treatments-xml/data/DE/6C/09/DE6C09F5C5D658FCB1906F6B7F7D5A93.xml

<document id="F4AD12140E806D0B118C5A64075D0DEE" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158" ID-publisher-id="136158" URI-arpha="A6789751-2315-5696-825D-10FF9451A221" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1737566998102" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Błaszkowski, Janusz, Zubek, Szymon, Milczarski, Paweł, Malinowski, Ryszard, Niezgoda, Piotr &amp; Goto, Bruno Tomio" docDate="2025" docId="DE6C09F5C5D658FCB1906F6B7F7D5A93" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 112: 253-276" docOrigin="MycoKeys 112" docSource="https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/136158/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.mycokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.mycokeys" docTitle="Dominikia paraminuta Blaszk., Niezgoda &amp; B. T. Goto 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="276" masterDocId="A678975123155696825D10FF9451A221" masterDocTitle="New taxa and a combination in Glomerales (Glomeromycota, Glomeromycetes)" masterLastPageNumber="276" masterPageNumber="253" pageNumber="253" updateTime="1737567085748" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="496945DEE16DF98FD9D44F5DC01B6443">New taxa and a combination in Glomerales (Glomeromycota, Glomeromycetes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E24E5CF0CA69AF41C773EFE461F87B6A">Błaszkowski, Janusz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ED2730DED55FBD050D74BF19B96A1128">Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Słowackiego 17, PL- 71434 Szczecin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="636190FCDB89D1C122D0F44BE8FCF011">Zubek, Szymon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="071A5CBD8960082C70248352F4B5EC0B">Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30 - 387, Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BDF1C4CD7DF345F9FD0E7A3A73C5BB5C">Milczarski, Paweł</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FCB7F45749023757CB5A7B07E44CAC8F">Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Słowackiego 17, PL- 71434 Szczecin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="019566E627E54836E1F699255E80AD7B">Malinowski, Ryszard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="20AE961AC1C73DFFF5958DEE8AA5ECE2">Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Słowackiego 17, PL- 71434 Szczecin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="351E53C9EF89A6C415BD5431303E6781">Niezgoda, Piotr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FAA59142A53683888C6BF9395BE0D7BB">Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Słowackiego 17, PL- 71434 Szczecin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9AF74FCF8F12E371A8461054DE0ADCEF">Goto, Bruno Tomio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4AACF07E6EBDC48AAC5A896A62EABD16">Department of Genetic, Plant Breeding &amp; Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Słowackiego 17, PL- 71434 Szczecin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="CC6D89381FA8E748EE6DF4D970518ADD">
<taxonomicName id="D2DBD70FC4321C5CAFB578DC360655DE" authority="Blaszk., Niezgoda &amp; B. T. Goto" authorityName="Blaszk., Niezgoda &amp; B. T. Goto" authorityYear="2025" class="Glomeromycetes" family="Dominikiaceae" genus="Dominikia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glomerales" phylum="Glomeromycota" rank="species" species="paraminuta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D20FC7CDD0B9E9D77EDAA678FD5C5DFB" italics="true">Dominikia paraminuta</emphasis>
Błaszk., Niezgoda &amp; B. T. Goto
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D91555EDC8089B0BC4DD55874187CF5A" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B2954F0915F02A3B8BAE0E9940CE8819" type="description">
<paragraph id="FAF7578F5D3EC47EB4EF325F4FFED6A8">
<figureCitation id="DA1F214822616A599E9D935993697596" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">Fig. 2 A – H</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJEBG" type="material">
<paragraph id="81A3AAF58774EB01F6736CF18E5C4882">
<heading id="D78EE29469DE087DE598FC7F53987BBB" reason="title">Specimens examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E4A7F93E35878C6FC7A5029A5C93BC3">
<collectingCountry id="1A89E8C4A87C88465DF3F57A2F37B06E" name="Poland">Poland</collectingCountry>
. Pomeranian Province, spores from single-species cultures established from spores extracted from trap pot cultures inoculated with rhizosphere soil and root fragments of 
<taxonomicName id="CD4FE886F6E8CD4AE2386AFFF9145500" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ammophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenaria">
<emphasis id="462A5F7D4898D8A7607C5119D5EA8C6A" italics="true">Ammophila arenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Hel Peninsula maritime dunes (
