393 lines
42 KiB
XML
393 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.181.2932" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6a6ec846-0e8c-4550-aa08-571c032264f7" ID-PMC="PMC3332023" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-181-79" ID-PubMed="22539913" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-181-79" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 181" ModsDocTitle="A new sexannulate species of Orobdella (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Orobdellidae) from Yakushima Island, Japan" checkinTime="1451249156893" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nakano, Takafumi" docDate="2012" docId="637F441E75C983A71F0C2E0F6FFC02FF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 181: 79-93" docOrigin="ZooKeys 181" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.181.2932" docTitle="Orobdella mononoke Nakano, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="9D39FFA46460FFF5403EFF819C604060" masterDocTitle="A new sexannulate species of Orobdella (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Orobdellidae) from Yakushima Island, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1668153626747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new sexannulate species of Orobdella (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Orobdellidae) from Yakushima Island, Japan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nakano, Takafumi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>181</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>79</mods:start>
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<mods:end>93</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.181.2932</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.181.2932</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-181-79</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152034507" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B4ED1DA-E1B9-49A8-8B58-014A0921695C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/637F441E75C983A71F0C2E0F6FFC02FF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B4ED1DA-E1B9-49A8-8B58-014A0921695C" class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="82" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="82">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 2-5
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="3" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">
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In life, dorsal surface of somites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–XIII">I-XIII</normalizedToken>
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, XXVII and caudal sucker grayish purple and of somites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="XIV–XXVI">XIV-XXVI</normalizedToken>
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amber, ventral surface grayish white. Somite VI
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="83" start="start">quadrannulate</pageBreakToken>
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on dorsal, b1 = b2 <a2 = a3, and triannulate on venter, a1 = a2 = a3. Somite VII quadrannulate, somites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VIII–XXV">VIII-XXV</normalizedToken>
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sexannulate, somite XXVI quinquannulate. Pharynx reaching to XIV. Gastropore conspicucous at XIII b2 (slightly anterior to middle of annulus). Gastroporal duct, winding at junction with gastropore, tubular but slightly bulbous at junction with crop. Male gonopore at XI c11/c12, female gonopore at XIII b2, behind gastropore, gonopores separated by 8 + 1/2 annuli. Paired epididymides in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="XV–XIX">XV-XIX</normalizedToken>
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(approximately four somites). Atrial cornua developed, ovate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="type materials">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Type materials.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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KUZ Z224, holotype, dissected, collected from under a rock along a mountain trail at
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Shiratani–unsuikyo">Shiratani-unsuikyo</normalizedToken>
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, Yakushima, Kagoshima Pref. (Yakushima Island), Japan (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="30.379667">30°22.78'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="130.57483">130°34.49'E</geoCoordinate>
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; Alt. 648 m), by Takafumi Nakano on 29 October, 2011.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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Four paratypes collected from under rocks along mountain trails in Yakushima, Kagoshima Pref. (Yakushima Island), Japan, by Takafumi Nakano. Two specimens from the type locality: KUZ Z221 (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="30.381166">30°22.87'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="130.578">130°34.68'E</geoCoordinate>
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; Alt. 649 m), dissected, on 28 October, 2011, and KUZ Z225 (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="30.379168">30°22.75'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="130.57483">130°34.49'E</geoCoordinate>
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; Alt. 646 m), on 29 October, 2011. Two specimens from Kusugawa on 28 October, 2011: KUZ Z222 (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="30.396">30°23.76'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="130.5875">130°35.25'E</geoCoordinate>
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; Alt. 363 m), and KUZ Z223 (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="30.395834">30°23.75'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="130.5875">130°35.25'E</geoCoordinate>
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; Alt. 363 m), dissected.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">The specific name is from the Japanese animation movie title 'Mononoke-hime (Princess Mononoke)'. The type locality of this new species is the origin of an epic forest in that movie. The specific name is a Japanese word, not a Latin or latinized word.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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Body firm, muscular, elongated, gaining regularly in width in caudal direction, dorso-ventral depressed, sides nearly parallel from mid length to point just anterior to caudal sucker, BL 139.3 mm, BW 9.2 mm (Figs 2, 3).
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="84" start="start">Caudal</pageBreakToken>
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sucker ventral, oval, its diameter smaller than BW (Figs 3B, 4D). In life, dorsal surface of somites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–XIII">I-XIII</normalizedToken>
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, XXVII and caudal sucker grayish purple, and of somites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="XIV–XXVI">XIV-XXVI</normalizedToken>
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amber (Fig. 2), ventral surface grayish white. Color faded in preservative, without any dark lines (Fig. 3).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, KUZ Z224, taken of live animal, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, KUZ Z224. A Dorsal and B ventral views. Scale bar, 1 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, KUZ Z224. A Dorsal view of somites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VIII">I-VIII</normalizedToken>
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B ventral view of somites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VIII">I-VIII</normalizedToken>
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C dorsal view of somites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="XXV–XXVII">XXV-XXVII</normalizedToken>
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and caudal sucker D ventral view of somites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="XXV–XXVII">XXV-XXVII</normalizedToken>
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and caudal sucker E ventral view of somites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="XI–XIII">XI-XIII</normalizedToken>
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F ventral view of gastroporal duct; and G ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. Scale bars, 2 mm (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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) and 0.5 mm (G). Abbreviations: an, anus; cp, crop; fp, female gonopore; gd, gastroporal duct; gp, gastropore; mp, male gonopore; np, nephridiopore; and ph, pharynx.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="85" start="start">Somite</pageBreakToken>
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I completely merged with prostomium (Fig. 4A). Somites II and III uniannulate (Fig. 4A). Somites IV and V biannulate, (a1+a2) = a3 (Fig. 4A), V a3 forming posterior margin of oral sucker (Fig. 4B). Somite VI quadrannulate on dorsal, b1 = b2 <a2 = a3, triannulate on venter, a1 = a2 = a3 (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). Somite VII quadrannulate, a1 = a2 = b5 = b6 (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). Somites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VIII–XXV">VIII-XXV</normalizedToken>
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sexannulate. b1 = b2 = a2 = b5 = c11 = c12 (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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). Somite XXVI quinquannulate, b1 = b2 = a2 <b5 = b6, b5 and b6 with slight furrows on dorsal (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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), XXVI b5 being last complete annulus on venter (Fig. 4D). Somite XXVII comprising a few furrows; anus behind it with no post-anal annulus (Fig. 4C).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
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Anterior ganglionic mass in VI a2 and a3. Ganglion VII in a1 and a2. Ganglia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VIII–XV">VIII-XV</normalizedToken>
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, XXII and XXIII in a2 of each somite (Fig. 5A). Ganglia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="XVI–XXI">XVI-XXI</normalizedToken>
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and XXIV in b2 and a2 of each somite (Fig. 5A). Ganglion XXV in b2. Ganglion XXVI in XXV c12 and XXVI b1. Posterior ganglionic mass in XXVI a2 and b5.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
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Eyes three pairs, first pair dorsally on posterior margin of II (Fig. 4A), second pair dorsolaterally on middle of V (a1 + a2). Nephridiopores in 17 pairs, ventrally at posterior margin of a1 of each somite of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VIII–XXIV">VIII-XXIV</normalizedToken>
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(Fig. 4B, E). Papillae numerous, minute, hardly visible, one row on every annulus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Pharynx agnathous, euthylaematous, reaching to XIV/XV (Fig. 4F). Crop tubular, acaecate, in XIV/XV to XXI b2/a2. Gastropore conspicuous, ventral, located slightly anterior to middle of XIII b2 (Fig. 4E, G). Gastroporal duct, winding at junction with gastropore, tubular but slightly bulbous at junction with crop, joining with crop in XIV c11 (Fig. 4F). Intestine tubular, acaecate, in XXI b2/a2 to XXIV b2/a2. Rectum, tubular, thin-walled.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
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Male gonopore in the furrow of XI c11/c12 (Fig. 4E). Female gonopore located slightly anterior to middle of XIII b2, inconspicuous, located behind gastropore (Fig. 4E, G). Gonopores separated by 8 + 1/2 annuli (Fig. 4E). Testisacs multiple, one or two testisacs on each side in each annulus, in XIX c11 to XXV b5 (Fig. 5A). Paired epididymides in XVI b2 to XIX b5 (Fig. 5A). Ejaculatory bulbs absent. Ejaculatory ducts in XI b5 to XVI b2, loosely coiled, each winding from each junction with epididymis, narrowing at junction with atrial cornu, then turning sharply inward toward atrial cornu without pre-atrial loop (Fig. 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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). Pair of atrial cornua in XI b5 and c11, muscular, ovate (Fig. 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, D). Atrium short, muscular, globular in XI c11 and c12 (Fig. 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
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). Penis sheath and penis absent. Ovisacs one pair, thin-walled, globular, in XIII a2 and b5 (Fig. 5A, E). Oviducts thin-walled, right oviduct crossing ventrally beneath nerve cord, both oviducts converging into common oviduct in XIII b2 (Fig. 5A, E). Common oviduct thin-walled, short, directly ascending to female gonopore (Fig. 5E).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
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Figure 5.
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<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, KUZ Z224. A Dorsal view of reproductive system including ventral nervous system B dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI C lateral view of male atrium D ventral view of male atrium; and E dorsal view of female reproductive system including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars, 5 mm (A) and 1 mm (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
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). Abbreviations: ac, atrial cornu; at, atrium; cod, common oviduct; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epididymis; gp, gastropore; o, ovisac; od, oviduct; and ts, testisac.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
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In life, color generally same as holotype (Fig. 2). Somites III and IV uniannulate. Pharynx reaching to XIV b5/c11-XIV c11/c12. Crop reaching to XXI b2/a2-XXI a2. Gastroporal duct joining with crop in XIV b5; immature specimen (KUZ Z223), simple tubular. Intestine reaching to XXIV b1-XXIV b5. Testisacs in XIX b1 to XXIV c11.
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<taxonomicName genus="Epididymides" lsidName="Epididymides" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Epididymides</taxonomicName>
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in XV a2 to XVIII c11. Immature specimen (KUZ Z223), pair of atrial cornua in XI c11, fusiform. Left oviduct crossing ventrally beneath nerve cord
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="86" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Known from mountainous regions of Yakushima Island, Japan (Fig. 1).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="86" type="phylogenetic position">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Phylogenetic position.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
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The ML tree with ln L = -14306.80 (Fig. 6) was nearly identical to the obtained BI tree (not shown). Monophyly of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Orobdella</taxonomicName>
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was confirmed (BS = 99 %, BPP = 100 %). The genus
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<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Orobdella</taxonomicName>
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then divided into two clades: clade A (BS = 99 %, BPP = 100 %) consisted of two species from Hokkaido, Japan,
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<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella kawakatsuorum" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kawakatsuorum">Orobdella kawakatsuorum</taxonomicName>
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Richardson, 1975 and
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<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella koikei" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="koikei">Orobdella koikei</taxonomicName>
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; and clade B (BS = 98 %, BPP = 100 %) included all the other
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<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Orobdella</taxonomicName>
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species. Clade B comprised two subclades: subclade B1 was
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<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella tsushimensis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsushimensis">Orobdella tsushimensis</taxonomicName>
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Nakano, 2011 from Tsushima Island, Japan; and subclade B2 (BS = 70 %, BPP = 100 %) was further divided into two subclades. Subclade B2a (BS = 92 %, BPP = 100 %) included
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<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.,
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<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella esulcata" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="esulcata">Orobdella esulcata</taxonomicName>
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Nakano, 2010 from Kyushu, and two
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Orobdella</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from the Ryukyu Archipelago,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella dolichopharynx" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dolichopharynx">Orobdella dolichopharynx</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella shimadae" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="shimadae">Orobdella shimadae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subclade B2b (BS = 73 %, BPP = 100 %) consisted of three species from Honshu, Japan,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella whitmani" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="whitmani">Orobdella whitmani</taxonomicName>
|
||
Oka, 1895,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella ijimai" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ijimai">Orobdella ijimai</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella octonaria" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="octonaria">Orobdella octonaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Figure 6. The ML tree of 4167 bp of nuclear 18S rDNA and histone H3 and mitochondrial COI, tRNACys, tRNAMet, 12S rDNA, tRNAVal and 16S rDNA. A species name in green indicates a quadrannulate species; in red, sexannulate; and in blue, octannulate. The numbers associated with the nodes represent the bootstrap values for ML (BS)/ and Baysian posterior probabilities (BPPs). BS higher than 70% and/or BPP higher than 95% are indicated.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
In subclade B2a, monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella dolichopharynx" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dolichopharynx">Orobdella dolichopharynx</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella shimadae" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="shimadae">Orobdella shimadae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was well supported (BS = 93 %, BPP = 100 %). However, the precise phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. in the sublcade could not be determined. In the ML analysis,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella esulcata" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="esulcata">Orobdella esulcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a monophyletic clade, but this clade was not supported well (BS = 30 %). In the BI analysis,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and two Ryukyu Archipelago species formed a monophyletic clade, but this relationship was not also supported (BPP = 77 %).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differs from the three other sexannulate congeneric species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella ijimai" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ijimai">Orobdella ijimai</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella dolichopharynx" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dolichopharynx">Orobdella dolichopharynx</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella shimadae" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="shimadae">Orobdella shimadae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the following characteristics (Table 3): 1) dorsal surface bicolor,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–XIII">I-XIII</normalizedToken>
|
||
, XXVII and caudal sucker grayish purple,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="XIV–XXVI">XIV-XXVI</normalizedToken>
|
||
amber; 2) VI quadrannulate on dorsal; 3) VII quadrannulate; 4) VIII sexannulate; 5) gonopores separated by 8 + 1/2 annuli; 6) pharynx reaching to XIV; 7) gastroporal duct tubular but bulbous at junction with crop; 8) epididymides in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="XV–XIX">XV-XIX</normalizedToken>
|
||
(approximately four somites); and 9) atrial cornua ovate.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is clearly distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella esulcata" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="esulcata">Orobdella esulcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella kawakatsuorum" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kawakatsuorum">Orobdella kawakatsuorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella koikei" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="koikei">Orobdella koikei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella tsushimensis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsushimensis">Orobdella tsushimensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella octonaria" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="octonaria">Orobdella octonaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella whitmani" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="whitmani">Orobdella whitmani</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having mid-body somites that are sexannulate; they are quadrannulate in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella esulcata" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="esulcata">Orobdella esulcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella kawakatsuorum" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kawakatsuorum">Orobdella kawakatsuorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella koike" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="koike">Orobdella koike</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella tsushimensis" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tsushimensis">Orobdella tsushimensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella whitmani" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="whitmani">Orobdella whitmani</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and octannulate in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella octonaria" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="octonaria">Orobdella octonaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="48E8063A3B35DF4D3A8644BC4344AB55" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/48E8063A3B35DF4D3A8644BC4344AB55" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Table 3. Comparisons of morphological characters between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and three sexannulate congeneric species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rowspan="1">Character</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella dolichopharynx" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dolichopharynx">Orobdella dolichopharynx</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella ijimai" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ijimai">Orobdella ijimai</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella shimadae" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="shimadae">Orobdella shimadae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
The trees obtained in this study are nearly identical to those obtained in other phylogenetic analyses of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Orobdella</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nakano, T" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" pagination="9 - 30" title="A new species of Orobdella (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Gastrostomobdellidae) and redescription of O. kawakatsuorum from Hokkaido, Japan with the phylogenetic position of the new species." url="10.3897/zookeys.169.2425" volume="169" year="2012">Nakano 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nakano, T" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" pagination="9 - 30" title="A new species of Orobdella (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Gastrostomobdellidae) and redescription of O. kawakatsuorum from Hokkaido, Japan with the phylogenetic position of the new species." url="10.3897/zookeys.169.2425" volume="169" year="2012">Nakano et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. still remains uncertain. Further taxon samplings will be needed to obtain robust phylogeny of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Orobdella</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. inhabits Yakushima Island, which is located in the northern part of the Ryukyu Archipelago (Fig. 1). In the Ryukyu Archipelago, two sexannulate
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Orobdella</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have been described: 1)
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella dolichopharynx" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dolichopharynx">Orobdella dolichopharynx</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Amamioshima Island; and 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella shimadae" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="shimadae">Orobdella shimadae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Okinawajima Island. These two species have the following characteristics in common: 1) long pharynx, reaching to somite XVI; 2) rudimentary gastroporal duct and absence of gastropore; 3) absence of epididymides;
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="87" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
||
4) absence of male atrial cornua. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is a sexannulate species, this species does not share such morphological characteristics.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. possesses 1) normal length pharynx for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="87" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Orobdella</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2) developed gastroporal duct and conspicuous gastropore, 3) epididymides in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="XV–XIX">XV-XIX</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4) ovate atrial cornua. Molecular phylogenetic analyses in this study also could not show
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="88" start="start">monophyly</pageBreakToken>
|
||
of the three species in the Ryukyu Archipelago,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella dolichopharynx" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dolichopharynx">Orobdella dolichopharynx</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella shimadae" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="shimadae">Orobdella shimadae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These differences of morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is not closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella dolichoharynx" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dolichoharynx">Orobdella dolichoharynx</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella shimadae" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="shimadae">Orobdella shimadae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In vertebrates, the fauna of the Osumi Islands, in which Yaushima Island is included, is related to that of Kyushu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="88">Toda et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the case of leeches,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Haemadipsidae" genus="Haemadipsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haemadipsa japonica" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="japonica">Haemadipsa japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Whitman, 1886, which inhabits Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan, is distributed in Yakushima Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="88">Itoh 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago south of Yakushima Island, however, another species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Haemadipsidae" genus="Haemadipsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haemadipsa rjukjuana" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rjukjuana">Haemadipsa rjukjuana</taxonomicName>
|
||
Oka, 1910, is distributed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lai, Y-T" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 22" title="Three species of land leeches from Taiwan, Haemadipsa rjukjuana comb. n., a new record for Haemadipsa picta Moore, and an updated description of Tritetrabdella taiwana (Oka)." url="10.3897/zookeys.139.1711" volume="139" year="2011">Lai et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A recent molecular phylogenetic study revealed that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Haemadipsidae" genus="Haemadipsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haemadipsa japonica" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="japonica">Haemadipsa japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Haemadipsidae" genus="Haemadipsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haemadipsa rjukjuana" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rjukjuana">Haemadipsa rjukjuana</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not closely related species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borda, E" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" pagination="456 - 472" title="Insights into the evolutionary history of Indo-Pacific bloodfeeding terrestrial leeches (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipisdae)." url="10.1071/IS10013" volume="24" year="2011">Borda and Siddall 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These facts are collateral evidence that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella mononoke" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mononoke">Orobdella mononoke</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is not very closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella dolichopharynx" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dolichopharynx">Orobdella dolichopharynx</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella shimadae" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="shimadae">Orobdella shimadae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Whether or not this is true, additional inventory surveys and molecular phylogenetic studies are needed to reveal the phylogenetic relationships within and the biogeographical history of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hirudinida" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Orobdella" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="88" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Orobdella</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |