716 lines
92 KiB
XML
716 lines
92 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1F04E394FF1878A3F0CE2979ED6FB16C">A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F819783060278FF14F1DF3ADD62D64A5">O’Loughlin, P. Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7F8B0171BA47DFEC3623ED067885D2D1">Honorary Associate, Marine Biology Section, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666 E, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="371F68E452033D220F7D5C2F02A1A3AB" type="email">pmo@bigpond.net.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D2B1A566A2662C6EFDBDB828E37E281A">Waters, Jonathan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C4CC657874A1C87DF748710F00F538BD">Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B148E6C9517CD1A697D5C3DC5E7EE208" type="email">jonathan.waters@stonebow.otago.ac.nz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="30AB91D3B9E75F4AC07CD470D559C118">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="185387DDFFB4FFB9FCB4E2A2FC0D4D80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:185387DDFFB4FFB9FCB4E2A2FC0D4D80" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/185387DDFFB4FFB9FCB4E2A2FC0D4D80" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB4FFB8FCB4E2A2FC1949AD" box="[817,976,469,491]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCB4E2A2FC1949AD" blockId="14.[817,976,469,491]" box="[817,976,469,491]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="CB0D81A7FFB4FFB8FCB4E2A2FC1949AD" box="[817,976,469,491]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FCB4E2A2FC1949AD" ID-CoL="7NPXC" authority="Nardo" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[817,976,469,491]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCB4E2A2FC4349AD" bold="true" box="[817,906,469,491]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Asterina</emphasis>
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Nardo
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB4FFB8FCB4E174FB4F4A5F" box="[817,1158,515,537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCB4E174FB4F4A5F" blockId="14.[817,1158,515,537]" box="[817,1158,515,537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<figureCitation id="08C12A4EFFB4FFB8FCB4E174FC584A5F" box="[817,913,515,537]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[139,198,1838,1858]" captionTargetBox="[137,1460,223,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-68@2.[136,1460,223,1709]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships of asterinid mtDNA sequences (after Waters et al., 2004). Support for particular reconstructions is indicated by bootstrap values (>50%; in bold) and by decay indices (in italics). MtDNA Clades I–VI are identified on the basis of high bootstrap support. Generic assignments made in this paper appear on the right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665497/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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(clade VI), 2c, 6a, 8c–e
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB4FFB8FCC9E15AFC754B50" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCC9E15AFC0D4AED" blockId="14.[817,1458,557,790]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB4FFB8FCC9E15AFBF54A07" author="Nardo, J. D." box="[844,1084,557,577]" page="716" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1834">
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FCC9E15AFBF54A07" ID-CoL="7NPXC" authority="Nardo, 1834: 716" authorityName="Nardo" authorityPageNumber="716" authorityYear="1834" box="[844,1084,557,577]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCC9E15AFC504A07" box="[844,921,557,577]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Asterina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FC1BE15AFBF54A07" author="Nardo, J. D." box="[926,1084,557,577]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref36652" refString="Nardo, J. D. 1834. De Asteriis. Pp. 716 - 717 in: Oken, L. (ed.), Isis 7." type="book" year="1834">Nardo, 1834: 716</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB4FFB8FBD2E15AFA5C4A07" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[1111,1429,557,577]" page="177" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FBD2E15AFA5C4A07" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[1111,1429,557,577]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref35034" refString="Clark, A. M., and Downey, M. E. 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall (Natural History Museum Publications): London. 794 pp, 75 figs, 113 pls." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey, 1992: 177–181</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.— A.M.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB4FFB8FCE9E130FBF54A1D" author="Clark, A. M." box="[876,1084,583,603]" page="206" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FCE9E130FBF54A1D" author="Clark, A. M." box="[876,1084,583,603]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref34965" refString="Clark, A. M. 1993. An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies 4: 187 - 366. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark, 1993: 206–214</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB4FFB8FBD2E130FA934A1D" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[1111,1370,583,603]" page="129" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1995">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FBD2E130FA934A1D" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[1111,1370,583,603]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref36433" refString="Liao, Y. and Clark, A. M. 1995. T he echinoderms of southern China. 614 pp, 23 pls. Science Press: Beijing." type="book" year="1995">Liao and Clark, 1995: 129</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB4FFB8FAF0E130FC6B4A30" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." page="33" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1995">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FAF0E130FC6B4A30" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1995" refId="ref36896" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. Pp. xiii + 510 in: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO: Melbourne. [as " Rowe (1995) " throughout paper]" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe, 1995: 33–35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—O’Loughlin, 2002: 278.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB4FFB8FB2DE115FA484A30" author="Waters, J. M. & O'Loughlin, P. M. & Roy, M. S." box="[1192,1409,610,630]" page="874" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2004">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FB2DE115FA484A30" author="Waters, J. M. & O'Loughlin, P. M. & Roy, M. S." box="[1192,1409,610,630]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="872 - 878" refId="ref37522" refString="Waters, J. M., O'Loughlin, P. M., and Roy, M. S. 2004. Molecular systematics of some Indo-Pacific asterinids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea): does taxonomy reflect phylogeny? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 872 - 878." type="journal article" year="2004">Waters et al., 2004: 874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, 875, 877 (part). (For complete synonymy and discussion see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FAD6E10AFC704AED" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref35034" refString="Clark, A. M., and Downey, M. E. 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall (Natural History Museum Publications): London. 794 pp, 75 figs, 113 pls." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCC9E1C5FC754B50" blockId="14.[817,1458,557,790]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0EA11E5FFB4FFB8FCC9E1C5FC754B50" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
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<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB4FFB8FCC9E1C5FBA54A80" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[844,1132,690,710]" page="480" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1913">
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||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FCC9E1C5FBA54A80" ID-CoL="BFDMG" authority="Verrill, 1913: 480" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="480" authorityYear="1913" box="[844,1132,690,710]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Allopatiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCC9E1C5FC664A80" box="[844,943,690,710]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Allopatiria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FC39E1C5FBA54A80" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[956,1132,690,710]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="477 - 485" refId="ref37400" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1913. Revision of the genera of starfishes of the subfamily Asterininae. American Journal of Science (4) 35 (209): 477 - 485." type="journal article" year="1913">Verrill, 1913: 480</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB4FFB8FB03E1C5FAFC4A80" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1158,1333,690,710]" page="273" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1914">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FB03E1C5FAFC4A80" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1158,1333,690,710]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 408" refId="ref37435" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1914. Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska Series, Smithsonian Institution 14: 1 - 408, 110 pls." type="book chapter" year="1914">Verrill, 1914: 273</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB4FFB8FAD5E1C5FC584AA7" author="Tortonese, E." page="174" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FAD5E1C5FC584AA7" author="Tortonese, E." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref37206" refString="Tortonese, E. 1965. Echinodermata. Fauna d'Italia 6: xv + 422 pp. Bologna." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese, 1965: 174</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FC2EE1BAFB674AA7" author="Spencer, W. K. & Wright, C. W." box="[939,1198,717,737]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref37118" refString="Spencer, W. K., and Wright, C. W. 1966. Asterozoans. Pp. U 4 - U 107, 89 figs in: R. C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press." type="book" year="1966">Spencer and Wright, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: U69.—A.M.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB4FFB8FABFE1BAFC494ABD" author="Clark, A. M." page="372" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FABFE1BAFC494ABD" author="Clark, A. M." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="359 - 380" refId="ref34913" refString="Clark, A. M. 1983. Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 3. The families Ganeriidae and Asterinidae, with description of a new asterinid genus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology) 45 (7): 359 - 380." type="journal article" year="1983">Clark, 1983: 372–373</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB4FFB8FC1EE190FB704ABD" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[923,1209,743,763]" page="172" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1992">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FC1EE190FB704ABD" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[923,1209,743,763]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref35034" refString="Clark, A. M., and Downey, M. E. 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall (Natural History Museum Publications): London. 794 pp, 75 figs, 113 pls." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey, 1992: 172</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—A.M.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFB4FFB8FA88E190FA674ABD" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1293,1454,743,763]" page="204" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1993">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FA88E190FA674ABD" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1293,1454,743,763]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref34965" refString="Clark, A. M. 1993. An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies 4: 187 - 366. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark, 1993: 204</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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. New synonym.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB4FFB8FCB4E05BFB064C0C" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCB4E05BFB064C0C" blockId="14.[817,1457,812,1098]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCB4E05BFC5E4B04" box="[817,919,812,834]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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||
. Rays 5; body integument noticeable; interradial margin incurved to varying extents; rays discrete, short, distally broadly or narrowly rounded or pointed; flat actinally, convex abactinally; papular spaces with numerous small papulae and secondary plates; abactinal spinelets opaque, digitiform to conical, rounded distally; actinal plates in oblique and sometimes longitudinal series; actinal interradial spines digitiform to conical, up to 5 per plate; internal contiguous projections from abactinal and actinal plates support margin; lacking superambulacral and superactinal plates.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB4FFB8FCB4E717FC754C88" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCB4E717FC754C88" blockId="14.[817,1457,1120,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCB4E717FC714C30" box="[817,952,1120,1142]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FC38E717FAC94C30" authority="Pennant, 1777" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1777" box="[957,1280,1120,1142]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FC38E717FBAE4C30" box="[957,1127,1120,1142]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Asterias gibbosa</emphasis>
|
||
Pennant, 1777
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(subsequent designation by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FC2BE70AFBF84CD5" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[942,1073,1149,1171]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="987 - 1130" refId="ref35631" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1906. The starfishes of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 23: 987 - 1130, 49 pls." type="book chapter" year="1906">Fisher, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; full treatment by A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FAAAE70AFA634CD5" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1327,1450,1149,1171]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="359 - 380" refId="ref34913" refString="Clark, A. M. 1983. Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 3. The families Ganeriidae and Asterinidae, with description of a new asterinid genus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology) 45 (7): 359 - 380." type="journal article" year="1983">Clark, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (junior synonym:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FC75E7ECFA414CF7" authority="H. L. Clark, 1928" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1928" box="[1008,1416,1179,1201]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FC75E7ECFB0C4CF7" box="[1008,1221,1179,1201]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Asterina crassispina</emphasis>
|
||
H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FA8FE7ECFA414CF7" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1290,1416,1179,1201]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="361 - 482" refId="ref35242" refString="Clark, H. L. 1928. The sea-lilies, sea-stars, brittle stars and sea-urchins of the South Australian Museum. Records of the South Australian Museum 3 (4): 361 - 482, figs 108 - 142." type="journal article" year="1928">Clark, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FCB4E7CFFC794C88" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[817,944,1208,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1995" refId="ref36896" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. Pp. xiii + 510 in: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO: Melbourne. [as " Rowe (1995) " throughout paper]" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB4FFB8FCB4E795FA884D00" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="taxon_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCB4E795FA884D00" blockId="14.[817,1458,1250,1350]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCB4E795FC7F4CB0" box="[817,950,1250,1270]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Other species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FC39E795FB644CB0" authority="Perrier, 1875" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[956,1197,1250,1270]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fimbriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FC39E795FBE24CB0" box="[956,1067,1250,1270]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. fimbriata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FBB6E795FB644CB0" author="Perrier, E." box="[1075,1197,1250,1270]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref36872" refString="Perrier, E. 1875. Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Paris. 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FB3DE795FCA84D57" authority="H. L. Clark, 1923" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FB3DE795FA894CB0" box="[1208,1344,1250,1270]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. gracilispina</emphasis>
|
||
H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FAFCE795FCA84D57" author="Clark, H. L." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="221 - 435" refId="ref35206" refString="Clark, H. L. 1923. The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 13 (7) 12: 221 - 435, pls 8 - 23." type="journal article" year="1923">Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FCE8E78AFBA94D57" authority="(Gray, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[877,1120,1277,1297]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCE8E78AFC294D57" box="[877,992,1277,1297]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. ocellifera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FC6BE78AFB934D57" author="Gray, J. E." box="[1006,1114,1277,1297]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="72 - 83" refId="ref35914" refString="Gray, J. E. 1847. Description of some new genera and species of Asteriadae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1847 (15): 72 - 83." type="journal article" year="1847">Gray, 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FBE9E78AFAA84D57" authority="(Gasco, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Gasco" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1132,1377,1277,1297]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pancerii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FBE9E78AFB1D4D57" box="[1132,1236,1277,1297]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. pancerii</emphasis>
|
||
(Gasco, 1870)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FAE8E78AFBA94D6D" authority="Emson and Crump, 1979" authorityName="Emson and Crump" authorityYear="1979" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phylactica">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FAE8E78AFCA64D6D" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. phylactica</emphasis>
|
||
Emson and Crump, 1979
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FBEEE660FAA54D6D" authority="(Mobius, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Mobius" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1131,1388,1303,1323]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FBEEE660FB1F4D6D" box="[1131,1238,1303,1323]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. stellifera</emphasis>
|
||
(Möbius, 1859)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(junior synonym:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FC14E645FB1A4D00" authority="Verrill, 1913" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[913,1235,1330,1350]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Enoplopatiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="siderea">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FC14E645FB914D00" box="[913,1112,1330,1350]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Enoplopatiria siderea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB4FFB8FBDBE645FB1A4D00" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1118,1235,1330,1350]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="477 - 485" refId="ref37400" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1913. Revision of the genera of starfishes of the subfamily Asterininae. American Journal of Science (4) 35 (209): 477 - 485." type="journal article" year="1913">Verrill, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this work).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB4FFB8FCB4E62DFACA4E18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCB4E62DFC444DCF" blockId="14.[817,1457,1370,1630]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCB4E62DFB9A4D28" box="[817,1107,1370,1390]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FC63E62DFB9A4D28" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[998,1107,1370,1390]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fimbriata">A. fimbriata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFB4FFB8FBD9E62DFB704D28" box="[1116,1209,1370,1390]" name="Argentina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Comodoro Rivadavia,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFB4FFB8FA09E62DFA784D28" box="[1420,1457,1370,1390]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
||
J6411 (3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCC9E6F8FC2F4DF8" blockId="14.[817,1457,1370,1630]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FCC9E6F8FC7E4DE5" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1777" box="[844,951,1423,1443]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCC9E6F8FC7E4DE5" box="[844,951,1423,1443]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. gibbosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mediterranean,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFB4FFB8FBE0E6F8FB654DE5" box="[1125,1196,1423,1443]" name="Tunisia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFB4FFB8FB3BE6F8FAC94DE5" box="[1214,1280,1423,1443]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E42476 (1); see O’Loughlin (2002).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCC9E6B2FC984DB5" blockId="14.[817,1457,1370,1630]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FCC9E6B2FC1B4D9F" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[844,978,1477,1497]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCC9E6B2FC1B4D9F" box="[844,978,1477,1497]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. gracilispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFB4FFB8FC58E6B2FB9B4D9F" box="[989,1106,1477,1497]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="523EF829FFB4FFB8FBD9E6B2FB424D9F" box="[1116,1163,1477,1497]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Agulhas, BMNH 1975.10.29.47 (1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCC9E68DFA564E48" blockId="14.[817,1457,1370,1630]" box="[844,1439,1530,1550]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FCC9E68DFC744E48" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[844,957,1530,1550]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCC9E68DFC744E48" box="[844,957,1530,1550]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. ocellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFB4FFB8FC4DE68DFBE74E48" box="[968,1070,1530,1550]" name="Mauritania" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Cape Lever, BMNH 1969.12.16.13 (1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCC9E562FB6B4E6F" blockId="14.[817,1457,1370,1630]" box="[844,1186,1557,1577]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FCC9E562FC624E6F" baseAuthorityName="Möbius" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[844,939,1557,1577]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCC9E562FC624E6F" box="[844,939,1557,1577]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. stellifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFB4FFB8FC30E562FBDB4E6F" box="[949,1042,1557,1577]" name="Argentina" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFB4FFB8FB9FE562FBF64E6F" box="[1050,1087,1557,1577]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
||
J6410 (1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCC9E558FACA4E18" blockId="14.[817,1457,1370,1630]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FCC9E558FBD34E05" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[844,1050,1583,1603]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Enoplopatiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="siderea">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCC9E558FBD34E05" box="[844,1050,1583,1603]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Enoplopatiria siderea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFB4FFB8FBA9E558FACA4E18" collectionCode="YPM" country="Panama" location="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFB4FFB8FBA9E558FB4A4E05" box="[1068,1155,1583,1603]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFB4FFB8FB16E558FB124E05" box="[1171,1243,1583,1603]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(assumed here to be mistaken locality),
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFB4FFB8FC65E53DFBD84E18" box="[992,1041,1610,1630]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||
No. 9830. New synonym.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB4FFB9FCB4E50BFDE54CC5" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB4FFB8FCB4E50BFA4A4F3B" blockId="14.[817,1457,1660,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCB4E50BFB694ED4" box="[817,1184,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description with species variations.</emphasis>
|
||
Rays 5; interradial margin incurved to varying extents, rays discrete, distally narrowly (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FCBFE5C0FC434E8B" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1777" box="[826,906,1719,1741]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCBFE5C0FC434E8B" box="[826,906,1719,1741]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">gibbosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or broadly (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FBA8E5C0FAD34E8B" box="[1069,1306,1719,1741]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FBA8E5C0FB474E8B" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[1069,1166,1719,1741]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fimbriata">fimbriata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FB25E5C0FAD34E8B" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[1184,1306,1719,1741]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilispina">gracilispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) rounded, or pointed (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FC10E5A3FBAC4EAC" box="[917,1125,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FC10E5A3FC314EAC" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[917,1016,1748,1770]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">ocellifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FB8EE5A3FBAC4EAC" baseAuthorityName="Mobius" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1035,1125,1748,1770]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellifera">stellifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); size large (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FA80E5A3FAAF4EAC" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[1285,1382,1748,1770]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FA80E5A3FAAF4EAC" box="[1285,1382,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ocellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
up to R =
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFB4FFB8FCE7E586FC654F41" box="[866,940,1777,1799]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="81.0">81 mm</quantity>
|
||
) to small (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FB9BE585FB4D4F4E" authorityName="Emson and Crump" authorityYear="1979" box="[1054,1156,1778,1800]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phylactica">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FB9BE585FB4D4F4E" box="[1054,1156,1778,1800]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">phylactica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
up to R = 7.5 mm); pedicellariae numerous abactinally, predominantly 2 valves, fasciculate (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FCBFE45BFB944F04" box="[826,1117,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FCBFE45BFC444F04" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1777" box="[826,909,1836,1858]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">gibbosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FC18E45BFBC94F04" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[925,1024,1836,1858]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">ocellifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FB95E45BFB944F04" baseAuthorityName="Möbius" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1040,1117,1836,1858]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellifer">stellifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a), or absent (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FB79E45BFCA44F26" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FB79E45BFA944F04" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[1276,1373,1836,1858]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fimbriata">fimbriata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FAE9E45BFCA44F26" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilispina">gracilispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); gonopores abactinal (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FBD8E43DFC424F3B" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FBD8E43DFB724F26" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[1117,1211,1866,1888]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fimbriata">fimbriata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FB42E43DFA884F26" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[1223,1345,1866,1888]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilispina">gracilispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FAC9E43DFA644F26" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[1356,1453,1866,1888]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">ocellifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FCB4E410FC424F3B" baseAuthorityName="Mobius" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[817,907,1895,1917]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellifera">stellifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) or actinal (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB4FFB8FB8CE410FB184F3B" box="[1033,1233,1895,1917]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FB8CE410FB954F3B" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1777" box="[1033,1116,1895,1917]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">gibbosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB4FFB8FBE2E410FB184F3B" authorityName="Emson and Crump" authorityYear="1979" box="[1127,1233,1895,1917]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phylactica">phylactica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); not fissiparous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FF26E397FE9A4B18" blockId="15.[131,772,224,1155]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Extensive abactinal papulate area of weakly notched or shallow crescentiform or rhombic (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE41E38AFDEC4955" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[452,549,253,275]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FE41E38AFDEC4955" box="[452,549,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ocellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) plates, narrow interradial non-papulate margin of proximally rounded plates; upper rays with variably developed carinal series of doubly notched plates (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FF51E222FDED492D" box="[212,548,341,363]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF51E222FEFC492D" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[212,309,341,363]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fimbriata">fimbriata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FEC3E222FE50492D" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1777" box="[326,409,341,363]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">gibbosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE2FE222FDED492D" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[426,548,341,363]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilispina">gracilispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), or irregular plates (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF09E204FF2F49CF" baseAuthorityName="Mobius" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[140,230,371,393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FF09E204FF2F49CF" box="[140,230,371,393]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">stellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or rhombic plates (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE45E204FDE849CF" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[448,545,371,393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FE45E204FDE849CF" box="[448,545,371,393]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ocellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); up to 4 longitudinal series of plates along each side of rays; papular spaces large, secondary plates and papulae numerous, small secondary plates may partly obscure (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FEE9E2BCFE0449A7" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[364,461,459,481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FEE9E2BCFE0449A7" box="[364,461,459,481]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ocellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or encroach on (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FD24E2BCFD3249A7" baseAuthorityName="Mobius" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[673,763,459,481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FD24E2BCFD3249A7" box="[673,763,459,481]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">stellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) primary plates; disc bordered by series of 5 radial and 5 interradial plates
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FE8FE172FE254A5D" box="[266,492,517,539]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE97E172FEAC4A5D" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1777" box="[274,357,517,539]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">gibbosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FEF7E172FE254A5D" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[370,492,517,539]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilispina">gracilispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) or not (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FDCBE172FEC34A7F" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FDCBE172FD664A5D" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[590,687,517,539]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fimbriata">fimbriata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FD3EE172FF6E4A7F" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">ocellifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF35E154FEC34A7F" baseAuthorityName="Mobius" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[176,266,547,569]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellifera">stellifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); abactinal plates with spinelet-bearing ridges and domes; denuded plates with glassy convexities (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FD2EE137FE1E4A35" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FD2EE137FD364A10" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1777" box="[683,767,576,598]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">gibbosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF06E12AFEC94A35" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[131,256,605,627]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilispina">gracilispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE88E12AFEB94A35" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[269,368,605,627]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">ocellifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FEF8E12AFE1E4A35" baseAuthorityName="Mobius" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[381,471,605,627]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellifera">stellifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) or reticulations (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FD13E12AFD3D4A35" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[662,756,605,627]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fimbriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FD13E12AFD3D4A35" box="[662,756,605,627]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">fimbriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); abactinal spinelets digitiform or conical, rounded distally; spinelets spaced on plates closely (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FDB1E1EFFD474AE8" baseAuthorityName="Mobius" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[564,654,664,686]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FDB1E1EFFD474AE8" box="[564,654,664,686]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">stellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or widely
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FF06E1C2FDF24A8D" box="[131,571,693,715]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF0FE1C2FF254A8D" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[138,236,693,715]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fimbriata">fimbriata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF73E1C2FE804A8D" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1777" box="[246,329,693,715]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">gibbosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FED6E1C2FE194A8D" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[339,464,693,715]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilispina">gracilispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE5FE1C2FDF24A8D" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[474,571,693,715]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">ocellifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), not in tufts; interradial plates in short series perpendicular to margin (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FD19E1A4FF144B40" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FD19E1A4FD364AAF" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[668,767,723,745]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">ocellifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF06E187FF144B40" baseAuthorityName="Mobius" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[131,221,752,774]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellifera">stellifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) or not (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FECEE187FD534B40" box="[331,666,752,774]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FECEE187FE654B40" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[331,428,752,774]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fimbriata">fimbriata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE39E187FDC64B40" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1777" box="[444,527,752,774]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">gibbosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FDA5E187FD534B40" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[544,666,752,774]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilispina">gracilispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); superomarginal and inferomarginal plates in distinct series, covered with abactinal-type spinelets; projecting inferomarginal plates form marginal edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FF26E012FD364BDE" blockId="15.[131,772,224,1155]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Actinal plates in oblique series (small specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FD68E012FF1A4BDF" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1777" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FD68E012FF1A4BDF" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. gibbosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; longitudinal series in large specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FD01E0F4FD384BDF" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1777" box="[644,753,899,921]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FD01E0F4FD384BDF" box="[644,753,899,921]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. gibbosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FF26E0D7FE954C6D" blockId="15.[131,772,224,1155]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Actinal spines per plate: oral 4–9; suboral 1-4; furrow 2–5 proximally, webbed; subambulacral 1–3; adradial row of actinal plates with complete series of spines; actinal interradial predominantly
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFB5FFB9FE98E08FFE944C48" box="[285,349,1016,1038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 in</quantity>
|
||
mid-interradius; interradial actinal spines digitiform to conical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FF26E745FDE54CC5" blockId="15.[131,772,224,1155]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lacking superambulacral and superactinal plates; interradial margin supported by contiguous internal tongue-like extensions of abactinal and actinal plates.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB5FFB9FF06E7EEFDA54C8A" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FF06E7EEFDA54C8A" blockId="15.[131,771,1177,1228]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FF06E7EEFF374CE9" box="[131,254,1177,1199]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Atlantic Ocean, Europe, SW and S Africa, SE and S South America; Mediterranean Sea;
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFB5FFB9FD8EE7C1FDA04C8A" box="[523,617,1206,1228]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
||
0–
|
||
<specimenCount id="86FCFD42FFB5FFB9FDA0E7C1FDA04C8A" box="[549,617,1206,1228]" count="250" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">250 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFB5FFB9FF06E794FC0D4D80" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FF06E794FF0F4D80" blockId="15.[131,772,1250,1918]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FF06E794FF154CBF" box="[131,220,1251,1273]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The principal characters in this new diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF06E677FF104D50" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[131,217,1280,1302]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FF06E677FF104D50" box="[131,217,1280,1302]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are: papular spaces with numerous small papulae and secondary plates, not predominantly single large papulae; abactinal spinelets opaque, digitiform to conical, not glassy and fine; actinal plates in oblique and longitudinal series; internal contiguous projections from abactinal and actinal plates support the margin; lacking superambulacral and superactinal plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FF26E6BAFDD34ED5" blockId="15.[131,772,1250,1918]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Molecular evidence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FEFAE6BAFD834DA5" author="Waters, J. M. & O'Loughlin, P. M. & Roy, M. S." box="[383,586,1485,1507]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="872 - 878" refId="ref37522" refString="Waters, J. M., O'Loughlin, P. M., and Roy, M. S. 2004. Molecular systematics of some Indo-Pacific asterinids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea): does taxonomy reflect phylogeny? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 872 - 878." type="journal article" year="2004">Waters et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, clade VI) places
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF06E69CFEC04E47" authorityName="Emson and Crump" authorityYear="1979" box="[131,265,1515,1537]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phylactica">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FF06E69CFEC04E47" box="[131,265,1515,1537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. phylactica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE4AE69CFDF34E47" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1777" box="[463,570,1515,1537]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FE4AE69CFDF34E47" box="[463,570,1515,1537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. gibbosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the basis of the diagnosis the following species are removed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FD14E57FFD2E4E58" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[657,743,1544,1566]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FD14E57FFD2E4E58" box="[657,743,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to other genera:
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FE88E552FDDC4ED5" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE88E552FE914E7D" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[269,344,1573,1595]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tegulaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alba">A. alba</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FEE7E552FE114E7D" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[354,472,1573,1595]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="anomala">A. anomala</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE67E552FD464E7D" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[482,655,1573,1595]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Paranepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aucklandensis">A. aucklandensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FD1DE552FD364E7D" baseAuthorityName="Goto" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[664,767,1573,1595]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="batheri">A. batheri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF06E534FF254E1F" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[131,236,1603,1625]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="burtoni">A. burtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF70E534FEAC4E1F" baseAuthorityName="Muller & Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[245,357,1603,1625]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cepheus">A. cepheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FEEAE534FE2F4E1F" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[367,486,1603,1625]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">A. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE6AE534FDB54E1F" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[495,636,1603,1625]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="corallicola">A. corallicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FD03E534FD364E1F" box="[646,767,1603,1625]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coronata">A. coronata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF06E517FED84E30" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[131,273,1632,1654]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hartmeyeri">A. hartmeyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE9FE517FE544E30" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[282,413,1632,1654]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="heteractis">A. heteractis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE22E517FDEE4E30" baseAuthorityName="Livingstone" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[423,551,1632,1654]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inopinata">A. inopinata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FDB5E517FD544E30" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[560,669,1632,1654]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miniata">A. miniata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FD22E517FD364E30" baseAuthorityName="Hayashi" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[679,767,1632,1654]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="minor">A. minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF06E50AFED94ED5" baseAuthorityName="Muller and Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[131,272,1661,1683]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinifera">A. pectinifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE9FE50AFE424ED5" baseAuthorityName="de Loriol" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[282,395,1661,1683]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sarasini">A. sarasini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FE10E50AFDDC4ED5" baseAuthorityName="Livingstone" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[405,533,1661,1683]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scobinata">A. scobinata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FF26E5EDFB974A7F" blockId="15.[131,772,1250,1918]" lastBlockId="15.[809,1450,224,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FF66E5EDFEA04EF6" author="Clark, A. M." box="[227,361,1690,1712]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="359 - 380" refId="ref34913" refString="Clark, A. M. 1983. Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 3. The families Ganeriidae and Asterinidae, with description of a new asterinid genus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology) 45 (7): 359 - 380." type="journal article" year="1983">Clark (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered that the rhombic and noncrescentic form of the large primary plates in the radial field, and the proliferation of small secondary plates to the extent that abactinal plates become obscured peripherally, distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF06E467FF3B4F60" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[131,242,1808,1830]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Allopatiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FF06E467FF3B4F60" box="[131,242,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Allopatiria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FEB9E467FE5B4F60" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[316,402,1808,1830]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FEB9E467FE5B4F60" box="[316,402,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FE21E467FD774F60" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[420,702,1808,1830]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref35034" refString="Clark, A. M., and Downey, M. E. 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall (Natural History Museum Publications): London. 794 pp, 75 figs, 113 pls." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted superficial similarity of similarly sized specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FF06E43CFF3B4F27" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[131,242,1867,1889]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Allopatiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FF06E43CFF3B4F27" box="[131,242,1867,1889]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Allopatiria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FEB7E43CFE414F27" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[306,392,1867,1889]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FEB7E43CFE414F27" box="[306,392,1867,1889]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We have found that the form of abactinal plates and number of secondary plates are not generically significant. In diagnosing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FB3BE397FC014955" authority=", Clark and Downey (1992)" authorityName=", Clark and Downey" authorityYear="1992" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Allopatiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FB3BE397FAE448B0" box="[1214,1325,224,246]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Allopatiria</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FAC5E397FC014955" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref35034" refString="Clark, A. M., and Downey, M. E. 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall (Natural History Museum Publications): London. 794 pp, 75 figs, 113 pls." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
referred to “additional internal plates” supporting the margin. If such superactinal plates were present they might justify the retention of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FBDEE24FFB034908" authorityName=", Clark and Downey" authorityYear="1992" box="[1115,1226,312,334]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Allopatiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FBDEE24FFB034908" box="[1115,1226,312,334]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Allopatiria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. But we did not confirm their presence. What could appear to be superactinal plates are long internal projections of distal abactinal and actinal plates. This is a character shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FB29E2E7FACB49E0" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[1196,1282,400,422]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FB29E2E7FACB49E0" box="[1196,1282,400,422]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FABCE2E7FA6149E0" authorityName=", Clark and Downey" authorityYear="1992" box="[1337,1448,400,422]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Allopatiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FABCE2E7FA6149E0" box="[1337,1448,400,422]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Allopatiria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is judged to be a junior synonym. A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FB65E2DAFAAF4985" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1248,1382,429,451]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref34965" refString="Clark, A. M. 1993. An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies 4: 187 - 366. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FCACE2BCFC2149A7" authority="Gray, 1840" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[809,1000,459,481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FCACE2BCFCA649A7" box="[809,879,459,481]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Patiria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FCF3E2BCFC2149A7" author="Gray, J. E." box="[886,1000,459,481]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref35871" refString="Gray, J. E. 1840. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1) 6: 175 - 184; 275 - 290." type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FB9EE2BCFADC49A7" authority="Verrill, 1913" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[1051,1301,459,481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FB9EE2BCFB4449A7" box="[1051,1165,459,481]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterinides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FB11E2BCFADC49A7" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1172,1301,459,481]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="477 - 485" refId="ref37400" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1913. Revision of the genera of starfishes of the subfamily Asterininae. American Journal of Science (4) 35 (209): 477 - 485." type="journal article" year="1913">Verrill, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FC1EE29FFC3849B8" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[923,1009,488,510]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FC1EE29FFC3849B8" box="[923,1009,488,510]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FB81E29FFB4649B8" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[1028,1167,488,510]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1995" refId="ref36896" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. Pp. xiii + 510 in: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO: Melbourne. [as " Rowe (1995) " throughout paper]" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FB48E29FFCA54A5D" author="Campbell, A. C. & Rowe, F. W. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="129 - 136" refId="ref34776" refString="Campbell, A. C., and Rowe, F. W. E. 1997. A new species in the asterinid genus Patiriella (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from Dhofar, southern Oman: a temperate taxon in a tropical locality. Bulletin of the British Museum, (Natural History) (Zoology) 63 (2): 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="1997">Campbell and Rowe (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
supported the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FB04E171FB3A4A5A" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[1153,1267,518,540]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FB04E171FB3A4A5A" box="[1153,1267,518,540]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterinides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FA86E171FA804A5A" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1283,1353,518,540]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FA86E171FA804A5A" box="[1283,1353,518,540]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Patiria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is raised out of synonymy in this work.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FCCCE137FAF64B65" blockId="15.[809,1450,224,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FCCCE137FC2D4A10" author="O'Hara, T. D." box="[841,996,576,598]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="167 - 223" refId="ref36682" refString="O'Hara, T. D. 1998. Systematics and biology of Macquarie Island echinoderms. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 57 (2): 167 - 223." type="journal article" year="1998">O’Hara (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FB07E137FC954A35" authority="Koehler, 1920" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1920" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hamiltoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FB07E137FA8C4A10" box="[1154,1349,576,598]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina hamiltoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FAD7E137FC954A35" author="Koehler, R." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref36325" refString="Koehler, R. 1920. Echinodermata: Asteroidea. Scientific Reports of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition. C 8 (1): 308 pp., 75 pls." type="book" year="1920">Koehler, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FC08E129FAD34A35" authority="Koehler, 1920" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1920" box="[909,1306,605,628]" class="Insecta" family="Anthelidae" genus="Cycethra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macquariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FC08E129FB4A4A32" box="[909,1155,606,628]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cycethra macquariensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FB0CE12AFAD34A35" author="Koehler, R." box="[1161,1306,605,627]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref36325" refString="Koehler, R. 1920. Echinodermata: Asteroidea. Scientific Reports of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition. C 8 (1): 308 pp., 75 pls." type="book" year="1920">Koehler, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FAD6E129FBCC4AD7" authority="Koehler, 1917" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1917" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="frigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FAD6E129FCA74AD7" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina frigida</emphasis>
|
||
Koehler, 1917
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and assigned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FB16E10CFB3C4AD7" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1917" box="[1171,1269,635,657]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="frigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FB16E10CFB3C4AD7" box="[1171,1269,635,657]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. frigida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FA90E10CFC954AE8" authority="Bell, 1881" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Anthelidae" genus="Cycethra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FA90E10CFAB84AD7" box="[1301,1393,635,657]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cycethra</emphasis>
|
||
Bell,
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFB5FFB9FCACE1EFFC954AE8" box="[809,860,664,686]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.77774" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="1881.0">1881</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FC2BE1EFFBE94AE8" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[942,1056,664,686]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ganeriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FBABE1EFFB7E4AE8" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[1070,1207,664,686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1995" refId="ref36896" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. Pp. xiii + 510 in: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO: Melbourne. [as " Rowe (1995) " throughout paper]" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FAD6E1EFFB854A8D" authority="H. L. Clark, 1928" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1928" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FAD6E1EFFC554A8A" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina crassispina</emphasis>
|
||
H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FC50E1C2FB854A8D" author="Clark, H. L." box="[981,1100,693,715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="361 - 482" refId="ref35242" refString="Clark, H. L. 1928. The sea-lilies, sea-stars, brittle stars and sea-urchins of the South Australian Museum. Records of the South Australian Museum 3 (4): 361 - 482, figs 108 - 142." type="journal article" year="1928">Clark, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FB01E1C1FAE64A8A" baseAuthorityName="Pennant" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1156,1327,694,716]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FB01E1C1FAE64A8A" box="[1156,1327,694,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina gibbosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and judged the northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFB5FFB9FC2DE1A4FBCA4AAF" box="[936,1027,723,745]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
locality data to be incorrect. Based on an examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFB5FFB9FC76E187FBD64B40" box="[1011,1055,752,774]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FBC0E187FC6C4B65" authority=", VandenSpiegel et al. (1998)" authorityName="VandenSpiegel" authorityYear="1998" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FBC0E187FAC04B40" box="[1093,1289,752,774]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina spinigera,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FA94E187FC6C4B65" author="VandenSpiegel, D. & Lane, D. J. W. & Stampanato, S. & Jangoux, M." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="431 - 470" refId="ref37225" refString="VandenSpiegel, D., Lane, D. J. W., Stampanato, S. and Jangoux, M. 1998. The asteroid fauna (Echinodermata) of Singapore, with a distribution table and an illustrated identification to the species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 46 (2): 431 - 470." type="journal article" year="1998">VandenSpiegel et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymised it with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FB07E079FAF04B62" box="[1154,1337,782,804]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FB07E079FAF04B62" box="[1154,1337,782,804]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina coronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FCCCE05CFBD64CC5" blockId="15.[809,1450,224,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FCCCE05CFBBA4B07" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[841,1139,811,833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref35034" refString="Clark, A. M., and Downey, M. E. 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall (Natural History Museum Publications): London. 794 pp, 75 figs, 113 pls." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
summarised the characters thought to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FB93E03FFB404B18" baseAuthorityName="Gasco" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1046,1161,840,862]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pancerii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FB93E03FFB404B18" box="[1046,1161,840,862]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. pancerii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FB4BE03FFAF44B18" baseAuthorityName="Pennant" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1230,1341,840,862]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FB4BE03FFAF44B18" box="[1230,1341,840,862]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. gibbosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as: flatter and near pentagonal shape; fewer and larger skeletal plates; plates with coarse crystal bodies; and more numerous, usually three, suboral spines. O’Loughlin (2002) noted in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FABCE0D7FA614BF0" baseAuthorityName="Pennant" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1337,1448,928,950]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FABCE0D7FA614BF0" box="[1337,1448,928,950]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. gibbosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material: some conspicuous glassy convexities around the margin of abactinal plates; and some plates with up to three suboral spines. The near pentagonal body form and relative size of plates have been found to show variation within species in this study.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FC12E744FBCE4C0F" baseAuthorityName="Gasco" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[919,1031,1075,1097]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pancerii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FC12E744FBCE4C0F" box="[919,1031,1075,1097]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. pancerii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FAB0E744FA6B4C0F" baseAuthorityName="Pennant" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1333,1442,1075,1097]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FAB0E744FA6B4C0F" box="[1333,1442,1075,1097]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. gibbosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the absence of molecular evidence,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FB34E727FACC4C20" baseAuthorityName="Gasco" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1201,1285,1104,1126]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pancerii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FB34E727FACC4C20" box="[1201,1285,1104,1126]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pancerii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is retained here as a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FC46E719FBD04CC2" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[963,1049,1134,1156]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FC46E719FBD04CC2" box="[963,1049,1134,1156]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FCCCE7FCFC4B4D50" blockId="15.[809,1450,224,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFB5FFB9FCFFE7FCFC1A4CE7" box="[890,979,1163,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FC7EE7FCFB144CE7" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[1019,1245,1163,1185]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Enoplopatiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="siderea">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FC7EE7FCFB144CE7" box="[1019,1245,1163,1185]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Enoplopatiria siderea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was examined and found to conform in all morphological features with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FAD6E7DFFC4A4C9A" baseAuthorityName="Mobius" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FAD6E7DFFC4A4C9A" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina stellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFB5FFB9FC43E7B2FBDF4C9D" box="[966,1046,1221,1243]" name="Panama" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
type locality must be an error, since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FCACE794FC6A4CBF" baseAuthorityName="Mobius" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[809,931,1251,1273]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FCACE794FC6A4CBF" box="[809,931,1251,1273]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. stellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs on the east and west coasts of the South Atlantic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FCCCE66AFA534DCD" blockId="15.[809,1450,224,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FC5AE669FAD24D75" authority="Koehler, 1910" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1910" box="[991,1307,1309,1332]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lorioli">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FC5AE669FBB74D72" box="[991,1150,1310,1332]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina lorioli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FB0DE66AFAD24D75" author="Koehler, R." box="[1160,1307,1309,1331]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref36260" refString="Koehler, R. 1910. An account of the shallow-water Asteroidea. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum. 1 - 183, pls 1 - 20. Calcutta: Trustees of the Indian Museum." type="book" year="1910">Koehler, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FAD6E669FB984D17" authority="Perrier, 1875" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaezelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FAD6E669FC0F4D17" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina novaezelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFB5FFB9FC48E64CFB984D17" author="Perrier, E." box="[973,1105,1339,1361]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref36872" refString="Perrier, E. 1875. Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Paris. 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were not examined. Based on the descriptions, assignment to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FBC8E62FFB6A4D28" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[1101,1187,1368,1390]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FBC8E62FFB6A4D28" box="[1101,1187,1368,1390]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could not be confirmed. These species are placed incertae sedis, and discussed below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFB5FFB9FCCCE6E4FC0D4D80" blockId="15.[809,1450,224,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
All species placed here in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFB5FFB9FBD4E6E4FB6E4DEF" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[1105,1191,1427,1449]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFB5FFB9FBD4E6E4FB6E4DEF" box="[1105,1191,1427,1449]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from the Atlantic and Mediterranean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |