416 lines
61 KiB
XML
416 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="FD5C448B8ED28B10D53E23E163216685" ID-CLB-Dataset="29944" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0477c9d-3db9-4dc4-ae15-1fe7e02eb35f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1285044" ID-ZooBank="75A5698E-758E-473A-AE16-5118880AA412" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1528377456256" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hill, Robert L., Martin, Kathryn G., Stanley, Edward & Mendelson Iii, Joseph R." docDate="2018" docId="B27487B0723BFF9956A2F92BFA98F080" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4429.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4429 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hemiphractus panamensis Duellman 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="509" masterDocId="4E4DFFC87230FF975635FFCBFFACF150" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the genus Hemiphractus (Anura: Hemiphractidae) in Panama: Description of Two New Species, Resurrection of Hemiphractus panamensis (Stejneger, 1917), and Discussion of Hemiphractus fasciatus Peters, 1862" masterLastPageNumber="512" masterPageNumber="495" pageNumber="506" updateTime="1698547954368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="1647CC45A5FCA500742B7BAB81FA0131" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C5B797579B0651DEB02A36D24821EC82">
|
||
<mods:title id="C325A1DA5A76AC58CB18AAF5E0F688AE">A taxonomic review of the genus Hemiphractus (Anura: Hemiphractidae) in Panama: Description of Two New Species, Resurrection of Hemiphractus panamensis (Stejneger, 1917), and Discussion of Hemiphractus fasciatus Peters, 1862</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="EEE496A05B084D61CEDB669FD992184E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0C2A5D397B384C75339EE27ABC747F94">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B8AEDF968B57E5F0AD43C18CD26D5225">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="12E3E527F3BCAFDADA085AF93D7F211F">Hill, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="EFCE0312DB198AAF97F0A50DD74F5BDD" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F48C336EF620F7B82DA70F871600164F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="83023F9456FC43018306D973FB96CFF3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2C58CBF92854FB0C5C63F508BD37E6C4">Martin, Kathryn G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="472F7E2B3CD184BDEB4E9A5760E6B9AE" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5AB267CEC16236310E7C3FC809909E60">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4AFB9BC62DBC476949EACDA60A88B681">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="966994EAC3C71405D783884024CA60AE">Stanley, Edward</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7ED6DFE08BFC9D7C2FCE5A59819D79B7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="ACD94C08C1E3F9841180DFF71773E30E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B67AC197113B5C9F5DDECFC4271FCB5D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F604BD45D975BCF41756278C68B506A3">Mendelson Iii, Joseph R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="48DF5C28EA839DF76EC9CE9550BB5B72">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A19ED4AED3397187135036DE8F770B05" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D3A233C7E6B51F70E793E4708D7F025F">
|
||
<mods:title id="A20F37AD938AB090D6E9A86131DB12B5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="E6E12BE484A5CF09C3DACB30AF5B47AD">
|
||
<mods:date id="9A69BC5B4927C92F70C858906FFEF25D">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="9E86CFCCEDB9092DD2C63CD176734801" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="74509BBA06FE7F8A75EDEA83B72183CC">2018-06-07</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="6E134EB82A2F530879B3CCF6FB4A535F" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="82D7DFD0B61644853313E2B0DA17F5B7">4429</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A3CECC351BE299E1B18D791734BFDCAB" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="5755CEA18C890F003B4728C66C0BD141">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="6879E5F70CB8407C53DFE05936DE9375" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="AD25531A768E3F9808B001B49A9CAE45">495</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="4064900EDD92837E0C9A53FC0783C106">512</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="1161A4D01EA137EEA493D2CF044FCF67">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="530DA87E22DBFDD2858D317925D341AA" type="CLB-Dataset">29944</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2B95AFB281B28E6E8B7F3F21484B1EE3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FE1CE33EBBA95615A08E3742218DB34F" type="GBIF-Dataset">e0477c9d-3db9-4dc4-ae15-1fe7e02eb35f</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CC55FC943C73079F42B66FD84C764525" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="78E9EF97B06F5E08D55FC520DF24B255" type="Zenodo-Dep">1285044</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="26DE1BA1FEB6BDF453C898D576DDD225" type="ZooBank">75A5698E-758E-473A-AE16-5118880AA412</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="B27487B0723BFF9956A2F92BFA98F080" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5993158" ID-GBIF-Taxon="145927892" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5993158" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B27487B0723BFF9956A2F92BFA98F080" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B27487B0723BFF9956A2F92BFA98F080" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<subSubSection id="72C7652D723BFF9C56A2F92BFECAF64C" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6236A6723BFF9C56A2F92BFE76F7AA" blockId="11.[151,474,1760,1821]" box="[151,474,1760,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<heading id="612A81CA723BFF9C56A2F92BFE76F7AA" bold="true" box="[151,474,1760,1786]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723BFF9C56A2F92BFE76F7AA" ID-CoL="3KRS5" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,474,1760,1786]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723BFF9C56A2F92BFE76F7AA" bold="true" box="[151,474,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Hemiphractus panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6236A6723BFF9C56A2F8CFFECAF64C" blockId="11.[151,474,1760,1821]" box="[151,358,1796,1821]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723BFF9C56ABF8CFFF41F64C" box="[158,237,1796,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1708,1730]" captionTargetBox="[200,1402,209,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[185,1409,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of live specimens of Hemiphractus from Panama. (A) Specimen of H. panamensis photographed in situ (T. Herman); sex and SVL unknown. (B) Specimen of H. panamensis displaying mouth gaping behavior while being handled (E. Baitchman); sex and SVL unknown. (C) Live specimen of H. panamensis photographed in situ (T. Herman); sex and SVL unknown. Specimens of H. panamensis all found at Cerro Brewster, Panama, Panama. (D, E) Adults of H. elioti, from Altos de María, near El Valle de Antón, Panama (B. Wilson, courtesy of El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center); probably males, SVL unknown. (F) Captive adult female of H. elioti with eggs (B. Wilson, courtesy of El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center); SVL unknown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285050/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">FIgS. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723BFF9C56CFF8CFFEA6F64C" box="[250,266,1796,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[383,1207,217,1071]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[352,1235,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the heads and dorsal and ventral views of preserved specimens of Hemiphractus spp. from Panama. (A) Hemiphractus elioti (adult male holotype, SVL = 25.4 mm, head length = 12.0 mm). (B) H. kaylockae (adult female holotype, SVL = 54.2 mm, head length = 24.3 mm). (C) H. panamensis (adult female KU 116353, SVL = 40.4 mm, head length = 20.0 mm). The outline of the subtemporal fossae of the skulls typically are visible (and palpable) in preserved specimens; here they are delineated by dashed lines. Photographs by A. Thompson, courtesy of Zoo Atlanta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285052/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723BFF9C5723F8CFFE8AF64D" box="[278,294,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1259,1281]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1237]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,409,1237]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Condition of the vomer and neopalatine relationships of the Hemiphractus spp. considered in this paper. (A) adult male of H. kaylockae (UMMZ 152624), showing narrow separation between odontoids on vomers and neopalatines. (B) Adult male H. elioti AMNH 124113), showing contact between odontoids on vomers and neopalatines. (C, D) adult females of H. panamensis (KU 116353) and H. fasciatus (holotype), showing wide separation between odontoids on the vomers and palatines, as well as the reduced number of vomerine odontoids compared to H. elioti and H. kaylockae. Figures are presented in similar, but not fully equivalent scales." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285056/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723BFF9C5707F8CEFEEEF64C" box="[306,322,1797,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[425,1161,193,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[425,1161,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Preserved holotype of Cerathyla (= Hemiphractus) panamensis Stejneger, 1917. Specimen (USNM 55320) is an adult female, SVL = 59.3 mm. Photographs courtesy of USNM curatorial staff." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285058/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723BFF9C577BF8CFFEF1F64C" box="[334,349,1796,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,555,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[340,1247,555,1465]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. High-resolution Computed Tomography reconstructions of the skulls of Hemiphractus panamensis, the holotype of H. fasciatus, and an unidentified specimen of Hemiphractus from Prov. Nariño, Colombia (KU 200261). This latter specimen was initially identified and catalogued as H. fasciatus; we are unsure of its actual taxonomic identity because it resembles neither the holotype of H. fasciatus nor any of the material from Panama." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285062/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">9</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="72C7652D723BFF9B56A2F88DFA9CF561" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6236A6723BFF9C56A2F88DFC18F62B" blockId="11.[151,1436,1862,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="8AB53CFB723BFF9C56A2F88DFCA4F62B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1848580530" collectionCode="USNM" country="Panama" county="Prov" location="Signal Loma" municipality="Santa Isabel" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" specimenCode="USNM 55320" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723BFF9C56A2F88DFDB7F60C" ID-CoL="SL7Z" authority="Stejneger 1917" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,539,1862,1885]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Cerathyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723BFF9C56A2F88DFED5F60D" box="[151,377,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Cerathyla panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E4C4B57723BFF9C57B5F88DFDB7F60C" box="[384,539,1862,1884]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refId="ref10075" refString="Stejneger, L. (1917) A new species of horned tree-toad from Panama. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 301, 31 - 34." type="journal article">Stejneger 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="E5668804723BFF9C5411F88DFD2AF60C" box="[548,646,1862,1884]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="6A7B9EDD723BFF9C54BAF88DFC8DF60C" box="[655,801,1862,1884]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">USNM 55320</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="E5668804723BFF9C551FF88CFCF0F60C" box="[810,860,1863,1884]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<location id="3F02607D723BFF9C558EF88DFB91F60C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B27487B0723BFF9956A2F92BFA98F080:3F02607D723BFF9C558EF88DFB91F60C" box="[955,1085,1862,1884]" country="Panama" county="Prov" municipality="Santa Isabel" name="Signal Loma" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Signal Loma</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="3F02607D723BFF9C527FF88DFB6CF60C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B27487B0723BFF9956A2F92BFA98F080:3F02607D723BFF9C527FF88DFB6CF60C" box="[1098,1216,1862,1884]" country="Panama" county="Prov" municipality="Santa Isabel" name="Loma Peak" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Loma Peak</location>
|
||
) on the north coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723BFF9C56F2F8ADFEB6F62B" box="[199,282,1894,1915]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, three miles [
|
||
<quantity id="FD259B43723BFF9C5795F8AEFE47F62B" box="[416,491,1893,1915]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" unit="km" value="4.8">4.8 km</quantity>
|
||
] south of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="DA06ACDC723BFF9C5465F8AEFD61F62B" box="[592,717,1893,1915]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Santa Isabel</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="D3034E2A723BFF9C54E2F8ADFCA4F62B" box="[727,776,1894,1915]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Prov</collectingCounty>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="8AB53CFB723BFF9C5527F8AEFC1CF62B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1848580531" box="[786,944,1893,1915]" country="Panama" location="Colon" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colon" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F819F844723BFF9C5527F8AEFCFEF62B" box="[786,850,1893,1915]" country="Panama" name="Colon" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Colón</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723BFF9C5568F8ADFC1CF62B" box="[861,944,1894,1915]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6236A6723BFF9B56A2F84FFE59F1FE" blockId="11.[151,1436,1862,2038]" lastBlockId="12.[199,501,152,174]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723BFF9C56A2F84FFDAEF6CA" ID-CoL="3KRRY" authority="Trueb 1974" authorityName="Trueb" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,514,1924,1946]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723BFF9C56A2F84FFE2AF6CA" box="[151,390,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Hemiphractus fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E4C4B57723BFF9C57B8F84FFDAEF6CA" box="[397,514,1924,1946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refId="ref10105" refString="Trueb, L. (1974) Systematic relationships of Neotropical horned frogs, genus Hemiphractus (Anura: Hylidae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 29, 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 11750" type="journal article">Trueb 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[in part; for reference to specimens from Chagres Highlands,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F819F844723BFF9C5242F84FFB61F6CA" box="[1143,1229,1924,1946]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723BFF9C5242F84FFB61F6CA" box="[1143,1229,1924,1946]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E4C4B57723BFF9C52E9F84FFA2DF6CA" box="[1244,1409,1924,1946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refId="ref9466" refString="Duellman, W. (2001) The Hylid Frogs of Middle America. Vol. 2. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Contributions in Herpetology, Ithaca, New York, 1170 pp." type="book">Duellman, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[in part; for reference to specimens from Chagres Highlands,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F819F844723BFF9C5523F869FCC0F6E8" box="[790,876,1954,1976]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723BFF9C5523F869FCC0F6E8" box="[790,876,1954,1976]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E4C4B57723BFF9C5549F869FBFCF6E8" box="[892,1104,1954,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refId="ref9366" refString="Crawford, A., Cruz, C., Griffith, E., Ross, H., Ibanez, R., Lips, K. & Crump, P. (2012) DNA barcoding applied to ex situ tropical amphibian conservation programme reveals cryptic diversity in captive populations. Molecular Ecology Resources, 13, 1005 - 1018." type="journal article">
|
||
Crawford
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723BFF9C55D1F868FBB4F6E8" box="[996,1048,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[in part, for samples from Cerro Brewster, Prov.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F819F844723BFF9C5747F809FE69F687" box="[370,453,1986,2007]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723BFF9C5747F809FE69F687" box="[370,453,1986,2007]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F819F844723BFF9C57E1F80AFD86F687" box="[468,554,1985,2007]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723BFF9C57E1F80AFD86F687" box="[468,554,1985,2007]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E4C4B57723BFF9C540AF80AFCD1F687" box="[575,893,1985,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refId="ref9200" refString="Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Padial, J., de La Riva, I., Pombal Junior, J., da Silva, H., Rojas-Runjaic, F. J. M., Medina-Mendez, E. & Frost, D. (2015) Phylogenetic systematics of egg-brooding frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and the evolution of direct development. Zootaxa, 4004 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4004.1.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Castroviejo-Fisher
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723BFF9C5532F809FC93F687" box="[775,831,1985,2007]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[in part, for samples from Cerro Bruja and Cerro Brewster, Prov.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F819F844723BFF9C575AF82AFE6EF6A6" box="[367,450,2017,2038]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723BFF9C575AF82AFE6EF6A6" box="[367,450,2017,2038]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F819F844723BFF9C57E5F82BFD8AF6A6" box="[464,550,2016,2038]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723BFF9C57E5F82BFD8AF6A6" box="[464,550,2016,2038]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
]; Köhler, 2011 [figs. 472, 473; in part; for map showing isolated populations in the Chagres Highlands,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F819F844723CFF9B57A0FF53FE47F1FE" box="[405,491,152,174]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723CFF9B57A0FF53FE47F1FE" box="[405,491,152,174]" name="Panama" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6236A6723CFF9B56A2FF11FA9CF561" blockId="12.[151,1438,218,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B56A2FF11FDA7F1A3" bold="true" box="[151,523,218,243]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">Re-description of the Holotype.</emphasis>
|
||
MEDIUM-SIzED ADULT FEMALE, SVL 59.3 MM (NOT INCLUDINg PROBOSCIS); TIBIA LENgTh 31.2 MM (NOT INCLUDINg CALCAR); FOOT LENgTh 27.3 MM; hEAD LENgTh 26.6 MM (NOT INCLUDINg PROBOSCIS); hEAD wIDTh 31.4 MM; SNOUT–PARAOCCIPITAL PROCESS LENgTh 25.8 MM; TYMPANUM OVOID, 5.2 MM hIgh X 2.6 MM wIDE; EYE DIAMETER 7.4 MM; INTERORBITAL DISTANCE 12.0 MM; EYE–TYMPANUM DISTANCE 3.3 MM; BODY MODERATE; hEAD LARgE, wIDER ThAN BODY, gREATEST wIDTh AT LEVEL OF PARS ARTICULARIS, BEARINg PROMINENT PARAOCCIPITAL PROCESSES; PARAOCCIPITAL PROCESSES PROjECTINg POSTEROLATERALLY IN DORSAL VIEw, EXTENDINg POSTERIOR TO LEVEL OF PARS ARTICULARIS; SkIN CO-OSSIFIED OVER DORSAL SURFACE OF SkULL; OCCIPITAL RIDgES INDISTINCT, PARAOCCIPITAL RIDgES PRESENT, wEAkLY DEVELOPED; SUPRAORBITAL AND CANThAL RIDgES SLIghTLY DEVELOPED; zYgOMATIC AND PREORBITAL RIDgES ABSENT; CANThUS ROSTRALIS INDISTINCT; LOREAL REgION FLAT; PROBOSCIS ShORT, FLEShY, POINTED, TRIANgULAR IN CROSS SECTION; SNOUT ANgLINg POSTERIORLY AT APPROXIMATELY 45o FROM hORIzONTAL; NOSTRILS OVOID, SLIghTLY PROTUBERANT, PROjECTINg DORSALLY, SLIghTLY LATERALLY; LIPS NOT FLARED. TOP OF hEAD RELATIVELY FLAT; INTERORBITAL REgION 38 % hEAD wIDTh; EYE DIAMETER 24 % hEAD wIDTh; gREATEST DIAMETER 70 % TIMES EYE DIAMETER; wIDTh OF TYMPANUM 84 % TIMES EYE–TYMPANUM DISTANCE; UPPER EYELID APPEARINg TO BEAR ONLY A SINgLE ENLARgED POINTED PROjECTION, SCATTERED SMALLER TUBERCLES ABSENT; INTERORBITAL, POSTORBITAL TUBERCLES ABSENT; SkIN OVER POSTERIOR SURFACE OF PARS ARTICULARIS BEARINg ONE LARgE, FLEShY TUBERCLE. TONgUE LARgE, OVOID; MANDIBLE BEARINg SERRATIONS ALONg ENTIRE LENgTh OF LOwER jAw, wITh TwO PROMINENT, TUSk-LIkE ODONTOIDS PROjECTINg FROM MENTOMECkELIAN BONES. AXILLARY MEMBRANE ABSENT; ThORACIC FOLD ABSENT; DERMAL FOLDS ON wRISTS ABSENT; FINgERS LONg, SLENDER, BEARINg SLIghTLY ENLARgED DISTAL PADS; INNER OUTER METACARPAL TUBERCLES PRESENT, BUT CONDITION OF SPECIMEN DOES NOw ALLOw FOR ACCURATE DESCRIPTION; RELATIVE LENgThS OF FINgERS: III> IV> II> I; LATERAL FLANgES APPEAR TO BE ABSENT ON FINgERS; CONDITION OF SPECIMEN DOES NOT PERMIT DESCRIPTION, OR DETERMINATION OF PRESENCE/ ABSENCES OF TUBERCLES ON FOREARMS; wEBBINg ON hANDS ABSENT. HEELS OF ADPRESSED hIND LIMBS OVERLAP; TIBIOTARSAL ARTICULATION NOT EXTENDINg TO SNOUT whEN hINDLIMB EXTENDED; CONDITION OF SPECIMEN DOES NOT PERMIT DESCRIPTION OF TARSAL FOLDS; TIBIA LENgTh 53 % SVL; FOOT LENgTh 46 % SVL; INNER AND OUTER METATARSAL TUBERCLES PRESENT, BUT CONDITION IS UNCLEAR; PRESENCE OF CONDITION OF LATERAL FRINgE ON TOES UNCLEAR; CALCAR PRESENT, SMALL; RELATIVE LENgThS OF TOES: IV> V> III> II> I; wEBBINg BASAL. CLOACAL OPENINg DIRECTED POSTEROVENTRALLY AT MIDLEVEL OF ThIgh.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="72C7652D723CFF9B56F2FBF5FD40F401" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6236A6723CFF9B56F2FBF5FD40F401" blockId="12.[151,1438,218,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">
|
||
TEXTURE AND COLORATION OF ThE SkIN, AS wELL AS ThE FINER DETAILS OF ThE hANDS AND FEET ARE UNCLEAR, AS ThE TYPE SPECIMEN IS qUITE DESICCATED. SIMILARLY, ThE DESICCATED NATURE OF ThE hOLOTYPE MAkES IT UNCLEAR ThE LEVEL TO whICh ThE TRANSVERSE PROCESSES OF ThE VERTEBRAE ARE CO-OSSIFIED wITh ThE SkIN. ThE PUPIL IS NOT VISIBLE. IN ALL MAjOR MORPhOLOgICAL FEATURES AND MEASUREMENTS, STEjNEgER’S (1917) DESCRIPTION CLOSELY MATChES ThE CURRENT CONDITION OF ThE hOLOTYPE (USNM 55330). EXCEPTIONS INCLUDE COLORATION NOTES AND TEXTURAL DETAILS OF ThE SkIN, VARIOUS TUBERCLES, AND DIgITAL PADS (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E4C4B57723CFF9B576DFB3AFD98F45A" box="[344,564,1265,1290]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" refId="ref10075" refString="Stejneger, L. (1917) A new species of horned tree-toad from Panama. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 301, 31 - 34." type="journal article">STEjNEgER 1917: 32</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ALL OF whICh ARE NOw FADED OR PhYSICALLY DISTORTED—EVIDENTLY AS A RESULT OF DESICCATION AT SOME POINT IN ITS hISTORY. LIkEwISE, ThE INDENTATIONS OF EggS ON ThE DORSAL SURFACE OF ThIS FEMALE ThAT
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E4C4B57723CFF9B56A2FAF2FED0F402" box="[151,380,1337,1362]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" refId="ref10075" refString="Stejneger, L. (1917) A new species of horned tree-toad from Panama. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 301, 31 - 34." type="journal article">STEjNEgER (1917: 33)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
DESCRIBED NO LONgER ARE EVIDENT.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="72C7652D723CFF9B56F2FA96FE76F68A" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6236A6723CFF9B56F2FA96FE76F68A" blockId="12.[151,1438,218,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B56F2FA96FEEDF426" bold="true" box="[199,321,1373,1398]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B577DFA96FDDEF425" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1970" box="[328,626,1373,1397]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B577DFA96FDDEF425" box="[328,626,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">Hemiphractus panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MAY BE DISTINgUIShED FROM ALL SPECIES OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B5271FA96FB4FF425" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" box="[1092,1251,1373,1397]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B5271FA96FB4FF425" box="[1092,1251,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">Hemiphractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
EXCEPT
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B530CFA95FE8DF4C9" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B530CFA95FA3BF425" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[1337,1431,1373,1397]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elioti">H. elioti</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B56A2FA49FE8DF4C9" authorityName="Trueb" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,289,1409,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">H. fasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B5706FA49FE7CF4C9" box="[307,464,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B5706FA49FE60F4C9" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[307,460,1409,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaylockae">H. kaylockae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
AND
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B5425FA49FD3EF4C9" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[528,658,1410,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B5425FA49FD3EF4C9" box="[528,658,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. scutatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
BY NOT hAVINg A POSTORBITAL INDENTATION (PRESENT IN OThER SPECIES).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B56A2FA6EFE6CF4ED" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,448,1445,1469]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B56A2FA6EFE6CF4ED" box="[151,448,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">Hemiphractus panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MAY BE DISTINgUIShED FROM
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B54CDFA6DFCD0F4ED" box="[760,892,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B54CDFA6DFCD4F4ED" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[760,888,1446,1469]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">H. scutatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
AN AMAzONIAN SPECIES NOT OCCURRINg IN PANAMA, BY ITS SMALLER SIzE (MAXIMUM SVL IN MALES 52.5 VS. 57.4, FEMALES 64.7 VS. 80.5; DATA FOR
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B52A1FA01FABFF4B1" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1172,1299,1482,1505]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B52A1FA01FABFF4B1" box="[1172,1299,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. scutatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
FROM
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E4C4B57723CFF9B536FFA01FF7FF756" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" refId="ref10105" refString="Trueb, L. (1974) Systematic relationships of Neotropical horned frogs, genus Hemiphractus (Anura: Hylidae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 29, 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 11750" type="journal article">TRUEB 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), AND BY hAVINg SMALL EXPANDED PADS ON ThE FINgERS AND TOES (ABSENT IN
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B526FFA25FB73F755" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1114,1247,1518,1541]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B526FFA25FB73F755" box="[1114,1247,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. scutatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B52C8FA26FEB7F779" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1970" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B52C8FA26FEB7F779" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">Hemiphractus panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
DIFFERS FROM
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B57F1F9D9FD8BF779" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[452,551,1553,1577]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elioti">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B57F1F9D9FD8BF779" box="[452,551,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. elioti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
AND
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B545EF9D9FCA8F779" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[619,772,1553,1577]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaylockae">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B545EF9D9FCA8F779" box="[619,772,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. kaylockae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
BY hAVINg NEOPALATINE AND VOMERINE ODONTOIDS wIDELY SEPARATED (VS. IN CONTACT IN
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B57E1F9FDFD9FF71D" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[468,563,1589,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elioti">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B57E1F9FDFD9FF71D" box="[468,563,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. elioti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
AND NARROwLY SEPARATED IN
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B5558F9FDFBAEF71D" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[877,1026,1589,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaylockae">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B5558F9FDFBAEF71D" box="[877,1026,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. kaylockae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723CFF9B5226F9FDFBF4F71E" box="[1043,1112,1589,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1259,1281]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1237]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,409,1237]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Condition of the vomer and neopalatine relationships of the Hemiphractus spp. considered in this paper. (A) adult male of H. kaylockae (UMMZ 152624), showing narrow separation between odontoids on vomers and neopalatines. (B) Adult male H. elioti AMNH 124113), showing contact between odontoids on vomers and neopalatines. (C, D) adult females of H. panamensis (KU 116353) and H. fasciatus (holotype), showing wide separation between odontoids on the vomers and palatines, as well as the reduced number of vomerine odontoids compared to H. elioti and H. kaylockae. Figures are presented in similar, but not fully equivalent scales." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285056/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">FIg. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B5245F9FEFA30F71D" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1970" box="[1136,1436,1589,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B5245F9FEFA30F71D" box="[1136,1436,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">Hemiphractus panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
APPEARS TO hAVE ONLY ABOUT TwO ODONTOIDS ON EACh VOMER, whEREAS
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B5592F991FBAAF721" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[935,1030,1625,1649]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elioti">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B5592F991FBAAF721" box="[935,1030,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. elioti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
AND
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B5276F991FB75F721" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[1091,1241,1625,1649]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaylockae">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B5276F991FB75F721" box="[1091,1241,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. kaylockae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
BOTh hAVE ABOUT SEVEN (CONDITION UNkNOwN IN
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B57C9F9B5FD2CF7C5" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[508,640,1662,1685]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B57C9F9B5FD2CF7C5" box="[508,640,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. scutatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723CFF9B54A1F9B5FD72F7C6" box="[660,734,1661,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1259,1281]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1237]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,409,1237]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Condition of the vomer and neopalatine relationships of the Hemiphractus spp. considered in this paper. (A) adult male of H. kaylockae (UMMZ 152624), showing narrow separation between odontoids on vomers and neopalatines. (B) Adult male H. elioti AMNH 124113), showing contact between odontoids on vomers and neopalatines. (C, D) adult females of H. panamensis (KU 116353) and H. fasciatus (holotype), showing wide separation between odontoids on the vomers and palatines, as well as the reduced number of vomerine odontoids compared to H. elioti and H. kaylockae. Figures are presented in similar, but not fully equivalent scales." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285056/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">FIg. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B54CCF9B6FB86F7C5" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1970" box="[761,1066,1661,1685]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B54CCF9B6FB86F7C5" box="[761,1066,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">Hemiphractus panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MAY BE DISTINgUIShED FROM
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B53B4F9B5FEABF7E9" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaylockae">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B53B4F9B5FEABF7E9" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. kaylockae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
BY hAVINg A STRAIghT LATERAL MARgIN OF ThE PARAOCCIPITAL hORNS (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723CFF9B55E9F969FB83F7EA" box="[988,1071,1698,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[205,1391,663,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[205,1391,663,1606]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. High-resolution Computed Tomography reconstructions of the skulls of Hemiphractus elioti new species (female: UMMZ 152622; male: AMNH 124113) and H. kaylockae new species (female: KU 93506; male: UMMZ 152624)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285048/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">FIgS. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723CFF9B5208F969FBE1F7EA" box="[1085,1101,1698,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,555,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[340,1247,555,1465]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. High-resolution Computed Tomography reconstructions of the skulls of Hemiphractus panamensis, the holotype of H. fasciatus, and an unidentified specimen of Hemiphractus from Prov. Nariño, Colombia (KU 200261). This latter specimen was initially identified and catalogued as H. fasciatus; we are unsure of its actual taxonomic identity because it resembles neither the holotype of H. fasciatus nor any of the material from Panama." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285062/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">9</figureCitation>
|
||
); SUPRAORBITAL RIDgES EVIDENT, wEAkLY DEVELOPED (ABSENT OR wEAkLY DEVELOPED IN
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B54EFF90DFC94F78D" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[730,824,1733,1757]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elioti">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B54EFF90DFC94F78D" box="[730,824,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. elioti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
AND
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B5547F90DFBA9F78D" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[882,1029,1733,1757]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaylockae">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B5547F90DFBA9F78D" box="[882,1029,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. kaylockae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723CFF9B5223F90DFBCAF78E" box="[1046,1126,1734,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[205,1391,663,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[205,1391,663,1606]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. High-resolution Computed Tomography reconstructions of the skulls of Hemiphractus elioti new species (female: UMMZ 152622; male: AMNH 124113) and H. kaylockae new species (female: KU 93506; male: UMMZ 152624)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285048/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">FIgS. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723CFF9B5241F90DFB28F78E" box="[1140,1156,1734,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,555,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[340,1247,555,1465]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. High-resolution Computed Tomography reconstructions of the skulls of Hemiphractus panamensis, the holotype of H. fasciatus, and an unidentified specimen of Hemiphractus from Prov. Nariño, Colombia (KU 200261). This latter specimen was initially identified and catalogued as H. fasciatus; we are unsure of its actual taxonomic identity because it resembles neither the holotype of H. fasciatus nor any of the material from Panama." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285062/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">9</figureCitation>
|
||
); CANThAL RIDgES EVIDENT, DISTINCT (ABSENT OR wEAkLY DEVELOPED IN
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B54B1F921FD4BF651" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[644,743,1769,1793]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elioti">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B54B1F921FD4BF651" box="[644,743,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. elioti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723CFF9B54CBF921FCF8F652" box="[766,852,1770,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[205,1391,663,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[205,1391,663,1606]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. High-resolution Computed Tomography reconstructions of the skulls of Hemiphractus elioti new species (female: UMMZ 152622; male: AMNH 124113) and H. kaylockae new species (female: KU 93506; male: UMMZ 152624)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285048/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">FIgS. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723CFF9B5552F921FCDBF652" box="[871,887,1770,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,555,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[340,1247,555,1465]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. High-resolution Computed Tomography reconstructions of the skulls of Hemiphractus panamensis, the holotype of H. fasciatus, and an unidentified specimen of Hemiphractus from Prov. Nariño, Colombia (KU 200261). This latter specimen was initially identified and catalogued as H. fasciatus; we are unsure of its actual taxonomic identity because it resembles neither the holotype of H. fasciatus nor any of the material from Panama." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285062/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B55A1F922FB6BF651" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1970" box="[916,1223,1769,1793]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B55A1F922FB6BF651" box="[916,1223,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">Hemiphractus panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hAS A VERY LARgE SUBTEMPORAL FENESTRA APPROXIMATELY 1.5 X SIzE OF ThE ORBIT IN FEMALES (MALES UNkNOwN), SUBTEMPORAL FENESTRA APPROXIMATELY ONE-ThIRD DIAMETER OF ThE ORBIT IN BOTh MALES AND FEMALES IN
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B55C7F8F9FB29F619" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[1010,1157,1841,1865]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaylockae">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B55C7F8F9FB29F619" box="[1010,1157,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. kaylockae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, APPROXIMATELY ONE-hALF DIAMETER OF ORBIT IN FEMALES OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B5432F89DFDCAF63D" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[519,614,1877,1901]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elioti">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B5432F89DFDCAF63D" box="[519,614,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. elioti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(VERY SMALL IN MALES), APPROXIMATELY ONE-hALF DIAMETER OF ThE ORBIT IN FEMALES OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B5720F8B1FE30F6C1" authorityName="Trueb" authorityYear="1974" box="[277,412,1913,1937]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B5720F8B1FE30F6C1" box="[277,412,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MALES UNkNOwN); LATERAL MARgINS OF ThE qUADRATOjUgAL EXTENDINg FAR BEYOND ThE PROFILE OF ThE PARAOCCIPITAL hORNS IN DORSAL VIEw (ABOUT TO LEVEL OF PARAOCCIPITAL hORNS, OR SLIghTLY BEYOND,
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B5338F855FEADF689" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B5338F855FADCF6E5" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[1293,1392,1949,1973]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elioti">H. elioti</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B53B4F855FF52F689" authorityName="Trueb" authorityYear="1974" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">H. fasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
AND
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723CFF9B570DF809FE66F689" authorityName="Hill & Martin & Stanley & Mendelson Iii" authorityYear="2018" box="[312,458,1985,2009]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaylockae">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723CFF9B570DF809FE66F689" box="[312,458,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">H. kaylockae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="6EA2662E723DFF9A56A2F975FC15F7A3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285058/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" startId="13.[151,250,1726,1748]" targetBox="[425,1161,193,1705]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6236A6723DFF9A56A2F975FC15F7A3" blockId="13.[151,1436,1726,1779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723DFF9A56A2F975FEB8F784" bold="true" box="[151,276,1726,1748]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723DFF9A5436F975FDC4F784" authorityName="Jiménez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" box="[515,616,1726,1748]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Cerathyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723DFF9A5436F975FDC4F784" box="[515,616,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">Cerathyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723DFF9A54BBF975FCB1F784" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" box="[654,797,1726,1748]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723DFF9A54BBF975FCB1F784" box="[654,797,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">Hemiphractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723DFF9A5518F974FBE2F784" authority="Stejneger, 1917" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1917" box="[813,1102,1726,1748]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723DFF9A5518F974FC08F784" box="[813,932,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
Stejneger, 1917
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Specimen (USNM 55320) is an adult female, SVL = 59.3 mm. Photographs courtesy of USNM curatorial staff.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="72C7652D723DFF9956F2F8D4FCF4F1A8" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6236A6723DFF9A56F2F8D4FA30F6BC" blockId="13.[151,1436,1823,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723DFF9A56F2F8D4FDAEF668" bold="true" box="[199,514,1823,1848]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723DFF9A5424F8D4FCEFF667" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1917" box="[529,835,1823,1847]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723DFF9A5424F8D4FCEFF667" box="[529,835,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">Hemiphractus panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
IS kNOwN FROM SPECIMENS COLLECTED FROM CENTRAL
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F819F844723DFF9A56A2F88FFF5CF60C" box="[151,240,1860,1884]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723DFF9A56A2F88FFF5CF60C" box="[151,240,1860,1884]" name="Panama" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
IN ThE PROVINCES OF
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F819F844723DFF9A57E0F88FFDB5F60C" box="[469,537,1860,1884]" country="Panama" name="Colon" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">COLON</collectingRegion>
|
||
AND SAN BLAS wIThIN OR IN PROXIMITY TO whAT IS NOw ThE ChAgRES NATIONAL PARk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723DFF9A56AAF8A3FF49F6D0" box="[159,229,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1517,1539]" captionTargetBox="[355,1232,1034,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[340,1247,1021,1496]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. A map of the known distributions of the three species of Hemiphractus recognized herein, from Panama. Type localities are white symbols, black symbols represent localities for museum vouchers and photographic records (see Fig. 3). Symbols represent H. elioti (triangles); H. panamensis (circles), and H. kaylockae (square). At this time, we know of no confirmed records of these species from neighboring Costa Rica or Colombia, and we posit that H. fasciatus Peters, 1862, does not occur in Panama, but more likely is restricted to Ecuador and perhaps part of Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285054/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">FIg. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). SPECIMENS hAVE BEEN COLLECTED AT ~750 M ELEVATION IN LOwER MONTANE FORESTS wITh hIgh RAINFALL (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E4C4B57723DFF9A5364F8A3FF7FF6F4" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" refId="ref9759" refString="Myers, C. (1966) The distribution and behavior of a tropical horned frog Cerathyla panamensis Stejneger. Herpetologica, 22, 68 - 71." type="journal article">MYERS 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E4C4B57723DFF9A56DDF847FED1F6F4" box="[232,381,1932,1956]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" refId="ref10105" refString="Trueb, L. (1974) Systematic relationships of Neotropical horned frogs, genus Hemiphractus (Anura: Hylidae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 29, 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 11750" type="journal article">TRUEB (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
REPORTED A LARgE SPECIMEN (KU 93503) ThAT CONTAINED “…AN UNIDENTIFIED gASTROPOD, A LIzARD (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723DFF9A5695F864FEECF697" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" box="[160,320,1967,1991]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Ptychoglossus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723DFF9A5695F864FEECF697" box="[160,320,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">Ptychoglossus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), AND A DENDROBATID FROg (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723DFF9A5441F864FD54F697" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1866" box="[628,760,1967,1991]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723DFF9A5441F864FD54F697" box="[628,760,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">Colostethus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) IN ThE STOMACh.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E4C4B57723DFF9A55F3F87BFBCEF698" box="[966,1122,1967,1992]" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" refId="ref9759" refString="Myers, C. (1966) The distribution and behavior of a tropical horned frog Cerathyla panamensis Stejneger. Herpetologica, 22, 68 - 71." type="journal article">MYERS (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
REPORTED
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723DFF9A52E6F87BFAD0F697" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1917" box="[1235,1404,1968,1991]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723DFF9A52E6F87BFAD0F697" box="[1235,1404,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">H. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
TO DISPLAY MOUTh gAPINg BEhAVIOR AND BITINg whEN ACCOSTED (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723DFF9A5507F81FFC27F6BC" box="[818,907,2004,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1708,1730]" captionTargetBox="[200,1402,209,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[185,1409,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of live specimens of Hemiphractus from Panama. (A) Specimen of H. panamensis photographed in situ (T. Herman); sex and SVL unknown. (B) Specimen of H. panamensis displaying mouth gaping behavior while being handled (E. Baitchman); sex and SVL unknown. (C) Live specimen of H. panamensis photographed in situ (T. Herman); sex and SVL unknown. Specimens of H. panamensis all found at Cerro Brewster, Panama, Panama. (D, E) Adults of H. elioti, from Altos de María, near El Valle de Antón, Panama (B. Wilson, courtesy of El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center); probably males, SVL unknown. (F) Captive adult female of H. elioti with eggs (B. Wilson, courtesy of El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center); SVL unknown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285050/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="508">FIg. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). AN INDIVIDUAL COLLECTED BY MYERS IN 1964 AT
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6236A6723EFF9956A2FF53FCF4F1A8" blockId="14.[151,1438,151,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
|
||
ALTOS DE PACORA (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F819F844723EFF995754FF53FD9CF1E0" box="[353,560,152,176]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723EFF995754FF53FE11F1E0" box="[353,445,152,176]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
PROVINCE
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
) wAS “ON A STICk LYINg ON BARE SOIL, IN A ROADSIDE DITCh AT NIghT. TwO LIVE SPECIMENS OBSERVED AT NIghT BY T. HERMAN AND COLLEAgUES (PERS. COMM.) AT CERRO BREwSTER (PANAM PROVINCE) wERE OBSERVED ON VEgETATION <1 M ABOVE gROUND LEVEL (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2E62A23723EFF9954E5FF2BFCE7F1A8" box="[720,843,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1708,1730]" captionTargetBox="[200,1402,209,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[185,1409,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of live specimens of Hemiphractus from Panama. (A) Specimen of H. panamensis photographed in situ (T. Herman); sex and SVL unknown. (B) Specimen of H. panamensis displaying mouth gaping behavior while being handled (E. Baitchman); sex and SVL unknown. (C) Live specimen of H. panamensis photographed in situ (T. Herman); sex and SVL unknown. Specimens of H. panamensis all found at Cerro Brewster, Panama, Panama. (D, E) Adults of H. elioti, from Altos de María, near El Valle de Antón, Panama (B. Wilson, courtesy of El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center); probably males, SVL unknown. (F) Captive adult female of H. elioti with eggs (B. Wilson, courtesy of El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center); SVL unknown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1285050/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">FIg. 3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="72C7652D723EFF9956F2FECFFA98F080" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6236A6723EFF9956F2FECFFA98F080" blockId="14.[151,1438,151,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723EFF9956F2FECFFE97F04D" bold="true" box="[199,315,260,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
WhILE OSTEOLOgICAL ChARACTERS OF ThE SkULL wOULD NOT SEEM TO BE USEFUL DIAgNOSTIC ChARACTERS IN ThE ABSENCE OF SkELETAL SPECIMENS OR RADIOgRAPhY, wE NOTE ThAT ThE DISTINCTLY ENLARgED SUBTEMPORAL FENESTRA OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDDD4D25723EFF9953B4FEE2FEB7F034" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1917" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08A9EAB4723EFF9953B4FEE2FEB7F034" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">H. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
CAN BE DETECTED BY MANUAL PALPATION AND IS ALSO VISIBLE EVEN IN PhOTOgRAPhS OF LIVINg SPECIMENS. DESPITE ThE RELATIVE PROXIMITY OF ThE RANgE OF ThIS SPECIES TO
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F819F844723EFF99550CFEBBFC66F0D8" box="[825,970,368,392]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723EFF99550CFEBBFC3EF0D8" box="[825,914,368,392]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
CITY
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENTS SUCh
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723EFF9953B0FEBBFA30F0D8" box="[1413,1436,368,392]" name="American Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
ThE
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F819F844723EFF99568AFE5FFEB4F0FC" box="[191,280,404,428]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723EFF99568AFE5FFEB4F0FC" box="[191,280,404,428]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
CANAL AND VARIOUS SMIThSONIAN FIELD STATIONS, RELATIVELY FEw SPECIMENS OF ThIS SPECIES APPEAR TO EXIST IN MUSEUM COLLECTIONS.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42CA7636723EFF9957B1FE73FE0FF080" box="[388,419,440,464]" name="American Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
A RESULT, DATA REgARDINg VARIATION IN COLORATION AND MORPhOMETRY ARE UNAVAILABLE.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |