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<document id="C431E134010F73EDF4804DC1B374D938" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5393063" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5393063" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630317937226" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Fahey, Shireen J. &amp; Gosliner, Terrence M." docDate="2000" docId="691887899A6BB83FFC992AC8FD7BFDAB" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2000.22.3.471-498.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 22 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Halgerda orstomi Fahey &amp; Gosliner 2000, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="490" masterDocId="9521FFF19A65B82CFFCC2F2FFFEEFFC8" masterDocTitle="New records of Halgerda Bergh, 1880 (Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia) from the deep western Pacific Ocean, with descriptions of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="471" pageNumber="485" updateTime="1699224944567" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="D6D31FD67F33D0D9A506EEF84737A77E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E88FAE3526590305B43272A057759B24">
<mods:title id="91F8241EA43A94004C3DC4B343379254">New records of Halgerda Bergh, 1880 (Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia) from the deep western Pacific Ocean, with descriptions of four new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="7789F36C55FC146FD8E6583C612B9A42" type="personal">
<mods:role id="859E0E751C6316A580AA2164094F9AF6">
<mods:roleTerm id="661242B7E701B016C6BA62AB1E3BD380">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="76A12726FC1EC04EA5E526550F64A94F">Fahey, Shireen J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F8E394B958E126846736EA5F97081C7D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CAC51904A5954A38318CD26E5AAEE20D">
<mods:roleTerm id="14E433FD2217BE861167E868C1797C70">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="02307B559ECA531F02B791C2C7B5A9D5">Gosliner, Terrence M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C2A2EEE10E889908586264AA53572710">California Academy of Sciences Invertebrate Zoology and Geology Golden Gate Park San Francisco, California 94118 (USA) sfahey @ calacademy. org tgosline @ calacademy. org.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D114E30C7E89BC85B7CCF5A0915A1523" type="email">org@calacademy.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B262E75A492D98F4C0A80B18303646B1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="2A75F8572913165D63B9E242DFDA59E6" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="31DC1D946A0633FFDD75D50F5BDDCA9C">
<mods:title id="CD134D83D5909E364391BF0D68DC17CB">Zoosystema</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="449B1257214E516796EFF3BB9A33AE8E">
<mods:date id="237FF431954996D8558A766269818C3C">2000</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CFFB1E4C58F59BAA9A35689B25B17076" type="volume">
<mods:number id="88480DE4559DFD4FF267520B83740716">22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="0BD35B11E557EA32345AF90B255AA965" type="issue">
<mods:number id="3F5AD4DA95C6E074CA3D013046073510">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A8BD3B221E46A7EE193E69F2CB2FFEAD" unit="page">
<mods:start id="B576DA474955DFDDE5A354EC6C4914D8">471</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5D052D94F9445BE5D74E30744432E038">498</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="D6D276D4A07F97518C428070192AABE6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C93BEAAA7E13B8BEF92704C6E2E6C915" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5393063</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8DE1AA80AF23FB9E31C9E9B99A9CCFFA" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E5684633AE80D833161C040E2D51F734" type="Zenodo-Dep">5393063</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="691887899A6BB83FFC992AC8FD7BFDAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:691887899A6BB83FFC992AC8FD7BFDAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/691887899A6BB83FFC992AC8FD7BFDAB" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="490" pageId="14" pageNumber="485">
<subSubSection id="A9AB65149A6BB822FC992AC8FBBAF9C8" box="[853,1108,1509,1537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6BB822FC992AC8FBBAF9C8" blockId="14.[853,1108,1509,1568]" box="[853,1108,1509,1537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485">
<heading id="BA4681F39A6BB822FC992AC8FBBAF9C8" box="[853,1108,1509,1537]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A6BB822FC992AC8FBFCFA37" ID-CoL="3JBJB" authority="Fahey &amp; Gosliner, 2000" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[853,1042,1509,1537]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A6BB822FC992AC8FBFCFA37" bold="true" box="[853,1042,1509,1537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="485">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C8F657F69A6BB822FBD52AC9FBBAF9C8" box="[1049,1108,1510,1536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9AB65149A6BB822FC5E2929FBF9F9E8" box="[914,1047,1542,1568]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" type="description">
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6BB822FC5E2929FBF9F9E8" blockId="14.[853,1108,1509,1568]" box="[914,1047,1542,1568]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485">
(
<figureCitation id="798A2A1A9A6BB822FC552929FBE1F9E8" box="[921,1039,1542,1568]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="15.[151,162,620,637]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,162,1458,1475]" captionStartId-2="17.[151,162,663,680]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1247,166,581]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1247,167,1429]" captionTargetBox-2="[175,639,170,622]" captionTargetId-1="graphics-53@16.[151,1247,41,1769]" captionTargetId-2="figure-586@17.[184,705,158,635]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionText-0="FIG. 11. — Halgerda orstomi n. sp., preserved specimen (MNHN MUSORSTOM 8 CP1140); A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bar: 2.5 mm." captionText-1="FIG. 12. — Electron micrographs of H. orstomi n. sp. (MNHN MUSORSTOM 8 CP1140), radular morphology; A, outer lateral teeth; B, outer lateral teeth; C, inner lateral; D, middle lateral teeth. Scale bars: A, C, 30 µm; B, 20 µm; D, 43 µm." captionText-2="FIG. 13. — Drawing of H. orstomi n. sp. reproductive morphology. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; ej, ejaculatory duct; fgm, female gland mass; gap, genital atrium pigment; p, penis; pr, prostate; rs, receptaculum seminis; v, vagina; vs, vaginal sphincter. Scale: 20 ×." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5393085" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5393087" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5393089" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5393085/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5393087/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5393089/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="485">Figs 11-13</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9AB65149A6BB823FD062918FEA1FC80" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="486" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6BB822FD062918FC53F94B" blockId="14.[714,1247,1591,1667]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485">
<materialsCitation id="51D93CC29A6BB822FD062918FC53F94B" collectingDate="1994-10-11" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Vanuatu" elevation="243" latitude="-15.8" location="Vanuatu" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="167.15" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" specimenCode="MUSORSTOM 8" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3E0A883D9A6BB822FD062918FCD1F985" box="[714,831,1591,1614]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A6BB822FCB82918FC33F987" bold="true" box="[884,989,1591,1615]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485">
<collectingCountry id="99A6760F9A6BB822FCB82918FC39F987" box="[884,983,1591,1615]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="14" pageNumber="485">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="B1179EE49A6BB822FC2A2917FB41F998" box="[998,1199,1592,1616]" collectionCode="MUSORSTOM" pageId="14" pageNumber="485">MUSORSTOM 8</specimenCode>
, stn CP1140,
<geoCoordinate id="848550589A6BB822FCE6297DFC95F9A2" box="[810,891,1618,1642]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" precision="925" value="-15.8">15°48’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="848550589A6BB822FC4A297DFC08F9A2" box="[902,998,1618,1642]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" precision="925" value="167.15">167°09’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="26499B7A9A6BB822FC3E297DFB8AF9A0" box="[1010,1124,1617,1642]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.43" metricValueMax="2.51" metricValueMin="2.35" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" unit="m" value="243.0" valueMax="251.0" valueMin="235.0">
<elevation id="6A9CD1AC9A6BB822FC3E297DFB8AF9A0" box="[1010,1124,1617,1642]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.43" metricValueMax="2.51" metricValueMin="2.35" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" unit="m" value="243.0" valueMax="251.0" valueMin="235.0">235-251 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="950F105F9A6BB822FBBC297DFB35F9A2" box="[1136,1243,1618,1642]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" value="1994-10-11">
<collectingDate id="854BE9B79A6BB822FBBC297DFB35F9A2" box="[1136,1243,1618,1642]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" value="1994-10-11">11.X.1994</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="F7B7FD169A6BB822FD062944FD15F949" box="[714,763,1642,1667]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" type="generic">1 sp.</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="26499B7A9A6BB822FCC92944FCA3F949" box="[773,845,1642,1667]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="87A0AE5A9A6BB822FC962944FC5CF94B" box="[858,946,1643,1667]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="485">MNHN</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="B5CE66179A6AB823FF5B2D43FF33FD5B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5393085" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5393085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5393085/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" startId="15.[151,162,620,637]" targetBox="[151,1247,166,581]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6AB823FF5B2D43FF33FD5B" blockId="15.[151,1248,620,659]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
FIG. 11. —
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A6AB823FF3C2D43FE90FDB5" authority="Fahey &amp; Gosliner, 2000" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[240,382,620,637]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A6AB823FF3C2D43FE90FDB5" box="[240,382,620,637]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C8F657F69A6AB823FE4F2D43FE5AFDB5" box="[387,436,620,637]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, preserved specimen (MNHN MUSORSTOM 8 CP1140);
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A6AB823FC462D43FC79FDB5" bold="true" box="[906,919,620,637]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A6AB823FBC42D43FBFBFDB5" bold="true" box="[1032,1045,620,637]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">B</emphasis>
, ventral view. Scale bar: 2.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6AB823FF5B2DE5FEA1FC80" blockId="15.[151,684,714,1240]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
<typeStatus id="3E0A883D9A6AB823FF5B2DE5FEE2FD28" box="[151,268,714,737]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
. —
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A6AB823FE8D2DE5FE47FD2A" bold="true" box="[321,425,714,738]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
<collectingCountry id="99A6760F9A6AB823FE8D2DE5FE4AFD2A" box="[321,420,714,738]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="87A0AE5A9A6AB823FE7F2DE4FD8DFD2B" box="[435,611,715,739]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">MUSORSTOM</collectionCode>
8, stn CP1132,
<geoCoordinate id="848550589A6AB823FF3B2DCBFEA9FD34" box="[247,327,740,764]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" precision="925" value="-15.633333">15°38’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="848550589A6AB823FE9F2DCBFE5CFD34" box="[339,434,740,764]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" precision="925" value="167.05">167°03’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="26499B7A9A6AB823FE722DCBFDDEFD32" box="[446,560,739,764]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" metricValueMax="1.8199999999999998" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" unit="m" value="171.0" valueMax="182.0" valueMin="160.0">160-182 m</quantity>
,
<date id="950F105F9A6AB823FDF02DCBFD46FD34" box="[572,680,740,764]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" value="1994-10-11">11.X.1994</date>
,
<specimenCount id="F7B7FD169A6AB823FF5B2DD1FF22FCDC" box="[151,204,765,790]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" type="generic">2 sp.</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="26499B7A9A6AB823FF152DD1FEC6FCDC" box="[217,296,765,790]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity id="26499B7A9A6AB823FEF92DD1FE6FFCDC" box="[309,385,765,790]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="87A0AE5A9A6AB823FE5D2DD1FE02FCDE" box="[401,492,766,790]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">MNHN</collectionCode>
). — Stn CP1133,
<geoCoordinate id="848550589A6AB823FF5B2C38FF02FCE7" box="[151,236,791,815]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" precision="925" value="-15.65">15°39’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="848550589A6AB823FF362C38FEB1FCE7" box="[250,351,791,815]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" precision="925" value="167.05">167°03’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="26499B7A9A6AB823FEA02C38FE0BFCE5" box="[364,485,790,815]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7399999999999998" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" unit="m" value="192.0" valueMax="210.0" valueMin="174.0">174-210 m</quantity>
,
<date id="950F105F9A6AB823FE3E2C38FD8BFCE7" box="[498,613,791,815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" value="1994-10-11">11.X.1994</date>
,
<specimenCount id="F7B7FD169A6AB823FDBE2C38FD49FCE5" box="[626,679,790,815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" type="generic">1 sp.</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="26499B7A9A6AB823FF5B2C1FFF30FC8E" box="[151,222,815,840]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="87A0AE5A9A6AB823FF202C1FFEAAFC80" box="[236,324,816,840]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">MNHN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9AB65149A6AB823FF5B2C77FDB0FBF9" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6AB823FF5B2C77FD7AFC1E" blockId="15.[151,684,714,1240]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name, a patronym, refers to the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, the acronym of which (now IRD, then ORSTOM) is combined with the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, in the MUSORSTOM expeditions.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6AB823FF5B2CC9FDB0FBF9" blockId="15.[151,684,714,1240]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A6AB823FDD22CC9FD42FC36" bold="true" box="[542,684,998,1022]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
<collectingCountry id="99A6760F9A6AB823FDD22CC9FD49FC36" box="[542,679,998,1022]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
MUSORSTOM 3, stn CP134,
<geoCoordinate id="848550589A6AB823FE132B2FFDD7FBD0" box="[479,569,1024,1048]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" precision="925" value="12.016666">12°01’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="848550589A6AB823FD892B2FFD46FBD0" box="[581,680,1024,1048]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" precision="925" value="121.95">121°57’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="26499B7A9A6AB823FF5B2B36FF00FBE7" box="[151,238,1048,1073]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.35" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="9.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" unit="m" value="93.5" valueMax="95.0" valueMin="92.0">92-95 m</quantity>
,
<date id="950F105F9A6AB823FF342B36FE8EFBF9" box="[248,352,1049,1073]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" value="1985-06-05">5.VI.1985</date>
,
<specimenCount id="F7B7FD169A6AB823FEA72B36FE72FBE7" box="[363,412,1048,1073]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" type="generic">1 sp.</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="26499B7A9A6AB823FE6A2B36FE03FBE7" box="[422,493,1048,1073]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
(MNHN).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9AB65149A6AB83FFF5B2B1DFD7BFDAB" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="490" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6AB823FF5B2B1DFEEFFBB5" blockId="15.[151,684,714,1240]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A6AB823FF5B2B1DFE8BFB82" bold="true" box="[151,357,1074,1098]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
<collectingCountry id="99A6760F9A6AB823FF5B2B1DFE8FFB82" box="[151,353,1074,1098]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Nouvelle-Calédonie</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="87A0AE5A9A6AB823FEA72B1DFDE0FB82" box="[363,526,1074,1098]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">MUSORSTOM</collectionCode>
4, stn DW204,
<geoCoordinate id="848550589A6AB823FF5B2B63FF09FBAC" box="[151,231,1100,1124]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" precision="925" value="-22.616667">22°37’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="848550589A6AB823FF3E2B63FEBFFBAC" box="[242,337,1100,1124]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" precision="925" value="167.1">167°06’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="26499B7A9A6AB823FE902B63FE70FBAA" box="[348,414,1099,1124]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
,
<date id="950F105F9A6AB823FE652B63FDF3FBAC" box="[425,541,1100,1124]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" value="1985-09-27">27.IX.1985</date>
,
<specimenCount id="F7B7FD169A6AB823FDE42B63FDB7FBAA" box="[552,601,1099,1124]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" type="generic">1 sp.</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="26499B7A9A6AB823FDA82B63FD42FBAA" box="[612,684,1099,1124]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="87A0AE5A9A6AB823FF522B4AFF18FBB5" box="[158,246,1125,1149]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">MNHN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6AB823FF5B2BA2FF16FB1E" blockId="15.[151,684,714,1240]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
DISTRIBUTION. — This species is presently recorded from
<collectingCountry id="99A6760F9A6AB823FF022B89FECDFB75" box="[206,291,1190,1213]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="99A6760F9A6AB823FEB12B88FE00FB77" box="[381,494,1191,1215]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, at depths from
<quantity id="26499B7A9A6AB823FD5E2B88FF1AFB1E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7149999999999999" metricValueMax="2.5100000000000002" metricValueMin="0.9199999999999999" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" unit="m" value="171.5" valueMax="251.0" valueMin="92.0">
92 to
<specimenCount id="F7B7FD169A6AB823FF7D2BEFFF1AFB1E" box="[177,244,1215,1240]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" type="generic">251 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6AB823FF5B2A28FEC6FAD7" blockId="15.[151,684,1287,1666]" box="[151,296,1287,1313]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6AB823FF5B2A07FE82FA8A" blockId="15.[151,684,1287,1666]" box="[151,364,1320,1346]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A6AB823FF5B2A07FE82FA8A" box="[151,364,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">External morphology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6AB823FF5B2A67FCECFC29" blockId="15.[151,684,1287,1666]" lastBlockId="15.[714,1248,711,1250]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
The preserved animals studied have a firm, smooth body. The body profile is high and the dorsum has low ridges arranged in a reticulate pattern (
<figureCitation id="798A2A1A9A6AB823FF532A87FF1EFA0A" box="[159,240,1448,1474]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[151,162,620,637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1247,166,581]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Halgerda orstomi n. sp., preserved specimen (MNHN MUSORSTOM 8 CP1140); A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bar: 2.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5393085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5393085/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). There are pronounced tubercles at the ridge junctions. The gill and rhinophoral pockets are smooth. The ground color of the dorsum and foot is white with a gray tinge in preservation. The tubercles have retained dark pigmentation in a ring near the apex. The
<typeStatus id="3E0A883D9A6AB823FE0C2967FDCFF9AA" box="[448,545,1608,1634]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
has a single dark spot in the depressions between the ridges. The
<typeStatus id="3E0A883D9A6AB823FD312DE8FCB7FD29" box="[765,857,711,737]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
has dark lines of pigmentation. On both the mantle and foot margins of both animals are a series of dark lines that lie perpendicular to the edge. The rhinophores are long and tapered towards the tips. The rhinophoral base is gray-white with a spot of dark pigmentation on the posterior side. Dark pigmentation circles the length of the stalk. The club is dark with a white apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6AB823FD062CC7FC73FB2A" blockId="15.[714,1248,711,1250]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">The bipinnate gill is moderately pinnate. Each of the four main gill branches is divided into three secondary branches. The base color is gray-white. Each branch has a streak of brown pigmentation the length of the anterior side. The posterior side is covered with dark spots. The anal papilla is long, white at the apex and has some dark pigment near the base.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6AB823FD062A27FC9BFAE9" blockId="15.[714,1248,1288,1666]" box="[714,885,1288,1314]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A6AB823FD062A27FC9BFAE9" box="[714,885,1288,1314]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Buccal armature</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A6AB83CFD062A07FC02F94A" blockId="15.[714,1248,1288,1666]" lastBlockId="16.[714,1247,1575,1666]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="487" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
The buccal mass is not pigmented; however, there are small dark spots at the buccal opening. The labial cuticle is smooth and devoid of any jaw rodlets. The radular sac is elongate and curves downward, behind the posterior end of the buccal mass. The radula of the
<typeStatus id="3E0A883D9A6AB823FBC02AE7FB80FA2A" box="[1036,1134,1480,1506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="87A0AE5A9A6AB823FB4C2AE7FB31FA2A" box="[1152,1247,1480,1506]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">MNHN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="87A0AE5A9A6AB823FD062AC7FC69F9CA" box="[714,903,1512,1538]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">MUSORSTOM</collectionCode>
8 CP1140) has a formula of 43 × 47.0.47. The three to four outer-most teeth (
<figureCitation id="798A2A1A9A6AB823FD1E2907FCB4F989" box="[722,858,1575,1602]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[151,162,1458,1475]" captionTargetBox="[151,1247,167,1429]" captionTargetId="graphics-53@16.[151,1247,41,1769]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Electron micrographs of H. orstomi n. sp. (MNHN MUSORSTOM 8 CP1140), radular morphology; A, outer lateral teeth; B, outer lateral teeth; C, inner lateral; D, middle lateral teeth. Scale bars: A, C, 30 µm; B, 20 µm; D, 43 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5393087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5393087/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Fig. 12A, B</figureCitation>
) are much smaller than the inner and middle lateral teeth and have short, finely divided denticles. The 20 or so inner lateral teeth (
<figureCitation id="798A2A1A9A75B83CFF532907FEE6F98A" box="[159,264,1576,1602]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[151,162,1458,1475]" captionTargetBox="[151,1247,167,1429]" captionTargetId="graphics-53@16.[151,1247,41,1769]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Electron micrographs of H. orstomi n. sp. (MNHN MUSORSTOM 8 CP1140), radular morphology; A, outer lateral teeth; B, outer lateral teeth; C, inner lateral; D, middle lateral teeth. Scale bars: A, C, 30 µm; B, 20 µm; D, 43 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5393087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5393087/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
) are smaller and have shorter hooks than the middle lateral teeth and the rows are arranged in a V-shaped pattern. The middle lateral teeth (
<figureCitation id="798A2A1A9A75B83CFCF92907FC75F98A" box="[821,923,1576,1602]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[151,162,1458,1475]" captionTargetBox="[151,1247,167,1429]" captionTargetId="graphics-53@16.[151,1247,41,1769]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Electron micrographs of H. orstomi n. sp. (MNHN MUSORSTOM 8 CP1140), radular morphology; A, outer lateral teeth; B, outer lateral teeth; C, inner lateral; D, middle lateral teeth. Scale bars: A, C, 30 µm; B, 20 µm; D, 43 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5393087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5393087/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
) are hamate with long, pointed hooks. They are flattened at mid-point and overlap the adjacent tooth.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B5CE66179A75B83CFF5B2A9DFBE6FA10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5393087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5393087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5393087/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="487" startId="16.[151,162,1458,1475]" targetBox="[151,1247,167,1429]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A75B83CFF5B2A9DFBE6FA10" blockId="16.[151,1249,1458,1496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">
FIG. 12. — Electron micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A75B83CFE082A9DFDF2FA0B" authority="Fahey &amp; Gosliner, 2000" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[452,540,1458,1475]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="487" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A75B83CFE082A9DFDF2FA0B" box="[452,540,1458,1475]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">H. orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C8F657F69A75B83CFDED2A9DFDBCFA0B" box="[545,594,1458,1475]" pageId="16" pageNumber="487" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN MUSORSTOM 8 CP1140), radular morphology;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A75B83CFBE22A9DFBD5FA0B" bold="true" box="[1070,1083,1458,1475]" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">A</emphasis>
, outer lateral teeth;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A75B83CFF5B2AE8FF4AFA10" bold="true" box="[151,164,1479,1496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
, outer lateral teeth;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A75B83CFE872AE8FEB7FA10" bold="true" box="[331,345,1479,1496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">C</emphasis>
, inner lateral;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A75B83CFE022AE8FE32FA10" bold="true" box="[462,476,1479,1496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">D</emphasis>
, middle lateral teeth. Scale bars: A, C, 30 µm; B, 20 µm; D, 43 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B5CE66179A74B83DFF5B2DB8FDEDFD35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5393089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5393089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5393089/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" startId="17.[151,162,663,680]" targetBox="[175,639,170,622]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A74B83DFF5B2DB8FDEDFD35" blockId="17.[151,685,663,766]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
FIG. 13. — Drawing of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFE982DB8FE45FD60" authority="Fahey &amp; Gosliner, 2000" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[340,427,663,680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFE982DB8FE45FD60" box="[340,427,663,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">H. orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C8F657F69A74B83DFE7D2DB8FE0FFD60" box="[433,481,663,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
reproductive morphology. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFEF82D83FEBEFD75" bold="true" box="[308,336,684,701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">am</emphasis>
, ampulla;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFE642D83FE50FD75" bold="true" box="[424,446,684,701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">bc</emphasis>
, bursa copulatrix;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFD902D83FD82FD75" bold="true" box="[604,620,684,701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">ej</emphasis>
, ejaculatory duct;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFEC52DEEFEC0FD1A" bold="true" box="[265,302,705,722]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">fgm</emphasis>
, female gland mass;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFE362DEEFDF0FD1A" bold="true" box="[506,542,705,722]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">gap</emphasis>
, genital atrium pigment;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFF222DF8FF17FD20" bold="true" box="[238,249,727,744]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">p</emphasis>
, penis;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFE892DF8FEB7FD20" bold="true" box="[325,345,727,744]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">pr</emphasis>
, prostate;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFE722DF8FE3EFD20" bold="true" box="[446,464,727,744]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">rs</emphasis>
, receptaculum seminis;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFF5B2DC3FF4FFD35" bold="true" box="[151,161,748,765]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">v</emphasis>
, vagina;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFF202DC3FEEEFD35" bold="true" box="[236,256,748,765]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">vs</emphasis>
, vaginal sphincter. Scale: 20 ×.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A74B83DFF5B2C07FE8CFC89" blockId="17.[151,684,808,1666]" box="[151,354,808,834]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFF5B2C07FE8CFC89" box="[151,354,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Reproductive system</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A74B83DFF5B2C67FCACFECA" blockId="17.[151,684,808,1666]" lastBlockId="17.[714,1247,168,258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
The reproductive system (
<figureCitation id="798A2A1A9A74B83DFE7D2C67FE10FCAA" box="[433,510,840,866]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[151,162,663,680]" captionTargetBox="[175,639,170,622]" captionTargetId="figure-586@17.[184,705,158,635]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 13. — Drawing of H. orstomi n. sp. reproductive morphology. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; ej, ejaculatory duct; fgm, female gland mass; gap, genital atrium pigment; p, penis; pr, prostate; rs, receptaculum seminis; v, vagina; vs, vaginal sphincter. Scale: 20 ×." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5393089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5393089/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) is triaulic. The ampulla is an angular tube, moderately elongate and lies flat against the female gland mass. The ampulla narrows into the postampullary duct, which bifurcates into the vas deferens and oviduct. The short oviduct enters the female gland mass. The female gland mass is about the same size as the prostate gland. The short vas deferens separates from the ampulla and widens into the glandular prostate. The prostate consists of two distinct glandular
<typeStatus id="3E0A883D9A74B83DFECF2BA8FED4FB69" box="[259,314,1159,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">types</typeStatus>
and they are well-differentiated as in most other members of
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFE602B87FDFAFB0A" box="[428,532,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFE602B87FDFEFB0A" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[428,528,1192,1218]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Halgerda</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The muscular portion of the vas deferens leaves the distal prostate in a moderately long, convoluted duct, that loops once, then enters the wide penial bulb. The relatively short uterine duct emerges from the female gland mass and joins the pyriform receptaculum seminis midway along its length. The duct connecting the receptaculum and the bursa is very long and coiled. The pyriform receptaculum seminis is much smaller than the thin-walled bursa copulatrix. The prostate completely covers the bursa copulatrix. The vaginal duct that emerges from the base of the bursa copulatrix is long and thick. At its exit at the top of the very large, bulbous vagina is a large sphincter. The common genital atrium is wide, large and has dark pigmentation on the interior that can be seen through the wall of the atrium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A74B83DFD062E08FCA2FEF7" blockId="17.[714,1247,295,1666]" box="[714,844,295,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A74B83DFD062E67FC22FD8A" blockId="17.[714,1247,295,1666]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
The external markings on the dorsum of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFD062E47FC6EFE49" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[714,896,360,386]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFD062E47FC6EFE49" box="[714,896,360,386]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unique among other members of the genus. Due to some internal morphological similarities with
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFC1F2E87FCE8FE2A" authority="Bergh, 1880" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFC1F2E87FB60FE09" box="[979,1166,423,450]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Halgerda formosa</emphasis>
Bergh, 1880
</taxonomicName>
, a comparison is made between these two species. First, in comparing the external morphology of these species, the following similarities and contrasts are noted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A74B83FFD062D67FDECFF2A" blockId="17.[714,1247,295,1666]" lastBlockId="19.[151,684,167,546]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="490" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
Both
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFCC02D67FC22FDA9" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[780,972,584,610]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFCC02D67FC22FDA9" box="[780,972,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFBC02D67FB66FDA9" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[1036,1160,583,609]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFBC02D67FB66FDA9" box="[1036,1160,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">H. formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bergh 1880; Fahey &amp; Gosliner 1999a) have distinct ridges.
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFCE02DA7FBEDFD69" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[812,1027,648,674]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFCE02DA7FBEDFD69" box="[812,1027,648,674]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has pronounced tubercles with dark pigmentation at the ridge junctures, but
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFCB62DE7FC16FD29" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[890,1016,711,737]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFCB62DE7FC16FD29" box="[890,1016,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">H. formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has low, indistinct ridges. Both
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFCAE2DC7FBCDFCC9" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[866,1059,744,770]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFCAE2DC7FBCDFCC9" box="[866,1059,744,770]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFBAF2DC7FB31FCC9" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[1123,1247,743,769]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFBAF2DC7FB31FCC9" box="[1123,1247,743,769]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">H. formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have dark spots in the depressions between the ridges, and dark perpendicular lines along the mantle edge. However, the spots on the dorsal surface of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFC8C2C47FC17FC49" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[832,1017,872,898]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFC8C2C47FC17FC49" box="[832,1017,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more numerous and of a more consistent size than those of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFD062C87FCADFC09" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[714,835,935,961]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFD062C87FCADFC09" box="[714,835,935,961]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">H. formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The lines of dark pigmentation in the ridge depressions of the
<typeStatus id="3E0A883D9A74B83DFBD42CE8FB97FC29" box="[1048,1145,967,993]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
are uniform in thickness. The dark marginal lines are also more numerous and evenly spaced on
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFD062B07FCD5FB89" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[714,827,1064,1089]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFD062B07FCD5FB89" box="[714,827,1064,1089]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">H. orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are also present on the foot margin. There are no lines on the foot of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFBB32B67FCF4FB49" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFBB32B67FCF4FB49" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Halgerda formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but there are some dark spots remaining in preservation. The pigmentation on the rhinophores also differs between the two species.
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFD062BE7FC6BFB29" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[714,901,1224,1250]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFD062BE7FC6BFB29" box="[714,901,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a single dark spot on the posterior side of the base, and dark pigmentation circling the club but not on the apex.
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFD062A07FC6AFA89" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[714,900,1319,1346]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFD062A07FC6AFA89" box="[714,900,1319,1346]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Halgerda formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has dark patches on the posterior side of the stalk and dark pigmentation on the club that extends to the apex. The gills also differ between the two species.
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFBE52AA7FB31FA69" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[1065,1247,1416,1442]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFBE52AA7FB31FA69" box="[1065,1247,1416,1442]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFD332A87FC95FA09" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[767,891,1447,1473]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFD332A87FC95FA09" box="[767,891,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">H. formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have four main branches that each divides into three secondary branches. Each branch of the gill of both species has a streak of dark pigmentation the length of the anterior side. The gill of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFC4F2907FBD7F989" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[899,1081,1576,1602]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFC4F2907FBD7F989" box="[899,1081,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has dark spots covering the posterior side and
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A74B83DFBEA2967FB31F9A9" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[1062,1247,1607,1634]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A74B83DFBEA2967FB31F9A9" box="[1062,1247,1607,1634]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Halgerda formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has dark pigmentation circling the tips of the the exterior. The genital atrium of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A76B83FFDFD2F87FD42FF09" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[561,684,167,193]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="490" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A76B83FFDFD2F87FD42FF09" box="[561,684,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="490">H. formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not have dark pigmentation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A77B83EFF5B2F87FB3EF915" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<table id="93B1C43F9A7747D3FF5B2F87FB0EF915" box="[151,1248,168,1757]" gridcols="2" gridrows="45" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2F87FB0EFF2A" box="[151,1248,168,226]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<th id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2F87FD42FF2A" box="[151,684,168,226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
branches. The anal papilla of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFE122F87FD7DFF09" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[478,659,168,194]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFE122F87FD7DFF09" box="[478,659,168,194]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is long, white at the apex and has some dark
<th id="1C505DA19A7747D3FD062F87FB0EFF2A" box="[714,1248,168,226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">pigA</th>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2FC8FB0EFECA" box="[151,1248,231,258]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2FC8FD42FECA" box="[151,684,231,258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
ment near the base. The anal papilla of
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFDAC2FC7FF25FEE9" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
H.
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2E28FB0EFEEA" box="[151,1248,263,290]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2E28FD42FEEA" box="[151,684,263,290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFD4A2FC8FF25FEE9" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">formosa</emphasis>
is long and has dark pigmentation on the
</td>
</tr>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2E08FB0EFE89" box="[151,1248,295,321]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2E08FD42FE89" box="[151,684,295,321]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">apex.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2E68FB0EFEAA" box="[151,1248,327,354]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2E68FD42FEAA" box="[151,684,327,354]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">There are differences in the radular morphology</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2E48FB0EFE4A" box="[151,1248,359,386]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2E48FD42FE4A" box="[151,684,359,386]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
of the two species.
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFEAF2E47FDF8FE49" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[355,534,360,386]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFEAF2E47FDF8FE49" box="[355,534,360,386]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has four
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2EA8FB0EFE6A" box="[151,1248,391,418]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2EA8FD42FE6A" box="[151,684,391,418]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
denticulate outer lateral teeth, whereas
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFDFE2EA7FD42FE69" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[562,684,391,417]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFDFE2EA7FD42FE69" box="[562,684,391,417]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">H. formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2E88FB0EFE0A" box="[151,1248,423,450]" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2E88FD42FE0A" box="[151,684,423,450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">has two denticulate outer teeth (Bergh 1880) or</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2EE8FB0EFE2A" box="[151,1248,455,482]" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2EE8FD42FE2A" box="[151,684,455,482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">two smooth outer teeth (Rudman 1978). The</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2EC8FB0EFDCA" box="[151,1248,487,514]" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2EC8FD42FDCA" box="[151,684,487,514]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
twenty inner lateral teeth of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFE1D2EC7FDAFFDC9" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[465,577,488,513]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFE1D2EC7FDAFFDC9" box="[465,577,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">H. orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2D28FB0EFDEA" box="[151,1248,519,546]" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2D28FD42FDEA" box="[151,684,519,546]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
smaller than the middle lateral teeth and in
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFD8F2D27FF45FD89" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
H.
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2D08FB0EFD8A" box="[151,1248,551,578]" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2D08FD42FD8A" box="[151,684,551,578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFDAB2D28FF45FD89" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">formosa</emphasis>
, the inner seven to eight teeth are smaller than
</td>
</tr>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2D67FB0EFDAA" box="[151,1248,584,610]" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2D67FB0EFDAA" box="[151,1248,584,610]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">the middle lateral teeth.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2D47FB0EFD4A" box="[151,1248,616,642]" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2D47FD42FD4A" box="[151,684,616,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
The similarities and differences in the
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2DA8FB0EFD6D" box="[151,1248,647,677]" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2DA8FD42FD6D" box="[151,684,647,677]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">reproductive morphology of the two species are as follows:</td>
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FD062DA8FB0EFD6D" box="[714,1248,647,677]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">B</td>
</tr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2D88FB0EFD0A" box="[151,1248,679,706]" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2D88FD42FD0A" box="[151,684,679,706]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
– the ampulla of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFE972D87FDFDFD09" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[347,531,680,706]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFE972D87FDFDFD09" box="[347,531,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a flattened
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2DE8FB0EFD2A" box="[151,1248,711,738]" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2DE8FD42FD2A" box="[151,684,711,738]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
tube that folds back upon itself one-third the
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2DC8FB0EFCCA" box="[151,1248,743,770]" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2DC8FD42FCCA" box="[151,684,743,770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
distance from its end. The ampulla of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFDD32DC7FD7AFCC9" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[543,660,743,769]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFDD32DC7FD7AFCC9" box="[543,660,743,769]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">H. formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
</td>
</tr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2C28FB0EFCEA" box="[151,1248,775,802]" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2C28FD42FCEA" box="[151,684,775,802]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">a rounded, elongate tube that does not fold, but</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2C07FB0EFC8A" box="[151,1248,808,834]" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2C07FD42FC8A" box="[151,684,808,834]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">has slight bends along its length;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2C68FB0EFCAA" box="[151,1248,839,866]" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2C68FD42FCAA" box="[151,684,839,866]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">– the duct connecting the receptaculum and the</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2C47FB0EFC4A" box="[151,1248,872,898]" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2C47FD42FC4A" box="[151,684,872,898]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">bursa is long and convoluted in both species;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2CA8FB0EFC6A" box="[151,1248,903,930]" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2CA8FD42FC6A" box="[151,684,903,930]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">– the vaginal ducts of both species are moderately</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2C88FB0EFC0A" box="[151,1248,935,962]" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2C88FD42FC0A" box="[151,684,935,962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
thick, but the duct of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFE572C87FDB7FC09" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[411,601,936,962]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFE572C87FDB7FC09" box="[411,601,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2CE8FB0EFC2A" box="[151,1248,967,994]" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2CE8FD42FC2A" box="[151,684,967,994]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
long, while the duct of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFE5F2CE7FDE8FC29" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[403,518,967,993]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFE5F2CE7FDE8FC29" box="[403,518,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">H. formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is short;
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2CC8FB0EFBCA" box="[151,1248,999,1026]" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2CC8FD42FBCA" box="[151,684,999,1026]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">– both species have a distinct sphincter at the exit</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2B28FB0EFBEA" box="[151,1248,1031,1058]" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2B28FD42FBEA" box="[151,684,1031,1058]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">of the vaginal duct into the vagina. However, the</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2B07FB0EFB8A" box="[151,1248,1064,1090]" gridrow="27" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2B07FD42FB8A" box="[151,684,1064,1090]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
sphincter of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFED32B07FE3DFB89" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[287,467,1064,1090]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFED32B07FE3DFB89" box="[287,467,1064,1090]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is wide and sits like
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2B68FB0EFBAA" box="[151,1248,1095,1122]" gridrow="28" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2B68FD42FBAA" box="[151,684,1095,1122]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">a beret on top of the vagina, and the sphincter of</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2B4BFB0EFB4A" box="[151,1248,1124,1154]" gridrow="29" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2B4BFD42FB4A" box="[151,684,1124,1154]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFF5B2B47FEFDFB49" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,275,1127,1153]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFF5B2B47FEFDFB49" box="[151,275,1127,1153]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">H. formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is narrow and constricts above the
</td>
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FD062B4BFB0EFB4A" box="[714,1248,1124,1154]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">C</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2BA7FB0EFB6A" box="[151,1248,1160,1186]" gridrow="30" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2BA7FD42FB6A" box="[151,684,1160,1186]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">bulbous vagina;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2B88FB0EFB0A" box="[151,1248,1191,1218]" gridrow="31" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2B88FD42FB0A" box="[151,684,1191,1218]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">– the vagina in both species is bulbous, but</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2BE8FB0EFB2A" box="[151,1248,1223,1250]" gridrow="32" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2BE8FD42FB2A" box="[151,684,1223,1250]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFF5B2BE7FEA4FB29" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,330,1224,1250]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFF5B2BE7FEA4FB29" box="[151,330,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a very large, rounded vagina
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2BC7FB0EFACA" box="[151,1248,1256,1282]" gridrow="33" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2BC7FD42FACA" box="[151,684,1256,1282]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">that is larger than the penial bulb. The vagina of</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2A28FB0EFAEA" box="[151,1248,1287,1314]" gridrow="34" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2A28FD42FAEA" box="[151,684,1287,1314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFF5B2A27FEA1FAE9" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,335,1287,1314]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFF5B2A27FEA1FAE9" box="[151,335,1287,1314]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">Halgerda formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is narrower and constricts
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2A08FB0EFA8A" box="[151,1248,1319,1346]" gridrow="35" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2A08FD42FA8A" box="[151,684,1319,1346]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
before joining the similarly-sized penis at the
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2A68FB0EFAAA" box="[151,1248,1351,1378]" gridrow="36" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2A68FD42FAAA" box="[151,684,1351,1378]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">common atrium;</td>
</tr>
</td>
</tr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2A48FB0EFA4A" box="[151,1248,1383,1410]" gridrow="37" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2A48FD42FA4A" box="[151,684,1383,1410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
– the ejaculatory duct of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFE062A47FD7EFA49" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[458,656,1384,1410]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFE062A47FD7EFA49" box="[458,656,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2AA8FB0EFA6A" box="[151,1248,1415,1442]" gridrow="38" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2AA8FD42FA6A" box="[151,684,1415,1442]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">moderately long when compared to the duct of</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2A88FB0EFA0A" box="[151,1248,1447,1474]" gridrow="39" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2A88FD42FA0A" box="[151,684,1447,1474]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFF5B2A87FEE5FA09" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,267,1447,1473]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFF5B2A87FEE5FA09" box="[151,267,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">H. formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which is extremely long and
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2AE7FB0EFA2A" box="[151,1248,1480,1506]" gridrow="40" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2AE7FD42FA2A" box="[151,684,1480,1506]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">convoluted;</td>
</tr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2AC8FB0EF9CA" box="[151,1248,1511,1538]" gridrow="41" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2AC8FD42F9CA" box="[151,684,1511,1538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
– the two-part prostate of both
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFE3B2AC7FD42F9C9" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[503,684,1512,1538]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFE3B2AC7FD42F9C9" box="[503,684,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2929FB0EF98A" box="[151,1248,1542,1602]" gridrow="42" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2929FD42F98A" box="[151,684,1542,1602]" gridcol="0" gridrow="42" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
and
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFF0B2927FED5F9E9" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" box="[199,315,1543,1569]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFF0B2927FED5F9E9" box="[199,315,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">H. formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is well-differentiated. The prostate of both species covers the bursa copulatrix;
</td>
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FD062929FB0EF98A" box="[714,1248,1542,1602]" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
FIG. 14. — Three previously described
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFBDA2929FB45F9DF" box="[1046,1195,1542,1559]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFBDA2929FB8FF9DF" box="[1046,1121,1542,1559]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">Halgerda</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
; living specimens from the deep sea;
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFC1A2934FC0DF9E4" bold="true" box="[982,995,1563,1580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">A</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFC232934FB74F9E4" authorityName="Carlson &amp; Hoff" authorityYear="1993" box="[1007,1178,1563,1580]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brunneomaculata">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFC232934FB74F9E4" box="[1007,1178,1563,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">H. brunneomaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN MUSORSTOM 10 CP1364);
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFC3F291FFBEEF989" bold="true" box="[1011,1024,1584,1601]" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">B</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFBD5291FFB64F989" authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1978" box="[1049,1162,1584,1601]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carlsoni">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFBD5291FFB64F989" box="[1049,1162,1584,1601]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">H. carlsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B2969FB0EF94A" box="[151,1248,1606,1666]" gridrow="43" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B2969FD42F94A" box="[151,684,1606,1666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="43" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
– the genital atrium of
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFE592967FDA7F9A9" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[405,585,1608,1634]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFE592967FDA7F9A9" box="[405,585,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has dark pigmentation on the inside that is visible from
</td>
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FD062969FB0EF94A" box="[714,1248,1606,1666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="43" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
MUSORSTOM 10 CP1364);
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFC2B2969FC1BF99F" bold="true" box="[999,1013,1606,1623]" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">C</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A77B83EFBC52969FB60F99F" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="1999" box="[1033,1166,1606,1623]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dalanghita">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A77B83EFBC52969FB60F99F" box="[1033,1166,1606,1623]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">H. dalanghita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN MUSORSTOM 10 CP1364). Scale bars: A, 3 mm; B, 2 mm; C, 2.5 mm.
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5F8134DD9A7747D3FF5B29ECFB0EF915" box="[151,1248,1731,1757]" gridrow="44" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FF5B29ECFD42F915" box="[151,684,1731,1757]" gridcol="0" gridrow="44" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<pageTitle id="A12EEEF89A77B83EFF5B29ECFE6CF91A" box="[151,386,1731,1746]" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">ZOOSYSTEMA • 2000 • 22 (3)</pageTitle>
</td>
<td id="1C505DA19A7747D3FD0629ECFB0EF915" box="[714,1248,1731,1757]" gridcol="1" gridrow="44" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">
<pageNumber id="D11A3D499A77B83EFB6429EAFB3EF915" ambiguity="1" box="[1192,1232,1733,1757]" fuzzyness="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="489" score="216.0" value="489">
<pageTitle id="A12EEEF89A77B83EFB6429EAFB3EF915" box="[1192,1232,1733,1757]" pageId="18" pageNumber="489">489</pageTitle>
</pageNumber>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A76B83FFF5B2FC7FF25FEAA" blockId="19.[151,684,167,546]" pageId="19" pageNumber="490">
Although there are some similarities between the two species, it is evident that
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A76B83FFE1C2E27FD6DFEE9" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[464,643,264,290]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="490" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A76B83FFE1C2E27FD6DFEE9" box="[464,643,264,290]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="490">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a new species with distinct characteristics particular to it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A76B83FFF5B2E47FD6AFDE9" blockId="19.[151,684,167,546]" pageId="19" pageNumber="490">
The known geographical and bathymetrical ranges of these species differs markedly.
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A76B83FFD862EA7FF09FE09" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1880" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="490" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A76B83FFD862EA7FF09FE09" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="490">Halgerda formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found in the Indian Ocean, from
<collectingCountry id="99A6760F9A76B83FFF5B2EE7FEF0FE2A" box="[151,286,456,482]" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="490">South Africa</collectingCountry>
to Western Australia at depths above
<specimenCount id="F7B7FD169A76B83FFF5B2EC7FF38FDC9" box="[151,214,487,514]" pageId="19" pageNumber="490" type="generic">
<quantity id="26499B7A9A76B83FFF5B2EC7FF3FFDC9" box="[151,209,487,514]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="490" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A76B83FFF172EC7FE63FDC9" authorityName="Fahey &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2000" box="[219,397,488,514]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Halgerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="490" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orstomi">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A76B83FFF172EC7FE63FDC9" box="[219,397,488,514]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="490">Halgerda orstomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found in the western Pacific Ocean at depths exceeding
<specimenCount id="F7B7FD169A76B83FFDFB2D27FD6AFDE9" box="[567,644,519,546]" pageId="19" pageNumber="490" type="generic">
<quantity id="26499B7A9A76B83FFDFB2D27FD91FDE9" box="[567,639,519,546]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="19" pageNumber="490" unit="m" value="160.0">160 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E10E369F9A76B83FFF612D66FD7BFDAB" blockId="19.[173,661,585,672]" box="[173,661,585,611]" pageId="19" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="26B14D1C9A76B83FFF612D66FD7BFDAB" box="[173,661,585,611]" pageId="19" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="D3C5EA8D9A76B83FFF612D66FE34FDAB" bold="true" box="[173,474,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="490">Halgerda brunneomaculata</emphasis>
Carlson &amp; Hoff,
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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