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<mods:title id="B63670E3F31843DB738117AF9A5F73D7">INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CONILON COFFEE</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="AFE0084EB24EFF8B0996AB920A0FFDE8" box="[204,569,485,515]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="2027">Praelongorthezia praelonga</emphasis>
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:
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Also known as citrus orthezia. The adult female measures about 2.5 mm and has the body covered by white wax plates, presenting on the back two small greenish areas without wax. The head is covered by two protruding plates. In the posterior part of the body are found several elongated wax rods that unite to form the egg sac where the females accommodate newly hatched eggs and nymphs (
<figureCitation id="05AFC8D9B24EFF8B0A87A8E70C53FD45" box="[989,1125,656,686]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="38.[151,235,1705,1732]" captionTargetBox="[144,839,983,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-431@38.[158,839,978,1383]" captionText="Figure 9. Orthezia colony (Praelongorthezia praelonga) on coffee leaves (A); leaf covered with dark- colored fungus, commonly referred to as sooty mold (B); and coffee plant with high defoliation caused by the pest (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10072591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10072591/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="2027">Figure 9A</figureCitation>
). Both adult females and nymphs move in the plant. In 1988, a large outbreak was observed, with the pest spread in most of the northern region of Espírito Santo's municipalities (
<bibRefCitation id="F905A9ADB24EFF8B0A8BA8920CDFFCE8" author="MARTINS, D. dos S. &amp; BRAGANCA, S. M." box="[977,1257,741,771]" journalOrPublisher="IBC" pageId="38" pageNumber="2027" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref25423" refString="MARTINS, D. dos S.; BRAGANCA, S. M. Ocorrencia de Perigonia lusca (Fabricius, 1777) em cafe Conilon (Coffea canephora) no Norte do estado do Espirito Santo. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 15., 1989, Maringa, PR. Resumos ... Maringa, PR: IBC, p. 11 - 16, 1989." title="Ocorrencia de Perigonia lusca (Fabricius, 1777) em cafe Conilon (Coffea canephora) no Norte do estado do Espirito Santo" type="proceedings paper" volumeTitle="CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 15., 1989, Maringa, PR. Resumos ... Maringa, PR" year="1989">MARTINS et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
; MARTINS; PAULINI; GALVÃO, 1989). Dry and cold periods, in consecutive years of low precipitation, favor their population development. At high infestations, the leaves are covered with sooty mold (
<figureCitation id="05AFC8D9B24EFF8B09C4A9120917FC68" box="[158,289,869,899]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="38.[151,235,1705,1732]" captionTargetBox="[144,839,983,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-431@38.[158,839,978,1383]" captionText="Figure 9. Orthezia colony (Praelongorthezia praelonga) on coffee leaves (A); leaf covered with dark- colored fungus, commonly referred to as sooty mold (B); and coffee plant with high defoliation caused by the pest (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10072591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10072591/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="2027">Figure 9B</figureCitation>
) and the pest can cause the plant to die (
<bibRefCitation id="F905A9ADB24EFF8B0A0EA9120C46FC68" author="MARTINS, D. dos S. &amp; BRAGANCA, S. M." box="[852,1136,869,899]" journalOrPublisher="IBC" pageId="38" pageNumber="2027" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref25423" refString="MARTINS, D. dos S.; BRAGANCA, S. M. Ocorrencia de Perigonia lusca (Fabricius, 1777) em cafe Conilon (Coffea canephora) no Norte do estado do Espirito Santo. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 15., 1989, Maringa, PR. Resumos ... Maringa, PR: IBC, p. 11 - 16, 1989." title="Ocorrencia de Perigonia lusca (Fabricius, 1777) em cafe Conilon (Coffea canephora) no Norte do estado do Espirito Santo" type="proceedings paper" volumeTitle="CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 15., 1989, Maringa, PR. Resumos ... Maringa, PR" year="1989">MARTINS et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
; MARTINS; PAULINI; GALVÃO, 1989) (
<figureCitation id="05AFC8D9B24EFF8B0837A9E709C4FC45" box="[365,498,912,942]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="38.[151,235,1705,1732]" captionTargetBox="[144,839,983,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-431@38.[158,839,978,1383]" captionText="Figure 9. Orthezia colony (Praelongorthezia praelonga) on coffee leaves (A); leaf covered with dark- colored fungus, commonly referred to as sooty mold (B); and coffee plant with high defoliation caused by the pest (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10072591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10072591/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="2027">Figure 9C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D2BD45CB24EFF8B0A37A9A60BFCFC04" blockId="38.[870,1400,977,1946]" box="[877,970,977,1007]" pageId="38" pageNumber="2027">
<emphasis id="AFE0084EB24EFF8B0A37A9A60BFCFC04" bold="true" box="[877,970,977,1007]" pageId="38" pageNumber="2027">Losses</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D2BD45CB24EFF8A0AF8A98B092AFDB2" blockId="38.[870,1400,977,1946]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1400,229,771]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="2028" pageId="38" pageNumber="2027">Scale insects cause direct damage by the continuous sucking of sap, contributing to the plant depletion. Indirect damages are also caused because they are sap-feeding insects and the excess sugary secretion that covers the leaves facilitates the occurrence of sooty mold. This fungus covers the foliage in black layer, damaging the photosynthesis and respiration of the plant, mainly in the nurseries. In addition, they provide food to the ants that give them protection, and can sometimes damage the coffee tree root with the anthill construction. The successive stings in the plants can also favor the penetration of microorganisms. Green scales cause growth retardation of seedlings in the nursery and in the newly planted ones. In the case of the chain cochineal, in addition to the losses already mentioned, it can cause the coffee trees drying. The scale root forms nodosities and sucks sap from the coffee tree roots causing the plants depletion, yellowing and almost total leaf fall, and it may be necessary to replant the affected area. The recognition is done by digging up part of the soil around the plant's neck or collar, from which colonies of this cochineal are white, when the infestation is recent or also due to the formation of crypts in colonies that have been installed for a long time. It is noted that the main roots are covered by a leathery wrap, initially yellowish and then dark brown, caused by a fungus that develops at the expense of the sugary substance secreted by the cochineal. The roots present a series of nodes formed by the succession of crypts or popcorn where the insect is housed.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="AFE0084EB24EFF8B09CDACDE0936F92F" bold="true" box="[151,256,1705,1732]" pageId="38" pageNumber="2027">Figure 9</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5A94AFDFB24EFF8B0851ACDE0942F92F" box="[267,372,1705,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Orthezia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="2027" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthezia</taxonomicName>
colony (
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<emphasis id="AFE0084EB24EFF8B0882ACDF0B08F92D" box="[472,830,1704,1734]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="2027">Praelongorthezia praelonga</emphasis>
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) on coffee leaves (A); leaf covered with dark- colored fungus, commonly referred to as sooty mold (B); and coffee plant with high defoliation caused by the pest (C).
</paragraph>
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The citrus mealybug has increased its responsibility for the direct damages to the conilon coffee productivity (
<bibRefCitation id="F905A9ADB24FFF8A08FDA8E70AD1FD45" author="FORNAZIER, M. J. &amp; FANTON, C. J. &amp; MARTINS, D. dos S. &amp; GOMES. W. R. &amp; GOMES, M. A." box="[423,743,656,686]" journalOrPublisher="COOABRIEL - Orgao Informativo da Cooperativa de Sao Gabriel. Sao Gabriel da Palha, ES" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" pagination="7" refId="ref24315" refString="FORNAZIER, M. J.; FANTON, C. J.; MARTINS, D. dos S.; GOMES. W. R.; GOMES, M. A. Guia do cafeicultor: cochonilha da roseta do cafe Conilon. COOABRIEL - Orgao Informativo da Cooperativa de Sao Gabriel. Sao Gabriel da Palha, ES: p. 7, 2004." title="Guia do cafeicultor: cochonilha da roseta do cafe Conilon" type="journal article" year="2004">FORNAZIER et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Its attack occurs directly to the floral buds and to the underdevelopment fruits, leading to their massive fall. It causes the wilting of more developed fruits (
<bibRefCitation id="F905A9ADB24FFF8A0824A8920AF5FCE8" author="FORNAZIER, M. J. &amp; PERINI, J. L. &amp; De MUNER, L. H. &amp; BENASSI, V. L. R. M. &amp; MAZZO, G. &amp; SANTA-CECILIA, L. V. C. &amp; DAUN, S. C." box="[382,707,741,771]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref24005" refString="FORNAZIER, M. J.; PERINI, J. L.; De MUNER, L. H.; BENASSI, V. L. R. M.; MAZZO, G.; SANTA-CECILIA, L. V. C.; DAUN, S. C. Cochonilha branca da roseta em cafe Conilon (Coffea canephora) no Estado do Espirito Santo. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 26., 2000, Marilia, SP. Anais ... Marilia, SP: p. 176 - 177, 2000 g." title="Cochonilha branca da roseta em cafe Conilon (Coffea canephora) no Estado do Espirito Santo" type="proceedings paper" volumeTitle="CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 26., 2000, Marilia, SP. Anais ... Marilia, SP" year="2000">FORNAZIER et al., 2000g</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F905A9ADB24FFF8A0B94A8920B15FCE8" author="FORNAZIER, M. J. &amp; MARTINS, D. dos S. &amp; CARMO, G. O. &amp; De MUNER, L. H. &amp; SANTA CECILIA, L. V. C." box="[718,803,741,771]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" pagination="250 - 251" refId="ref24107" refString="FORNAZIER, M. J.; MARTINS, D. dos S.; CARMO, G. O.; De MUNER, L. H.; SANTA CECILIA, L. V. C. Ocorrencia de Planococcus minor Maskell, 1897 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) em cafe na regiao sul do Espirito Santo. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 27., 2001. Uberaba, MG. Anais ... Uberaba, MG: p. 250 - 251, 2001 a." title="Ocorrencia de Planococcus minor Maskell, 1897 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) em cafe na regiao sul do Espirito Santo" type="proceedings paper" volumeTitle="CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 27., 2001. Uberaba, MG. Anais ... Uberaba, MG" year="2001">2001a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="AFE0084EB24FFF8A0996A95009ECFCAE" bold="true" box="[204,474,807,837]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028">Methods of control</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<heading id="C6636330B24FFF8A0996A91F0908FC6D" bold="true" box="[204,318,872,902]" fontSize="12" level="11" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" reason="6">
<emphasis id="AFE0084EB24FFF8A0996A91F0908FC6D" bold="true" box="[204,318,872,902]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028">Cultural</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="9D2BD45CB24FFF8A0996A9E40B18FC30" blockId="39.[149,1398,872,987]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028">The cultural control is done by observing the infestation of the pest in the acquired seedlings by taking care of lots that may present infestation.</paragraph>
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<heading id="C6636330B24FFF8A0996A988096CFBF6" bold="true" box="[204,346,1023,1053]" fontSize="12" level="11" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" reason="6">
<emphasis id="AFE0084EB24FFF8A0996A988096CFBF6" bold="true" box="[204,346,1023,1053]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028">Biological</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D2BD45CB24FFF8A0996AE5E0C4DFB19" blockId="39.[151,1399,1023,1266]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028">
There are several natural enemies that can efficiently control coccidians. Among them, we highlight ladybugs larvae of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="5A94AFDFB24FFF8A0BEFAE230B1EFB99" box="[693,808,1108,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Scymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFE0084EB24FFF8A0BEFAE230B1EFB99" box="[693,808,1108,1138]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028">Scymnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Hyperaspis (
<taxonomicName id="5A94AFDFB24FFF8A0D4CAE230C98FB99" box="[1046,1198,1108,1138]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="5A94AFDFB24FFF8A0DE6AE230D46FB99" box="[1212,1392,1108,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccinellidae</taxonomicName>
) and chrysopidae larvae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) (
<bibRefCitation id="F905A9ADB24FFF8A0A0DAE080CAEFB76" author="FORNAZIER, M. J. &amp; SANTA-CECILIA, L. V. C. &amp; TAVARES, M. T. &amp; MARTINS, D. dos S." box="[855,1176,1151,1181]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" pagination="215" refId="ref24737" refString="FORNAZIER, M. J.; SANTA-CECILIA, L. V. C.; TAVARES, M. T.; MARTINS, D. dos S. Inimigos naturais da cochonilha das rosetas em cafe Conilon no estado do Espirito Santo. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 32., 2006. Pocos de Caldas, MG. Anais ... Pocos de Caldas, MG: p. 215, 2006." title="Inimigos naturais da cochonilha das rosetas em cafe Conilon no estado do Espirito Santo" type="proceedings paper" volumeTitle="CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 32., 2006. Pocos de Caldas, MG. Anais ... Pocos de Caldas, MG" year="2006">FORNAZIER et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
) and the micro- 
<taxonomicName id="5A94AFDFB24FFF8A09CDAEDE0966FB2C" box="[151,336,1193,1223]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
parasitoids 
<taxonomicName id="5A94AFDFB24FFF8A08ADAEDE0BACFB2C" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" box="[503,922,1193,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Leptomastidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">
<emphasis id="AFE0084EB24FFF8A08ADAEDE0B0FFB2C" box="[503,825,1193,1223]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028">Leptomastidea abnormis</emphasis>
Girault
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5A94AFDFB24FFF8A0AB8AEDE0D40FB2C" authority="Howard" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1885" box="[994,1398,1193,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Leptomastix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dactylopii">
<emphasis id="AFE0084EB24FFF8A0AB8AEDE0D30FB2C" box="[994,1286,1193,1223]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028">Leptomastix dactylopii</emphasis>
Howard
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="5A94AFDFB24FFF8A09FBAEA30969FB19" box="[161,351,1236,1266]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="5A94AFDFB24FFF8A0833AEA309CFFB19" box="[361,505,1236,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
) (PRADO; SANTA-CECÍLIA; FLOREZI FILHO, 2008).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D2BD45CB24FFF8A0996AF620979FAD8" blockId="39.[150,1401,1301,1971]" box="[204,335,1301,1331]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028">
<heading id="C6636330B24FFF8A0996AF620979FAD8" bold="true" box="[204,335,1301,1331]" fontSize="12" level="11" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" reason="6">
<emphasis id="AFE0084EB24FFF8A0996AF620979FAD8" bold="true" box="[204,335,1301,1331]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028">Chemical</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D2BD45CB24FFF8A0996AF370968FA35" blockId="39.[150,1401,1301,1971]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028">For the chemical control of the scale root the application of neonicotinoid insecticide when the first infestations are detected, in a localized way in the &quot;reboleiras̎ and directly at the plant insertion point with the soil, via liquid, is efficient (FORNAZIER; LIMA; ROCHA, 2000; SOUZA; RIBEIRO, 2003).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D2BD45CB24FFF850996AF9C0C3BFE68" blockId="39.[150,1401,1301,1971]" lastBlockId="40.[151,1399,229,387]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="2029" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028">
For the citrus mealybug, research developed by Incaper (FORNAZIER; 
<bibRefCitation id="F905A9ADB24FFF8A0DC5AF9C0D45F9E2" author="MARTINS, D. dos S. &amp; FORNAZIER, M. J." box="[1183,1395,1515,1545]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" pagination="194" refId="ref25494" refString="MARTINS, D. dos S.; FORNAZIER, M. J. Controle da lagarta das rosetas do cafe, Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere, 1864) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae), em cafe Conilon. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENTOMOLOGIA, 19. 2002, Manaus, AM. Anais ... Manaus, AM: p. 194. 2002." title="Controle da lagarta das rosetas do cafe, Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere, 1864) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae), em cafe Conilon" type="proceedings paper" volumeTitle="CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENTOMOLOGIA, 19. 2002, Manaus, AM. Anais ... Manaus, AM" year="2002">MARTINS, 2002</bibRefCitation>
, 2003a, 2003b, 2003c, 2003d; 
<bibRefCitation id="F905A9ADB24FFF8A0B40AC620B56F9D8" author="FORNAZIER, M. J. &amp; FANTON, C. J. &amp; GOMES, W. R. &amp; MARTINS, D. dos S." box="[538,864,1557,1587]" journalOrPublisher="Incaper" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" pagination="89 - 90" refId="ref24384" refString="FORNAZIER, M. J.; FANTON, C. J.; GOMES, W. R.; MARTINS, D. dos S. Controle da cochonilha da roseta, Planococcus sp., em cafe Conilon irrigado. In: SIMPOSIO INTERNO DE PESQUISA, DESENVOLVIMENTO E INOVACAO, 1., Vitoria, ES. Resumos ... Vitoria, ES: Incaper, p. 89 - 90, 2005 a. (Incaper. Documentos, 140)." title="Controle da cochonilha da roseta, Planococcus sp., em cafe Conilon irrigado" type="proceedings paper" volumeTitle="SIMPOSIO INTERNO DE PESQUISA, DESENVOLVIMENTO E INOVACAO, 1., Vitoria, ES. Resumos ... Vitoria, ES" year="2005">FORNAZIER et al., 2005a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F905A9ADB24FFF8A0A36AC620BF7F9D8" author="FORNAZIER, M. J. &amp; FANTON, C. J. &amp; SANTA-CECILIA, L. S. &amp; MENEZES JR., A. O. &amp; GOMES, W. R. &amp; MARTINS, D. S. &amp; VIEIRA, L. P." box="[876,961,1557,1587]" journalOrPublisher="Incaper" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" pagination="91 - 92" refId="ref24470" refString="FORNAZIER, M. J.; FANTON, C. J.; SANTA-CECILIA, L. S.; MENEZES JR., A. O.; GOMES, W. R.; MARTINS, D. S.; VIEIRA, L. P. Flutuacao populacional da cochonilha-da-roseta, e seus inimigos naturais no Espirito Santo. In: SIMPOSIO INTERNO DE PESQUISA, DESENVOLVIMENTO E INOVACAO, 1., 2005, Vitoria, ES. Resumos ... Vitoria, ES: Incaper, p. 91 - 92, 2005 b. (Incaper. Documentos, 140)." title="Flutuacao populacional da cochonilha-da-roseta, e seus inimigos naturais no Espirito Santo." type="proceedings paper" volumeTitle="SIMPOSIO INTERNO DE PESQUISA, DESENVOLVIMENTO E INOVACAO, 1., 2005, Vitoria, ES. Resumos ... Vitoria, ES" year="2005">2005b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F905A9ADB24FFF8A0A94AC620C13F9D8" author="FORNAZIER, M. J. &amp; GOMES, W. R. &amp; MARTINS, D. dos S. &amp; FANTON, C. J. &amp; De MUNER, L. H." box="[974,1061,1557,1587]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" pagination="101 - 102" refId="ref24657" refString="FORNAZIER, M. J.; GOMES, W. R.; MARTINS, D. dos S.; FANTON, C. J.; De MUNER, L. H. Clorpirifos para controle da cochonilha da roseta em cafe Conilon. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 31., 2005, Guarapari, ES. Anais. .. Guarapari, ES: p. 101 - 102, 2005 d." title="Clorpirifos para controle da cochonilha da roseta em cafe Conilon" type="proceedings paper" volumeTitle="CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 31., 2005, Guarapari, ES. Anais. .. Guarapari, ES" year="2005">2005d</bibRefCitation>
; FORNAZIER; FREITAS; De MUNER, 2005; 
<bibRefCitation id="F905A9ADB24FFF8A083AAC370A79F9B5" author="FORNAZIER, M. J. &amp; SANTA-CECILIA, L. V. C. &amp; TAVARES, M. T. &amp; MARTINS, D. dos S." box="[352,591,1600,1630]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" pagination="215" refId="ref24737" refString="FORNAZIER, M. J.; SANTA-CECILIA, L. V. C.; TAVARES, M. T.; MARTINS, D. dos S. Inimigos naturais da cochonilha das rosetas em cafe Conilon no estado do Espirito Santo. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 32., 2006. Pocos de Caldas, MG. Anais ... Pocos de Caldas, MG: p. 215, 2006." title="Inimigos naturais da cochonilha das rosetas em cafe Conilon no estado do Espirito Santo" type="proceedings paper" volumeTitle="CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 32., 2006. Pocos de Caldas, MG. Anais ... Pocos de Caldas, MG" year="2006">FORNAZIER, 2006</bibRefCitation>
) showed that it is necessary to use a high volume of syrup (higher than 1,000 L/ha), use of suitable chemical products and the infestation monitoring to verify the presence of the pest moving or installed in the rosettes. For emergency control, 
<bibRefCitation id="F905A9ADB24FFF8A09C3ACB7094DF935" author="REIS, P. R. &amp; SOUZA, J. C. &amp; SANTA-CECILIA, L. V. C. &amp; SILVA, R. A. &amp; ZACARIAS, M. S." box="[153,379,1728,1758]" editor="Reis, P. R. &amp; Cunha, R. L." pageId="39" pageNumber="2028" pagination="572 - 688" part="1" refId="ref27225" refString="REIS, P. R.; SOUZA, J. C.; SANTA-CECILIA, L. V. C.; SILVA, R. A.; ZACARIAS, M. S. Manejo integrado das pragas do cafeeiro. In: Reis, P. R.; Cunha, R. L. (Eds.). Cafe arabica: do plantio a colheita. v. 1, p. 572 - 688. 2010." title="Manejo integrado das pragas do cafeeiro" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Cafe arabica: do plantio a colheita" year="2010">Reis et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
recommend the use of different chemical products, such as methidathion and chlorpyrifos ethyl, registered for other coffee tree pests, by means of foliar spraying. In the observation of the populations increase, carry out the chemical control, preferably per field. In plantations where planting is carried out with the clones of the in-line varieties, it is recommended to monitor the incidence of cochineal in the clones, avoiding the indiscriminate application throughout the area. Preventive chemical intervention with products applied via foliage is not advisable because of the irregular cochineal manifestation in the crops. Products applied via soil have presented variation in the agronomic efficiency to control the pest (FORNAZIER; 
<bibRefCitation id="F905A9ADB240FF850810AB4C0A2FFEB2" author="MARTINS, D. dos S. &amp; FORNAZIER, M. J." box="[330,537,315,345]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2029" pagination="194" refId="ref25494" refString="MARTINS, D. dos S.; FORNAZIER, M. J. Controle da lagarta das rosetas do cafe, Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere, 1864) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae), em cafe Conilon. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENTOMOLOGIA, 19. 2002, Manaus, AM. Anais ... Manaus, AM: p. 194. 2002." title="Controle da lagarta das rosetas do cafe, Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere, 1864) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae), em cafe Conilon" type="proceedings paper" volumeTitle="CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENTOMOLOGIA, 19. 2002, Manaus, AM. Anais ... Manaus, AM" year="2002">MARTINS, 2002</bibRefCitation>
, 2003a, 2003b, 2003c, 2003d). Chemicals applied via trunk were ineffective to control this cochineal (FORNAZIER; MARTINS, 2003a).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>