209 lines
19 KiB
XML
209 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.416.6455" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d04a6beb-71b7-437b-aee9-e8eb32434a69" ID-PMC="PMC4109511" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-416-77" ID-PubMed="25061348" ID-ZBK="D81E380957044DE7AFEC098E7773D528" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-416-77" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 416" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Cratocerus Dejean, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with the description of six new species" checkinTime="1451245752796" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Grzymala, Traci L. & Will, Kipling W." docDate="2014" docId="B06D7E8EC2396FEC6B748EFBCC909ABB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 416: 77-112" docOrigin="ZooKeys 416" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.416.6455" docTitle="Cratocerus culpepperi Grzymala & Will, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="B4B00EFA-34CC-4DCC-83B3-40CF563F9303" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="0348FFC7FFA9E10FB234E239FFE0FFAD" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Cratocerus Dejean, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with the description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1668158676009" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Taxonomic review of Cratocerus Dejean, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with the description of six new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Grzymala, Traci L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Will, Kipling W.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>416</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>77</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>112</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.416.6455</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.416.6455</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-416-77</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">D81E380957044DE7AFEC098E7773D528</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D81E380957044DE7AFEC098E7773D528</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053635" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B4B00EFA-34CC-4DCC-83B3-40CF563F9303" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B06D7E8EC2396FEC6B748EFBCC909ABB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="19" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="96" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="96" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
|
||
classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/B4B00EFA-34CC-4DCC-83B3-40CF563F9303" authority="Grzymala & Will" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus culpepperi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culpepperi">Cratocerus culpepperi Grzymala & Will</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="19" pageNumber="96">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 8, 9h, 10f, 11g, 12b
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="96" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="96">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="96">
|
||
Peru, Loreto region, Rio Napo, Explomapo Camp, Rio Sucusari, coordinates
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-3.25">3.25S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-72.92">72.92W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="96" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="96">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="96">
|
||
HOLOTYPE [male, deposited in UNMSM] labeled: "PERU: LORETO Rio Napo / Explomapo Camp, Rio Sucusari/ 100m, 6 June 1992 /
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.25">03°15'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.916664">072°55'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, / T.L. Erwin, E. & F. Pfuno S. // Insecticidal fog of suspended / dry leaves in low canopy and one / tree to 35m(14 sheets) along / Tr. Pestoso in Igapo 500m from / camp Lot 337 A // ADP / 53163 // U.C. Berkeley / EMEC 207,967".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="96">
|
||
Paratypes. 8 females with same data as the holotype (EMEC207960, EMEC207961, EMEC207962, EMEC207964, EMEC207965, EMEC207966, EMEC207968, EMEC207969), deposited in NMNH. 2 males, labeled: PERU: "LORETO Rio Napo Explomapo Camp, Rio Sucusari 100m, 15 June 1992
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.25">03°15'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.916664">072°55'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, T.L. Erwin, E. & F. Pfuno S. Insecticidal fog of 20m high canopy mixed with dry leaves (8m3)(14 sheets), with 1 sheet nearly pure Guadua (dry and green leaves) Lot 387" (EMEC207963, EMEC654858). All paratype specimens deposited in NMNH except EMEC207960 deposited in UNMSM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="96" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="96">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="96">
|
||
This species is distinguished from congeners by the small overall body size, light brunneous coloration, the five basal pronotal fovea, and the mandibles curved more than 45 degrees in relation to the mandibular midline. This species most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus kavanaughi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kavanaughi">Cratocerus kavanaughi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is easily distinguished by the smaller size and the five basal pronotal fovea as opposed to two.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="19" pageNumber="96" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="96">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="19" pageNumber="96">
|
||
Size small for the genus, ABL 3.5-4.0 mm, TW 1.4-1.6 mm.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="97" start="start">Color</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Head, labrum, mandibles, prothorax, elytra, and abdominal sternites castaneous; remaining mouthparts, antennae, and legs testaceous. Head. HL 0.4-0.6 mm, HW 0.5-0.7 mm. One supraorbital seta present over each eye. Apices of mandibles strongly curved, apices at more than 45 degree angle to mandibular midline. Apical maxillary palpomere length 3.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width at base. Mentum with triangular lateral lobes. Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 9h) with distinct median impression, two distinct basal fovea laterad and one basal fovea centered on median impression; one lateral seta located on apicolateral pronotal bead; one posterior seta present on posterior bead and projecting over posterior angle; pronotal anterior margin convex, greatest width anterad of center; pronotal width 1.1-1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
pronotal length. Elytral length 1.5-1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
combined elytral width. Legs. Protibia with one small, stout spine confined to distal half of lateral margin, only visible with extreme magnification (Fig. 10f). Genitalia, male. Median lobe curved sharply, between forty-five and ninety degrees with respect to basal 1/3, remaining 2/3 with continuing curvature; expanded apically; length average for genus. Left paramere curved and simple (Figure 11g). Genitalia, female. Spermatheca with 1/3 length moderately thin, following 1/3 length extremely thin and filamentous, gradually expanding approximately 1/3 below apex, ended with broad bulb (Fig. 12b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="20" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figure 8. Dorsal habitus image of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus culpepperi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culpepperi">Cratocerus culpepperi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Grzymala & Will, sp. n. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="20" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figure 9. Pronotal drawings for: a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus monilicornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monilicornis">Cratocerus monilicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
b
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus sulcatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcatus">Cratocerus sulcatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
c
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus sinesetosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesetosus">Cratocerus sinesetosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
d
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus multisetosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multisetosus">Cratocerus multisetosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
e
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus tanyae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanyae">Cratocerus tanyae</taxonomicName>
|
||
f
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus indupalmensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indupalmensis">Cratocerus indupalmensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
g
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus kavanaughi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kavanaughi">Cratocerus kavanaughi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and h
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus culpepperi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culpepperi">Cratocerus culpepperi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="20" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figure 10. Scanning electron micrographs of left protibia for: a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus sinesetosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesetosus">Cratocerus sinesetosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
b
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus multisetosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multisetosus">Cratocerus multisetosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
c
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus tanyae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanyae">Cratocerus tanyae</taxonomicName>
|
||
d
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus indupalmensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indupalmensis">Cratocerus indupalmensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
e
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus kavanaughi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kavanaughi">Cratocerus kavanaughi</taxonomicName>
|
||
f
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus culpepperi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culpepperi">Cratocerus culpepperi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Arrows point to distinct, stout spines referred to in text. Scale bars = 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="20" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figure 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view of the median lobe and left paramere for: a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus sinesetosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesetosus">Cratocerus sinesetosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
b
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus multisetosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multisetosus">Cratocerus multisetosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
c
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus monilicornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monilicornis">Cratocerus monilicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
; d
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus tanyae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanyae">Cratocerus tanyae</taxonomicName>
|
||
e
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus indupalmensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indupalmensis">Cratocerus indupalmensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
f
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus kavanaughi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kavanaughi">Cratocerus kavanaughi</taxonomicName>
|
||
g
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus culpepperi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culpepperi">Cratocerus culpepperi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="20" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figure 12. Ventral view of anterior portion of female reproductive tract. a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus sinesetosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinesetosus">Cratocerus sinesetosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
b
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus culpepperi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culpepperi">Cratocerus culpepperi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and c
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus kavanaughi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kavanaughi">Cratocerus kavanaughi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abbreviations: bc, bursa copulatrix; co, common oviduct; sp, spermatheca. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="20" pageNumber="97" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="97">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="20" pageNumber="97">
|
||
This species is named in recognition of Meghan Culpepper, currently a PhD student of carabid phylogenetics and biogeography who provided endless amounts of support throughout the duration of this project. Though this species is one of the smallest within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="98" start="start">Cratocerus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the red hue of the integument and morphological characters mentioned above make it one of the most distinctive. Miss Culpepper is equally unique and we name this species for her.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="98">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="98">This species is currently only known from Peru (Fig. 13).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Figure 13. Map showing location of material examined for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cratocerus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="98" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="98">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="98">Specimens examined in this study were all collected from insecticidal fogging of suspended dry leaves in the canopy and a tree during the month of June.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |