151 lines
13 KiB
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151 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5479532" ID-ISSN="1809-127X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5479532" approvalRequired="58" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="55" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1630357722281" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Llanqui, Irbin B., Y. Salas, Cinthya & Oblitas, Melissa P." docDate="2019" docId="900E87F7FFA59601FF5DFDB2B5DE35ED" docLanguage="en" docName="CheckList.2019.15.5.773-796.pdf" docOrigin="Check List 15 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/15.5.773" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BB30DA0EB5D11E1D6FE264CD32192DE2.1:CheckList.2017-.journal_article.annotatedlist" docStyleId="BB30DA0EB5D11E1D6FE264CD32192DE2" docStyleName="CheckList.2017-.journal_article.annotatedlist" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Rhinella marina" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="779" masterDocId="6C37FF8FFFA39607FFF5FF8EB52D3030" masterDocTitle="A preliminary checklist of amphibians and reptiles from the vicinity of La Nube Biological Station, Bahuaja-Sonene National Park, Peru" masterLastPageNumber="796" masterPageNumber="773" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" updateTime="1630965745605" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A preliminary checklist of amphibians and reptiles from the vicinity of La Nube Biological Station, Bahuaja-Sonene National Park, Peru</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Llanqui, Irbin B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Y. Salas, Cinthya</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oblitas, Melissa P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Check List</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2019-09-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>773</mods:start>
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<mods:end>796</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/15.5.773</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.15560/15.5.773</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1809-127X</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5479532" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5479532" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:900E87F7FFA59601FF5DFDB2B5DE35ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/900E87F7FFA59601FF5DFDB2B5DE35ED" lastPageNumber="779" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">
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<subSubSection box="[168,549,572,597]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[168,549,572,597]" box="[168,549,572,597]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">
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<heading box="[168,549,572,597]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[168,549,572,597]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,549,572,597]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,352,572,597]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Rhinella marina</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="779" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[168,774,621,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,401,622,646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Field observations; (
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<geoCoordinate box="[648,771,621,646]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-13.422222">13°25′20″S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[168,317,655,680]" degrees="069" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-69.61">069°36′36″W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<date box="[334,497,656,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" value="2013-09-22" valueMax="2013-09-28" valueMin="2013-09-22">22–28.IX.2013</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[166,777,705,1200]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,330,705,729]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Identification.</emphasis>
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The largest toad in the Peruvian Amazon, SVL
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<quantity box="[226,355,739,763]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.385" metricValueMax="1.8699999999999999" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" unit="mm" value="138.5" valueMax="187.0" valueMin="90.0">90–187 mm</quantity>
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in males and
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<quantity box="[513,644,739,763]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.91" metricValueMax="2.87" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" unit="mm" value="191.0" valueMax="287.0" valueMin="95.0">95–287 mm</quantity>
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in females. It can be identified by its large size, highly tuberculate dorsum, granular venter, large and prominent parotoid glands. Dorsum and flanks vary from grayish tan, olivebrown or even reddish brown, usually with dark brown or black spots, especially in females. Venter dull cream or white, commonly with black mottling. Similar species in nearby localities are:
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[436,616,975,999]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttatus">
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<emphasis box="[436,616,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Rhaebo guttatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which differs by having a smooth dorsum orange-tan to olive-tan, the sides of the head and flanks are brown;
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poeppigii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Rhinella poeppigii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which has flattened parotoids with borders poorly defined and never hypertrophied (
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<bibRefCitation author="Duellman WE" box="[534,704,1109,1133]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" pagination="352" refId="ref14598" refString="Duellman WE (1978) The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in amazonian Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications. Museum of Natural History University of Kansas 65: 352." type="journal article" year="1978">Duellman 1978</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Duellman WE" box="[715,771,1109,1133]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" refId="ref14627" refString="Duellman WE (2005) Cusco Amazonico. The lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian Rianforest. Comstock Publishing, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Rodriguez LO & Duellman WE" box="[168,503,1143,1167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref17254" refString="Rodriguez LO, Duellman WE (1994) Guide to the frogs of the Iquitos Region, Amazonian Peru. The University of Kansas Natural History Museum, Special Publication 22: 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7937" type="journal article" year="1994">Rodriguez and Duellman 1994</bibRefCitation>
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, de la
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<bibRefCitation author="Riva I de la" box="[573,688,1143,1167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" pagination="49 - 57" refId="ref15817" refString="Riva I de la (2002) Taxonomy and distribution of the South American toad Bufo poeppigii Tschudi, 1845 (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Graellsia 58 (1): 49 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / graellsia. 2002. v 58. i 1.266" type="journal article" year="2002">Riva 2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Cole CJ & Townsend CR & Reynolds RP & MacCulloch RD & Lathrop A" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" pagination="317 - 578" refId="ref14069" refString="Cole CJ, Townsend CR, Reynolds RP, MacCulloch RD, Lathrop A (2013) Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 125 (4): 317 - 578. https: // doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 x- 125.4.317" type="journal article" year="2013">Cole et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="779" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[168,775,1226,1351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">
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<emphasis box="[168,775,1226,1250]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,317,1226,1250]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[327,506,1226,1250]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
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<emphasis box="[327,506,1226,1250]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Rhinella marina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distributed along the
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</emphasis>
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east of the Andes throughout Amazonia in
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<collectingCountry box="[634,716,1260,1284]" name="Bolivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[213,321,1293,1317]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[335,427,1293,1317]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, French Guiana,
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<collectingCountry box="[623,710,1293,1317]" name="Guyana" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[725,775,1294,1317]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Peru</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[214,326,1327,1351]" name="Venezuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Acevedo AA & Lampo M & Cipriani R" box="[339,552,1327,1351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" pagination="574 - 586" refId="ref13378" refString="Acevedo AA, Lampo M, Cipriani R (2016) The cane or marine toad, Rhinella marina (Anura, Bufonidae): two genetically and morphologically distinct species. Zootaxa 4103 (6): 574 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4103.6.7" type="journal article" year="2016">Acevedo et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Frost DR" box="[563,678,1327,1351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" refId="ref15004" refString="Frost DR (2019) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. http: // research. amnh. org / herpetology / amphibia / index. html. Accessed on: 2019 - 05 - 01" type="url" year="2019">Frost 2019</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="779" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[167,776,1376,1501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,279,1377,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The characters listed above can be insufficient to distinguish between
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[415,522,1411,1434]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
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<emphasis box="[415,522,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">R. marina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[573,704,1411,1434]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poeppigii">
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<emphasis box="[573,704,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="779">R. poeppigii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, especially in juvenile individuals; see discussion in de la
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<bibRefCitation author="Riva I de la" pageId="6" pageNumber="779" pagination="49 - 57" refId="ref15817" refString="Riva I de la (2002) Taxonomy and distribution of the South American toad Bufo poeppigii Tschudi, 1845 (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Graellsia 58 (1): 49 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / graellsia. 2002. v 58. i 1.266" type="journal article" year="2002">Riva (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |