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<mods:title id="9CDEF88D2F2638699F56217C5C79746D">Redescription of the older Adelopsis species (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini) based on the analysis of type specimens</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4662E253ADD2955A08D4231FD8585A3B">Gnaspini, Pedro</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="72BDA4C9FF98FFA6BAF428E3FD68C588" box="[151,743,909,936]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3A18F742FF98FFA6BAF428E3FD68C588" blockId="51.[151,743,909,936]" box="[151,743,909,936]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="6150402EFF98FFA6BAF428E3FD68C588" bold="true" box="[151,743,909,936]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6BAF428E3FD68C588" ID-CoL="6TTFH" authority="(Szymczakowski, 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Szymczakowski" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[151,743,909,936]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Paulipalpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claudicans">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BAF428E3FD68C588" bold="true" box="[151,743,909,936]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BAF428E3FE32C587" bold="true" box="[151,445,909,936]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Paulipalpina claudicans</emphasis>
(Szymczakowski, 1980)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="3A18F742FF98FFA6BAF428BFFC15C28D" blockId="51.[151,1437,977,1186]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection id="72BDA4C9FF98FFA6BAF428BFFA12C227" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AB7D06CFF98FFA6BAF428BFFA12C5C5" box="[151,1437,977,1002]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6BAF428BFFEC8C5C6" authorityName="in Szymczakowski" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,327,977,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Adelopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BAF428BFFEC8C5C6" box="[151,327,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Adelopsis simoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="BB06D153FF98FFA6BB3428BFFDF8C5C5" author="Szymczakowski, W." box="[343,631,977,1002]" page="671" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF98FFA6BB3428BFFDF8C5C5" author="Szymczakowski, W." box="[343,631,977,1002]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="667 - 680" refId="ref44893" refString="Szymczakowski, W. (1963) Catopidae (Coleoptera) recoltes au Bresil par J. Mraz. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 35, 667 - 680." type="journal article" year="1963">Szymczakowski, 1963: 671</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation id="BB06D153FF98FFA6B8E728BFFD6EC5C6" author="Szymczakowski, W." box="[644,737,977,1002]" page="14" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF98FFA6B8E728BFFD6EC5C6" author="Szymczakowski, W." box="[644,737,977,1002]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="13 - 27" refId="ref44924" refString="Szymczakowski, W. (1968) Sur quelques Catopidae (Coleoptera) de la region neotropicale. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 13, 13 - 27." type="journal article" year="1968">1968: 14</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[and
<figureCitation id="A29CEBC7FF98FFA6B94228BFFCD1C5C6" box="[801,862,977,1002]" captionStart="FIGURES 13" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1683,1708]" captionTargetBox="[344,1242,1091,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,1086,1664]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13. General view of aedeagus and genital segment of Adelopsis sp. 1, aedeagus, left view; 2, aedeagus, dorsal view; 3, genital segment, ventral view; a, apex; b, base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542767/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
] (misidentification—and identified as
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6BE9628BCFA12C5C5" ID-CoL="6TTFH" authority="in" authorityName="in Gnaspini" authorityYear="1996" box="[1269,1437,977,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Paulipalpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claudicans">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BE9628BCFAF0C5C6" box="[1269,1407,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. claudicans</emphasis>
in
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
Gnaspini, 1996: 540 [and see Notes under
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6B8FB289FFD76C227" authorityName="in Szymczakowski" authorityYear="1963" box="[664,761,1009,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Adelopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6B8FB289FFD76C227" box="[664,761,1009,1032]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. simoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, above], but probably also a misidentification—see Taxonomic
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72BDA4C9FF98FFA6BAA42F61FC15C28D" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
Notes).
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6BAF42F43FD04C269" authority="Szymczakowski, 1980: 518" authorityName="Szymczakowski" authorityPageNumber="518" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,651,1069,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Adelopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claudicans">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BAF42F43FEE1C26A" box="[151,366,1069,1093]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Adelopsis claudicans</emphasis>
Szymczakowski, 1980: 518
</taxonomicName>
[and
<figureCitation id="A29CEBC7FF98FFA6B8A62F43FCCDC26A" box="[709,834,1069,1094]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 416" captionStart-1="FIGURES 1725" captionStartId-0="11.[151,264,1063,1088]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,264,1886,1911]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1416,187,1038]" captionTargetBox-1="[186,1402,1340,1861]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[151,1430,174,1044]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[179,1408,1334,1866]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 416. Adelopsis ascutellaris (Murray, 1856). 4-15, lectotype male in BMNH, from Caracas. 4, habitus; 59, aedeagus, left lateral, dorsal, right lateral, and ventral views, and frontal view of aedeagus apex; 10, last ventrite; 11, genital segment; 12, head, lateral view; 13, meso and metathorax, ventro-lateral view (of left side of specimen) [as = anapleural suture; cc = coxal cavity; mc = metastemal carina; msep = mesepimeron; mset = mesepisternum; mte = metasternum; mtet = metepisternum]; 14, mesotarsus and mesotibia; 15, metatarsus and metatibia; 16, paralectotype female in BMNH (same data), spermatheca. Scale lines = 0.5 mm; a for figs. 511, 16; b for figs. 4, 1215." captionText-1="FIGURES 1725. Adelopsis ovalis Jeannel, 1936, holotype male in MNHN, from Venezuela. 1720, aedeagus, left lateral, dorsal, and right lateral views, and frontal view of aedeagus apex; 21, head, lateral view; 22, antenna, dorsal view; 23, protarsus and protibia; 24, mesotibia; 25, metatibia. Scale lines = 0.5 mm; a for figs. 1720; b for figs. 2125." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542769" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542771" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3542769/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3542771/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 1219</figureCitation>
].
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6BAF42F22FE00C24B" authorityName="in Gnaspini" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,399,1100,1124]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Paulipalpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claudicans">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BAF42F22FE00C24B" box="[151,399,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Paulipalpina claudicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF98FFA6BBF82F25FD47C24B" author="Gnaspini, P. &amp; Peck, S. B." box="[411,712,1099,1124]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="405 - 441" refId="ref43380" refString="Gnaspini, P. &amp; Peck, S. B. (1996) The Adelopsis of Costa Rica and Panama (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Ptomaphagini). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 39, 405 - 441." type="journal article" year="1996">Gnaspini and Peck, 1996: 434</bibRefCitation>
comb.; Gnaspini, 1996: 538 [and
<figureCitation id="A29CEBC7FF98FFA6BE7F2F25FB17C24B" box="[1052,1176,1099,1124]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 5461" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6275" captionStartId-0="18.[151,264,813,838]" captionStartId-1="19.[151,264,1679,1704]" captionTargetBox-0="[201,1385,166,788]" captionTargetBox-1="[181,1400,688,1656]" captionTargetId-0="figure@18.[196,1392,166,794]" captionTargetId-1="figure@19.[175,1411,679,1659]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="FIGURES 5461. Adelopsis portevini, new species, holotype male in MNHN, from Caracas region. 5457, aedeagus, left lateral, dorsal, and right lateral views, and frontal view of aedeagus apex; 58, genital segment; 59, meso and metathorax, ventrolateral view (of left side of specimen); 60, mesotarsus and mesotibia; 61, metatibia. Scale lines = 0.5 mm; a for figs. 5458; b for figs. 5961." captionText-1="FIGURES 6275. Adelopsis orcina Szymczakowski, 1975 new status. 6267, (probable) holotype male in CBCV, from Cueva de Camburales. 62, head, lateral view; 63, antenna, dorsal view; 64, meso and metathorax, ventro-lateral view (of left side of specimen); 65, protarsus and protibia; 66, mesotarsus and mesotibia; 67, metatarsus and metatibia; 6869, additional male (same data). 68, last ventrite; 69, genital segment; 7074, additional male (same data), aedeagus, left lateral, dorsal, right lateral, and ventral views, and frontal view of aedeagus apex; 75, female (same data), spermatheca. Scale lines = 0.5 mm; a for figs. 6875; b for figs. 6267." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542779" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542781" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3542779/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3542781/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 5662</figureCitation>
];
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF98FFA6BEC42F25FAE5C24B" author="Salgado, J. M." box="[1191,1386,1099,1124]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="963 - 982" refId="ref44427" refString="Salgado, J. M. (2005) New species of Leiodidae (Coleoptera) and new records from the Neotropical Region. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 112, 963 - 982. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80333" type="journal article" year="2005">Salgado, 2005: 971</bibRefCitation>
[and
<figureCitation id="A29CEBC7FF98FFA6BAA42F04FECCC2AC" box="[199,323,1130,1155]" captionStart="FIGURES 1725" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1886,1911]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,1340,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[179,1408,1334,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 1725. Adelopsis ovalis Jeannel, 1936, holotype male in MNHN, from Venezuela. 1720, aedeagus, left lateral, dorsal, and right lateral views, and frontal view of aedeagus apex; 21, head, lateral view; 22, antenna, dorsal view; 23, protarsus and protibia; 24, mesotibia; 25, metatibia. Scale lines = 0.5 mm; a for figs. 1720; b for figs. 2125." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542771/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 2324</figureCitation>
], 2015: 36. Note: see Taxonomic Notes for erroneous/doubtfull citations of this species.
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A18F742FF98FFA6BAF42FBEFBB3C3EC" blockId="51.[151,1437,1231,2014]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="8ACFFD1FFF98FFA6BAF42FBEFBB3C3EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2451575235" collectingDate="1958-07" collectionCode="MHNG, FMNH, SBPC" collectorName="F. Plaumann &amp; Note &amp; This &amp; Gnaspini" country="Brazil" elevation="400" location="Nova Teutonia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="E51C49E0FF98FFA6BAF42FBEFF70C2C5" box="[151,255,1232,1258]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male in
<collectionCode id="5CB66F87FF98FFA6BB042FBEFE32C2C5" box="[359,445,1232,1258]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
(not examined): “
<collectingCountry id="42B0B7D2FF98FFA6B8EE2FBEFD5AC2C5" box="[653,725,1232,1258]" name="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Brésil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="F86339A0FF98FFA6B8812FBEFC04C2C5" box="[738,907,1232,1258]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="3F78A199FF98FFA6B9FB2FBEFBCCC2C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20E4654FF98FFA1BAF428E3FC68C514:3F78A199FF98FFA6B9FB2FBEFBCCC2C5" box="[920,1091,1232,1258]" country="Brazil" name="Nova Teutonia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Nova Teutônia</location>
,
<quantity id="FD5F5AA7FF98FFA6BE2C2FA1FB5DC2C5" box="[1103,1234,1231,1258]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="400.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="300.0">
<elevation id="B18A1071FF98FFA6BE2C2FA1FB5DC2C5" box="[1103,1234,1231,1258]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="400.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="300.0">300500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="4E19D182FF98FFA6BE832FA1FAC7C2C5" box="[1248,1352,1231,1258]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1958-07">
<collectingDate id="5E5D286AFF98FFA6BE832FA1FAC7C2C5" box="[1248,1352,1231,1258]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1958-07">VII.1958</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="97529294FF98FFA6BFEB2FBEFE85C321" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">F. Plaumann</collectorName>
” [the original description refers to
<specimenCount id="2CA13CCBFF98FFA6B8FC2F9AFD63C321" box="[671,748,1268,1294]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="2CA13CCBFF98FFA6B9442F9AFC05C321" box="[807,906,1268,1294]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="E51C49E0FF98FFA6B9F02F9AFC71C321" box="[915,1022,1268,1294]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in IZSP; not examined].
<collectorName id="97529294FF98FFA6BF472F9AFAD0C321" box="[1316,1375,1268,1294]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Note</collectorName>
:
<collectorName id="97529294FF98FFA6BF092F9AFA13C321" box="[1386,1436,1268,1294]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">This</collectorName>
species was illustrated in
<collectorName id="97529294FF98FFA6BBDA2E76FD91C31D" box="[441,542,1304,1330]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Gnaspini</collectorName>
(1996:
<figureCitation id="A29CEBC7FF98FFA6B8142E76FD72C31D" box="[631,765,1303,1330]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 5461" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6275" captionStartId-0="18.[151,264,813,838]" captionStartId-1="19.[151,264,1679,1704]" captionTargetBox-0="[201,1385,166,788]" captionTargetBox-1="[181,1400,688,1656]" captionTargetId-0="figure@18.[196,1392,166,794]" captionTargetId-1="figure@19.[175,1411,679,1659]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="FIGURES 5461. Adelopsis portevini, new species, holotype male in MNHN, from Caracas region. 5457, aedeagus, left lateral, dorsal, and right lateral views, and frontal view of aedeagus apex; 58, genital segment; 59, meso and metathorax, ventrolateral view (of left side of specimen); 60, mesotarsus and mesotibia; 61, metatibia. Scale lines = 0.5 mm; a for figs. 5458; b for figs. 5961." captionText-1="FIGURES 6275. Adelopsis orcina Szymczakowski, 1975 new status. 6267, (probable) holotype male in CBCV, from Cueva de Camburales. 62, head, lateral view; 63, antenna, dorsal view; 64, meso and metathorax, ventro-lateral view (of left side of specimen); 65, protarsus and protibia; 66, mesotarsus and mesotibia; 67, metatarsus and metatibia; 6869, additional male (same data). 68, last ventrite; 69, genital segment; 7074, additional male (same data), aedeagus, left lateral, dorsal, right lateral, and ventral views, and frontal view of aedeagus apex; 75, female (same data), spermatheca. Scale lines = 0.5 mm; a for figs. 6875; b for figs. 6267." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542779" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542781" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3542779/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3542781/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 5662</figureCitation>
) based on topotypes (collected by the same collector) from
<collectionCode id="5CB66F87FF98FFA6BAF42E52FF64C379" box="[151,235,1340,1366]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
, and considered the same species in comparison with the illustrations from the original description (especially the shape of the aedeagus and of the mesotibia), and because so far (and also considering our unpublished notes on the many still undescribed species in
<collectionCode id="5CB66F87FF98FFA6B8D12EEAFD79C3B1" box="[690,758,1412,1438]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">SBPC</collectionCode>
collection), there is no record of more than one species of
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6BAF42EC6FEA6C3ED" box="[151,297,1448,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Paulipalpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BAF42EC6FEA6C3ED" box="[151,297,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Paulipalpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in the same locality (as also discussed for
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6B9172EC6FC55C3EE" authorityName="in Szymczakowski" authorityYear="1963" box="[884,986,1448,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Adelopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6B9172EC6FC55C3EE" box="[884,986,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. simoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, above).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A18F742FF98FFA6BAA42EA2FBBBC3C8" blockId="51.[151,1437,1231,2014]" box="[199,1076,1484,1511]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Length:
<quantity id="FD5F5AA7FF98FFA6BB462EA2FEF4C3C9" box="[293,379,1484,1510]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
(
<typeStatus id="E51C49E0FF98FFA6BBEA2EA2FE61C3C8" box="[393,494,1484,1511]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) and 2.0
<quantity id="FD5F5AA7FF98FFA6B8032EA2FD3BC3C9" box="[608,692,1484,1510]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
(
<typeStatus id="E51C49E0FF98FFA6B8A12EA2FCBEC3C9" box="[706,817,1484,1510]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) (original description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A18F742FF98FFA6BAA42E9EFB0EC0B4" blockId="51.[151,1437,1231,2014]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Material examined: A)
<specimenCount id="2CA13CCBFF98FFA6BBAF2E9EFDA2C025" box="[460,557,1520,1546]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
in NHRS (“P. Gnaspini det., 1994”) (Gnaspini, 1996: 541). Labels: “
<collectingCountry id="42B0B7D2FF98FFA6BF572E9EFA13C025" box="[1332,1436,1520,1546]" name="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Brasilien</collectingCountry>
/ Nova Teutonia / 27º11 B. 52º23 L. / Fritz Plaumann /
<date id="4E19D182FF98FFA6B9662D7AFCD8C001" box="[773,855,1556,1582]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1938-10">x.1938</date>
”; additional label: “
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6BE572D7AFB2EC001" authorityName="Portevin" authorityYear="1907" box="[1076,1185,1556,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Adelopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BE572D7AFB2EC001" box="[1076,1185,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Adelopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., female, Szymczakowski det., 1961”. Length: 2.0 mm (our measurement). Note: The female examined is a topotype (collected by the same collector) and shows the same spermatheca pattern as the one illustrated in Gnaspini (1996) and we therefore consider it to belong to the same species. It has a curved mesotibia (not bent as in males).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A18F742FF98FFA6BAA42DCAFB73C161" blockId="51.[151,1437,1231,2014]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
B)
<specimenCount id="2CA13CCBFF98FFA6BA8F2DCAFEB7C091" box="[236,312,1700,1726]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(Szymczakowski det., 1963: 671, 1968: 14 [and
<figureCitation id="A29CEBC7FF98FFA6B9082DCAFC26C091" box="[875,937,1699,1726]" captionStart="FIGURES 13" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1683,1708]" captionTargetBox="[344,1242,1091,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,1086,1664]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13. General view of aedeagus and genital segment of Adelopsis sp. 1, aedeagus, left view; 2, aedeagus, dorsal view; 3, genital segment, ventral view; a, apex; b, base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542767/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
]—
<collectingCountry id="42B0B7D2FF98FFA6B9B32DCDFB93C091" box="[976,1052,1699,1726]" name="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="F86339A0FF98FFA6BE4B2DCAFB11C091" box="[1064,1182,1700,1726]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="F86339A0FF98FFA6BEC92DCAFA90C090" box="[1194,1311,1700,1727]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
) in NMPC (Gnaspini, 1996: 541), misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6B8302DA6FC9EC0CE" authorityName="in Szymczakowski" authorityYear="1963" box="[595,785,1736,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Adelopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6B8302DA6FC9EC0CE" box="[595,785,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Adelopsis simoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF98FFA6B97E2DA6FC47C0CD" author="Portevin, G." box="[797,968,1736,1762]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="156 - 168" refId="ref44217" refString="Portevin, G. (1903) Clavicornes nouveau du groupe des Necrophages. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 72, 156 - 168, pl. 2." type="journal article" year="1903">Portevin, 1903</bibRefCitation>
; today in
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6BE572DA6FB49C0CD" box="[1076,1222,1736,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Paulipalpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BE572DA6FB49C0CD" box="[1076,1222,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Paulipalpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] in
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF98FFA6BE902DA6FEA0C12A" author="Szymczakowski, W." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="667 - 680" refId="ref44893" refString="Szymczakowski, W. (1963) Catopidae (Coleoptera) recoltes au Bresil par J. Mraz. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 35, 667 - 680." type="journal article" year="1963">Szymczakowski (1963: 671</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF98FFA6BB592D85FE11C129" author="Szymczakowski, W." box="[314,414,1771,1798]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="13 - 27" refId="ref44924" refString="Szymczakowski, W. (1968) Sur quelques Catopidae (Coleoptera) de la region neotropicale. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 13, 13 - 27." type="journal article" year="1968">1968: 14</bibRefCitation>
) (Gnaspini, 1996: 540), which is correct (see Taxonomic Notes under
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6BECF2D82FA9DC12A" authorityName="in Szymczakowski" authorityYear="1963" box="[1196,1298,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Adelopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BECF2D82FA9DC12A" box="[1196,1298,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. simoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, above), but possibly misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6BBD42C7EFCEDC105" authority="in Gnaspini (1996: 540)" authorityName="in Gnaspini" authorityPageNumber="540" authorityYear="1996" box="[439,866,1807,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Paulipalpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claudicans">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BBD42C7EFDC3C105" box="[439,588,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. claudicans</emphasis>
in Gnaspini (1996: 540)
</taxonomicName>
—see Taxonomic Notes. Labels:
<collectingRegion id="F86339A0FF98FFA6BEBA2C7EFAC4C105" box="[1241,1355,1808,1834]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
/ Bras. Mráz lgt / Mus. Pragense”. Length:
<quantity id="FD5F5AA7FF98FFA6B8492C5AFD0FC161" box="[554,640,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
(our measurement). Proportion aedeagus/elytron = 0.34.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A18F742FF98FFA1BAA42C36FE52C76C" blockId="51.[151,1437,1231,2014]" lastBlockId="52.[151,1437,153,827]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BAA42C36FE00C15E" box="[199,399,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Taxonomic Notes.</emphasis>
1) Gnaspini (1996: 540) identified the NMPC specimen misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6BEDC2C36FE79C1B9" authority="in Szymczakowski (1963: 671" authorityName="in Szymczakowski" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Adelopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BEDC2C36FAAAC15E" box="[1215,1317,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. simoni</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF98FFA6BF242C36FE0AC1BA" author="Szymczakowski, W." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="667 - 680" refId="ref44893" refString="Szymczakowski, W. (1963) Catopidae (Coleoptera) recoltes au Bresil par J. Mraz. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 35, 667 - 680." type="journal article" year="1963">Szymczakowski (1963: 671</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF98FFA6BBF12C15FE79C1B9" author="Szymczakowski, W." box="[402,502,1915,1942]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="13 - 27" refId="ref44924" refString="Szymczakowski, W. (1968) Sur quelques Catopidae (Coleoptera) de la region neotropicale. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 13, 13 - 27." type="journal article" year="1968">1968: 14</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) as belonging in
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6B8D92C12FCC0C1B9" authorityName="in Gnaspini" authorityYear="1996" box="[698,847,1916,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Paulipalpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claudicans">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6B8D92C12FCC0C1B9" box="[698,847,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. claudicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because the specimen also has a bent mesotibia and the tip of the aedeagus is similar. Szymczakowski (1980: 518) also mentioned that the specimen from
<collectingCountry id="42B0B7D2FF98FFA6BF462CCEFAE6C195" box="[1317,1385,1952,1978]" name="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
that he previously recognized as
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6BB822CAAFD2FC1F2" authorityName="in Szymczakowski" authorityYear="1963" box="[481,672,1988,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Adelopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6BB822CAAFD2FC1F2" box="[481,672,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Adelopsis simoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could refer to
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF98FFA6B9342CAAFBCBC1F1" authorityName="Szymczakowski" authorityYear="1980" box="[855,1092,1988,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Adelopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claudicans">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF98FFA6B9342CAAFBCBC1F1" box="[855,1092,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Adelopsis claudicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, because the speci- men is from a different locality (and we have discussed here that identification of specimens of different localities far from the
<typeStatus id="E51C49E0FF9FFFA1BB462BD3FEDAC6F8" box="[293,341,189,215]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
locality may incur a misidentification—see several Notes under species of
<taxonomicName id="FDA78CC1FF9FFFA1BEC62BD3FA9DC6F8" authorityName="Portevin" authorityYear="1907" box="[1189,1298,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Adelopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF9FFFA1BEC62BD3FA9DC6F8" box="[1189,1298,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Adelopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, above) and because we actually found some slight differences between the illustrations we made for this specimen and for the topotypes we analysed, we prefer to consider this a doubtful record, and we intend to reexamine the specimen in the future, to solve this question.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A18F742FF9FFFA1BAA42A23FD47C7D8" blockId="52.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
2)
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF9FFFA1BA872A23FE36C748" author="Salgado, J. M." box="[228,441,332,359]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="35 - 47" refId="ref44387" refString="Salgado, J. M. (1999) The Leiodidae (Coleoptera) of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History; new data and descriptions of two new species. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 75, 35 - 47." type="journal article" year="1999">Salgado (1999: 45)</bibRefCitation>
recorded this species from
<collectingRegion id="F86339A0FF9FFFA1B88A2A23FC04C748" box="[745,907,333,359]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
, based on only one female, and gave no figures. We reinforce the statement that, because ptomaphagines (mainly the Neotropical ones) are very similar to each other based on external characters (with some exceptions, of course), it is difficult to relate female specimens to a given species without the presence of males in the same collection, especially from a different and distant locality. We therefore prefer to consider this a doubtful record.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A18F742FF9FFFA1BAA4296FFCD9C484" blockId="52.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
3)
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF9FFFA1BA84296FFE47C434" author="Salgado, J. M." box="[231,456,512,539]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="963 - 982" refId="ref44427" refString="Salgado, J. M. (2005) New species of Leiodidae (Coleoptera) and new records from the Neotropical Region. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 112, 963 - 982. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80333" type="journal article" year="2005">Salgado (2005: 971</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF9FFFA1BBB6296EFDB4C433" author="Salgado, J. M." box="[469,571,512,540]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="3 - 39" refId="ref44740" refString="Salgado, J. M. (2015) Dos especies nuevas del genero Sphaeropelatops Jeannel, 1962. Nuevos datos de Camiarinae y Cholevinae de Brasil, Chile y Panama (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). Boletin de la Asociacion Espanola de Entomologia, 39, 3 - 39." type="journal article" year="2015">2015: 36</bibRefCitation>
) added several records from the
<typeStatus id="E51C49E0FF9FFFA1B9D7296FFC6BC434" box="[948,996,513,539]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
locality. However, the spermatheca illustrated in
<figureCitation id="A29CEBC7FF9FFFA1BB7F294BFEE3C410" box="[284,364,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 1725" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1886,1911]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,1340,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[179,1408,1334,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 1725. Adelopsis ovalis Jeannel, 1936, holotype male in MNHN, from Venezuela. 1720, aedeagus, left lateral, dorsal, and right lateral views, and frontal view of aedeagus apex; 21, head, lateral view; 22, antenna, dorsal view; 23, protarsus and protibia; 24, mesotibia; 25, metatibia. Scale lines = 0.5 mm; a for figs. 1720; b for figs. 2125." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542771/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Fig.
<quantity id="FD5F5AA7FF9FFFA1BB33294BFEE3C410" box="[336,364,549,575]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="24.0">24</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF9FFFA1BBF3294BFDB2C410" author="Salgado, J. M." box="[400,573,548,575]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="963 - 982" refId="ref44427" refString="Salgado, J. M. (2005) New species of Leiodidae (Coleoptera) and new records from the Neotropical Region. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 112, 963 - 982. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80333" type="journal article" year="2005">Salgado (2005)</bibRefCitation>
completely differs from that illustrated in Gnaspini (1996:
<figureCitation id="A29CEBC7FF9FFFA1BEBB294BFAA4C46F" box="[1240,1323,549,576]" captionStart="FIGURES 6275" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1679,1704]" captionTargetBox="[181,1400,688,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[175,1411,679,1659]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 6275. Adelopsis orcina Szymczakowski, 1975 new status. 6267, (probable) holotype male in CBCV, from Cueva de Camburales. 62, head, lateral view; 63, antenna, dorsal view; 64, meso and metathorax, ventro-lateral view (of left side of specimen); 65, protarsus and protibia; 66, mesotarsus and mesotibia; 67, metatarsus and metatibia; 6869, additional male (same data). 68, last ventrite; 69, genital segment; 7074, additional male (same data), aedeagus, left lateral, dorsal, right lateral, and ventral views, and frontal view of aedeagus apex; 75, female (same data), spermatheca. Scale lines = 0.5 mm; a for figs. 6875; b for figs. 6267." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3542781/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
), and also from the pattern most commonly observed in species of the genus (although some different patterns have also been illustrated). Because of this important difference, we understand that one of the two illustrated females does not belong to the species, and this should be clarified in the future.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A18F742FF9FFFA1BAA429DBFE42C4DB" blockId="52.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="08D32B50FF9FFFA1BAA429DBFED7C4E0" box="[199,344,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="42B0B7D2FF9FFFA1BB3E29DBFE29C4E0" box="[349,422,693,719]" name="Brazil" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="F86339A0FF9FFFA1BBD329DBFD19C4E0" box="[432,662,693,719]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Santa Catarina State</collectingRegion>
: known only from
<typeStatus id="E51C49E0FF9FFFA1B90B29DBFC17C4E0" box="[872,920,693,719]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
locality (original description; Gnaspini, 1996;
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF9FFFA1BAF429B7FEB5C4DC" author="Salgado, J. M." box="[151,314,728,755]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="963 - 982" refId="ref44427" refString="Salgado, J. M. (2005) New species of Leiodidae (Coleoptera) and new records from the Neotropical Region. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 112, 963 - 982. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80333" type="journal article" year="2005">Salgado, 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF9FFFA1BB2629B6FE0FC4DC" author="Salgado, J. M." box="[325,384,728,755]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="3 - 39" refId="ref44740" refString="Salgado, J. M. (2015) Dos especies nuevas del genero Sphaeropelatops Jeannel, 1962. Nuevos datos de Camiarinae y Cholevinae de Brasil, Chile y Panama (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). Boletin de la Asociacion Espanola de Entomologia, 39, 3 - 39." type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
; here).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A18F742FF9FFFA1BAA42993FC68C514" blockId="52.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Note: Doubtfull records (see Taxonomic Notes above):
<collectingCountry id="42B0B7D2FF9FFFA1B95E2993FC09C538" box="[829,902,765,791]" name="Brazil" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="F86339A0FF9FFFA1B9F22993FBB9C538" box="[913,1078,765,791]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF9FFFA1BE262993FB66C538" author="Salgado, J. M." box="[1093,1257,765,791]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="35 - 47" refId="ref44387" refString="Salgado, J. M. (1999) The Leiodidae (Coleoptera) of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History; new data and descriptions of two new species. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 75, 35 - 47." type="journal article" year="1999">Salgado, 1999</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingRegion id="F86339A0FF9FFFA1BF492993FA13C538" box="[1322,1436,765,791]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(Gnaspini, 1996: 540—record missed in
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,
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF9FFFA1B96C284EFCC5C514" author="Salgado, J. M." box="[783,842,800,827]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="963 - 982" refId="ref44427" refString="Salgado, J. M. (2005) New species of Leiodidae (Coleoptera) and new records from the Neotropical Region. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 112, 963 - 982. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80333" type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5E368AB3FF9FFFA1B936284EFC00C514" author="Salgado, J. M." box="[853,911,800,827]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="3 - 39" refId="ref44740" refString="Salgado, J. M. (2015) Dos especies nuevas del genero Sphaeropelatops Jeannel, 1962. Nuevos datos de Camiarinae y Cholevinae de Brasil, Chile y Panama (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). Boletin de la Asociacion Espanola de Entomologia, 39, 3 - 39." type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
) States.
</paragraph>
</treatment>
</document>