522 lines
79 KiB
XML
522 lines
79 KiB
XML
<document id="A8D61932EB7AF256CB6D82E708BD9C6C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.20" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14595989" ID-ZooBank="83FE113C-16FC-4C87-A1A5-3C405EB5EBED" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1735932950796" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jäger, Peter & Nophaseud, Liphone" docDate="2025" docId="7069A539F8088174FF1A162EC07C18AC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5563.1.20.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5563 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.20" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Otacilia tham Jager 2022" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="340" masterDocId="8C50DD41F8098171FF8D140CC1591925" masterDocTitle="First description of the male of Otacilia tham Jäger, 2022, from Laos (Arachnida Araneae: Phrurolithidae)" masterLastPageNumber="344" masterPageNumber="336" pageNumber="337" updateTime="1737757484792" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="098CB56D701C1F03FC87A012DA063C21">
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<mods:title id="AF0137BAB79B42626A10E81C133BEE1F">First description of the male of Otacilia tham Jäger, 2022, from Laos (Arachnida Araneae: Phrurolithidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="33EA86631AFC3BC3348A5AE54DB746B3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3462FD3279FD33E8BED46AE45F1F0F2D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2406F03ECA9B3A9FF716EBDDC39CBB93">Jäger, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="54CF71F84C4F9FC90538139805C4399A">Arachnology, Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="41B0C480B2175A7618A085D1280F2142" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="04957CFF244FF2E0005F7E8413E6B19E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7CF4F22B68E618AFC178652551F6DA3A">Nophaseud, Liphone</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4120F97AE42A3EAA99860BD58944567B">Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of Laos, Dong Dok Campus, Vientiane, Lao PDR;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="36D1646678321D03BE100FA34E5A2BDC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2552E6234382089175B488B7AC5E5368">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="57DB27B893D2EC029FDFB36812C568EA">
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<mods:date id="DC8F6A6C73621746F2F7878BC53C6064">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2F6ED6F93B0C42116497DC65E748801C">2025-01-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="537E5E6A2622CF53971BF34AD9ACF4CD">5563</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CEA01020069D10253D1374C16151355C">336</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="75A32EED66A102F684EFD732953176D0">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.20</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="A50C1B804D55087B0E1DAB72325655BF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.20</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7069A539F8088174FF1A162EC07C18AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14736480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14736480" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7069A539F8088174FF1A162EC07C18AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7069A539F8088174FF1A162EC07C18AC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
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<subSubSection id="B0DA47A4F8088170FF1A162EC0951B19" box="[151,460,546,573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F87F142FF8088170FF1A162EC0951B19" blockId="1.[151,460,546,609]" box="[151,460,546,573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
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<heading id="A337A343F8088170FF1A162EC0951B19" bold="true" box="[151,460,546,573]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF8088170FF1A162EC0951B19" ID-CoL="C7XLR" authority="Jager 2022" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,460,546,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">
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<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FF1A162EC0951B19" bold="true" box="[151,460,546,573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
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<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FF1A162EC0641B18" bold="true" box="[151,317,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Otacilia tham</emphasis>
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Jäger 2022
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B0DA47A4F8088170FF1A164BC0311B44" box="[151,360,583,609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F87F142FF8088170FF1A164BC0311B44" blockId="1.[151,460,546,609]" box="[151,360,583,609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
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<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF8088170FF1A164BC1A21B44" box="[151,251,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[246,1360,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[227,1361,179,1832]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Otacilia tham Jäger 2022 (1–6 male from Tham Loup) and O. saszykaska Jäger 2022 (7 holotype male from Tham Phoukham), copulatory organs. 1 Left palp, prolateral; 2 Ditto, dorsal; 3 Ditto, ventral; 4 Palpal femur, ventral; 5 Left palp, retrolateral; 6–7 Spermophor, ventral. C—conductor, DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis, E—embolus, H—hump, PB—prolateral bulge, RC—retrolateral cavity, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, S—spermophor, T—tegulum, TA—tegular apophysis.Arrow indicating the part of the spermophor enlarged in Figs 6–7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595991/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF8088170FE8B164BC0181B44" box="[262,321,583,609]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8–12" captionStart-1="FIGURE 13" captionStart-2="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1599,1623]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1243,1267]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,378,1607]" captionTargetBox-2="[158,1436,415,1210]" captionTargetId-0="figure-29@3.[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetId-1="figure-130@4.[151,1436,378,1607]" captionTargetId-2="figure-142@5.[151,1436,414,1217]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 8–12. Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, male from Laos, Vang Vieng, Tham Loup. 8–9 Left palp (8 prolateral, 9 retrolateral); 10–12 Habitus, dorsal (10–11 preserved, 12 live). White arrows indicating remnants of ALE, black arrows indicating remnants of PLE (notice the different size of PLE)." captionText-1="FIGURE 13. Distribution records of Otacilia spp. in the Vang Vieng Karst. Black circle—O. tham Jäger 2022 (in Tham Loup); white square—O. saszykaska Jäger 2022 (in Tham Phoukham) and O. vangvieng Jäger & Wunderlich 2012 (in front of Tham Phoukham). Inset: Location of map section within Laos (black square)." captionText-2="FIGURE 14. Distribution records of Otacilia tham Jäger 2022 in Tham Loup (pink circles) with temperatures (in red) on 6 December 2023 at 12 o’clock and four cross sections. Green dashed line—path of intensive search. Y—stalactites; inverted Y—stalagmites; double Y—stalagnate. Modified after an enhanced drawing by Louis Renouard after the original sketch of the team of LPDR Caves Project (1996: fig. 14, sub Tham Lom)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595993" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595995" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595997" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14595993/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14595995/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14595997/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">8–14</figureCitation>
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||
,
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<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF8088170FEC1164BC0311B44" box="[332,360,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 15–23" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 15–23. Selected faunistic records from Tham Loup: 15 Sinopoda caeca Grall & Jäger 2020, immature female with juvenile cave cricket as prey. 16 Trombidiidae (Acari). 17 Schizomida. 18 Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, juvenile with darker colouration.19 Psychodidae:Phlebotominae (Diptera).20 Entomobryidae (Collembola).21 Eutrichodesmus sp., Haplodesmidae (Diplopoda). 22 Trichopeltis sp., Cryptodesmidae (Diplopoda). 23 Isopoda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595999/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">18</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B0DA47A4F8088170FF1A1683C3ED1B8C" box="[151,692,654,681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="F87F142FF8088170FF1A1683C3ED1B8C" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,2013]" box="[151,692,654,681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
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<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF8088170FF1A1683C0AD1B8C" authority="Jager 2022: 148" authorityName="Jager" authorityPageNumber="148" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,500,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">
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<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FF1A1683C06D1B8C" box="[151,308,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Otacilia tham</emphasis>
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||
Jäger 2022: 148
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, figs 1–9, 25–26
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B0DA47A4F8088170FD311683C5771AC8" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F87F142FF8088170FD311683C2D91A78" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
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(
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<collectingMunicipality id="181B8E55F8088170FD491683C2101B8C" box="[708,841,655,681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Description</collectingMunicipality>
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of female;
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<materialsCitation id="48A81E72F8088170FC401683C59E1BD4" collectingDate="2018-07-23" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="P. Jager & S. Packheiser" country="Laos" elevation="290" latitude="19.038527" location="Tham Loup" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="102.4229" municipality="Vang Vieng" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Vientiane Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="277BAA8DF8088170FC401683C5761B8C" box="[973,1071,655,681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="EEC6DFA6F8088170FBB51683C5DD1B8C" box="[1080,1156,655,681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="female">female</specimenCount>
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from
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<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FB411682C05E1BE8" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
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<collectingCountry id="80D754BFF8088170FB411682C4421B8D" box="[1228,1307,654,680]" name="Laos" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">LAOS</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FAA31683C1A71BE8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
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<collectingRegion id="3A04DACDF8088170FAA31683C1A71BE8" country="Laos" name="Viangchan" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Vientiane Province</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="181B8E55F8088170FE9C16BFC0C21BE8" box="[273,411,691,717]" country="Laos" latitude="19.038527" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="102.4229" municipality="Description" name="Vang Vieng" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" stateProvince="Viangchan">Vang Vieng</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="E9CD0D0DF8088170FE2716BFC32E1BE8" box="[426,631,691,717]" location="Ban Phoxay" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">N of Ban Phoxay</locationDeviation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF8088170FD0B16BFC2491BE8" authority="Loup" authorityName="Loup" box="[646,784,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">
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<location id="FD1F42F4F8088170FD0B16BFC2491BE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7069A539F8088174FF1A162EC07C18AC:FD1F42F4F8088170FD0B16BFC2491BE8" box="[646,784,691,717]" country="Laos" latitude="19.038527" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="102.4229" municipality="Vang Vieng" name="Tham Loup" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" stateProvince="Vientiane Province">Tham Loup</location>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9DF472E8F8088170FC9316BFC2E91BE8" box="[798,944,691,717]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" precision="1" seconds="18.7" value="19.038527">19°2’18.7”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9DF472E8F8088170FC4D16BEC5231BE8" box="[960,1146,690,717]" degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" precision="1" seconds="22.43" value="102.4229">102°25’22.43”E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="3F38B9CAF8088170FB0416BFC58F1BE8" box="[1161,1238,691,717]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="290.0">
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<elevation id="73EDF31CF8088170FB0416BFC58F1BE8" box="[1161,1238,691,717]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="290.0">290 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
, dark part of the cave,
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<quantity id="3F38B9CAF8088170FF5416DBC0001BD4" box="[217,345,727,753]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">
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<elevation id="73EDF31CF8088170FF5416DBC0001BD4" box="[217,345,727,753]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
from cave entrance (Fig. 27),
|
||
<collectorName id="553571F9F8088170FD3F16DBC2511BD4" box="[690,776,727,753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">P. Jäger</collectorName>
|
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&
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||
<collectorName id="553571F9F8088170FCA016DBC29C1BD4" box="[813,965,727,753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">S. Packheiser</collectorName>
|
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leg.
|
||
<date id="8C7E32EFF8088170FC7316DBC5261BD4" box="[1022,1151,727,753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" value="2018-07-23">
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<collectingDate id="9C3ACB07F8088170FC7316DBC5261BD4" box="[1022,1151,727,753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" value="2018-07-23">23.07.2018</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
||
,
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<collectionCode id="9ED18CEAF8088170FB0616DBC59E1BD4" box="[1163,1223,727,753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">SMF</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="48A81E72F8088170FB5F16DBC29A1A30" collectingDate="2022-09-10" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="P. Jager" country="Laos" elevation="290" latitude="19.038527" location="Tham Loup" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="102.4229" municipality="Vang Vieng" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Vientiane Province" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount id="EEC6DFA6F8088170FB5F16DBC46D1BD4" box="[1234,1332,727,753]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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||
<typeStatus id="277BAA8DF8088170FAB116DBC4C51BD4" box="[1340,1436,727,753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
with same data as for holotype except for:
|
||
<collectorName id="553571F9F8088170FDF716F7C3891A30" box="[634,720,763,789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">P. Jäger</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
<date id="8C7E32EFF8088170FC8416F7C2221A30" box="[777,891,763,789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" value="2022-09-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9C3ACB07F8088170FC8416F7C2221A30" box="[777,891,763,789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" value="2022-09-10">9.10.2022</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="9ED18CEAF8088170FC0A16F7C29A1A30" box="[903,963,763,789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="48A81E72F8088170FC4216F7C5761A1C" collectingDate="2022-10-10" collectionCode="SMF, NSMT" collectorName="P. Jager" country="Laos" elevation="290" latitude="19.038527" location="Tham Loup" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="102.4229" municipality="Vang Vieng" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="6" stateProvince="Vientiane Province" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEC6DFA6F8088170FC4216F7C5681A30" box="[975,1073,763,789]" count="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="female">3 female</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="277BAA8DF8088170FBB416F7C5FD1A30" box="[1081,1188,763,789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
with same data as for holotype except for:
|
||
<collectorName id="553571F9F8088170FE0D1713C08C1A1C" box="[384,469,799,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">P. Jäger</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
<date id="8C7E32EFF8088170FD811713C3D41A1C" box="[524,653,799,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" value="2022-10-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9C3ACB07F8088170FD811713C3D41A1C" box="[524,653,799,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" value="2022-10-10">10.10.2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="9ED18CEAF8088170FD151713C3891A1C" box="[664,720,799,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEC6DFA6F8088170FD6C1713C2111A1C" box="[737,840,799,825]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
],
|
||
<collectionCode id="9ED18CEAF8088170FCD41713C2FE1A1C" box="[857,935,799,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEC6DFA6F8088170FC381713C5701A1C" box="[949,1065,799,825]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="48A81E72F8088170FBB61713C3811A78" collectingDate="2022-10-14" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="P. Jager" country="Laos" elevation="290" latitude="19.038527" location="Tham Loup" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="102.4229" municipality="Vang Vieng" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Vientiane Province">
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEC6DFA6F8088170FBB61713C5FE1A1C" box="[1083,1191,799,825]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
with same data as for holotype except for:
|
||
<collectorName id="553571F9F8088170FE0D174FC08C1A78" box="[384,469,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">P. Jäger</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
<date id="8C7E32EFF8088170FD81174FC3D41A78" box="[524,653,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" value="2022-10-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9C3ACB07F8088170FD81174FC3D41A78" box="[524,653,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" value="2022-10-14">14.10.2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="9ED18CEAF8088170FD15174FC38D1A78" box="[664,724,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
all examined).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF8088170FF4A176AC5771AC8" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FF4A176AC3621AA5" bold="true" box="[199,571,870,896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="48A81E72F8088170FDC8176BC4721AEC" collectingDate="2023-06-12" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="P. Jager" country="Laos" elevation="269" latitude="19.038263" location="Ban Nadao" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="102.42368" municipality="Vang Vieng" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Vientiane Province">
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEC6DFA6F8088170FDC8176BC3CE1AA4" box="[581,663,871,897]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEC6DFA6F8088170FD28176BC2541AA4" box="[677,781,871,897]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FC91176AC5061AA4" bold="true" box="[796,1119,870,897]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80D754BFF8088170FC91176AC2321AA5" box="[796,875,870,896]" name="Laos" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">LAOS</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FCF2176BC5061AA4" bold="true" box="[895,1119,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3A04DACDF8088170FCF2176BC5061AA4" box="[895,1119,871,897]" country="Laos" name="Viangchan" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Vientiane Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: north of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="181B8E55F8088170FB55176BC4381AA4" box="[1240,1377,871,897]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Vang Vieng</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="FD1F42F4F8088170FAE2176BC1BA1A80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7069A539F8088174FF1A162EC07C18AC:FD1F42F4F8088170FAE2176BC1BA1A80" country="Laos" latitude="19.038263" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="102.42368" municipality="Vang Vieng" name="Ban Nadao" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" stateProvince="Vientiane Province">Ban Nadao</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF8088170FF7D1787C0211A80" authority="Loup" authorityName="Loup" box="[240,376,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">Tham Loup</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9DF472E8F8088170FE081786C37C1A80" box="[389,549,906,933]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" precision="1" seconds="17.75" value="19.038263">19°2’17.75”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9DF472E8F8088170FDBE1786C3B51A80" box="[563,748,906,933]" degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" precision="1" seconds="25.28" value="102.42368">102°25’25.28”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="3F38B9CAF8088170FD771787C21D1A80" box="[762,836,907,933]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="269.0">
|
||
<elevation id="73EDF31CF8088170FD771787C21D1A80" box="[762,836,907,933]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="269.0">269 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, dark part of the cave, first
|
||
<quantity id="3F38B9CAF8088170FB081786C5991A80" box="[1157,1216,906,933]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="65.0">65 m</quantity>
|
||
of main dark (left) chamber (see green dotted line in
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF8088170FD8217A3C3391AEC" box="[527,608,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1243,1267]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,415,1210]" captionTargetId="figure-142@5.[151,1436,414,1217]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 14. Distribution records of Otacilia tham Jäger 2022 in Tham Loup (pink circles) with temperatures (in red) on 6 December 2023 at 12 o’clock and four cross sections. Green dashed line—path of intensive search. Y—stalactites; inverted Y—stalagmites; double Y—stalagnate. Modified after an enhanced drawing by Louis Renouard after the original sketch of the team of LPDR Caves Project (1996: fig. 14, sub Tham Lom)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595997/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), ca. 120 square metres searched,
|
||
<collectorName id="553571F9F8088170FC5617A3C5691AEC" box="[987,1072,943,969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">P. Jäger</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
<date id="8C7E32EFF8088170FBEB17A3C58E1AEC" box="[1126,1239,943,969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" value="2023-06-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9C3ACB07F8088170FBEB17A3C58E1AEC" box="[1126,1239,943,969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" value="2023-06-12">6.12.2023</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="9ED18CEAF8088170FB6817A3C47A1AEC" box="[1253,1315,943,969]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="48A81E72F8088170FAB817A3C5731AC8" collectingDate="2023-04-12" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="P. Jager" country="Laos" elevation="269" latitude="19.038263" location="Ban Nadao" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="102.42368" municipality="Vang Vieng" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-juvenile="2" stateProvince="Viangchan">
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEC6DFA6F8088170FAB817A3C4C11AEC" box="[1333,1432,943,969]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEC6DFA6F8088170FF1A17DFC0481AC8" box="[151,273,979,1005]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
with same data as for previous specimen except for:
|
||
<date id="8C7E32EFF8088170FCE817DFC28C1AC8" box="[869,981,979,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" value="2023-04-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9C3ACB07F8088170FCE817DFC28C1AC8" box="[869,981,979,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" value="2023-04-12">4.12.2023</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="9ED18CEAF8088170FC6917DFC57B1AC8" box="[996,1058,979,1005]" collectionName="Germany, Frankfurt-am-Main, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0DA47A4F8088170FF4A17FAC5D11C28" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF8088170FF4A17FAC5D11C28" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FF4A17FAC01B1D35" bold="true" box="[199,322,1014,1040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF8088170FE3317FBC3451D34" box="[446,540,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FE3317FBC3451D34" box="[446,540,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">O. tham</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unique among those of all congeners in having only non-functional (i.e. unpigmented) remnants of the ALE and PLE (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF8088170FD3A1017C2551D10" box="[695,780,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1599,1623]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-29@3.[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, male from Laos, Vang Vieng, Tham Loup. 8–9 Left palp (8 prolateral, 9 retrolateral); 10–12 Habitus, dorsal (10–11 preserved, 12 live). White arrows indicating remnants of ALE, black arrows indicating remnants of PLE (notice the different size of PLE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595993/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). The palp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF8088170FC121017C5511D10" box="[927,1032,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[246,1360,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[227,1361,179,1832]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Otacilia tham Jäger 2022 (1–6 male from Tham Loup) and O. saszykaska Jäger 2022 (7 holotype male from Tham Phoukham), copulatory organs. 1 Left palp, prolateral; 2 Ditto, dorsal; 3 Ditto, ventral; 4 Palpal femur, ventral; 5 Left palp, retrolateral; 6–7 Spermophor, ventral. C—conductor, DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis, E—embolus, H—hump, PB—prolateral bulge, RC—retrolateral cavity, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, S—spermophor, T—tegulum, TA—tegular apophysis.Arrow indicating the part of the spermophor enlarged in Figs 6–7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595991/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF8088170FB951017C51B1D10" box="[1048,1090,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1599,1623]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-29@3.[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, male from Laos, Vang Vieng, Tham Loup. 8–9 Left palp (8 prolateral, 9 retrolateral); 10–12 Habitus, dorsal (10–11 preserved, 12 live). White arrows indicating remnants of ALE, black arrows indicating remnants of PLE (notice the different size of PLE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595993/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
) is very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF8088170FA0C1017C04B1D7C" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saszykaska">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FA0C1017C04B1D7C" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">O. saszykaska</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a hook-like DTA, a stiletto-shaped RTA and the embolus mostly covered by the conductor in ventral view, but can be distinguished by: 1. DTA prolaterally with small bulge in dorsal view, 2. Tegulum much wider than cymbium especially in proximal half, 3. Spermophor with right-angled bend shortly before entering embolus, 4. Conductor and tegular apophysis separated by narrow gap (DTA with large and right-angled bulge, tegulum barely wider than cymbium, spermophor with obtuse-angled bend, conductor covering large parts of tegular apophysis in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF8088170FEA610FFC0911C28" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2022" box="[299,456,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saszykaska">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FEA610FFC0911C28" box="[299,456,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">O. saszykaska</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see Jäger 2022: figs 11–13). For the female, see Jäger (2022).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0DA47A4F8088170FF4A111AC4131EF8" pageId="1" pageNumber="337" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF8088170FF4A111AC36D1F08" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FF4A111AC0C71C14" bold="true" box="[199,414,1302,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||
. PL 1.06, PW 0.85, AW 0.45 OL 1.13, OW 0.77. Eye diameters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF8088170FB07111BC5821C14" box="[1162,1243,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1599,1623]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-29@3.[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, male from Laos, Vang Vieng, Tham Loup. 8–9 Left palp (8 prolateral, 9 retrolateral); 10–12 Habitus, dorsal (10–11 preserved, 12 live). White arrows indicating remnants of ALE, black arrows indicating remnants of PLE (notice the different size of PLE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595993/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) ALE 0.04, PLE 0.02; interdistances ALE–PLE 0.025, PLE–PLE 0.13, clypeus height at ALE 0.05. Palp and leg measurements: palp 1.61 (0.47, 0.24, 0.29, -, 0.61), I 5.86 (1.49, 0.47, 1.70, 1.39, 0.81), II 5.05 (1.30, 0.43, 1.36, 1.11, 0.85), III 4.69 (1.24, 0.41, 1.15, 1.20, 0.89), IV 6.70 (1.77, 0.45, 1.61, 1.75, 1.12); leg formula: 4123. Spination of palp and legs: palpal femur 010, patella 110, tibia 110; femora I 500, II 300, III–IV 000; tibiae I 000 15, II 000 14, III–IV 0000; metatarsi I–II 0008, III–IV 0000. Chelicerae with 2 promarginal, 3 retromarginal teeth, the latter increasing in size proximally, 2 strong spines frontally, and 1 long and 5–6 short escort setae. Metatarsus III with strong, IV with weaker distal field of setae ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF8088170FF4A123BC5BC1E20" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
|
||
Palp as in diagnosis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF8088170FE38123BC3431F74" box="[437,538,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[246,1360,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[227,1361,179,1832]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Otacilia tham Jäger 2022 (1–6 male from Tham Loup) and O. saszykaska Jäger 2022 (7 holotype male from Tham Phoukham), copulatory organs. 1 Left palp, prolateral; 2 Ditto, dorsal; 3 Ditto, ventral; 4 Palpal femur, ventral; 5 Left palp, retrolateral; 6–7 Spermophor, ventral. C—conductor, DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis, E—embolus, H—hump, PB—prolateral bulge, RC—retrolateral cavity, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, S—spermophor, T—tegulum, TA—tegular apophysis.Arrow indicating the part of the spermophor enlarged in Figs 6–7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595991/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF8088170FDAB123BC30D1F74" box="[550,596,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1599,1623]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-29@3.[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, male from Laos, Vang Vieng, Tham Loup. 8–9 Left palp (8 prolateral, 9 retrolateral); 10–12 Habitus, dorsal (10–11 preserved, 12 live). White arrows indicating remnants of ALE, black arrows indicating remnants of PLE (notice the different size of PLE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595993/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Femur with distinct hump in lateral view, with small prolateral bulge and longer retrolateral ridge with shallow cavity (best seen in ventral view). RTA narrowly triangular in retrolateral view, not reaching tegular margin, DTA with broad base and apical prolaterad hook (best seen in dorsal view). Tegulum pear-shaped, extending proximally almost up to tibial distal margin. Conductor bluntly pointed in ventral view. Tegular apophysis elongated triangular, distad. Embolus short, filiform and curved, hidden behind conductor in ventral view. Spermophor mainly visible as broad “U”, before narrowing and entering embolus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF8088170FF4A1303C2F61E68" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
|
||
Colouration (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF8088170FED61303C0851E0C" box="[347,476,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1599,1623]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-29@3.[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, male from Laos, Vang Vieng, Tham Loup. 8–9 Left palp (8 prolateral, 9 retrolateral); 10–12 Habitus, dorsal (10–11 preserved, 12 live). White arrows indicating remnants of ALE, black arrows indicating remnants of PLE (notice the different size of PLE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595993/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Figs 10–11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pale yellowish brown without pattern. Fovea and striae faintly marked. Opisthosoma dorsally slightly greyish. Live spiders with shiny appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF8088170FCC3133FC2FB1E68" box="[846,930,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1599,1623]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-29@3.[151,1436,179,1573]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8–12. Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, male from Laos, Vang Vieng, Tham Loup. 8–9 Left palp (8 prolateral, 9 retrolateral); 10–12 Habitus, dorsal (10–11 preserved, 12 live). White arrows indicating remnants of ALE, black arrows indicating remnants of PLE (notice the different size of PLE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595993/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF8088170FF4A135BC0A91E54" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,2013]" box="[199,496,1879,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FF4A135BC0471E54" bold="true" box="[199,286,1879,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. See Jäger (2022).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF8088170FF4A1376C4131EF8" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF8088170FF4A1376C0611EB1" bold="true" box="[199,312,1914,1940]" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
. Females (n = 2): PL 1.07–1.14, OL 1.15–1.61. Spination: tibiae I 000 15–18, II 000 14–16; metatarsi II 0008(7). Juveniles (n = 2): PL 0.82, Spination: femora I 500, II 300; tibiae I 000 14, II 000 13; metatarsi I 0008, II 0007. PL 0.61 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF8088170FED313CFC0E91EF8" box="[350,432,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 15–23" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 15–23. Selected faunistic records from Tham Loup: 15 Sinopoda caeca Grall & Jäger 2020, immature female with juvenile cave cricket as prey. 16 Trombidiidae (Acari). 17 Schizomida. 18 Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, juvenile with darker colouration.19 Psychodidae:Phlebotominae (Diptera).20 Entomobryidae (Collembola).21 Eutrichodesmus sp., Haplodesmidae (Diplopoda). 22 Trichopeltis sp., Cryptodesmidae (Diplopoda). 23 Isopoda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595999/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="337">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
), Spination: femora I 300, II 100; tibiae I 0008, II 0008; metatarsi I 0008, II 0007.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="ACBF44A7F80B8173FF1A134EC3B51ECF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14595991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" startId="2.[151,264,1858,1882]" targetBox="[246,1360,193,1832]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF80B8173FF1A134EC3B51ECF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1858,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80B8173FF1A134EC0651E7F" bold="true" box="[151,316,1858,1882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">FIGURES 1–7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80B8173FECE134EC31E1E7F" authority="Jager 2022" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2022" box="[323,583,1858,1883]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80B8173FECE134EC0891E7F" box="[323,464,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">Otacilia tham</emphasis>
|
||
Jäger 2022
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1–6 male from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80B8173FD78134EC2371E7E" authority="Loup" authorityName="Loup" box="[757,878,1858,1883]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">Tham Loup</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80B8173FC25134FC5F61E7F" authority="Jager 2022" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2022" box="[936,1199,1858,1883]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saszykaska">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80B8173FC25134FC56E1E7F" box="[936,1079,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="338">O. saszykaska</emphasis>
|
||
Jäger 2022
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(7 holotype male from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80B8173FF1A136AC0111E5B" authority="Phoukham" authorityName="Phoukham" box="[151,328,1894,1918]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">Tham Phoukham</taxonomicName>
|
||
), copulatory organs. 1 Left palp, prolateral; 2 Ditto, dorsal; 3 Ditto, ventral; 4 Palpal femur, ventral; 5 Left palp, retrolateral; 6–7 Spermophor, ventral. C—conductor, DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis, E—embolus, H—hump, PB—prolateral bulge, RC—retrolateral cavity, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, S—spermophor, T—tegulum, TA—tegular apophysis.Arrow indicating the part of the spermophor enlarged in Figs 6–7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="ACBF44A7F80A8172FF1A1233C3621F85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595993" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14595993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595993/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" startId="3.[151,264,1599,1623]" targetBox="[151,1436,179,1573]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF80A8172FF1A1233C3621F85" blockId="3.[151,1437,1599,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80A8172FF1A1233C01F1F72" bold="true" box="[151,326,1599,1623]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">FIGURES 8–12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80A8172FEC61233C3131F7D" authority="Jager 2022" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2022" box="[331,586,1599,1624]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80A8172FEC61233C08F1F72" box="[331,470,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">Otacilia tham</emphasis>
|
||
Jäger 2022
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male from Laos, Vang Vieng,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80A8172FCF71233C2AE1F72" authority="Loup." authorityName="Loup." box="[890,1015,1599,1623]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">Tham Loup.</taxonomicName>
|
||
8–9 Left palp (8 prolateral, 9 retrolateral); 10–12 Habitus, dorsal (10–11 preserved, 12 live). White arrows indicating remnants of ALE, black arrows indicating remnants of PLE (notice the different size of PLE).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0DA47A4F80A8172FF4A12FDC4191E29" box="[199,1344,1777,1804]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF80A8172FF4A12FDC4191E29" blockId="3.[151,1437,1777,2020]" box="[199,1344,1777,1804]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80A8172FF4A12FDC0381E2E" bold="true" box="[199,353,1777,1803]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="277BAA8DF80A8172FDED12FEC3C91E29" box="[608,656,1778,1804]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80A8172FD7A12FEC2241E29" authority="Loup" authorityName="Loup" box="[759,893,1778,1804]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">Tham Loup</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3A04DACDF80A8172FC0512FEC5391E29" box="[904,1120,1778,1804]" country="Laos" name="Viangchan" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">Vientiane Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80D754BFF80A8172FBE112FEC5FB1E29" box="[1132,1186,1778,1804]" name="Laos" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF80A8172FB3C12FEC46A1E29" box="[1201,1331,1778,1804]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1243,1267]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,378,1607]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1436,415,1210]" captionTargetId-0="figure-130@4.[151,1436,378,1607]" captionTargetId-1="figure-142@5.[151,1436,414,1217]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 13. Distribution records of Otacilia spp. in the Vang Vieng Karst. Black circle—O. tham Jäger 2022 (in Tham Loup); white square—O. saszykaska Jäger 2022 (in Tham Phoukham) and O. vangvieng Jäger & Wunderlich 2012 (in front of Tham Phoukham). Inset: Location of map section within Laos (black square)." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Distribution records of Otacilia tham Jäger 2022 in Tham Loup (pink circles) with temperatures (in red) on 6 December 2023 at 12 o’clock and four cross sections. Green dashed line—path of intensive search. Y—stalactites; inverted Y—stalagmites; double Y—stalagnate. Modified after an enhanced drawing by Louis Renouard after the original sketch of the team of LPDR Caves Project (1996: fig. 14, sub Tham Lom)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595995" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595997" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14595995/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14595997/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">Figs 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0DA47A4F80A8174FF4A131AC07C18AC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="341" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF80A8175FF4A131AC27519F0" blockId="3.[151,1437,1777,2020]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,150,357]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80A8172FF4A131AC0D11E0A" bold="true" box="[199,392,1813,1840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
In addition to the description in Jäger (2022), spiders were found in another large (right) chamber, thus occupying almost all sites in the aphotic zone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF80A8172FCD31336C2EA1E71" box="[862,947,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1243,1267]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,415,1210]" captionTargetId="figure-142@5.[151,1436,414,1217]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 14. Distribution records of Otacilia tham Jäger 2022 in Tham Loup (pink circles) with temperatures (in red) on 6 December 2023 at 12 o’clock and four cross sections. Green dashed line—path of intensive search. Y—stalactites; inverted Y—stalagmites; double Y—stalagnate. Modified after an enhanced drawing by Louis Renouard after the original sketch of the team of LPDR Caves Project (1996: fig. 14, sub Tham Lom)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595997/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), similar to individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80A8172FB651336C0341E5D" authority="Grall & Jager 2020" authorityName="Grall & Jager" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Sinopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80A8172FB651336C4C51E76" box="[1256,1436,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">Sinopoda caeca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80A8172FF1A1352C0341E5D" author="Grall, E. & Jager, P." box="[151,365,1886,1912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 101" refId="ref3788" refString="Grall, E. & Jager, P. (2020) Forty-seven new species of Sinopoda from Asia with a considerable extension of the distribution range to the South and description of a new species group (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Zootaxa, 4797 (1), 1 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4797.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Grall & Jäger 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80A8172FEF61352C0871E5D" box="[379,478,1886,1912]" class="Pilidiophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" phylum="Nemertea" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80A8172FE651352C32B1E5D" authorityName="Bertkau" authorityYear="1872" box="[488,626,1886,1912]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sparassidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Spots with litter and potential prey such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80A8172FBEF1352C5EF1E5D" box="[1122,1206,1886,1912]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80A8172FB571352C4041E5D" authorityName="Lubbock J" authorityYear="1870" box="[1242,1373,1886,1912]" class="Collembola" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Collembola</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF80A8172FAE71352C1871EB9" captionStart="FIGURE 15–23" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 15–23. Selected faunistic records from Tham Loup: 15 Sinopoda caeca Grall & Jäger 2020, immature female with juvenile cave cricket as prey. 16 Trombidiidae (Acari). 17 Schizomida. 18 Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, juvenile with darker colouration.19 Psychodidae:Phlebotominae (Diptera).20 Entomobryidae (Collembola).21 Eutrichodesmus sp., Haplodesmidae (Diplopoda). 22 Trichopeltis sp., Cryptodesmidae (Diplopoda). 23 Isopoda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595999/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="339">Figs 19–20</figureCitation>
|
||
) were more densely occupied. This was also true for two sites where litter (twigs, leaves) were deliberately left in the cave during a visit in 2022. These were found in 2023 to have the same increased abundance of animals as the other sites with organic material. Apparently, all the organic material was introduced by humans, as the cave is a fossil cave with no (major?) connection to the neighbouring Tam Hoi or other caves (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80D8175FBF1149BC4101994" author="Diraison, G. & Clubs EEGC" box="[1148,1353,150,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" refId="ref3758" refString="Diraison, G. (Ed.) (2005) Vang Vieng - Inventaire des cavites. Clubs EEGC, ABIMES & SCEP, Paris, 179 pp." type="book" year="2005">Diraison 2005: 99</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) where organic material could be swept in during the rainy season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF80D8175FF4A14D3C5751840" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
|
||
The behaviour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FE0214D3C37319DC" box="[399,554,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80D8175FE0214D3C37319DC" box="[399,554,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Otacilia tham</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spiders (females and juveniles observed) was similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FB7E14D3C40919DD" authorityName="Grall & Jager" authorityYear="2020" box="[1267,1360,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Sinopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80D8175FB7E14D3C40919DD" box="[1267,1360,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">S. caeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: when disturbed (breath blown in their direction), the spiders briefly sprinted, also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FBEC150FC5B91838" box="[1121,1248,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oonopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. After the sprint, they stopped and after a short time they went into a resting position with the legs oriented in their characteristic position and the body lowered close to the ground. Most of the time, they sat still.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="ACBF44A7F80D8175FF1A126DC2301FE4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14595995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595995/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" startId="4.[151,250,1633,1657]" targetBox="[151,1436,378,1607]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF80D8175FF1A126DC2301FE4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1633,1729]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80D8175FF1A126DC0461F5C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1633,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FD9C126DC3CD1F5C" box="[529,660,1633,1657]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80D8175FD9C126DC33D1F5C" box="[529,612,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Otacilia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Vang Vieng Karst. Black circle—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FBA4126EC5B61F5C" authority="Jager 2022" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2022" box="[1065,1263,1633,1658]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80D8175FBA4126EC5221F5C" box="[1065,1147,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">O. tham</emphasis>
|
||
Jäger 2022
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FA9B126DC4C81F5C" authority="Loup" authorityName="Loup" box="[1302,1425,1633,1657]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">Tham Loup</taxonomicName>
|
||
); white square—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FEBF128AC3611FB8" authority="Jager 2022" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2022" box="[306,568,1669,1694]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saszykaska">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80D8175FEBF128AC0981FB8" box="[306,449,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">O. saszykaska</emphasis>
|
||
Jäger 2022
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FDEF1289C24B1FB8" authority="Phoukham" authorityName="Phoukham" box="[610,786,1669,1693]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">Tham Phoukham</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FCC1128AC5BA1FB8" authority="Jager & Wunderlich 2012" authorityName="Jager & Wunderlich" authorityYear="2012" box="[844,1251,1669,1694]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vangvieng">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80D8175FCC1128AC28D1FB8" box="[844,980,1670,1693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">O. vangvieng</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80D8175FC56128AC5BA1FB8" author="Jager, P. & Wunderlich, J." box="[987,1251,1669,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" pagination="251 - 271" refId="ref3953" refString="Jager, P. & Wunderlich, J. (2012) New species of the spider genus Otacilia Thorell 1897 (Araneae: Corinnidae) from China, Laos and Thailand. Beitrage zur Araneologie, 7, 251 - 271 + 352 - 357." type="journal article" year="2012">Jäger & Wunderlich 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in front of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FAEC1289C0511FE4" authority="Phoukham" authorityName="Phoukham" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">Tham Phoukham</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Inset: Location of map section within Laos (black square).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F87F142FF80D8174FF4A1318C07C18AC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1811,2018]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,150,393]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="341" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">
|
||
In addition to the faunistic report in Jäger (2022), the following animals were recorded from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FB6D131FC4311E0B" authority="Loup" authorityName="Loup" box="[1248,1384,1811,1838]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tham">Tham Loup</taxonomicName>
|
||
: one species each of:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FED8133BC3231E77" authority="Leach 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[341,634,1847,1874]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Trombidiidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80D8175FE78133BC3231E77" author="Leach, W. E." box="[501,634,1847,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" pagination="306 - 400" refId="ref4186" refString="Leach, W. E. (1815) A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, which Linne arranged under Insecta; with the distribution of the genera composing three of these classes into orders, and descriptions of several new genera and species. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 11, 306 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1813. tb 00065. x" type="journal article" year="1815">Leach 1815</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Acari;
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF80D8175FD56133BC2761E74" box="[731,815,1847,1873]" captionStart="FIGURE 15–23" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 15–23. Selected faunistic records from Tham Loup: 15 Sinopoda caeca Grall & Jäger 2020, immature female with juvenile cave cricket as prey. 16 Trombidiidae (Acari). 17 Schizomida. 18 Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, juvenile with darker colouration.19 Psychodidae:Phlebotominae (Diptera).20 Entomobryidae (Collembola).21 Eutrichodesmus sp., Haplodesmidae (Diplopoda). 22 Trichopeltis sp., Cryptodesmidae (Diplopoda). 23 Isopoda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595999/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FCCB133BC5F81E77" authority="Silvestri 1910" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1910" box="[838,1185,1847,1874]" class="Diplopoda" family="Haplodesmidae" genus="Eutrichodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80D8175FCCB133BC2A31E74" box="[838,1018,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Eutrichodesmus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80D8175FB8E133BC5F81E77" author="Silvestri, F." box="[1027,1185,1847,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" pagination="357 - 364" refId="ref4484" refString="Silvestri, F. (1910) Descrizioni preliminari di novi generi di Diplopodi. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 35 (12 / 13), 357 - 364." type="journal article" year="1910">Silvestri 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FB3F133BC4771E74" authorityName="de Blainville in Gervais" authorityYear="1844" box="[1202,1326,1847,1873]" class="Diplopoda" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Diplopoda</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF80D8175FAB6133BC4D71E77" box="[1339,1422,1847,1874]" captionStart="FIGURE 15–23" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 15–23. Selected faunistic records from Tham Loup: 15 Sinopoda caeca Grall & Jäger 2020, immature female with juvenile cave cricket as prey. 16 Trombidiidae (Acari). 17 Schizomida. 18 Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, juvenile with darker colouration.19 Psychodidae:Phlebotominae (Diptera).20 Entomobryidae (Collembola).21 Eutrichodesmus sp., Haplodesmidae (Diplopoda). 22 Trichopeltis sp., Cryptodesmidae (Diplopoda). 23 Isopoda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595999/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FF1A1357C0E11E53" authority="Pocock 1894" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,440,1883,1910]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cryptodesmidae" genus="Trichopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80D8175FF1A1357C0441E50" box="[151,285,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Trichopeltis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80D8175FEA81357C0E11E53" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[293,440,1883,1910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" pagination="307 - 404" refId="ref4324" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1894) Chilopoda, Symphyla and Diplopoda from the Malay Archipelago. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. 3. Brill, Leiden, pp. 307 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004596863 _ 011" type="book chapter" year="1894">Pocock 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FE4A1357C31A1E50" authorityName="de Blainville in Gervais" authorityYear="1844" box="[455,579,1883,1909]" class="Diplopoda" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Diplopoda</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF80D8175FDC21357C3FA1E53" box="[591,675,1883,1910]" captionStart="FIGURE 15–23" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 15–23. Selected faunistic records from Tham Loup: 15 Sinopoda caeca Grall & Jäger 2020, immature female with juvenile cave cricket as prey. 16 Trombidiidae (Acari). 17 Schizomida. 18 Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, juvenile with darker colouration.19 Psychodidae:Phlebotominae (Diptera).20 Entomobryidae (Collembola).21 Eutrichodesmus sp., Haplodesmidae (Diplopoda). 22 Trichopeltis sp., Cryptodesmidae (Diplopoda). 23 Isopoda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595999/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FD351357C5521E50" authority="Schaffer 1896" authorityName="Schaffer" authorityYear="1896" box="[696,1035,1883,1909]" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Entomobryidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80D8175FCE01357C5521E50" author="Schaffer, C." box="[877,1035,1883,1909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref4455" refString="Schaffer, C. (1896) Die Collembola der Umgebung von Hamburg und benachbarter Gebiete. Mitteilungen des Naturhistorischen Museums Hamburg, 13, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1896">Schäffer 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FB961357C5FA1E50" authorityName="Lubbock J" authorityYear="1870" box="[1051,1187,1883,1909]" class="Collembola" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Collembola</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF80D8175FB221357C45B1E53" box="[1199,1282,1883,1910]" captionStart="FIGURE 15–23" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 15–23. Selected faunistic records from Tham Loup: 15 Sinopoda caeca Grall & Jäger 2020, immature female with juvenile cave cricket as prey. 16 Trombidiidae (Acari). 17 Schizomida. 18 Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, juvenile with darker colouration.19 Psychodidae:Phlebotominae (Diptera).20 Entomobryidae (Collembola).21 Eutrichodesmus sp., Haplodesmidae (Diplopoda). 22 Trichopeltis sp., Cryptodesmidae (Diplopoda). 23 Isopoda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595999/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
), Schizomida (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF80D8175FF2D1373C1AC1EBF" box="[160,245,1919,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 15–23" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 15–23. Selected faunistic records from Tham Loup: 15 Sinopoda caeca Grall & Jäger 2020, immature female with juvenile cave cricket as prey. 16 Trombidiidae (Acari). 17 Schizomida. 18 Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, juvenile with darker colouration.19 Psychodidae:Phlebotominae (Diptera).20 Entomobryidae (Collembola).21 Eutrichodesmus sp., Haplodesmidae (Diplopoda). 22 Trichopeltis sp., Cryptodesmidae (Diplopoda). 23 Isopoda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595999/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FE801373C33F1EBF" authority="Rondani, 1840" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1840" box="[269,614,1919,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phlebotominae">
|
||
Phlebotominae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80D8175FE321373C33F1EBF" author="Rondani, C." box="[447,614,1919,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" refId="ref4417" refString="Rondani, C. (1840) Sopra alcuni nuovi generi di insetti ditteri. Memoria seconda per servire alla ditterologia italiana. Donati, Parma, 27 + [1] pp., 1 pl." type="journal volume" year="1840">Rondani, 1840</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FDF51373C38B1EBC" box="[632,722,1919,1945]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FD521373C5711EBF" authority="Newman, 1834" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[735,1064,1919,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Psychodidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80D8175FCFA138CC5711EBF" author="Newman, E." box="[887,1064,1920,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" pagination="379 - 431" refId="ref4299" refString="Newman, E. (1834) Attempted division of British insects into natural orders. Entomological Magazine, 2, 379 - 431." type="journal article" year="1834">Newman, 1834</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF80D8175FBBB1373C5D01EBF" box="[1078,1161,1919,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 15–23" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 15–23. Selected faunistic records from Tham Loup: 15 Sinopoda caeca Grall & Jäger 2020, immature female with juvenile cave cricket as prey. 16 Trombidiidae (Acari). 17 Schizomida. 18 Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, juvenile with darker colouration.19 Psychodidae:Phlebotominae (Diptera).20 Entomobryidae (Collembola).21 Eutrichodesmus sp., Haplodesmidae (Diplopoda). 22 Trichopeltis sp., Cryptodesmidae (Diplopoda). 23 Isopoda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595999/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
) and Isopoda (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF80D8175FAB41373C4C91EBF" box="[1337,1424,1919,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 15–23" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 15–23. Selected faunistic records from Tham Loup: 15 Sinopoda caeca Grall & Jäger 2020, immature female with juvenile cave cricket as prey. 16 Trombidiidae (Acari). 17 Schizomida. 18 Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, juvenile with darker colouration.19 Psychodidae:Phlebotominae (Diptera).20 Entomobryidae (Collembola).21 Eutrichodesmus sp., Haplodesmidae (Diplopoda). 22 Trichopeltis sp., Cryptodesmidae (Diplopoda). 23 Isopoda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595999/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). An almost unpigmented individual of Dermaptera, several larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FC2F13AFC2AF1E98" box="[930,1014,1955,1981]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a pool at the very west end of the cave, and three individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FE6513CBC2551EC7" authority="Latreille 1807" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[488,780,1991,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Reduviidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80D8175FDE213CBC2551EC7" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[623,780,1991,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" refId="ref4133" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1807) Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. Tome 3. A. Koenig, Paris and Strasbourg, 399 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65741" type="book" year="1807">Latreille 1807</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were also observed. An immature female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80D8175FA8F13C4C4061EC4" authorityName="Grall & Jager" authorityYear="2020" box="[1282,1375,1992,2018]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Sinopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80D8175FA8F13C4C4061EC4" box="[1282,1375,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">S. caeca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="60FB08AAF80D8174FAE213CBC1ED1994" captionStart="FIGURE 15–23" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1435,179,1044]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 15–23. Selected faunistic records from Tham Loup: 15 Sinopoda caeca Grall & Jäger 2020, immature female with juvenile cave cricket as prey. 16 Trombidiidae (Acari). 17 Schizomida. 18 Otacilia tham Jäger 2022, juvenile with darker colouration.19 Psychodidae:Phlebotominae (Diptera).20 Entomobryidae (Collembola).21 Eutrichodesmus sp., Haplodesmidae (Diplopoda). 22 Trichopeltis sp., Cryptodesmidae (Diplopoda). 23 Isopoda." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14595999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14595999/files/figure.png" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="341" pageId="4" pageNumber="340">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
) was observed when feeding on a juvenile cave cricket (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80C8174FCDB149BC5E11994" authority="Walker 1869" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1869" box="[854,1208,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidophoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ensifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Raphidophoridae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80C8174FBAC149BC5E11994" author="Walker, F." box="[1057,1208,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" pagination="225 - 423" refId="ref4637" refString="Walker, F. (1869) Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 199 pp. [pp. 225 - 423] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8149" type="book chapter" year="1869">Walker 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); live specimens of the latter family were observed at various stages throughout the cave.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80C8174FC3B14B7C4C519F0" authority="Bayer & Jager 2009" authorityName="Bayer & Jager" authorityYear="2009" box="[950,1436,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Heteropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aemulans">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80C8174FC3B14B7C5F619F0" box="[950,1199,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">Heteropoda aemulans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80C8174FB3A14B7C4C519F0" author="Bayer, S. & Jager, P." box="[1207,1436,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref3685" refString="Bayer, S. & Jager, P. (2009) Heteropoda species from limestone caves in Laos (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Zootaxa, 2143 (1), 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2143.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Bayer & Jäger 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80C8174FF1214D3C05B19DC" box="[159,258,223,249]" class="Pilidiophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" phylum="Nemertea" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80C8174FE8214D3C0CC19DC" authorityName="Bertkau" authorityYear="1872" box="[271,405,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sparassidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was recorded from the entrance hall and darker areas, as well as an unidentified species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80C8174FEA6150FC0A51838" authority="Simon 1898" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1898" box="[299,508,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Zoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80C8174FEA6150FC0321839" box="[299,363,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">Zoica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80C8174FEFE150FC0A51838" author="Simon, E." box="[371,508,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" pagination="193 - 380" refId="ref4513" refString="Simon, E. (1898) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Tome Second. Deuxieme Edition. Roret, Paris, 188 pp. [pp. 193 - 380] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book chapter" year="1898">Simon 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80C8174FD81150FC2611838" authority="Sundevall 1833" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1833" box="[524,824,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Lycosidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80C8174FD0A150FC2611838" author="Sundevall, C. J." box="[647,824,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" refId="ref4559" refString="Sundevall, C. J. (1833) Conspectus Arachnidum. C. F. Berling, Londini Gothorum, 39 pp." type="book" year="1833">Sundevall 1833</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80C8174FC78150FC47F1838" authority="C. L. Koch 1850" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1850" box="[1013,1318,258,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Pholcidae C.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80C8174FB2B150FC47F1838" author="Koch, C. L." box="[1190,1318,258,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" refId="ref4065" refString="Koch, C. L. (1850) Ubersicht des Arachnidensystems. Heft 5. J. L. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg, 77 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 39561" type="book" year="1850">Koch 1850</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A species of an unidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80C8174FEE4152BC3C91864" authority="Latreille 1804" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[361,656,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Pompilidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C5169DEF80C8174FE7C152BC3C91864" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[497,656,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" pagination="129 - 295" refId="ref4106" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1804) Tableau methodique des Insectes. Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 24, 129 - 295." type="journal article" year="1804">Latreille 1804</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80C8174FD23152BC3AE1865" box="[686,759,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Pepsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80C8174FD23152BC3AE1865" box="[686,759,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">Pepsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, spider hawk wasp) was recorded flying in the cave a few times, once with paralysed prey (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC06FACF80C8174FD831547C3E21840" box="[526,699,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Heteropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAB4C83DF80C8174FD831547C3CA1840" box="[526,659,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="341">Heteropoda</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which was dragged close to the ground into crevices formed by a stalagmite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |