treatments-xml/data/2D/4C/7E/2D4C7E3357995C74BB4BF0C0CA82C17F.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1171-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7559C2D42DE85144AEFFC98A16172F97" ID-ZooBank="267D0D4559CA4A18A08034768E652607" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1171-1" checkinTime="1689969829564" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Short, Andrew Edward Z. &amp; Giron, Jennifer C." docDate="2023" docId="2D4C7E3357995C74BB4BF0C0CA82C17F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1171: 1-112" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1171" docPubDate="2023-07-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142" docTitle="Novochares orchis Short &amp; Girón 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="EC044F4E-2E7D-460A-8696-3DAC9AA14E34" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="7559C2D42DE85144AEFFC98A16172F97" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7559C2D42DE85144AEFFC98A16172F97" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Novochares Giron &amp; Short (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1689969829564" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="2609EDB89FC1466ABB2D83F239628601">Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Novochares Giron &amp; Short (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DA409B6858A437CA1009799CF3631E03">Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F942842A4818E12B0169EA2EA7F4DDF4">Department of Entomology &amp; Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8714D7B5F025EC677A9E4C1612E73394" type="email">aezshort@ku.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D0E18E715F518A8A479ADA3081CFEABD">Giron, Jennifer C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="853CDE876F61433E03EFF1067A35EEAE">Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="709F29362A912176E9B8AE02D1CFDE55">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="582AFFAB690A86B6D0F445292D3EF50A">1171</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="A07417F527B0F81B3C98A8D88A61BADA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C20987788CFA04066BE30B1CCE9D5F9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E341B05EC0217465B4BB6EC9B480DAAA" LSID="https://zoobank.org/EC044F4E-2E7D-460A-8696-3DAC9AA14E34" authority="Short &amp; Girón, 2023" authorityName="Short &amp; Girón" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares orchis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orchis" status="sp. nov.">Novochares orchis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83F97460AE82EB35F7CE469351E624DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A41C99446F1B13DB416391412C6110" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="75D1801ADAD679659199E1A39DD01F0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="7C8E266EF24B5617D8EE014E9CC45A04" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Aedeagi of the Novochares punctatostriatus, Novochares sallaei, and Novochares orchis species groups along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe A N. dentatus B N. orchis C N. sallaei." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881171" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 4B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="937A27065770BCF7B2EC3A0A5BC65369" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aedeagi of Novochares spp. A-C N. aperito D-F N. orchis G-K N. minor G-J Peru K Venezuela A, D, G, K dorsal view B, E, H ventral view C, F, J oblique view I lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881178" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 11D-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="34FAE6682B9B7B6FFCEB919C5B3BD15A" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of Novochares spp. A N. aperito (red), N. minor (yellow), N. orchis (blue) B N. bidens (red), N. furcatus (yellow), N. garfo (blue), N. tenedor (green)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881180" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 13A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E832F658C5AB4B6EC942C291387DD456" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. tectiformis B N. orchis C N. duo D N. piaroa." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 24B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EEB8F56F61184490A8ADB51F0DDF3283" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="F90C12A0F5040180A2B3E751E91AD007" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1026DDDB231CF727D1FC4A287A582E7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="9905B2869FADB3D1BCFD9B9AC9D509B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="585010ED778E9E9D58C491A5B97B7E61" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
(male)
</emphasis>
: &quot;SURINAM/ Suriname Dist./ Krakka-Phedra Rd./ X-25-1962/ Borys Malkin&quot;, &quot;tiny pool in/forest, much/ fallen foliage&quot; (USNM). 
<emphasis id="45670BF9C3DFB9E0E0D8BEECB6E48557" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="CD8088B9AEADDD645466F58649A06462" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
(57 exs.): Brazil: 
<normalizedToken id="144853AA92BC44AB04EF2B744E4F39C3" originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Oiapoque (ca. 22 km S) on BR -156, 
<geoCoordinate id="36EF1E33D2E69836AE48DF11544FA1A5" degrees="3.65822" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.65822">3.65822</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D0932BAEC117CA5350FB157E1767E141" degrees="51.76958" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-51.76958">-51.76958</geoCoordinate>
, leg. Short, forested detrital pools, BR18-0720-01B (1, SEMC, including DNA voucher SLE1851). 
<emphasis id="C3B3076145D5E72AA2267CAB9A257FC8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amazonas</emphasis>
: Manaus Ducke Reserve, Igarape Barro Branco, 
<geoCoordinate id="E4AC996ABE9EABB1849EAE3FEB0A05FB" degrees="2.93079" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-2.93079">-2.93079</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="1DFE7539F23AA7508E236E057F201813" degrees="59.97514" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.97514">-59.97514</geoCoordinate>
, 75 m, 6.vi.2018, leg. Short &amp; team, stream margins, BR18-0606-02B (11, INPA, SEMC, TTU-Z); same data except forest pools/riparian area by stream, BR18-0606-02C (1, SEMC); same data except shallow pools, BR18-0606-02D (1, SEMC); same data except 9.vi.2018, muddy pools in swampy area by stream, BR18-0609-02B (1, SEMC). 
<emphasis id="97D3CC863D30A4E521A75558C52A052F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="240C79346745F863D42DB3DD21AF6DC4" originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Tabajara (ca. 4.5 km W) on RO-133, 
<geoCoordinate id="1B7CA8E9AA40E28C55603B2B7DC8BD34" degrees="8.9217" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.9217">-8.9217</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D3136B0052A176FFF34E1DE1A1C5BF09" degrees="62.0978" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-62.0978">-62.0978</geoCoordinate>
, 100 m, 8vii.2018, leg. Short, detrital pool/marsh by stream, BR18-0708-02B (2, SEMC). 
<emphasis id="FCD1DA0E856343CF4C7D1F266C7FABDD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">French Guiana</emphasis>
: Piste de montagne de fer, 5.37641, -53.54782, 67 m, 3.iii.2020, leg. Short &amp; Neff, large shallow detrital pool by road, FG20-0303-02A (4, SEMC); 
<normalizedToken id="93D5782ED76BC9121F99DE28EE67F3E7" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
des Sables Blancs Park, 3.iii.2020, leg. Short &amp; Neff, detrital puddle in forest, FG20-0303-03A (2, SEMC); Bagne des Annamites Park, Crique Anguille, 
<geoCoordinate id="0788305F0502ECA2267A4542DFD60E5D" degrees="4.83287" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.83287">4.83287°N</geoCoordinate>
, - 
<geoCoordinate id="D77FCAB524A5032BE25EF7BF8C7EE7A4" degrees="52.5145" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-52.5145">52.5145°W</geoCoordinate>
, 17 m, leg. Short &amp; Neff, small sandy stream with detritus, FG20-0307-01B (5, SCC, SEMC). 
<emphasis id="F78A211D6A2AB03F15D4DD81EEC7E13E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Suriname: Suriname</emphasis>
: same data as holotype (25, SEMC, UNSM). 
<emphasis id="522235AD7A31514DBD3E3EE9C599B9F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sipaliwini District</emphasis>
: Camp 4 (low), Kasikasima; sandy/ creek, trail to Kasikasima, 
<geoCoordinate id="526EC42D8C885864782F5CA5A6FF6368" degrees="2.97731" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.97731">2.97731°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="7384A198C2E6373A1DD9060EDC2EAAFD" degrees="55.38500" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-55.385">55.38500°W</geoCoordinate>
, 200 m, 22.iii.2012, leg. A. Short, SR12-0322-02A (4, NSCS, SEMC, including SLE1214).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7D6244FFEDA2D8AADEA25B86019614C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="328A3C82D233FB048F140B1D3F0E246F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80C390946A13C7EEFCBA86A3132BA65" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See species group diagnosis.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="84F99C21ED3D79C7973225C90F7A552A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="43397852112377E7ECCD2F73987A81ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A10F0FB46457FFE1F6151C6B63663C64" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Body length 7.3-9.3 mm. 
<emphasis id="8418C13D4DD2457107C697A4F37DC9A2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coloration</emphasis>
: Dorsal surfaces dark brown and sheeny, with paler (brown or reddish brown) clypeus and margins of pronotum and elytra. 
<emphasis id="A3C3D75FC54799341D4F8755BFE99809" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
: Maxillary palps nearly 1.3 
<normalizedToken id="6620271523E6A54D2DBDC449C200F303" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than width of head, uniformly reddish brown in color (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="226A739EE0C1255E6D85316A6F6189B4" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. tectiformis B N. orchis C N. duo D N. piaroa." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24B</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="C82AA0928ACC0B5B9ECB3A6DA6C50D1C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thorax</emphasis>
: Ground punctation on pronotum and elytra relatively dense and very shallowly impressed. Elytra without rows of serial punctures, each with very faint rows (one dorsal and two or three lateral) of scarce and weakly marked systematic punctures. Prosternum only very weakly medially convex. Posterior elevation of mesoventrite elevated as a triangular pyramid, with medial longitudinal ridge extending anteriorly. 
<emphasis id="8552EC4EB30191F97AA49F947534CE76" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Apical emargination of fifth ventrite relatively deep, V- or U-shaped. 
<emphasis id="5EC2460AFA9C6174A099E275A1EF8195" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aedeagus</emphasis>
: (Figs 
<figureCitation id="68D64FFE9CBAC54F308B1937A9E282F8" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Aedeagi of the Novochares punctatostriatus, Novochares sallaei, and Novochares orchis species groups along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe A N. dentatus B N. orchis C N. sallaei." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881171" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
11D, F) apical region of outer margin of each paramere pointed, dorsally directed; parameres longer than median lobe; at closest point, dorsal inner margins of parameres separated by distance 0.5 
<normalizedToken id="3B4939468445D40B4E7EB490736720B2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
greatest width of a paramere; dorsal plate of median lobe with neck 0.5 
<normalizedToken id="5AFB09BC90D3797D532C611CF98DBE27" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as broad as base; arms of dorsal plate of median lobe abruptly broadening at mid-length, slightly converging at apex, with apex rounded; apical region of outer margin of each arm pointed; arms nearly 0.55 
<normalizedToken id="84EFDE7A16ECA222A4775C995AFE9B45" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of dorsal plate of median lobe; notch between arms at base nearly as broad as base of an arm; ventral plate of median lobe apically truncate, apex extending to apical third 1/4 of dorsal plate; basal piece 0.35 
<normalizedToken id="F96D56CCF0932BB5D23F29A333F40FC0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of a paramere. In lateral view, aedeagus somewhat teardrop-shaped, with ventral outline of parameres 4 
<normalizedToken id="1B1FEF1BEB9275DD3E779E8D37AF503C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than greatest width near base; dorsal outline nearly evenly convex along entire length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FB1833BADF48FF7E8D1CA8DBC86D0B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="957F1A3211393E59FB3A291442A96EE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F3F62BBA7168EEB3E38F49663F49158" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This species is named after the complex and intricate shape of the aedeagus, which we had informally named the &quot;orchid one&quot; during the course of this revision.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B81E50AD18C65A3CF8DA9D01D827CC88" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="047A3B566A4CA131FF66FCC95264E779" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="713096EB26DEC3ECD0BEB9DFD34C1C57" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Known from Brazil (
<normalizedToken id="725549DD2D5ED8D7C826296E2006409C" originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
, Amazonas, 
<normalizedToken id="20757AAF899455331A8C74BB02B55691" originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
), French Guiana, and Suriname (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="BB6F6848DC7624DB0C805EBBBB766369" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of Novochares spp. A N. aperito (red), N. minor (yellow), N. orchis (blue) B N. bidens (red), N. furcatus (yellow), N. garfo (blue), N. tenedor (green)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881180" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4A2F1A0B17E32ADB93D60166AA954DAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="9068567EE4E0C842AE4050B56AAFD8C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F0A1F701869F7C865C05324A09C464D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This species is most commonly found along detrital margins of streams and in forested pools associated with streams.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA08D29818037916412E290F55245AEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="novochares punctatostriatus species group">
<paragraph id="7105E2C3E24A2EACD52D01AD97B50059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4200BBB1B540CBE45A5CA45F1C4BCEF3" authorityName="Short &amp; Girón" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares punctatostriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
<emphasis id="F8C513A7D9BF67CA6770088825D8B063" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares punctatostriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7267471A1EFBF9A5D38ABD23C0B42784" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="051AE49C6A3D202EE82C4DA90C86F808" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species group description.</emphasis>
Body length 4.7-8.8 mm. 
<emphasis id="F8DEA3725783DBC69A2CFF3F779372B5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coloration</emphasis>
: Dorsal surfaces dark brown, usually with paler (orange to yellow) margins of head, pronotum, and elytra. 
<emphasis id="1FC6E788E1509F4E57636A42B1C29910" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
: Maxillary palps slightly shorter to slightly longer than width of head, uniformly yellow to orange in color (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="E8D264E2615A458668D573E0E5E3BE32" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. dentatus B N. punctatostriatus C N. pertusus D N. triangularis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="EC20DA0794D8D4503DBE7606F6923408" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thorax</emphasis>
: Ground punctation on pronotum and elytra relatively dense and shallowly impressed. Elytra sometimes with defined rows of serial punctures, at least along posterior and lateral areas, not forming grooves. Prosternum flat to medially convex. Posterior elevation of mesoventrite transverse, usually blunt and low. 
<emphasis id="B17436258FD147C64C1ABF9081FC29DE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Apical emargination of fifth ventrite small and shallow, slightly broader than deep. 
<emphasis id="89EA624874E0B90DC1179CEB77722921" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aedeagus</emphasis>
: (Figs 
<figureCitation id="0467A28E45982D9208A5447A9BD419C9" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Aedeagi of the Novochares punctatostriatus, Novochares sallaei, and Novochares orchis species groups along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe A N. dentatus B N. orchis C N. sallaei." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881171" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B5EBC24F10FFE736A21E634D113E532F" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of the Novochares punctatostriatus species group A-D N. dentatus E, F N. spangleri G, H N. geminus I N. triangularis J, K N. pertusus L-Q N. punctatostriatus A-C Venezuela D Ecuador L-N Suriname O Peru P, Q Brazil. A, E, G, I, J, L, O, P dorsal view H, M, Q ventral view C, F, N oblique view K lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881182" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15</figureCitation>
) Overall shape sub-rectangular, approximately 2 
<normalizedToken id="787E7BF13F4B3830E2E547992C2F8530" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide, joint basal margins of parameres medially emarginate and laterally rounded; outer margin of each paramere nearly straight or very weakly convex along basal 2/3, then concave and laterally pointed, then oblique to apex; parameres longer than median lobe; apex rounded; parameres with apical region cylindrical (hollow to apex) and lightly sclerotized; dorsal inner margin of each paramere sinuate; dorsal plate of median lobe (in dorsal view) with strongly sclerotized basal apodemes (nearly 0.25 
<normalizedToken id="AFE73EFACA2EA0C696E5A774DC0B5831" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of plate); dorsal plate of median lobe nearly parallel-sided along basal 2/3, then bifurcating with parallel to distally converging arms; notch between arms variable; shape and orientation of arms variable; gonopore sitting proximal to base of fork of dorsal plate; ventral plate of median lobe (in ventral view) somewhat triangular, variable in length, shape of apex, and degree of sclerotization; dorsal surface of ventral plate of median lobe slightly concave (sides curved dorsally); basal piece nearly 0.25-0.40 
<normalizedToken id="ED1E931C54F103F186964D4462DB8618" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of a paramere, with distal margin straight. In lateral view, aedeagus triangular, strongly oblique at base, with ventral outline of parameres 3-5 
<normalizedToken id="938A7FEB681EDD129215F755A0223BDB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than greatest width near base.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C7B7EC26103EBC136DC30113DF155F18" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph id="2814DD9F412ADDB92E8C69C9C19E4BE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="329932DB9EBB8ACACA327FEE0D85AAF9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Dorsal habitus of 
<taxonomicName id="B13CB4CBD0B75CB59E6DA075DF499340" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91912D37D66A43799513FF1D830ECB87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. 
<emphasis id="51CEE0D4760D08C71A703FCCD3BA1A64" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0867AD315E66423928C8183494F6DC22" lsidName="N. dentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dentatus">
<emphasis id="7E2B51D04AC17F7E2ECAA5657185F8C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. dentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="88B2EA551ABD9FA66E4AB348A1C5696C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F6B24C093138B172008A64864293813E" lsidName="N. punctatostriatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
<emphasis id="43D8D3AD30561076B3DE41AED5884DED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5CEF38623C5BFCB787A38DE20344079C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C85B62711CD8A952FE44AE90F50ED7FA" lsidName="N. pertusus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pertusus">
<emphasis id="243CD366CD7D98F1EF9EA5092D76E51B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pertusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="32631E424E819A117756A44F7B27D25B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="11CDA83A43AAC9324C320AADD42253D3" lsidName="N. triangularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="triangularis">
<emphasis id="A3A39F4CEE8DB6F075BDFF3D0E5DB9A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. triangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="39459C0E791CE37D925589DB4D1FC36D" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881182" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph id="66D77B132CE1FF69FA134BEFAA059B4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="1F3EF2C6CAF248E2E4D1BF9C3B05CEC0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 15.</emphasis>
Aedeagi of the 
<taxonomicName id="173874EFBEFAB6416DB0C4EE77104BE8" authorityName="Short &amp; Girón" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares punctatostriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
<emphasis id="914B20903DA7648DF0616FF31A7E529D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares punctatostriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group 
<emphasis id="41A79F621FA75912F3900D735E16FC9B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="50811B8C6AA9501E35F80709C7B72987" lsidName="N. dentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dentatus">
<emphasis id="24573EE5C26CEE90BA33927CA97C6D33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. dentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CB6EE723CF1FC1A4CF6B014052C2224A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B68CE5F2F406D7B0F83D7612D9A63AF7" lsidName="N. spangleri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spangleri">
<emphasis id="E61F1DCA534C13328831BBE1EEF6088E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. spangleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B035623CF41A8ECA25E6CFF2A279B71E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A4F28C0852F23C0B1840B5BF1D14569D" lsidName="N. geminus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="geminus">
<emphasis id="111F166C93AB32F13512AD9F20EF6E7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. geminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="443CF0F7042AA841CA13E743D09E0564" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C01649BF85049CF2F4A176E5701EFEB1" lsidName="N. triangularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="triangularis">
<emphasis id="E6BB7C29F4E4546F5E63BC83E7A9C60A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. triangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A94718AF5C89601180A5FFB8C2C6F52A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J, K</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="519EECAF850FD0346B3F99ED36B15078" lsidName="N. pertusus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pertusus">
<emphasis id="71DD8AA4D57C1479FA928CD7E4355B0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pertusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0FFBA38A48C160930F2CFEFFC9BAEAA2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L-Q</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EB0F787A1A30E3E9179A31E3183C5AF7" lsidName="N. punctatostriatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
<emphasis id="19434371C26AB20C760BF7EB89A08F5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1629F9C460CCE3BCCA07662B210607AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
Venezuela 
<emphasis id="4210E57F0A49A584CEF1FDC354C95E1B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
Ecuador 
<emphasis id="4F50674B088BFA2247341A302D58473D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L-N</emphasis>
Suriname 
<emphasis id="98B4028D19E14E8B4D0501421537CE64" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
Peru 
<emphasis id="F173861A9FE5AFA966BA2122FCB6073C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P, Q</emphasis>
Brazil. 
<emphasis id="33743BC9078EC7DFD99E5BB01A1B2E7A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, E, G, I, J, L, O, P</emphasis>
dorsal view 
<emphasis id="D47600B0E59DE4808C8F4203761FF05D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, M, Q</emphasis>
ventral view 
<emphasis id="1D32AC1D691294AA6D1EB54B16F7DA9F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, F, N</emphasis>
oblique view 
<emphasis id="26D81B9C90907D10272B1681DB776D7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3477F29B82D70EAA44392A93FF2635EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="573B9C7E85C7E86274F01D0ACF36D945" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Composition.</emphasis>
The 
<taxonomicName id="B643A4BFF0F949E4B325B6E66FD4A176" authorityName="Short &amp; Girón" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares punctatostriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
<emphasis id="8D8368395291CE21DC8A97474FC500B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares punctatostriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group is composed of six species: 
<taxonomicName id="AA6D6ED265C7BDB295698892C1E3B0C6" authorityName="Short &amp; Girón" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares dentatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentatus">
<emphasis id="93D6DB68B8E51B235CA1C87029A4399A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares dentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., 
<taxonomicName id="F4730696904A5585F6EEFB183E0E17A6" lsidName="N. geminus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="geminus">
<emphasis id="96E42EE29DF87D11F3A9F94E1400D41F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. geminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., 
<taxonomicName id="1C71C5C981A128C57F16FC10F0DFB1EC" lsidName="N. pertusus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pertusus">
<emphasis id="994405E14304A91727CE2227783C8F8A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pertusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., 
<taxonomicName id="471F91BE0AE3C719D8EBCCC96FCB550B" lsidName="N. punctatostriatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
<emphasis id="CDCC83F98579D3D43F1D5C76BB373F67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., 
<taxonomicName id="106A4AEC6A4EAF4D5D5998F9EEF99317" lsidName="N. spangleri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spangleri">
<emphasis id="60E5E462F8E8F5F5047E5D5ACBDB784D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. spangleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., and 
<taxonomicName id="BB096D80D56EDF2F62684E72040E26C8" lsidName="N. triangularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="triangularis">
<emphasis id="F6EA22523DF109DC91AD1107BEA4C59C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. triangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F7D32471626C2439E37D73BF62CE83F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="352162F06046FC73AF7335D495F58878" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species group is united by several distinct morphological characters and was recovered as a monophyletic group by 
<bibRefCitation id="B69DC238294C51B400C061CB36BD9A47" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B40" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
. However, our two-gene analysis did not recover the monophyly of this species group, instead recovering two distinct, sequentially diverging lineages (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="9F40F921E69AFBEE3FC5B7F0EB151243" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogeny of Novochares spp. Part 1: Novochares punctatostriatus, Novochares tectiformis, Novochares sallaei, Novochares orchis, Novochares minor, and Novochares garfo species groups. Inferred from COI and 28 S combined sequence data. Numbers next to taxon names are extraction numbers (see Table 1). The Novochares portion of the phylogeny of Acidocerinae based on five gene fragments as presented in Short et al. (2021) is reproduced in the lower left corner for comparative purposes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881168" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
). These two subgroups can be morphologically differentiated: the lineage that contains 
<taxonomicName id="71D3048BC17B96969667CC3C79AD2C29" lsidName="N. dentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dentatus">
<emphasis id="FDE54C60B4FA39D7D36FE0AC58B49E70" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. dentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="97E0CF0F738001BF31F75DF93C0FE885" lsidName="N. geminus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="geminus">
<emphasis id="6667C7ABCDAB1BE4A56C2D7D12AC7479" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. geminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="853E4738B2BC4AA248DDE23B989906DF" lsidName="N. spangleri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spangleri">
<emphasis id="B09F0678DE29C5EC3104ACB266421E75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. spangleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have lateral teeth on the dorsal plate of the median lobe of the aedeagus combined with an extended ventral plate, while the other subgroup does not possess these features (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="FEDAF3AA3703E2549EBFFC9A07E5DB13" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagi of the Novochares punctatostriatus species group A-D N. dentatus E, F N. spangleri G, H N. geminus I N. triangularis J, K N. pertusus L-Q N. punctatostriatus A-C Venezuela D Ecuador L-N Suriname O Peru P, Q Brazil. A, E, G, I, J, L, O, P dorsal view H, M, Q ventral view C, F, N oblique view K lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881182" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>