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<geoCoordinate id="1B2422F9214C8AF5D029735F17B88EA1" degrees="54" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="54.75861">54 ° 45 ' 31 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FB738EDCAB0F029A68BE083438985AF7" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="18.510555">18 ° 30 ' 38 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
and 
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<geoCoordinate id="6264836B38BEF7032701D82AF28045C4" degrees="54" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="54.699444">54 ° 41 ' 58 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="B3E739BED97ACD897C12AE6037D54FE1" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="18.676666">18 ° 40 ' 36 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
), 
<date id="5FD033C9C7666D890C5FAF05EA0EA97E" value="2012-08-14">14 Aug 2012</date>
, 
<collectionCode id="B9C398F54F6AC4F7ADFEE8F171582869" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Błaszkowski (
<emphasis id="97E85B298B843A5EC4DB282B5C35B4CD" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="50BD3EB42E8688781E8DFAFE4D172AD2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: slide with spores 
<collectionCode id="0C1F8F428B043EECA8F56AB80374BB53" country="Switzerland" name="Universität Zürich" type="Herbarium">Z</collectionCode>
+ 
<collectionCode id="3C4FEB503109C4F7EC53DBEDC28EF66D" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15611" name="Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich" type="Herbarium">ZT</collectionCode>
Myc 0067480; 
<emphasis id="2C17197D7F9C6937D6A005376DCA8CEB" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="9F7E8C94D4761A984FF57FEDC519E2F5" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: slides with spores nos. 3979–3987, 
<collectionCode id="A8189BB59F7A4FFB74CC677E2698B699">LPPDSE</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQFBG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E6CCC0995FA434E0127F920032761A54">
<heading id="07EA28707FF20D67A689963AFAAE8F7E" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="53AED3EF6A65A27A0E656ECD39B91F4E">
Latin, 
<emphasis id="9F53AB51FF0BD641685F59B59EE792D2" italics="true">paraminuta</emphasis>
, referring to 
<emphasis id="98A9A430B43D1BCDF649235FA2C407E7" italics="true">D. minuta</emphasis>
, the phylogenetic sister of this new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E1FBG" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="284864E59933FD3B362F99311F10DE93">
<heading id="D022A57B574971295D592EF9DC490C40" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="20F25A23DB7E42E05D7AD8B8AE6B094B">
Differs from 
<taxonomicName id="B19D6A97B9BCA4C37B4CD3E239039CFF" class="Glomeromycetes" family="Glomeraceae" genus="Dominikia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glomerales" phylum="Glomeromycota" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="942881981B946C5E66C1E1985D5E674C" italics="true">D. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the phylogenetic sister, in (i) morphometric features of spores and their spore wall, (ii) the spore wall structure, (iii) phenotypic properties of spore wall layer 1, and (iv) nucleotide composition of sequences of the 45 
<collectionCode id="CED4762E9E467286BF34A9BDB8AD66B8" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
nuc rDNA region (see “ Discussion ” for details).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELGBG" type="description">
<paragraph id="C713F2173DD56A9742D4EBA8DC900B2C">
<heading id="D37070DB67A22425AAB48BC8DCBFFD8F" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="584B014A89011E82F92DB550B9064E9C">
Forming loose to compact hypogeous clusters with five to ca. 25 randomly distributed spores and sterile hyphae (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="48719230D352001598D76EC12A69DD1C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">2 A – D</figureCitation>
). Spores glomoid, arising blastically at tips of subtending hyphae (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="9CD327378D1DD904DF1264B198BE4E3E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">2 A, B, F, G</figureCitation>
) branched from a parent hypha continuous with a mycorrhizal extraradical hypha. 
<emphasis id="A7C2B5468F4960E0FA76EBB576D1FF0B" bold="true" italics="true">Spores</emphasis>
hyaline; globose to subglobose; (23 –) 31 (– 39) µm diam; rarely ovoid to oblong, 14–33 × 26–71 µm; with one subtending hypha (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="842A4C28BBBAD6B78FB3ABC842AB5C08" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">2 A – G</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="DEA4B86ADE7065B823CE81E648A100BF" bold="true" italics="true">Spore wall</emphasis>
composed of three hyaline layers (layers 1–3; Fig. 
<figureCitation id="14DAA38A720BF76478EDB5C0054E426A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">2 D – G</figureCitation>
). Layer 1, forming the spore surface, uniform (without visible sublayers), semi-permanent, (0.8 –) 1.3 (– 2.0) µm thick when smooth, often with local thickenings, (1.2 –) 2.1 (– 3.8) µm thick, randomly distributed on the spore surface, rarely strongly or completely sloughed off in aged spores (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="964CC319D6C247389885744C25EF8F73" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">2 D – G</figureCitation>
). Layer 2 laminate, permanent, smooth, (1.0 –) 1.4 (– 2.0) µm thick, consisting of very thin, &lt;0.5 µm, sublayers tightly adherent to and not separating from each other even in vigorously crushed spores (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="2846EC5D0D08C50799929B9B41DD0E78" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">2 D – G</figureCitation>
). Layer 3 uniform, permanent, smooth, ca. 0.6–0.8 µm thick, usually tightly adherent to the inner surface of layer 2 and, therefore, difficult to detect. Layers 1–3 do not stain in Melzer’s reagent (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="0B42207090F156A6DA2B7A73A0345E94" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">2 E – G</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="141E654440711E5EB23161D6256519E9" bold="true" italics="true">Subtending hypha</emphasis>
hyaline; straight or recurved, usually cylindrical to funnel-shaped, rarely slightly constricted at the spore base, (3.8 –) 5.7 (– 9.5) µm wide at the spore base (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="550BAED2447F8227FB1B54DA5F656504" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">2 A, B, F, G</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="BA3FA73870D8029808BC6D6705177ED9" bold="true" italics="true">Wall of subtending hypha</emphasis>
hyaline; (1.6 –) 2.2 (– 2.9) µm thick at the spore base; composed of three layers continuous with spore wall layers 1–3 (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="9C0EC1DC5325ABD3EE2D09C173E389DE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">2 F, G</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="852171B8B5B94CD628893758DF31564C" bold="true" italics="true">Pore</emphasis>
(1.0 –) 1.9 (– 5.8) µm diam, usually open (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="F5AC79A4AC4A3D74B4FAAC1BA6599D4C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">2 F</figureCitation>
), very rarely occluded by a curved septum connecting the inner surfaces of subtending hyphal wall layer 3; septum 0.4–0.6 µm thick, located ca. 2.0 µm below the spore base (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="7AC8D4D240ECA831881143C8C4F4A0FF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">2 G</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="1FD1BD63B2FCB3E5A9E63AF55FEF4A50" bold="true" italics="true">Sterile hyphae</emphasis>
hyaline, (2.8 –) 4.4 (– 5.2) µm wide (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="FAE82764FA58E101977B8044A28B78BC" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">2 B, C</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="24CFDD5631AB418D8C52AF2BA681D129" bold="true" italics="true">Germination</emphasis>
unknown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0ECE8A0A36B4A07A7DD45AFF5E1031A5" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" ID-arpha="EC55A0CA-9E05-527D-A495-6760A1EB6046" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="CA08B34710C0C7CB6E612BF6F4E91808">
<label id="5E8D477131DA1416194D6D53519850D6">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F1EC86940E3975521EEA796BD164E2D5">
<taxonomicName id="B635A41D818E46D8C6A0720E4E08184A" authorityName="Blaszk., Niezgoda &amp; B. T. Goto" authorityYear="2025" class="Glomeromycetes" family="Glomeraceae" genus="Dominikia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glomerales" phylum="Glomeromycota" rank="species" species="paraminuta">
<emphasis id="2C8BD7ED98949017342E4217A55374A0" italics="true">Dominikia paraminuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FBCFF94D9E1B827AB654E25514EDBD8E" bold="true">A – C</emphasis>
cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) 
<emphasis id="05ECA306F6F743AE11A909A60E35CD47" bold="true">D – G</emphasis>
spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in 
<emphasis id="669D7D39E7832D3F58F89243AA9DA661" bold="true">G, H</emphasis>
arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of 
<taxonomicName id="345B430034D3EE4757F835479505691E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="E9D33B06097742D842D54AC77AEBAE70" italics="true">Plantago lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue 
<emphasis id="4AB44ED2E70C4634FFF2B4AD78C2EE85" bold="true">C, D, H</emphasis>
spores and mycorrhizal structures in 
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3JBG" xlink_title="polyvinyl alcohol/lactic acid/glycerol">PVLG</abbrev>
<emphasis id="C1FA7E3568838D2C39201CB08F7F222F" bold="true">E, F, G</emphasis>
spores in 
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECKBG" xlink_title="polyvinyl alcohol/lactic acid/glycerol">PVLG</abbrev>
+ Melzer’s reagent 
<emphasis id="5DD2D4CBE84C82809A056E398EAB6F1A" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
scanning electron microscopy 
<emphasis id="E80F1EEE1204AF84F241715CE1EC88E8" bold="true">C – H</emphasis>
differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (
<emphasis id="0A01E8628D93502B8F60196B4E446A46" bold="true">A</emphasis>
); 20 μm (
<emphasis id="F70F7549354BB606937F582F6B67C5F4" bold="true">B</emphasis>
); 10 μm (
<emphasis id="C7E439355D6FC209A715D5BA62040104" bold="true">C – H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVKBG" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="8444B0A061D124EA794314CC8F832804">
<heading id="20550F448389C6172B481BE8DF131CF1" reason="title">Ecology and distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44AB49EBAD43FA68B1876147AB5FB3E1">
In the field, 
<taxonomicName id="DA654144D52B503D889C5037DEFA376E" authorityName="Blaszk., Niezgoda &amp; B. T. Goto" authorityYear="2025" class="Glomeromycetes" family="Glomeraceae" genus="Dominikia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glomerales" phylum="Glomeromycota" rank="species" species="paraminuta">
<emphasis id="2F92AD257D9B950A76C87218FA819A34" italics="true">D. paraminuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably lived in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with roots of 
<taxonomicName id="00443594B2FC07070773C9A596F00F94" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ammophila" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenaria">
<emphasis id="07FC009A8956A58EDE1E0BD1DF87F391" italics="true">A. arenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that colonized maritime sand dunes near Chałupy and Jastarnia on the Hel Peninsula, northern 
<collectingCountry id="FE4075FC806EB5D74C2A16DC4942654A" name="Poland">Poland</collectingCountry>
. However, no molecular analyses were performed to confirm this assumption. In single-species cultures with 
<taxonomicName id="3F2BA7CB74D1463704CDD6FF93BF3313" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="889A1EDF9BC2687991211210BA9F5B31" italics="true">P. lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as host plant, 
<taxonomicName id="5E561A7C0DBEC6298A9F81AA39C0C34D" authorityName="Blaszk., Niezgoda &amp; B. T. Goto" authorityYear="2025" class="Glomeromycetes" family="Glomeraceae" genus="Dominikia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glomerales" phylum="Glomeromycota" rank="species" species="paraminuta">
<emphasis id="9108CF359ED411EA453B2345890D3AC0" italics="true">D. paraminuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
formed mycorrhiza with arbuscules, vesicles, and intra- and extraradical hyphae (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="029FE3574EF26DB7714DCAADDAE92940" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dominikia paraminuta A – C cluster of spores (sp) with subtending hypha (sh), and sterile hyphae (sth) D – G spore wall layers (swl) 1–3 continuous with subtending hyphal wall layers (shwl) 1–3; septum (s) connecting the inner surfaces of shwl 2 is indicated in G, H arbuscule (a), vesicle (v), and coiled hyphae (c) in mycorrhizal root of Plantago lanceolata stained in 0.1 % Trypan blue C, D, H spores and mycorrhizal structures in PVLG E, F, G spores in PVLG + Melzer’s reagent A, B scanning electron microscopy C – H differential interference microscopy. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C – H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.136158.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1229336">2 H</figureCitation>
). These structures stained clearly [pale violet (16 
<collectionCode id="51A4DC623664D99E34A79B1123836284" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
3) to deep violet (16 
<collectionCode id="D4C6F9E4B3873DC0228E8D70FF78EEA7" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
8)] in 0.1 % Trypan blue. Phylogenetic analyses with the 45 
<collectionCode id="D625DE377F321D0A5277A2FBD6BCB123" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
alignment used in this study and environmental sequences with&gt; 96 % identity to 45 
<collectionCode id="C96B753B00B5BDDB71EE06614992B15D" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
sequences of 
<taxonomicName id="C83D896F4A438772AE5F77F09E6CCC78" authorityName="Blaszk., Niezgoda &amp; B. T. Goto" authorityYear="2025" class="Glomeromycetes" family="Glomeraceae" genus="Dominikia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glomerales" phylum="Glomeromycota" rank="species" species="paraminuta">
<emphasis id="FAD69CDDEA09F45D5ADE85284360D2D0" italics="true">D. paraminuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, revealed by BLASTn, indicated that 
<taxonomicName id="8F42128E9149703FDD30479B842F7382" authorityName="Blaszk., Niezgoda &amp; B. T. Goto" authorityYear="2025" class="Glomeromycetes" family="Glomeraceae" genus="Dominikia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Glomerales" phylum="Glomeromycota" rank="species" species="paraminuta">
<emphasis id="5A86295C87CEC333A54A6EA3A49E8B4E" italics="true">D. paraminuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously recognized in grasslands and unspecified sites in 
<collectingCountry id="2A4E359841D42D965991A5E60425D137" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(data not shown).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>