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<mods:title id="9FDF2624AA22B2104696C3F86A26BCB2">Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EB416B8701E9FA55FC5FFA172C8A6A70">Miranda, Gustavo Silva de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="925BDA46434D7CFDE2D18210E747B5EC">Giupponi, Alessandro P. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="67A37D21B8174160A72E6E00AA1DADC2">Prendini, Lorenzo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="602CCE50DED924384C30ED6D9E5CCF4A">Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="71A8C6C012A3E25D4DB968D330A44508">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. &amp; Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA. &amp; Zoology Section, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FFE6FFACA6F3FCA2FB97DF69" ID-CoL="TNW9" authority="Vasconcelos &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Vasconcelos &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[483,1105,845,872]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Charinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santanensis">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FFE6FFACA6F3FCA2FD2ADF69" bold="true" box="[483,748,845,872]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Charinus santanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FFE6FFACA5E4FCA1FB97DF69" author="Vasconcelos A. C. O. &amp; Ferreira R. L." box="[756,1105,846,872]" firstAuthor="Vasconcelos" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="277 - 292" part="4312" refId="ref155073" refString="Vasconcelos A. C. O. &amp; Ferreira R. L. 2017. Two new species of cave-dwelling Charinus Simon, 1892 from Brazil (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae). Zootaxa 4312: 277 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4312.2.4" title="Two new species of cave-dwelling Charinus Simon, 1892 from Brazil (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Vasconcelos &amp; Ferreira, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FFE6FFACA5ADFC9DFCD2DF8C" box="[701,788,882,909]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="298.[189,232,1225,1251]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1185]" captionTargetId="figure-0@298.[189,1399,265,1185]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="Fig. 43. Map plotting known distributions of species of Charinus Simon, 1892 in eastern South America, with inset for southeastern Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536508/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
;
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<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FFE6FFACA7ADFC5AFC4DDFCE" authority="Vasconcelos &amp; Ferreira, 2017: 283 - 286" authorityName="Vasconcelos &amp; Ferreira" authorityPageNumber="283 - 286" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,907,949,976]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Charinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satanensis">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FFE6FFACA7ADFC5AFE69DFCE" box="[189,431,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Charinus satanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FFE6FFACA6A5FC5AFC4DDFCE" author="Vasconcelos A. C. O. &amp; Ferreira R. L." box="[437,907,949,976]" firstAuthor="Vasconcelos" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" page="283 - 286" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="277 - 292" part="4312" refId="ref155073" refString="Vasconcelos A. C. O. &amp; Ferreira R. L. 2017. Two new species of cave-dwelling Charinus Simon, 1892 from Brazil (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae). Zootaxa 4312: 277 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4312.2.4" title="Two new species of cave-dwelling Charinus Simon, 1892 from Brazil (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Vasconcelos &amp; Ferreira, 2017: 283286</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 1623, 2930.
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FFE6FFACA7ADFC17FEF0D813" bold="true" box="[189,310,1016,1042]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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Based on
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, this species may be separated from other
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FFE6FFACA380FBC7FB3BD843" box="[1168,1277,1064,1090]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Charinus</emphasis>
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in eastern South America by means of the following combination of characters: median and lateral eyes well developed; male gonopods with processus internus and lateral lobe 1 forming several long lobes, lateral lobe 2 and dorsal lobe drop-shaped, with dorsal lobe larger than lateral lobe 2, and lamina medialis forceps-shaped; cheliceral claw with eight teeth; pedipalp femur with four or five dorsal spines and five ventral spines, patella with six dorsal spines and three or four ventral spines, and tibia with dorsal spine 2 two to three times as long as spine 1; leg IV distitibia with eighteen trichobothria,
<emphasis id="359E7E71FFE6FFACA3D9FAEAFB27D91F" box="[1225,1249,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">sc</emphasis>
and
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series each with six trichobothria.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FFE6FFACA7ADFA83FE82D987" bold="true" box="[189,324,1388,1414]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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Refers to Santana, the municipality in the Brazilian state of
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, in which the
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locality is situated (
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).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FFE6FFACA7ADF9EBFEAADA1C" bold="true" box="[189,364,1539,1566]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FFE6FFACA7FAF9DBFD68DA99" blockId="127.[189,1398,1588,1688]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<materialsCitation id="B782A83EFFE6FFACA7FAF9DBFD68DA99" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3383565648" collectingDate="2014-07-11" collectionCode="ISLA" collectorName="R. L. Ferreira" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.21866" location="Gruta do Padre" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.064438" municipality="Santana" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" specimenCode="ISLA 12777" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FFE6FFACA7FAF9DBFE9ADA4F" box="[234,348,1588,1614]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="7FFDE2F3FFE6FFACA7ADF9B6FEE1DA72" box="[189,295,1625,1651]" name="Brazil" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="11EC69EAFFE6FFACA652F9B7FEB5DA72" box="[322,371,1624,1651]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="C52E6C81FFE6FFACA691F9B7FE0EDA73" box="[385,456,1624,1650]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E7313819FFE6FFACA6C6F9B7FDF0DA73" box="[470,566,1624,1650]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Santana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="0235F4B8FFE6FFACA554F9B7FD3BDA73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F431375FFE6FF53A6F3FCA2FA8BDE59:0235F4B8FFE6FFACA554F9B7FD3BDA73" box="[580,765,1624,1650]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.21866" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.064438" municipality="Santana" name="Gruta do Padre" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" stateProvince="Bahia">Gruta do Padre</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="62DEC4A4FFE6FFACA41AF9B8FC06DA73" box="[778,960,1623,1651]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" precision="1" seconds="07.18" value="-13.21866">13°1307.18″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="62DEC4A4FFE6FFACA4DFF9B8FB56DA72" box="[975,1168,1623,1651]" degrees="44" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" precision="1" seconds="51.98" value="-44.064438">44°0351.98″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="735484A3FFE6FFACA38EF9B7FAF2DA73" box="[1182,1332,1624,1650]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" value="2014-07-11">
<collectingDate id="63107D4BFFE6FFACA38EF9B7FAF2DA73" box="[1182,1332,1624,1650]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" value="2014-07-11">11 Jul. 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="AA1FC7B5FFE6FFACA252F9B6FEDCDA99" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">R.L. Ferreira</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="574C0A18FFE6FFACA64CF991FE2ADA99" box="[348,492,1662,1688]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">ISLA 12777</specimenCode>
[not examined].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FFE6FFACA7FAF92EFB44DB00" blockId="127.[189,1154,1729,1793]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<materialsCitation id="B782A83EFFE6FFACA7FAF92EFB44DB00" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3383565675" collectingDate="2014-07-11" collectionCode="ISLA" collectorName="R. L. Ferreira" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.21866" location="BRAZIL" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.064438" municipality="Santana" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" specimenCode="ISLA 12778" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FFE6FFACA7FAF92EFE9ADADA" bold="true" box="[234,348,1729,1755]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FFE6FFACA7FAF92EFE9ADADA" box="[234,348,1729,1755]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="7FFDE2F3FFE6FFACA7ADF909FEE1DB01" box="[189,295,1766,1792]" name="Brazil" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="11EC69EAFFE6FFACA62FF909FEA8DB00" box="[319,366,1766,1793]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for holotype;
<specimenCode id="574C0A18FFE6FFACA421F909FC06DB01" box="[817,960,1766,1792]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">ISLA 12778</specimenCode>
[not examined].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FFE6FFACA7ADF8C5FE8ADB75" box="[189,373,1834,1908]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="description">
<paragraph id="0755A263FFE6FFACA7ADF8C5FEB3DB45" blockId="127.[189,373,1834,1860]" box="[189,373,1834,1860]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<heading id="5C1D150FFFE6FFACA7ADF8C5FEB3DB45" bold="true" box="[189,373,1834,1860]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FFE6FFACA7ADF8C5FEB3DB45" bold="true" box="[189,373,1834,1860]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Measurements</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FFE6FFACA7ADF8B5FE8ADB75" blockId="127.[189,332,1882,1908]" box="[189,332,1882,1908]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
See
<tableCitation id="4A6897D8FFE6FFACA7FEF8B5FE8EDB75" box="[238,328,1882,1908]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="89.[181,251,552,581]" captionTargetBox="[185,1925,631,1740]" captionTargetId="graphics-20@89.[181,1932,659,1753]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Table 4 (continued on next five pages). Measurements of all eastern South American species of Charinus Simon, 1892." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5395F2EBFFC0FF8AA7A5FDC7F9F2DE45" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" tableUuid="5395F2EBFFC0FF8AA7A5FDC7F9F2DE45">Table 4</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FFE6FFACA7ADF871FC30DBE9" box="[189,1014,1950,2025]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0755A263FFE6FFACA7ADF871FEE9DBB9" blockId="127.[189,303,1950,1976]" box="[189,303,1950,1976]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<heading id="5C1D150FFFE6FFACA7ADF871FEE9DBB9" bold="true" box="[189,303,1950,1976]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FFE6FFACA7ADF871FEE9DBB9" bold="true" box="[189,303,1950,1976]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FFE6FFACA7ADF821FC30DBE9" blockId="127.[189,1014,1998,2025]" box="[189,1014,1998,2025]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
See
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FFE6FFACA7FEF821FD91DBE9" author="Vasconcelos A. C. O. &amp; Ferreira R. L." box="[238,599,1998,2024]" firstAuthor="Vasconcelos" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="277 - 292" part="4312" refId="ref155073" refString="Vasconcelos A. C. O. &amp; Ferreira R. L. 2017. Two new species of cave-dwelling Charinus Simon, 1892 from Brazil (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae). Zootaxa 4312: 277 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4312.2.4" title="Two new species of cave-dwelling Charinus Simon, 1892 from Brazil (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Vasconcelos &amp; Ferreira (2017)</bibRefCitation>
for more details about this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF19FF53A7ADFEE7FD9FDD53" box="[189,601,264,339]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF19FF53A7ADFEE7FE90DD23" blockId="128.[189,342,264,290]" box="[189,342,264,290]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<heading id="5C1D150FFF19FF53A7ADFEE7FE90DD23" bold="true" box="[189,342,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF19FF53A7ADFEE7FE90DD23" bold="true" box="[189,342,264,290]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF19FF53A7ADFED6FD9FDD53" blockId="128.[189,601,312,339]" box="[189,601,312,339]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF19FF53A6D2FED6FE33DD52" box="[450,501,313,339]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF19FF53A7ADFE94FA8BDE59" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF19FF53A7ADFE94FEB8DD94" blockId="128.[189,382,379,405]" box="[189,382,379,405]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<heading id="5C1D150FFF19FF53A7ADFE94FEB8DD94" bold="true" box="[189,382,379,405]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF19FF53A7ADFE94FEB8DD94" bold="true" box="[189,382,379,405]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Natural history</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF19FF53A7ADFE44FA8BDE59" blockId="128.[189,1400,427,600]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
Gruta do Padre Cave is one of the largest and best preserved caves in
<collectingCountry id="7FFDE2F3FF19FF53A4FAFE44FBF3DDC4" box="[1002,1077,427,453]" name="Brazil" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. The cave has three distinct levels and a river at the lowest level. The
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF19FF53A5A8FE3FFD2DDDEB" box="[696,747,464,490]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF19FF53A48BFE3FFB8FDDEB" authorityName="Vasconcelos &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[923,1097,464,490]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Charinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santanensis">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF19FF53A48BFE3FFB8FDDEB" box="[923,1097,464,490]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">C. santanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected in a large chamber in the upper level, some
<quantity id="C0120F86FF19FF53A55DFE1BFD51DE0E" box="[589,663,500,527]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
from the entrance, on rock blocks covered by a shallow, moist layer of mud. Due to their proximity to the entrance of the cave and the lack of any troglomorphic characters,
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF19FF53A653FDD1FE28DE56" authorityName="Vasconcelos &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[323,494,574,600]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Charinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santanensis">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF19FF53A653FDD1FE28DE56" box="[323,494,574,600]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">C. santanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be troglophilic, not troglobitic (
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF19FF53A4F5FDD1FA87DE59" author="Vasconcelos A. C. O. &amp; Ferreira R. L." box="[997,1345,574,600]" firstAuthor="Vasconcelos" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="277 - 292" part="4312" refId="ref155073" refString="Vasconcelos A. C. O. &amp; Ferreira R. L. 2017. Two new species of cave-dwelling Charinus Simon, 1892 from Brazil (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae). Zootaxa 4312: 277 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4312.2.4" title="Two new species of cave-dwelling Charinus Simon, 1892 from Brazil (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Vasconcelos &amp; Ferreira 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>