243 lines
21 KiB
XML
243 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.825.32443" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ec214455-90fc-4198-9c6c-c00c17ee3f72" ID-PMC="PMC6403201" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-825-123" ID-PubMed="30853832" ID-ZBK="4F7853507E194BED92B05271E3165879" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-825-123" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 825" ModsDocTitle="Review and integrative taxonomy of the genus Prosopistoma Latreille, 1833 (Ephemeroptera, Prosopistomatidae) in Thailand, with description of a new species" checkinTime="1551359772103" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Boonsoong, Boonsatien & Sartori, Michel" docDate="2019" docId="6934681BF6E032008039A40FFB3C313A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 825: 123-144" docOrigin="ZooKeys 825" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.825.32443" docTitle="Prosopistoma carinatum Boonsoong & Sartori, 2019, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="E4B47533-39E5-45D6-BFAA-BE6B5E681C7B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="132" masterDocId="B303F737FFBFFFC3F477FFB6FF88DB2E" masterDocTitle="Review and integrative taxonomy of the genus Prosopistoma Latreille, 1833 (Ephemeroptera, Prosopistomatidae) in Thailand, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="129" updateTime="1668166937163" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review and integrative taxonomy of the genus Prosopistoma Latreille, 1833 (Ephemeroptera, Prosopistomatidae) in Thailand, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Boonsoong, Boonsatien</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sartori, Michel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>825</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>123</mods:start>
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<mods:end>144</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.825.32443</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.825.32443</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-825-123</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">4F7853507E194BED92B05271E3165879</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4F7853507E194BED92B05271E3165879</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154126068" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E4B47533-39E5-45D6-BFAA-BE6B5E681C7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6934681BF6E032008039A40FFB3C313A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="129" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="129">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/E4B47533-39E5-45D6-BFAA-BE6B5E681C7B" class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma carinatum" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatum">Prosopistoma carinatum</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="129">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 1D, 1F, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12E, 12F, 14
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="130" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
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examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
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Holotype. THAILAND; Holotype, 1 mature larva, Kanchanaburi province, Thong Pha Phum, Ban Pra Chum Mai,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.583722">14°35'01.4"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.58175">98°34'54.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 233 m, 11.IV.2015, B Boonsoong leg. (ZMKU); Paratypes. 1 larva same data as holotype (MZL, GBIFCH00657926); 6 larvae same data as holotype (ZMKU); 1 mature larva, 8 larvae, Kanchanaburi province, Ban Pra Chum Mai,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.583722">14°35'01.4"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.58175">98°34'54.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 233 m, 26.IV.2016, B Boonsoong leg. (ZMKU).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="130">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
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THAILAND; 1 larva, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Lan Sa Ka, Khao Luang water fall,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.106767">11°06'24.36"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="101.47863">101°28'43.08"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 533 m, 2.VII.2016, B Boonsoong leg. (ZMKU); 1 larva, Narathiwat province, Waeng district, Ai Sae,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.7960835">5°47'45.9"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="101.834854">101°50'5.46"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 64 m, 21.IV.2018, B Boonsoong leg. (ZMKU).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="130" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="130">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="130">Kanchanaburi province (W), Nakhon Si Thammarat province (S), Narathiwat province (S).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="130" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="130">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
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The larvae of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma carinatum" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatum">Prosopistoma carinatum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. can be distinguished from those of other species by the combination of the following characteristics (Table 3): (i) carapace with two longitudinal ridges on each side of the midline on its surface (Fig. 1F), (ii) antenna 7-segmented, (iii) carapace with three pale-coloured depressions on each side, (iv) carapace with a very narrow flange width and strong convexity, (v) carapace with a typically brown colouration and a distally irregular (zig-zag) yellow pattern at 0.7 times the length of the carapace, (vi) carapace with circular scale-like structures, (vii) presence of three long serrated bristles at the base of the inner canine and (viii) ventral margin of the fore-tibia with nine pectinate setae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="C912B9F77621DCE50A75311F9D07B786" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C912B9F77621DCE50A75311F9D07B786" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
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Table 3. Larval characters of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. carinatum" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="carinatum">P. carinatum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. compared with Thai known species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Soldan, T" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca" pageId="14" pageNumber="137" pagination="370 - 376" title="Two new species of the genus Prosopistoma (Ephemeroptera: Prosopistomatidae) from Vietnam." volume="81" year="1984">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Soldán">Soldan</normalizedToken>
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and Braasch 1984
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Sartori, M" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="14" pageNumber="137" pagination="301 - 305" title="First record and new species of the genus Prosopistoma Latreille, 1833 (Ephemeroptera, Prosopistomatidae) from Borneo (East Kalimantan, Indonesia)." volume="76" year="2003">Sartori and Gattolliat 2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Shi, W" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="14" pageNumber="137" pagination="89 - 096" title="A new species of Prosopistoma (Ephemeroptera: Prosopistomatidae) from China with a key to Oriental species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3718.1.8" volume="3718" year="2013">Shi and Tong 2013</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
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<table pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. annamense" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="annamense">P. annamense</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sinense" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="sinense">P. sinense</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. wouterae" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="wouterae">P. wouterae</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. carinatum" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="carinatum">P. carinatum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="130">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="130">(in alcohol). Body length 1.94-2.43 mm excluding caudal filaments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
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Head. Head yellowish with median blackish ocellus between antennae (Fig. 8A), head width approximately 3 times length. Epicranial ecdysial sutures prominent, passing through the anterior margin of the lateral ocelli, and between the compound eyes and the antennal bases and continuing to the lateral margin of the head (Fig. 8B). Antenna 7-segments (Figs 6A, 8B, 8C), longer than the distance from antennal base to anterior margin of head; segment I usually retracts into head capsule; segment III the longest and shorter than combined length of segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–VII">IV-VII</normalizedToken>
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, antenna segment VII minute (Fig. 8C). Labrum (Fig. 6D) narrow, 3 times wider than long, anterior
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="131" start="start">margin</pageBreakToken>
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fringed with dense fine setae. Left and right mandibles similar (Fig. 6E, 6F). Outer canine of mandibles subequal and broader than inner canine, with three apical teeth, a smaller outer tooth and a larger inner tooth with a serrated margin near the apex and three small spines; inner canine with two apical teeth, including a larger inner one with a serrated inner margin near the apex with three spines. Three long serrated
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="132" start="start">bristles</pageBreakToken>
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arising from the base of the inner canine (Fig. 6G). A single stout feathered seta lateromedially on each mandible (Fig. 6E, 6F). Maxillae (Fig. 6H) crowned by a rigid canine and three subequal moveable dentisetae; three long-feathered stout bristles arising near the base of the apical canine and dentisetae on the galea-lacinia. A single unserrated bristle arising approximately 2/3 of the way down the sclerotised section of the galea-lacinia. Maxillary palpi 3-segmented, segment II the longest, length ratio of maxillary palp segments from basal one to apical: 1.9:2.2:1(Fig. 6H).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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Figure 6.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma carinatum" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatum">Prosopistoma carinatum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: A Antenna
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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Labium B ventral view C ventral view D Labrum, dorsal view
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
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Mandible E Left mandible (ventral view) F Right mandible (ventral view) G Enlargement of canine of the right mandible, (H). Scale bars: 0.02 mm (H); 0.05 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, D, E, F); 0.2 mm (B, C).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">Carapace. Carapace general colouration dark brown, distally with an irregular (zig-zag) yellow pattern at 0.7 times the length of the carapace (Fig. 1D). Two longitudinal ridges on the anterior surface region, and two short ridges on the pale surface area (Figs 1D, 1F, 9A, 9C, 9D). Carapace with one pale-coloured circular depression on lateral side of the anterior region (Figs 1F, 9B) and two pale-coloured striped depressions at the midline. Carapace flange width very narrow. Cuticle of carapace coarsely pitted and interspersed with scale-like structures (Fig. 9E, F). Distal margin of the carapace protruding slightly over the exhalent notch (Figs 1D, 9A). In lateral view, carapace strongly convex, with a convexity (ratio of maximum carapace height to length along the posterior margin of the carapace) range 0.56-0.58. Sternum pitted, with coarse scale-like structures within the triangular sternal plate (Fig. 8D, F).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">Legs. Dorsal margin of fore femur with 14 short simple setae (Fig. 7A); ventral margin of fore tibia with nine pectinate setae (Figs 7B, 10C). Anterior and posterior surface of femur covered with scale-like pattern (Figs 7A, 10A). Tarsal claws of all three pairs of legs sharp and without denticles.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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Abdomen. Abdominal gills (Fig. 7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–G">C-G</normalizedToken>
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). Gill I with lamellate upper portion, margin serrated, lower portion divided into multiple filaments (Fig. 7C). Gill II expanded to form broad leaf-like lamella (Fig. 7D). Gills III-V with multiple branching filaments (Fig. 7E, F). Gill VI tiny, unbranched (Fig. 7G). Posterolateral projections of abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VII–IX">VII-IX</normalizedToken>
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broad, apex pointed. Caudal filaments small, retractile, short, feathered.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma carinatum" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatum">Prosopistoma carinatum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: (A) Foreleg, (B) Enlargement of part of the fore-tibia to show setation; (C) Gill I; (D) Gill II; (E) Gill IV; (F) Gill V; (G) Gill VI. Scale bars 0.1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (A); 1 mm (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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Figure 8.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma carinatum" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatum">Prosopistoma carinatum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: ASEMs of head, frontal view B antenna, frontal view C tip of antenna D sternal plate and legs E closer view of surface of sternal plate F closer view showing details of scale-like structures.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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Figure 9.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma carinatum" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatum">Prosopistoma carinatum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: ASEMs of notal shield, dorsal view B pale-coloured areas on carapace (arrows) C dorsolateral view of carapace D ridged longitudinal lines, dorsolateral view E scale-like structures F closer view showing details of scale-like structures.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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Figure 10.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma carinatum" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatum">Prosopistoma carinatum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: ASEMs of middle leg showing scale-like pattern on femur, ventral view B ventral margin of fore tibia C pectinate setae (arrows).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="132" type="subimago and imago">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">Subimago and Imago.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="132" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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The name
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P carinatum" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" rank="species" species="carinatum">carinatum</taxonomicName>
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(Latin for carinate or keeled), refers to the prominent keels or ridge-like mesonotal convexity of the species.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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Figure 11. Consensus phylogenetic tree based on the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of three Thai
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopistoma</taxonomicName>
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species (the best model: T92 +G, parameter = 0.2619). The bootstrap consensus tree inferred from 1,000 replicates. Values above the branches are ML bootstrap values (> 70%).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baetiscidae" genus="Baetisca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baetisca laurentina" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laurentina">Baetisca laurentina</taxonomicName>
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from GenBank was used as the outgroup. There were a total of 658 positions in the final dataset. Abbreviations are the same as those found in Table 1.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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Figure 13. Rearing chamber of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma annamense" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamense">Prosopistoma annamense</taxonomicName>
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larva.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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Figure 12. Habitats of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopistoma</taxonomicName>
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larvae:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. annamense" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" rank="species" species="annamense">P. annamense</taxonomicName>
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A = Loei province B = Nakhon Nayok province C = Kanchanaburi province (Khwae Noi River) D
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sinense" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" rank="species" species="sinense">P. sinense</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kanchanaburi province)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. carinatum" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" rank="species" species="carinatum">P. carinatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. E = Kanchanaburi province F = Nakhon Si (Thammarat province).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
|
||
Figure 14. Distribution map of the four known Thai
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prosopistomatidae" genus="Prosopistoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopistoma" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopistoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |