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<document id="B19A298870277A3338CA78298E18C9EB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4751.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d5c6a73-5675-46cf-98a4-ece6ddc8e121" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3712951" ID-ZooBank="7692DE47-FE0C-47CA-BF74-10302592AC5F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584453387776" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Eiseman, Charles S. &amp; Davis, Donald R." docDate="2020" docId="B05A87DFA92AFF9807CEFC4EC944FCA5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4751.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4751 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phyllonorycter gemmea" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="217" masterDocId="4C63FFA7A924FF880759FF94C879FFFA" masterDocTitle="Wrong side of the leaf: assigning some Lithocolletinae species (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) to their proper genera" masterLastPageNumber="237" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="215" updateTime="1698729180572" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FBFC7AB252D62EC39C003B7146BDE043">Wrong side of the leaf: assigning some Lithocolletinae species (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) to their proper genera</mods:title>
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<treatment id="B05A87DFA92AFF9807CEFC4EC944FCA5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718107" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162628730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3718107" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B05A87DFA92AFF9807CEFC4EC944FCA5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B05A87DFA92AFF9807CEFC4EC944FCA5" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<subSubSection id="70E96542A92AFF8607CEFC4ECAD7FC0E" box="[151,686,986,1013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="384C36C9A92AFF8607CEFC4ECAD7FC0E" blockId="14.[151,726,986,1140]" box="[151,686,986,1013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<heading id="630481A5A92AFF8607CEFC4ECAD7FC0E" bold="true" box="[151,686,986,1013]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF8607CEFC4ECAD7FC0E" ID-CoL="4H886" authority="(Frey &amp; Boll, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Frey &amp; Boll" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[151,686,986,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF8607CEFC4ECAD7FC0E" bold="true" box="[151,686,986,1013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF8607CEFC4EC9CEFC0F" bold="true" box="[151,439,986,1013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Phyllonorycter gemmea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92AFF86069FFC4ECADFFC0E" author="Frey, H. &amp; Boll, J." box="[454,678,986,1013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="201 - 224" refId="ref14038" refString="Frey, H. &amp; Boll, J. (1873) Nordamerikanische Tineen. Entomologische Zeitung, Stettin, 34 (4 - 6), 201 - 224." type="journal article" year="1873">Frey &amp; Boll, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="70E96542A92AFF8607CEFC6ACC06FB42" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="description">
<paragraph id="384C36C9A92AFF8607CEFC6AC957FBE2" blockId="14.[151,726,986,1140]" box="[151,302,1022,1048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
(
<figureCitation id="A0C82A4CA92AFF8607C6FC6AC95EFBE2" box="[159,295,1022,1048]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–34" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,536,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[168,1420,525,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 33–34. Syntypes of Phyllonorycter gemmea (CMCZ). 33: The specimen on which Braun (1908) evidently based her description; 34: Specimen with three posterior costal streaks rather than two." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3712975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3712975/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Figs. 33–34</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="384C36C9A92AFF8607CEFBA9CAAFFB8E" blockId="14.[151,726,986,1140]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF8607CEFBA9C949FBAF" box="[151,304,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">L.[ithocolletis]</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF86066FFBAACA02FBAF" authority="Frey &amp; Boll 1873: 218" authorityName="Frey &amp; Boll" authorityPageNumber="218" authorityYear="1873" box="[310,635,1085,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF86066FFBAAC9F3FBAF" box="[310,394,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">gemmea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92AFF8606C8FBAACA02FBAF" author="Frey, H. &amp; Boll, J." box="[401,635,1085,1110]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="201 - 224" refId="ref14038" refString="Frey, H. &amp; Boll, J. (1873) Nordamerikanische Tineen. Entomologische Zeitung, Stettin, 34 (4 - 6), 201 - 224." type="journal article" year="1873">Frey &amp; Boll 1873: 218</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF8607CEFBC8CA63FB8E" authority="(Frey &amp; Boll)" baseAuthorityName="Frey &amp; Boll" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[151,538,1115,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF8607CEFBC8C9F0FB8E" box="[151,393,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Phyllonorycter gemmea</emphasis>
(Frey &amp; Boll)
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92AFF86056DFBCFCAABFB8E" author="Davis, D. R." box="[564,722,1115,1140]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="9 - 11" refId="ref13365" refString="Davis, D. R. (1983) Gracillariidae. In: Hodges, R. W., Dominick, T., Davis, D. R., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, E. G. &amp; Powell, J. A. (Eds.), Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London, pp. 9 - 11." type="book chapter" year="1983">Davis 1983: 10</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="384C36C9A92AFF8607CEFB08CC06FB42" blockId="14.[151,1437,1180,2035]" box="[151,1151,1180,1208]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF8607CEFB08C96EFB4D" bold="true" box="[151,279,1180,1207]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Leaf mine.</emphasis>
Unknown; erroneously reported to be on the upper leaf surface (see Review).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="70E96542A92AFF86079EFB55CD64FB26" box="[199,1309,1217,1244]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="384C36C9A92AFF86079EFB55CD64FB26" blockId="14.[151,1437,1180,2035]" box="[199,1309,1217,1244]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF86079EFB55C97FFB21" bold="true" box="[199,262,1217,1243]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Host.</emphasis>
Reportedly
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF8606C8FB55CAF3FB21" box="[401,650,1217,1243]" class="Trematoda" family="Hemiuridae" genus="Robinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudoacacia">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF8606C8FB55CAF3FB21" box="[401,650,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Robinia pseudoacacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF8605E1FB55CB5FFB26" box="[696,806,1217,1244]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
), but this is probably incorrect (see Review).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="70E96542A92AFF86079EFB70CA93F929" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="384C36C9A92AFF86079EFB70C99AFB05" blockId="14.[151,1437,1180,2035]" box="[199,483,1252,1279]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF86079EFB70C918FB05" bold="true" box="[199,353,1252,1279]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="40E47659A92AFF86063EFB71C9DAFB05" box="[359,419,1253,1279]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">USA</collectingCountry>
: MA.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="384C36C9A92AFF86079EFA9CCA93F929" blockId="14.[151,1437,1180,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF86079EFA9CC95DFAD9" bold="true" box="[199,292,1288,1315]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Review.</emphasis>
This species was described from
<collectingRegion id="FA37F82BA92AFF8605F3FA9DCB36FAD9" box="[682,847,1289,1315]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
.
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92AFF860405FA9DCB8DFAD9" author="Braun, A. F." box="[860,1012,1289,1315]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="269 - 357" refId="ref12540" refString="Braun, A. F. (1908) Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis Hubner. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 34, 269 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17825" type="journal article" year="1908">Braun (1908)</bibRefCitation>
stated that according to
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92AFF860248FA9DC89DFABD" author="Frey, H. &amp; Boll, J." pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="201 - 224" refId="ref14038" refString="Frey, H. &amp; Boll, J. (1873) Nordamerikanische Tineen. Entomologische Zeitung, Stettin, 34 (4 - 6), 201 - 224." type="journal article" year="1873">Frey &amp; Boll (1873)</bibRefCitation>
, its mine is on the upper surface of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF860537FAB9CB1EFABD" box="[622,871,1325,1351]" class="Trematoda" family="Hemiuridae" genus="Robinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudoacacia">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF860537FAB9CB1EFABD" box="[622,871,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Robinia pseudoacacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves. We are unable to find this assertion in their paper. After discussing specimens they thought to be
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF8605A8FAC5CC5DFA91" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[753,1060,1361,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Chrysaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostensackenella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF8605A8FAC5CC5DFA91" box="[753,1060,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Chrysaster ostensackenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and then describing
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF860249FAC5C88DFA75" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF860249FAC5C88DFA75" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Lithocolletis gemmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a possible synonym of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF860572FAE2CC43FA6A" authority="Clemens" authorityName="Clemens" authorityYear="1863" box="[555,1082,1397,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robiniella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF860572FAE2CB6CFA75" box="[555,789,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Parectopa robiniella</emphasis>
Clemens (Gracillariidae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92AFF86031EFAE1CD5EFA75" author="Frey, H. &amp; Boll, J." box="[1095,1319,1397,1423]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="201 - 224" refId="ref14038" refString="Frey, H. &amp; Boll, J. (1873) Nordamerikanische Tineen. Entomologische Zeitung, Stettin, 34 (4 - 6), 201 - 224." type="journal article" year="1873">Frey &amp; Boll (1873)</bibRefCitation>
discussed what are clearly the mines of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF8606ACFA0ECBF9FA4E" authority="(Clemens)" baseAuthorityName="Clemens" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[501,896,1433,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robiniella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF8606ACFA0ECB78FA49" box="[501,769,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Macrosaccus robiniella</emphasis>
(Clemens)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF8604C8FA0ECCFAFA49" box="[913,1155,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF8604C8FA0ECC06FA49" authorityName="Clemens" authorityYear="1863" box="[913,1151,1433,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robiniella">Parectopa robiniella</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF860399FA0DCDECFA49" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1216,1429,1433,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Chrysaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostensackenella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF860399FA0DCDECFA49" box="[1216,1429,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">C. ostensackenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They were unsure which moths went with which mines, and they concluded with the statement that careful observations would bring clarity to this confusing topic.
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92AFF8605EFFA75CB06FA01" author="Chambers, V. T." box="[694,895,1505,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="193 - 211" refId="ref12948" refString="Chambers, V. T. (1874 a) Prof. Frey, of Zurich, and some American Teneina. The Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, 1 (3), 193 - 211." type="journal article" year="1874">Chambers (1874a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92AFF8604D3FA75CBAAFA01" author="Chambers, V. T." box="[906,979,1505,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="338 - 340" refId="ref12986" refString="Chambers, V. T. (1874 b) Notes and errata on a former paper, by V. T. Chambers, on Prof. Frey, and some American Teneina. Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, 1, 338 - 340." type="journal article" year="1874">1874b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92AFF860484FA74CC5AFA01" author="Chambers, V. T." box="[989,1059,1504,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="226 - 259" refId="ref13033" refString="Chambers, V. T. (1875 a) Teneina of the United States. The Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, 2, 226 - 259." type="journal article" year="1875">1875a</bibRefCitation>
) discussed Frey &amp; Boll’s paper at length, and concluded that
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF86069EF992CA39F9E5" box="[455,576,1542,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF86069EF992CA39F9E5" box="[455,576,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">P. gemmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been associated with
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF86043EF991CBB9F9E5" box="[871,960,1541,1567]" class="Trematoda" family="Hemiuridae" genus="Robinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF86043EF991CBB9F9E5" box="[871,960,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Robinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in error. As
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92AFF860314F991CD61F9E5" author="Chambers, V. T." box="[1101,1304,1541,1567]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="338 - 340" refId="ref12986" refString="Chambers, V. T. (1874 b) Notes and errata on a former paper, by V. T. Chambers, on Prof. Frey, and some American Teneina. Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, 1, 338 - 340." type="journal article" year="1874">Chambers (1874b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92AFF86027AF990CD10F9E5" author="Chambers, V. T." box="[1315,1385,1540,1567]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="226 - 259" refId="ref13033" refString="Chambers, V. T. (1875 a) Teneina of the United States. The Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, 2, 226 - 259." type="journal article" year="1875">1875a</bibRefCitation>
) put it, Frey was working from a “confused jumble of leaves,” apparently resulting from Boll’s having to leave the
<collectingCountry id="40E47659A92AFF86023FF9BDCDE5F9B9" box="[1382,1436,1577,1603]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">USA</collectingCountry>
in a hurry, and “it frequently happened, that the Professor was unable to tell which of three or four kinds of leaves his species came from.” Nearly 150 years later, the only further record of this species is that of
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92AFF8603E0F9E5CD18F971" author="Brower, A. E." box="[1209,1377,1649,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="1 - 70" refId="ref12798" refString="Brower, A. E. (1984) A list of the Lepidoptera of Maine. Part 2: The Microlepidoptera Section 2 Cosmopterigidae through Hepialidae. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, 114, 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="1984">Brower (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, who cited several adults caught in
<collectingRegion id="FA37F82BA92AFF8606BDF901CA56F955" box="[484,559,1685,1711]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Maine</collectingRegion>
. Given the number of questionable identifications in the
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF8603F5F901CD3FF955" authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" box="[1196,1350,1685,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gracillariidae</taxonomicName>
section of that publication, this record requires confirmation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="70E96542A92AFF98079EF948C944FCA5" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="384C36C9A92AFF86079EF948CAFFF809" blockId="14.[151,1437,1180,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF86079EF948C936F90D" bold="true" box="[199,335,1756,1783]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Comments.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92AFF86060EF949CA4DF90D" author="Frey, H. &amp; Boll, J." box="[343,564,1757,1783]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="201 - 224" refId="ref14038" refString="Frey, H. &amp; Boll, J. (1873) Nordamerikanische Tineen. Entomologische Zeitung, Stettin, 34 (4 - 6), 201 - 224." type="journal article" year="1873">Frey &amp; Boll (1873)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that they had three females and one male of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF8603FCF94ACD66F90D" box="[1189,1311,1758,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF8603FCF94ACD66F90D" box="[1189,1311,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">P. gemmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when they described the species. In a note immediately following the species description, they described a somewhat different male, expressing some doubt about whether it represented the same species; this was apparently not the same male they mentioned at the outset but this is not entirely clear from their remarks. This male is said to be somewhat smaller, considerably lighter, and strikingly broad-winged; the forewing markings are finer and do not shine as much; there is a short, narrow, distinctly margined basal streak (as opposed to the “accumulation of shiny golden scales in the fold” described for
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF86055BF822CA02F835" box="[514,635,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF86055BF822CA02F835" box="[514,635,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">P. gemmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and the apical spot is small, lacking the golden scales that are present in the “handsome black spot” of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92AFF86055FF84ECA06F809" box="[518,639,2010,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92AFF86055FF84ECA06F809" box="[518,639,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">P. gemmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="384C36C9A92BFF87079EFF0DCCD1FE0D" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,503]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92BFF87079EFF0DC908FF49" author="Braun, A. F." box="[199,369,153,179]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" pagination="269 - 357" refId="ref12540" refString="Braun, A. F. (1908) Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis Hubner. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 34, 269 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17825" type="journal article" year="1908">Braun’s (1908)</bibRefCitation>
description of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92BFF870547FF0ECAE1FF49" box="[542,664,154,179]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92BFF870547FF0ECAE1FF49" box="[542,664,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. gemmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mentions a basal streak that ends at one-third the wing length, dark margined above and indistinctly so beneath; she also refers to a “small broad white spot” on the dorsal margin, just before the apex of the basal streak. The latter marking is not mentioned in either of
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92BFF870315FF75CD43FF01" author="Frey, H. &amp; Boll, J." box="[1100,1338,225,251]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" pagination="201 - 224" refId="ref14038" refString="Frey, H. &amp; Boll, J. (1873) Nordamerikanische Tineen. Entomologische Zeitung, Stettin, 34 (4 - 6), 201 - 224." type="journal article" year="1873">Frey &amp; Boll’s (1873)</bibRefCitation>
descriptions. Of the two
<typeStatus id="E748886BA92BFF87060EFE91C9C0FEE5" box="[343,441,261,287]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
at the CMCZ, the dorsal spot is present in just one (
<figureCitation id="A0C82A4CA92BFF8704A1FE91CC33FEE5" box="[1016,1098,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–34" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,536,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[168,1420,525,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 33–34. Syntypes of Phyllonorycter gemmea (CMCZ). 33: The specimen on which Braun (1908) evidently based her description; 34: Specimen with three posterior costal streaks rather than two." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3712975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3712975/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
), which is also consistent with Braun’s description in having the apical portion of the wing “densely dusted with brown scales, forming a large apical spot,” and in having the fascia just before the middle of the wing. The other CMCZ
<typeStatus id="E748886BA92BFF87032AFED9CCB3FE9D" box="[1139,1226,333,359]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
(which is the only
<typeStatus id="E748886BA92BFF8707CEFEE5C897FE71" box="[151,238,369,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
with an abdomen;
<figureCitation id="A0C82A4CA92BFF870698FEE5CA69FE71" box="[449,528,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–34" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,536,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[168,1420,525,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 33–34. Syntypes of Phyllonorycter gemmea (CMCZ). 33: The specimen on which Braun (1908) evidently based her description; 34: Specimen with three posterior costal streaks rather than two." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3712975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3712975/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
) has a much smaller apical spot, but it also has a shorter and indistinctly margined basal streak, so neither specimen seems to be the aberrant male described by Frey &amp; Boll, although the latter specimen is the better candidate. It appears that this second specimen was not examined by
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92BFF8703DBFE2DCD65FE29" author="Braun, A. F." box="[1154,1308,441,467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" pagination="269 - 357" refId="ref12540" refString="Braun, A. F. (1908) Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis Hubner. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 34, 269 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17825" type="journal article" year="1908">Braun (1908)</bibRefCitation>
, because it possesses three posterior costal streaks, such that her key identifies it as
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92BFF870498FE4ACCDDFE0D" authority="(Braun)" baseAuthorityName="Braun" box="[961,1188,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martiella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92BFF870498FE4ACC3AFE0D" box="[961,1091,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">P. martiella</emphasis>
(Braun)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6C8C6641A92BFF8707CEF80DCBDAF82F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3712975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3712975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3712975/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" startId="15.[151,264,1945,1970]" targetBox="[168,1420,536,1920]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="384C36C9A92BFF8707CEF80DCBDAF82F" blockId="15.[151,1436,1945,2006]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92BFF8707CEF80DC92AF848" bold="true" box="[151,339,1945,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">FIGURES 33–34.</emphasis>
Syntypes of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA92BFF87068CF80ECABEF84B" baseAuthorityName="Frey &amp; Boll" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[469,711,1946,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92BFF87068CF80ECABEF84B" box="[469,711,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Phyllonorycter gemmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CMCZ).
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92BFF870468F80DCB2AF848" bold="true" box="[817,851,1945,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">33:</emphasis>
The specimen on which
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A92BFF870315F80ECCAAF848" author="Braun, A. F." box="[1100,1235,1946,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" pagination="269 - 357" refId="ref12540" refString="Braun, A. F. (1908) Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis Hubner. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 34, 269 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17825" type="journal article" year="1908">Braun (1908)</bibRefCitation>
evidently based her description;
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA92BFF87064CF829C94EF82C" bold="true" box="[277,311,1981,2006]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">34:</emphasis>
Specimen with three posterior costal streaks rather than two.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="384C36C9A934FF98079EFF0DC99DFEB9" blockId="16.[151,1437,153,863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
At the Natural History Museum, London,
<collectingCountry id="40E47659A934FF9805EDFF0DCAA5FF49" box="[692,732,153,179]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">UK</collectingCountry>
(BMNH), there are three specimens of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF9803E8FF0ECD54FF49" baseAuthorityName="Frey &amp; Boll" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1201,1325,154,179]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF9803E8FF0ECD54FF49" box="[1201,1325,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. gemmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, all from Walsingham’s collection, of which just one is labeled as a
<typeStatus id="E748886BA934FF980475FF29CBFEFF2D" box="[812,903,189,215]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
. One of the other two, annotated “Zeller coll.”, is smaller and paler and may represent the aberrant male described by Frey &amp; Boll. The fifth specimen is annotated “Frey coll.” and may represent the intended fourth specimen in the type series; it is the only
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF9803C0FE92CD68FEE5" baseAuthorityName="Frey &amp; Boll" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1177,1297,262,287]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF9803C0FE92CD68FEE5" box="[1177,1297,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. gemmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen at the BMNH with an abdomen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="384C36C9A934FF98079EFED9CB72FD99" blockId="16.[151,1437,153,863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
Besides
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF98067CFEDAC9DEFE9D" box="[293,423,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martiella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF98067CFEDAC9DEFE9D" box="[293,423,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. martiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a leafminer of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF98050EFED9CAD9FE9D" box="[599,672,333,359]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF98050EFED9CAD9FE9D" box="[599,672,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Betula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF980594FED9CB32FE92" authorityName="S.F.Gray" authorityYear="1822" box="[717,843,333,360]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
) described from a specimen reared in
<collectingRegion id="FA37F82BA934FF9803ADFED9C8C5FE71" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
, at least two other
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF9806D2FEE5CA4AFE71" box="[395,563,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF9806D2FEE5CA4AFE71" box="[395,563,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have a wing pattern similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF980369FEE6CCD1FE71" baseAuthorityName="Frey &amp; Boll" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1072,1192,370,395]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF980369FEE6CCD1FE71" box="[1072,1192,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. gemmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; all three
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF98024EFEE5C8BDFE55" form="underside" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" rank="form">form underside</taxonomicName>
tentiform mines and have been reared in
<collectingRegion id="FA37F82BA934FF9805CFFE01CB41FE55" box="[662,824,405,431]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
by CSE.
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A934FF9804FDFE01CC43FE4A" author="Braun, A. F." box="[932,1082,405,432]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="82 - 84" refId="ref12588" refString="Braun, A. F. (1916) Notes on Lithocolletis with descriptions of new species (Lep.). Entomological News, 27 (2), 82 - 84." type="journal article" year="1916">Braun (1916)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF9803EDFE02CDE5FE55" authority="(Braun)" baseAuthorityName="Braun" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1204,1436,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF9803EDFE02CD47FE55" box="[1204,1342,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. diversella</emphasis>
(Braun)
</taxonomicName>
from two
<collectingRegion id="FA37F82BA934FF980650FE2DC938FE29" box="[265,321,441,467]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Ohio</collectingRegion>
specimens, one reared from
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF9805D2FE2DCC1AFE29" authority="(Wangenh.) K. Koch" authorityName="K. Koch" authorityYear="1872" baseAuthorityName="Wangenh." box="[651,1123,441,468]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Gaylussacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccata">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF9805D2FE2DCB0EFE29" box="[651,887,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Gaylussacia baccata</emphasis>
(Wangenh.) K.Koch
</taxonomicName>
and one from
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF980255FE2DC97DFE0D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Oxydendrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arboreum">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF980255FE2DC97DFE0D" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Oxydendrum arboreum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) DC. (
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF9806D9FE49C98DFE02" box="[384,500,477,504]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
). She made no comparisons to other species other than stating that the coloring is identical with that of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF9806CFFD95CAB5FDE1" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[406,716,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Chrysaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostensackenella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF9806CFFD95CAB5FDE1" box="[406,716,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Chrysaster ostensackenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="5C624B38A934FF980587FD95CB01FDE1" author="Braun, A. F." box="[734,888,513,539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="115 - 127" refId="ref12622" refString="Braun, A. F. (1923) Microlepidoptera: notes and new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 49 (2), 115 - 127." type="journal article" year="1923">Braun (1923)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF9804A0FD96CC94FDE1" authority="(Braun)" baseAuthorityName="Braun" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1017,1261,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburnella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF9804A0FD96CCF2FDE1" box="[1017,1163,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. viburnella</emphasis>
(Braun)
</taxonomicName>
from a female reared from
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF980646FDB1C982FDC5" box="[287,507,549,575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Adoxaceae" genus="Viburnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF980646FDB1C982FDC5" box="[287,507,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Viburnum dentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF98057EFDB1CADEFDBA" box="[551,679,549,576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Adoxaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Adoxaceae</taxonomicName>
) in
<collectingRegion id="FA37F82BA934FF980589FDB1CB72FDC5" box="[720,779,549,575]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Ohio</collectingRegion>
; she stated that this species is nearest to
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF980391FDB2CD30FDC5" box="[1224,1353,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martiella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF980391FDB2CD30FDC5" box="[1224,1353,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. martiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but did not specify how it differs from this or any other species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="384C36C9A934FF98079EFDF9C944FCA5" blockId="16.[151,1437,153,863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
It seems quite possible that
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF98055BFDFACA02FD7D" baseAuthorityName="Frey &amp; Boll" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[514,635,622,647]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF98055BFDFACA02FD7D" box="[514,635,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. gemmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF9804E2FDFACC3CFD7D" baseAuthorityName="Braun" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[955,1093,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF9804E2FDFACC3CFD7D" box="[955,1093,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. diversella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF98030CFDFACCA1FD7D" box="[1109,1240,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martiella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF98030CFDFACCA1FD7D" box="[1109,1240,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. martiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF98025FFDFACDECFD7D" baseAuthorityName="Braun" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1286,1429,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburnella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF98025FFDFACDECFD7D" box="[1286,1429,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. viburnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Considering their hostplants, only
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF98057DFD05CAD7FD51" box="[548,686,657,683]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Gaylussacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF98057DFD05CAD7FD51" box="[548,686,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Gaylussacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has leaves that could have been mistaken for leaflets of
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF98021DFD05CDE4FD51" box="[1348,1437,657,683]" class="Trematoda" family="Hemiuridae" genus="Robinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF98021DFD05CDE4FD51" box="[1348,1437,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Robinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
after collecting—
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF980602FD21C995FD35" box="[347,492,693,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Oxydendrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF980602FD21C995FD35" box="[347,492,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Oxydendrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not occur in
<collectingRegion id="FA37F82BA934FF9805ECFD21CB23FD35" box="[693,858,693,719]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
, and
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF9804CAFD21CBA5FD35" box="[915,988,693,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF9804CAFD21CBA5FD35" box="[915,988,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Betula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF980348FD21CC06FD35" box="[1041,1151,693,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Adoxaceae" genus="Viburnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF980348FD21CC06FD35" box="[1041,1151,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Viburnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have serrated leaves with pronounced lateral ribs. If we can assume that the leaves were correctly associated with the moths (albeit mixed together with
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF98066BFD69C9F2FCED" box="[306,395,765,791]" class="Trematoda" family="Hemiuridae" genus="Robinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF98066BFD69C9F2FCED" box="[306,395,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Robinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaflets mined by other gracillariids), this suggests that
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF9804A5FD6ACCFCFCED" baseAuthorityName="Braun" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1020,1157,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversella">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF9804A5FD6ACCFCFCED" box="[1020,1157,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. diversella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="FFF34D4AA934FF9807CEFCB6C968FCC1" baseAuthorityName="Frey &amp; Boll" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[151,273,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmea">
<emphasis id="0A87EADBA934FF9807CEFCB6C968FCC1" box="[151,273,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">P. gemmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, we are unable to make a decision about this until
<typeStatus id="E748886BA934FF98049EFCB5CC7BFCC1" box="[967,1026,801,827]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">types</typeStatus>
of both species have been dissected and compared.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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