423 lines
61 KiB
XML
423 lines
61 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="901BF73062518739637A2B3A32133F3E">Morphological and molecular characters reveal the status of Pedesta rubella (Devyatkin, 1996) stat. n. and P. similissima (Devyatkin, 2002) syn. n. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D0ACFA45441326F2064D229AF687C583">Li, Meng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="38BB7928691C0DD934AAA54E8A0F6EAC">Monastyrkii, Alexander L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B5D5C7274088FC8FCA2E0AE8C53814B">Kolesnichenko, Kirill A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="42BF0A534801FFD2E1215D9A69759860">Liu, Zihao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6FD17DF709731B746A2EEBFD6C704FAE">Xue, Guoxi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F6EDB7E603CDF6C5A23E774B0671810D">Long, Jifeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="79820769F43AE9AD007A4407CB3092B8">Tang, Huaxing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BCBDACE83955FE1040081644A24A56A5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="266DDFD1D692E79BFC64107395763141">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9D37555167EB5F06A458C124AD9EFAD4">2020-02-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="85345473358608EAC1D51C7C67B5C558">4743</mods:number>
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<treatment id="324D5E3F9A74FFFD3589FF7BA643FCF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687990" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162267598" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3687990" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:324D5E3F9A74FFFD3589FF7BA643FCF2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/324D5E3F9A74FFFD3589FF7BA643FCF2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="223" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">
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<subSubSection id="F2FEBCA29A74FFFF3589FF7BA5C6FF50" box="[151,658,153,180]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A74FFFF3589FF7BA5C6FF50" blockId="4.[151,658,153,215]" box="[151,658,153,180]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">
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<heading id="E11358459A74FFFF3589FF7BA5C6FF50" bold="true" box="[151,658,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF3589FF7BA5C6FF50" bold="true" box="[151,658,153,180]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">
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<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF3589FF7BA562FF57" authority="(Devyatkin, 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[151,566,153,180]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
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<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF3589FF7BA605FF50" bold="true" box="[151,337,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Pedesta rubella</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="DE7592D89A74FFFF347FFF7BA57AFF57" author="Devyatkin, A. L." box="[353,558,153,179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" pagination="595 - 604" refId="ref5727" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. (1996) New Hesperiidae from north Vietnam, with the description of a new genus (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Atalanta, 27 (3 / 4), 595 - 604." type="journal article" year="1996">Devyatkin, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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stat. n.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F2FEBCA29A74FFFF3589FF5FA636FF33" box="[151,354,189,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A74FFFF3589FF5FA636FF33" blockId="4.[151,658,153,215]" box="[151,354,189,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">
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(
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<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF35BEFF5FA7B0FF33" box="[160,228,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1905,1930]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,1301,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[154,1432,1301,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Pedesta rubella stat. n. a. adult, dorsal side. b. ditto, ventral side. c. label. d. tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. e. right valva, outer side. f. left valva, outer side. g. aedeagus, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687825/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF35EEFF5FA60DFF33" box="[240,345,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Figs. 3–8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F2FEBCA29A74FFFF3589FEE0A213FEB3" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF3589FEE0A5C2FEFE" authority="Devyatkin, 1996: 603" authorityName="Devyatkin" authorityPageNumber="603" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,662,257,282]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Thoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="submacula" subSpecies="rubella">
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<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF3589FEE0A6E1FEFE" box="[151,437,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Thoressa submacula rubella</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3B45C9389A74FFFF34A4FEE3A5C2FEFE" author="Devyatkin, A. L." box="[442,662,257,282]" page="603" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" year="1996">
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<bibRefCitation id="DE7592D89A74FFFF34A4FEE3A5C2FEFE" author="Devyatkin, A. L." box="[442,662,257,282]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" pagination="595 - 604" refId="ref5727" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. (1996) New Hesperiidae from north Vietnam, with the description of a new genus (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Atalanta, 27 (3 / 4), 595 - 604." type="journal article" year="1996">Devyatkin, 1996: 603</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<typeStatus id="655F518B9A74FFFF37BEFEE0A598FEFE" box="[672,716,258,282]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">type</typeStatus>
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locality: near Moc-Chau, northern
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<collectingCountry id="C2F3AFB99A74FFFF3133FEE3A3D2FEFE" box="[1069,1158,257,282]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="3B45C9389A74FFFF3191FEE3A677FEDC" author="Monastyrskii, A. L. & Devyatkin, A. L." page="77" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" year="2015">
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<bibRefCitation id="DE7592D89A74FFFF3191FEE3A677FEDC" author="Monastyrskii, A. L. & Devyatkin, A. L." pageId="4" pageNumber="221" refId="ref6199" refString="Monastyrskii, A. L. & Devyatkin, A. L. (2015) Butterflies of Vietnam (an illustrated checklist). 2 nd Edition. Planorama Meida Co., Ltd, Hanoi, 95 pp., 17 pls." type="book" year="2015">Monastyrskii & Devyatkin 2015: 77</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A74FFFF3589FEDDA213FEB3" blockId="4.[151,1437,257,343]" box="[151,1351,318,343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9AF4C8079A74FFFF3589FEDDA213FEB3" box="[151,1351,318,343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">
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<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF3589FEDDA519FEB3" ID-CoL="56KR7" authority=": Devyatkin 2002: 128" authorityName=": Devyatkin" authorityPageNumber="128" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,589,318,343]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Thoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submacula">
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<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF3589FEDDA633FEB3" box="[151,359,319,343]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Thoressa submacula</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="3B45C9389A74FFFF346BFEDCA519FEB3" author="Devyatkin, A. L." box="[373,589,318,343]" page="128" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="DE7592D89A74FFFF346BFEDCA519FEB3" author="Devyatkin, A. L." box="[373,589,318,343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" pagination="127 - 135" refId="ref5768" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. (2002) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 11. New taxa of the subfamily Hesperiinae (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta, 33 (1 / 2), 127 - 135." type="journal article" year="2002">Devyatkin 2002: 128</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 2 (misidentification);
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<treatmentCitation id="3B45C9389A74FFFF3643FEDCA365FEB3" author="Ikeda, K. & Nishimura, M. & Inagaki, H." box="[861,1073,318,343]" page="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="DE7592D89A74FFFF3643FEDCA365FEB3" author="Ikeda, K. & Nishimura, M. & Inagaki, H." box="[861,1073,318,343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" pagination="58 - 66" refId="ref6101" refString="Ikeda, K., Nishimura, M. & Inagaki, H. (2001) Butterflies of Cuc Phuong National Park in northern Vietnam (5). Butterflies, 30, 58 - 66." type="journal article" year="2001">
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Ikeda
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||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF3682FEA2A49CFEB3" box="[924,968,319,343]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">et al</emphasis>
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. 2001: 64
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 21 (misidentification).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F2FEBCA29A74FFFE3589FE67A391FE4B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A74FFFF3589FE67A4EBFCE3" blockId="4.[151,1437,389,776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">
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<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF3589FE67A646FE44" bold="true" box="[151,274,389,416]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Based upon specimens examined and field investigation, the wing pattern variability of
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<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF31F2FE67A2C8FE7B" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1260,1436,389,415]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
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<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF31F2FE67A2C8FE7B" box="[1260,1436,389,415]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Pedesta rubella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
is recognized as follows: on the forewing, subapical spots in spaces R
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<subScript id="2660ED6C9A74FFFF36AAFE59A4E8FE2D" attach="left" box="[948,956,443,457]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">4</subScript>
|
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–R
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<subScript id="2660ED6C9A74FFFF36C3FE59A4B1FE2D" attach="left" box="[989,997,443,457]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">5</subScript>
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may be wide and strip shaped (
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<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF304FFE4BA2C2FE27" box="[1361,1430,425,451]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF3589FE2FA7ADFE0C" box="[151,249,461,488]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="11.[151,250,935,960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 25. Pedesta rubella stat. n. in Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. Photographed by Guoxi Xue, April 5, 2019." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687843/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 25b</figureCitation>
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), or narrow and dot like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF373EFE2FA5DAFE03" box="[544,654,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Figs. 4–7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF3785FE2FA5A9FE0C" box="[667,765,461,488]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="11.[151,250,935,960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 25. Pedesta rubella stat. n. in Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. Photographed by Guoxi Xue, April 5, 2019." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687843/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 25a</figureCitation>
|
||
); on the dorsal side, the dot in space R
|
||
<subScript id="2660ED6C9A74FFFF31A2FE3DA390FE09" attach="left" box="[1212,1220,479,493]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">3</subScript>
|
||
may be prominent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF3581FE13A65FFDE8" box="[159,267,497,524]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Figs. 3, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) or nearly vanish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF34FFFE13A51BFDE8" box="[481,591,497,524]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
|
||
); the lower cell spot is sometimes elongated toward wing base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF303FFE13A2D9FDE8" box="[1313,1421,497,524]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Figs. 4, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), or equally sized with the upper one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF3720FDF7A5F9FDD4" box="[574,685,533,560]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Figs. 3, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), or even smaller (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF3699FDF7A499FDD4" box="[903,973,533,560]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); spots in spaces M
|
||
<subScript id="2660ED6C9A74FFFF31ACFDC5A3EEFDD1" attach="left" box="[1202,1210,551,565]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">3</subScript>
|
||
and CuA
|
||
<subScript id="2660ED6C9A74FFFF3037FDC5A265FDD1" attach="left" box="[1321,1329,551,565]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">1</subScript>
|
||
are wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF35BEFDDBA7B5FDB7" box="[160,225,569,595]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) or relatively narrower (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF34EAFDDBA563FDB0" box="[500,567,569,596]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the ventral side of the hindwing, two basal spots in space Sc+R
|
||
<subScript id="2660ED6C9A74FFFF302BFDA9A269FDBD" attach="left" box="[1333,1341,587,601]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">1</subScript>
|
||
are well separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF340CFDBFA6C9FD9C" box="[274,413,605,632]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Figs. 4, 6, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF34B4FDBFA55DFD9C" box="[426,521,605,632]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="11.[151,250,935,960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 25. Pedesta rubella stat. n. in Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. Photographed by Guoxi Xue, April 5, 2019." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687843/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 25a</figureCitation>
|
||
) or connected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF37A5FDBFA47DFD9C" box="[699,809,605,632]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Figs. 3, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF3629FDBFA4CEFD9C" box="[823,922,605,632]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="11.[151,250,935,960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 25. Pedesta rubella stat. n. in Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. Photographed by Guoxi Xue, April 5, 2019." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687843/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 25b</figureCitation>
|
||
); between the basal and submarginal spots in spaces M
|
||
<subScript id="2660ED6C9A74FFFF341EFD71A65CFD45" attach="left" box="[256,264,659,673]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">1</subScript>
|
||
–M
|
||
<subScript id="2660ED6C9A74FFFF3431FD71A663FD45" attach="left" box="[303,311,659,673]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">2</subScript>
|
||
there is sometimes a pair of white spots which form the postdiscal series with those in spaces Rs, M
|
||
<subScript id="2660ED6C9A74FFFF308AFD71A2C8FD45" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,659,673]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">3</subScript>
|
||
and CuA
|
||
<subScript id="2660ED6C9A74FFFF35E5FD55A657FD21" attach="left" box="[251,259,695,709]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">1</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF340FFD47A62FFD24" box="[273,379,677,704]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Figs. 6, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF3498FD47A6B3FD24" box="[390,487,677,704]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="11.[151,250,935,960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 25. Pedesta rubella stat. n. in Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. Photographed by Guoxi Xue, April 5, 2019." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687843/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 25b</figureCitation>
|
||
). This variability can be observed among individuals of the same group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF3010FD47A234FD24" box="[1294,1376,677,704]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="11.[151,250,935,960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 25. Pedesta rubella stat. n. in Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. Photographed by Guoxi Xue, April 5, 2019." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687843/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
), and does not represent seasonal forms. Wing patterns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF37F9FD28A428FD07" authorityName=": Devyatkin" authorityYear="2002" box="[743,892,713,739]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Thoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF37F9FD28A428FD07" box="[743,892,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">P. submacula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fall into this variability (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF3186FD2BA247FD07" box="[1176,1299,713,739]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Figs. 9–17</figureCitation>
|
||
), so the two species can hardly be distinguished without an examination of genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A74FFFF3589FCD7A227FCAB" blockId="4.[151,1395,821,848]" box="[151,1395,821,848]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">
|
||
The differences in male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF3732FCD7A451FCAB" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[556,773,821,847]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF3732FCD7A451FCAB" box="[556,773,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Pedesta submacula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF360BFCD7A432FCAB" box="[789,870,821,847]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1812,1837]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,859,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,848,1787]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 18. Male genitalia of Pedesta submacula from Chongqing. a. ring, lateral view. b. uncus and gnathos, dorsal view. c. ditto, ventral view. d. right valva, inner side. e. ditto, dorsal view. f. ditto, outer side. g. left valva, inner side. h. ditto, dorsal view. i. ditto, outer side. l. aedeagus, left lateral view. m. ditto, right lateral view. k. ditto, dorsal view. n. juxta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687829/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF36BBFCD4A345FCAB" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[933,1041,821,847]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF36BBFCD4A345FCAB" box="[933,1041,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">P. rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF313FFCD7A327FCAB" box="[1057,1139,821,847]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1506,1531]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,195,1470]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1424,181,1480]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 19. Male genitalia of Pedesta rubella stat. n. from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. a. ring, lateral view. b. genital capsule, dorsal view. c. uncus and gnathos, ventral view. d. right valva, inner side. e. ditto, dorsal view. f. ditto, outer side. g. left valva, inner side. h. ditto, dorsal view. i. ditto, outer side. j. aedeagus, left lateral view. k. ditto, right lateral view. l. ditto, dorsal view. m. juxta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687831/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF3161FCD7A39BFCAB" box="[1151,1231,821,847]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="8.[151,250,927,952]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,196,897]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[161,1427,181,902]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 20. Male genital capsule of Pedesta rubella stat. n. from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. a. dorsal view. b. ventral view. c. left lateral view. d. right lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687833/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
) are as below:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A74FFFF3589FC9FA422FC04" blockId="4.[151,1437,893,1172]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">
|
||
1. In dorsal view, the uncus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF3701FC9FA5A3FC73" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[543,759,893,919]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF3701FC9FA5A3FC73" box="[543,759,893,919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Pedesta submacula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is obviously wider (it is narrower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF3188FC9CA257FC73" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1174,1283,893,919]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF3188FC9CA257FC73" box="[1174,1283,893,919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">P. rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the two distal branches are pointed (they are slender and blunt pointed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF36CCFC40A315FC5F" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[978,1089,929,955]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF36CCFC40A315FC5F" box="[978,1089,929,955]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">P. rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), between which there is a Ushaped gap (the gap is narrower or V-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF37E7FC24A431FC3B" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[761,869,965,991]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF37E7FC24A431FC3B" box="[761,869,965,991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">P. rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A74FFFF3589FC0BA68BFBAF" blockId="4.[151,1437,893,1172]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">
|
||
2. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF341FFC0BA68EFBE7" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[257,474,1001,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF341FFC0BA68EFBE7" box="[257,474,1001,1027]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Pedesta submacula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there is usually a pair of short triangular horns on the dorsal side of the tegumen terminally, and sometimes the horns are rather long and sharply pointed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF36F0FBEFA314FBC3" box="[1006,1088,1037,1063]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1842,1867]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,982,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,982,1817]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 26. Holotype of Pedesta similissima syn. n. a. adult, dorsal side. b. ditto, ventral side. c. label. d. ring and left valva, lateral view. e. tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. f. right valva, outer side. g. aedeagus, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687845/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF3155FBEFA3C9FBC3" box="[1099,1181,1037,1063]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1759,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,535,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,525,1734]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 27. Male genitalia of a paratype [V3] of Pedesta similissima syn. n. a. genital capsule, right side. b. ditto, left side. c. ditto, dorsal view. d. ditto, ventral view. e. gnathos and uncus, ventral view. f. tegumen, oblique dorsal view. g. right valva, inner side. h. ditto, dorsal view. i. ditto, outer side. j. left valva, inner side. k. ditto, dorsal view. l. ditto, outer side. m. aedeagus, lateral view. n. ditto, dorsal view. p. juxta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687847/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
). But in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF31E4FBECA232FBC3" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1274,1382,1037,1063]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF31E4FBECA232FBC3" box="[1274,1382,1037,1063]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">P. rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are vestigial or absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A74FFFF3589FBB7A5BEFB70" blockId="4.[151,1437,893,1172]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">
|
||
3. In lateral view, the distal branches of both valva are robust and semi-erect in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF312BFBB7A258FB8B" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1077,1292,1109,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF312BFBB7A258FB8B" box="[1077,1292,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Pedesta submacula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they are usually slender, longer, and erect in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF3768FB98A5B7FB77" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[630,739,1145,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF3768FB98A5B7FB77" box="[630,739,1145,1171]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">P. rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A74FFFF35D9FB20A2C8FB3F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1217,1280]" box="[199,1436,1217,1244]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">
|
||
Among the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF34F1FB23A5F6FB3F" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[495,674,1217,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF34F1FB23A5F6FB3F" box="[495,674,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Pedesta rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distal branches of valva in some individuals are robust (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A74FFFF3027FB23A2DBFB3F" box="[1337,1423,1217,1243]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1947,1972]" captionTargetBox="[167,1415,1024,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[158,1428,1010,1922]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 21. Male genitalia of Pedesta rubella stat. n. from norther Vietnam (V1). a. ring, lateral view. b. uncus and gnathos, dorsal view. c. ditto, ventral view. d. right valva, inner side. e. ditto, dorsal view. f. ditto, outer side. g. left valva, inner side. h. ditto, dorsal view. i. ditto, outer side. j. aedeagus, right lateral view. k. ditto, dorsal view. l. ditto, left lateral view. m. juxta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687835/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A74FFFF3589FB07A3E1FB1B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1217,1280]" box="[151,1205,1253,1280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Nevertheless, the shape of the uncus is always a good character to distinguish the two species.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EE9BBFA19A74FFFF3589F893A491F84A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687825" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3687825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687825/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" startId="4.[151,250,1905,1930]" targetBox="[156,1432,1301,1880]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A74FFFF3589F893A491F84A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1905,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF3589F893A646F86E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1905,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A74FFFF348BF890A560F86E" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[405,564,1906,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF348BF890A560F86E" box="[405,564,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">Pedesta rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF3727F890A5D5F86E" bold="true" box="[569,641,1906,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">stat. n.</emphasis>
|
||
a. adult, dorsal side. b.
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A74FFFF3675F890A4CDF86E" box="[875,921,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="221">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral side. c. label. d. tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. e. right valva, outer side. f. left valva, outer side. g. aedeagus, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A75FFFE35D9FF7BA5A1FF1F" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A75FFFE35D9FF7BA652FF57" bold="true" box="[199,262,153,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">Note.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="655F518B9A75FFFE3421FF7BA6F5FF57" box="[319,417,153,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A75FFFE34D9FF7BA5F4FF57" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[455,672,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A75FFFE34D9FF7BA5F4FF57" box="[455,672,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">Pedesta submacula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not examined in this study, but the possibility that it belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A75FFFE3096FF78A7BCFF33" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A75FFFE3096FF78A7BCFF33" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">P. rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be excluded due to the great distance between the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A75FFFE36E9FF5CA3DFFF33" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1015,1163,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A75FFFE36E9FF5CA3DFFF33" box="[1015,1163,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">P. submacula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, viz. Changyang (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="782021CB9A75FFFE3048FF5FA7A9FF1F" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">Hubei Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2F3AFB99A75FFFE3417FF03A61AFF18" box="[265,334,225,252]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A75FFFE3706FF00A5D1FF1F" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[536,645,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A75FFFE3706FF00A5D1FF1F" box="[536,645,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">P. rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A75FFFE378AFF03A5BCFF1F" box="[660,744,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1893,1918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1435,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 28. Distribution map of Pedesta submacula and P. rubella stat. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687849/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A75FFFE35D9FEE7A391FE4B" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A75FFFE3426FEE7A6BCFEFB" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[312,488,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A75FFFE3426FEE7A6BCFEFB" box="[312,488,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">Pedesta rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is proved to be a separate species, the unique wing pattern and the remarkable bifurcate distal branch of the right valva of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="655F518B9A75FFFE3764FECBA588FEA7" box="[634,732,297,323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are conspicuously different from those of the specimens from other localities. If more materials bearing the same morphological characters as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="655F518B9A75FFFE3127FEAFA3CFFE83" box="[1081,1179,333,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
can be found in the future, it will be possible to consider the population from other localities as a distinguishable subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A75FFFE3037FE90A2C1FE6F" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1321,1429,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A75FFFE3037FE90A2C1FE6F" box="[1321,1429,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">P. rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. But for now, it is more reasonable to treat the
|
||
<typeStatus id="655F518B9A75FFFE3787FE77A5AFFE4B" box="[665,763,405,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
as an individual variation of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="EE9BBFA19A75FFFE3589F8CFA7E9F855" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" startId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" targetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A75FFFE3589F8CFA7E9F855" blockId="5.[151,1437,1837,1969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A75FFFE3589F8CFA615F8A2" bold="true" box="[151,321,1837,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">FIGURES 3–17</emphasis>
|
||
. Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A75FFFE34ADF8CFA507F8A1" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[435,595,1837,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A75FFFE34ADF8CFA507F8A1" box="[435,595,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">Pedesta rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A75FFFE3744F8CFA5F7F8A1" bold="true" box="[602,675,1837,1861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">stat. n.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A75FFFE37CBF8CCA408F8A1" box="[725,860,1837,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submaucla">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A75FFFE37CBF8CCA408F8A1" box="[725,860,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">P. submaucla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 3–8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A75FFFE3682F8CCA4AAF8A1" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[924,1022,1837,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A75FFFE3682F8CCA4AAF8A1" box="[924,1022,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">P. rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A75FFFE349DF8B0A55FF88D" box="[387,523,1873,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submaucla">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A75FFFE349DF8B0A55FF88D" box="[387,523,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="222">P. submaucla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2FEBCA29A76FFFD35D9FF7AA643FCF2" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A76FFFD35D9FF7AA45CFEFA" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A76FFFD35D9FF7AA60DFF57" bold="true" box="[199,345,152,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A76FFFD34FAFF7AA5C1FF56" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[484,661,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A76FFFD34FAFF7AA5C1FF56" box="[484,661,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Pedesta rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A76FFFD37BBFF7AA5BCFF57" box="[677,744,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A76FFFD3637FF7BA4EAFF56" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[809,958,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A76FFFD3637FF7BA4EAFF56" box="[809,958,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">P. submacula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A76FFFD36D0FF7AA3FEFF57" box="[974,1194,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,459,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,453,1812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–17. Adults of Pedesta rubella stat. n. and P. submaucla. 3–8. P. rubella, from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. 3–7. male; 8. female. 9–17. P. submaucla. 9, 14. male, from Shaanxi; 10. male, from Chongqing; 11. female, from Chongqing; 12. male, from Guizhou; 13, 15. female, from Guizhou; 16. male, from Guangdong; 17. female, from Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687827/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Figs. 11, 13, 15, 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) exhibit similar wing patterns. Unlike the corresponding males, in the lower half of space CuA
|
||
<subScript id="2660ED6C9A76FFFD36CEFF2CA48CFF38" attach="left" box="[976,984,206,220]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">2</subScript>
|
||
there is a small triangular patch located near vein 2A, and the line connecting the patch and cell spots is perpendicular to the costa. Genitalia are described as follows to distinguish the females of the two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A76FFFD35D9FECAA3BDFE12" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
|
||
Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A76FFFD34BAFECAA500FEA6" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[420,596,296,322]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A76FFFD34BAFECAA500FEA6" box="[420,596,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Pedesta rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A76FFFD377DFECAA5E3FEA7" box="[611,695,296,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1463,1488]" captionTargetBox="[151,1413,181,1415]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,181,1437]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 22. Female genitalia of Pedesta rubella stat. n. from Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. a. ventral view. b. lateral view. c. dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687837/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae anales flabellate in lateral view, covered with long hairs. Apophyses posteriores three times as long as papillae anales. Lamella postvaginalis and lamella antevaginalis well developed and sclerotized. In ventral view, middle of posterior edge of lamella postvaginalis extended to be a fishtail plate, of which basal half tapered and distal margin shallowly concave. Lamella antevaginalis almost triangular, each side of basal area bear an elongated plate with irregular distal margin; middle of posterior edge protruding, round. Ductus bursae tube-like; bursa copulatrix bursiform, constricted in middle, without signum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A76FFFD35D9FDE2A54EFD86" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
|
||
Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A76FFFD34AEFDE2A5DFFDFE" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[432,651,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A76FFFD34AEFDE2A5DFFDFE" box="[432,651,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Pedesta submacula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A76FFFD3780FDE2A5A1FDFF" box="[670,757,512,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1191,1216]" captionTargetBox="[264,1333,183,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[232,1355,181,1166]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 23. Female genitalia of Pedesta submacula from Chongqing. a. ventral view. b. lateral view. c. dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687839/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A76FFFD3696FDE3A4ACFDFE" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[904,1016,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A76FFFD3696FDE3A4ACFDFE" box="[904,1016,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">P. rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but extended plate of lamella postvaginalis more developed, shovel-shaped; lamella antevaginalis triangular, top angle blunt, base angle on each side much smaller and sharply pointed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5BEF299A76FFFD35D9FD8EA643FCF2" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A76FFFD35D9FD8EA61FFD63" bold="true" box="[199,331,620,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
Most specimens of GX-group were caught in limestone karst habitat in Nonggang NNR (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A76FFFD3025FD8EA2C4FD63" box="[1339,1424,620,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="10.[151,250,2014,2039]" captionTargetBox="[253,1334,1238,1989]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[253,1334,1238,1989]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 24. Karst landform in Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. Photographed by Guoxi Xue." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687841/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). In this subtropical area,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE494AA9A76FFFD34BAFD72A500FD4E" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[420,596,656,682]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pedesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8890333B9A76FFFD34BAFD72A500FD4E" box="[420,596,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Pedesta rubella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common from April to October. The adults fly rapidly and prefer to suck mud or liquid on the ground (
|
||
<figureCitation id="22DFF3AC9A76FFFD34C0FD56A566FD2B" box="[478,562,692,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="11.[151,250,935,960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,381,910]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 25. Pedesta rubella stat. n. in Nonggang NNR of Guangxi. Photographed by Guoxi Xue, April 5, 2019." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3687843/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). The males also like to occupy the crown of shrubs as a territory and drive out intrusive butterflies. According to our investigations, females of this species appear to be remarkably less numerous than males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |