230 lines
22 KiB
XML
230 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="646A98C16D73CD224E7AA94CC797019B">Taxonomy of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A50DADE44D4D7F7031D0CFBD79A6EA79">Klinth, Marten J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B4155AAFDB80777718D9D2733580E874">Rota, Emilia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6FCFF18F471DA135EF08E0A0A1EC1289">Erseus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="2434B9A00C817B892C049EB29F572EFC">703</mods:number>
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<treatment id="2893DC5B061D1F68DB4CBBB1C561FEFD" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134860665" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2893DC5B061D1F68DB4CBBB1C561FEFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2893DC5B061D1F68DB4CBBB1C561FEFD" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="49958F60CEAA7995FB5D6A5A6D748CC3" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6AA709E14DA7B1AEBA31D8484C0E7F05" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="34C09DA2FBE97EB0BF9121BA1C59A99B" ID-CoL="72QDP" authority="Nielsen & Christensen, 1959" authorityName="Nielsen & Christensen" authorityYear="1959" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus buelowi" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="buelowi">Lumbricillus buelowi Nielsen & Christensen, 1959</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 19
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9E533D18DC0A47B09B7CDA13923188E0" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8CEC44EE15896F21A82F00E104F7AE30" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="11CEA34F39207CDA619AB4BBAA14FA6C" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus buelowi" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="buelowi">Lumbricillus buelowi</taxonomicName>
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Nielsen & Christensen, 1959: pp. 106, figs 121-124 & 129;
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<bibRefCitation id="A12EF9975B73BDCCA5B7F64AF2B42F79" author="Erseus, C" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="849 - 858" title="Molecular phylogeny of Enchytraeidae (Annelida, Clitellata)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.005" volume="57" year="2010">
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<normalizedToken id="90C2534C053F5883A40F9B35179C9138" originalValue="Erséus">Erseus</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="977F553381E0185F4E4E21A22A23DBEF" author="Klinth, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="96 - 110" title="Phylogeny and species delimitation of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12187" volume="46" year="2017">Klinth et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F0AE4DA1439C8EE55BC4E18C1657F85" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="D1062B9DD9B0E83A44DEB8FFCA978221" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fridericia bulbosa" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulbosa">Fridericia bulbosa</taxonomicName>
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; sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="BDBB4C0E0DCBCF327A9D45BE5EB7825F" author="von Buelow, T" journalOrPublisher="Kieler Meeresforschungen" pageId="44" pageNumber="59" pagination="69 - 116" title="Systematisch-autoekologische Studien an eulitoralen Oligochaeten der Kimbrischen Halbinsel." volume="13" year="1957">
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von
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<normalizedToken id="45447C277F88814278B09FAAC2259E90" originalValue="Bülow">Buelow</normalizedToken>
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1957
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</bibRefCitation>
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: pp. 87-88, pl. XXVII, figs 5-11; nec Rosa, 1887.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2B122D8F70B7D9588F1D5ADD16043E4D" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="A2F9655F51EC975511110984A33E633A" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="75230D65C14F7848B99A859F71CA3673" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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Typus amissus (Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica). Type locality not precisely defined; the species was originally described from four different sites (
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<normalizedToken id="9D84E24696BFAAA114C15598998AD9AD" originalValue="Kalø">Kalo</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="3285176CCDAC3C10899FEEB44E8DF619" originalValue="Femmøller">Femmoller</normalizedToken>
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, Ebeltoft and
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<normalizedToken id="22213C1A6C5EE066BACE1BB372F95A20" originalValue="Avedøre">Avedore</normalizedToken>
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) in Denmark (
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<bibRefCitation id="443DBF8F0D7E08715BAE84AC02DA21BF" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">Nielsen and Christensen 1959</bibRefCitation>
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). We did not designate a neotype as we do not have material from any of the type localities.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2B67610E24CC8197102D155CDD2F6554" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="632262A56A027ED0CDF3ECE2251375B0" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4ECB072B75DB74AF76FCDADB75A5C65B" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">SMNH 152719 (CE5224), one mature specimen from Sweden, and ZMBN 107802 (CE22293), ZMBN 107804 (CE23273), ZMBN 107805 (CE23375), ZMBN 107806 (CE23376), ZMBN 107811 (CE24678), ZMBN 107814 (CE24688) & ZMBN 107816 (CE24690), seven mature specimens from Norway. For information on specimen collection localities and GenBank accession numbers see Appendix 1.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1B9D81287E55CED4A37C54E8D45B0287" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="5A2CF89B5CAFD3E4B4084ADDD7D3F49B" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">Geographical distribution including BOLD data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B72C9E16B43B0DDF3BAB49E5ADF9D9B" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">Genetically identified from Norway and Sweden. Also known from Denmark and Germany. BIN-number: BOLD:ACQ3084.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5A528EC1B4124CD8D35D8A9D54E03D77" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3AA8C29E291AC62686A019FDB0584D42" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E6DC12C6DF77B9DB8C44E55638CBAC42" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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White to slightly pink or yellow worms. Length (fixed worms) more than 2.4-5.2 mm (amputated specimens), first 15 segments 1.7-2.4 mm long, width at clitellum 0.28-0.49 mm. More than 21-32 segments. Chaetae straight or slightly sigmoid (Fig. 19A). Lateral bundles with 2-3 chaetae anterior to clitellum, 2(3) chaetae in postclitellar segments. Ventral bundles with 2-3(4) chaetae anterior to clitellum, 2(3-4) chaetae posteriorly. Each
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<normalizedToken id="E09AA4FFC21AF96914B50BB20315E7D6" originalValue="worm’s">worm's</normalizedToken>
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longest measured chaetae 30-55
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<normalizedToken id="CA824FF066A9B201639EF7B5751CB84C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, about 5
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<normalizedToken id="751917F1E6599CE0D2EB616F716465D6" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Clitellum extending over
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<normalizedToken id="82B3FC56ECD7639B691A0BA7E6B7CBC2" originalValue="XII–">XII-</normalizedToken>
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1/2XIII. Head pore at 0/1. Epidermis with transverse rows of gland cells.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="54F5ABF18639B6AFEA5A831FF8DE80F2" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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Coelomocytes numerous, 10-25
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<normalizedToken id="E25B070640BE3AC6DE51B43E18B0CF92" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, spindle-shaped, oval, round, granulated with distinct nucleus. Paired pharyngeal glands present in IV, V and VI; each pair converging dorsally (Fig. 19B). Dorsal vessel originating in XIV. Nephridia observed in
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<normalizedToken id="41EDB247C12484AB6A7CFD7B0B0226BC" originalValue="VIII–X">VIII-X</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken id="A223FB166F3AD834CA2E7391AAA15555" originalValue="XV–XXVIII">XV-XXVIII</normalizedToken>
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, about 95
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<normalizedToken id="060C0F4D8A5ECE6234D941BE63FE864F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, anteseptale funnel only, postseptale oval, tapering into posterior efferent duct. Brain slightly longer than wide, with posterior incision.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C3515D8920E7C5027782AC0A1BB8EDE" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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Male genitalia paired (Fig. 19D). Testes originating in XI, extending forwards into X, with testis sacs covering compact mass, slightly but not regularly lobed. Sperm funnels in XI, 85-140
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<normalizedToken id="A68D4E463AA322D0C8C8EC8419260610" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 100-145
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<normalizedToken id="615F0513F4A0F55B8BBC47C0421B7B77" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, making them about as long as wide, funnels tapering towards vasa deferentia. Most of vasa irregularly coiled in XII, 5-10
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<normalizedToken id="1560A460051EBB82113BC92C0B885614" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Penial bulbs round, 75-110
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<normalizedToken id="5F4FCAEA9D1AF237240FCBC5E1762F2F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter, everted in one specimen. Ovaries in XII. One to three mature eggs present at a time.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="44346DF7D6A3E81549FEE13DD4BC0266" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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Spermathecae (Fig. 19C) in V, club-shaped, with distinct ampulla. Ectal duct narrow, more than twice the length of the ampulla, abruptly widening into ampulla. Ampulla round, entally connecting with oesophagus. Sperm in ampulla aggregated into central mass haloed by circle of spermatozoa. Spermathecae 130-160
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<normalizedToken id="17BE61B7FCD47C49507D32502A9FD268" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 45-65
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<normalizedToken id="B20601628FE1D9BE6F7072DA14BE3F5C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide at widest part of ampulla. Gland cells surrounding ectal pore, folded, glandular body 40-90
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<normalizedToken id="FC3620577A3EB83EB2B28B3EF1E32444" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter at its widest part. Up to five midventral subneural glands in
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<normalizedToken id="A56560014E9B554910F695A37228A6EE" originalValue="XIII–">XIII-</normalizedToken>
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XVII, 50-95
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<normalizedToken id="F5906983BF3B8153EB0085A83BB7B422" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, 60-120
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<normalizedToken id="8E145DA018D4B22D8A1D58CC1AB170EA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, 60-95
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<normalizedToken id="6D84F8604E2A76168093AC9F4FA47253" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, 50-65
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<normalizedToken id="A54BA324839C2802F4C27E294DBE0543" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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and 45
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<normalizedToken id="C300AF80A475E91C10C1FB518862D2E2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, respectively; glands in
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<normalizedToken id="9F1C646EF9B1D98162D88FE4A5A7B295" originalValue="XVI–XVII">XVI-XVII</normalizedToken>
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not observed in all specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="B685126F86D3B00C665476956852F364" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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<paragraph id="1BD80E13D4924D7C8539C4B3013D1FBA" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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Figure 19.
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<taxonomicName id="EDA5D68DA9A2B7BAEB07E11398FC9EC0" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus buelowi" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="buelowi">Lumbricillus buelowi</taxonomicName>
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. A Chaetal bundle B Anterior body C Spermatheca D Other genitalia. Abbreviations under general notes. Scale bars: 100
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<normalizedToken id="E10EA7BB8FEEB303B0035E246FAB7C7E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9DAE12205B66D2BEE9641FCBCE5B8840" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="AAC78BAD2A9CE908AAFDE39C3C2586A6" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">Geographical distribution including BOLD data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B3B4B51EEAF34966BBFB1DE390019ED7" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">Genetically identified from Norway and Sweden. Also known from Denmark and Germany. BIN-number: BOLD:ACQ3084.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="546774BCF47F079946838D47FC5C28E8" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="27AD5ED14D76F06FB3D9A5415D03CB5C" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20F568F22D006BC03FCB38DAABBA19B4" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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It is clear that the two species here identified as
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<taxonomicName id="2BA5486E17CA17CF7E22910B030D34E2" lsidName="L. buelowi" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="buelowi">L. buelowi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="1CFE534443498939439FB7FEC17EA8E9" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
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Nielsen & Christensen, 1959 are closely related (
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<bibRefCitation id="3CB736DC7012E515ECAA682B5BDFAAE4" author="Klinth, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="96 - 110" title="Phylogeny and species delimitation of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12187" volume="46" year="2017">Klinth et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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) (see also Fig. 1), and most morphological characters such as the spermathecae, sperm funnels and penial bulbs are virtually identical between them. However, there are some general differences in our studied material:
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<taxonomicName id="F96458FB4CAC34DEC8A24932EAB7075E" lsidName="L. buelowi" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="buelowi">L. buelowi</taxonomicName>
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is on average larger than
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<taxonomicName id="B0A6D23FBEA71CCCC4DB0D900E1F8BF5" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
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, as originally noted by Nielsen and Christensen, although there is overlap between the two.
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<taxonomicName id="144481F32F7AABB1776ADB9460884F48" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus buelowi" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="buelowi">Lumbricillus buelowi</taxonomicName>
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possesses 2-3 chaetae in the lateral bundles anterior of the clitellum while
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<taxonomicName id="8DB002849E51FAA16934878BBAEEEA53" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses only 2. In their original description, Nielsen and Christensen also differentiate the two species by colour and size of coelomocytes where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72A7E897918F77470F67BE78AB8835FB" lsidName="L. buelowi" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="buelowi">L. buelowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
is red with two types of coelomocytes, one being larger than the chaetae, compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CDE1D4E0F8C09B35AEE4C8E6CA52A7B" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is white and have only one type of coelomocytes, shorter than the chaetae. We observed only the smaller coelomocytes in both species, and as we stained the material we only have observations of the live animals; some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9909D1DF969E2EB284054BCDE2D3C05" lsidName="L. buelowi" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="buelowi">L. buelowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
were noted as being pinkish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3F5D618FB12DF43F2A0143314C77FAF" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
|
||
There are a number of species with descriptions similar to the ones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5657F8C26DE6D3BCE20ABA31375C27D" lsidName="L. buelowi" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="buelowi">L. buelowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and therefore also of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="20B6FB59C2F5CD980105D80AE9A44BBF" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2693475C1349060D6CD4664E50DF0AF" lsidName="L. eltoni" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="eltoni">L. eltoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Stephenson, 1924),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D2DD38465FE927CFCB30C15D504E83" lsidName="L. muscicolus" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="muscicolus">L. muscicolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Stephenson, 1924) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BD522FCC39FE635AA0A74BBFB5C2751" lsidName="L. nielseni" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="nielseni">L. nielseni</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nurminen, 1965. All these latter three were described from Svalbard where we found specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE1B272E5F42D9A3594809BE195BA5B1" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="482922E475991132F5526E5A9B3183B4" lsidName="L. buelowi" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="buelowi">L. buelowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, the two species described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F359EFFAE50247E881CB278E52B3E016" author="Stephenson, J" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="49" pageNumber="64" pagination="210 - 216" title="On some Oligochaete worms from Spitsbergen. Results of the Merton College expedition to Spitsbergen. Annals and Magazine of Natural History." volume="13" year="1924">Stephenson (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were not illustrated and the descriptions are not extensive enough for us to synonymize either of them with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05C043C30ECB70AB220E8E3AB385EDDB" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CAE1AEF3F5DB1CD15A82C0AC127EFA0B" originalValue="Stephenson’s">Stephenson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
species would in that case hold seniority in name). Also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D5B70AC502B3383374C39E6C7E25141" lsidName="L. nielseni" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="nielseni">L. nielseni</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described too briefly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A75464F6EC096B3628FAA4CAB5A526B" author="Nurminen, M" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici Fennici" pageId="48" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 10" title="Enchytraeid and lumbricid records (Oligochaeta) from Spitsbergen." volume="2" year="1965 a">Nurminen 1965a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the illustrated spermathecae seems slightly different from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4B9310680AF145056967D432D479472" lsidName="L. buelowi" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="buelowi">L. buelowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF3D5058A90AB81A57CED7C58346DDA2" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, causing us once again to avoid synonymization.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |