778 lines
88 KiB
XML
778 lines
88 KiB
XML
<document id="FF50D29B6B4C7E2467E96CF8B351CBC3" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4216.2.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="37365" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.230717" ID-GBIF-Dataset="46b2f9e5-25e0-4b56-8b37-49cdb3fa6f52" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230717" ID-ZooBank="0FDBC050-43F2-49D2-B53E-B0C72C5C21DA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1483601046320" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mitio, Shimbori Eduardo, Souza, Souza-Gessner Carolina Da Silva, Maria, Penteado-Dias Angelica & Richard, Shaw Scott" docDate="2017" docId="03EB37175B7A112E7E98DAA5C44079E2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4216.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4216 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andesipolis Whitfield and Choi 2004" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="110" masterDocId="FFD24F6F5B7E11277E0FDE09C00A7E0B" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Andesipolis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Mesostoinae) and redefinition of the subfamily Mesostoinae" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="105" updateTime="1698435360523" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0D4D3F9A064888955A6DD52B75E52B76">
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<mods:title id="AB0411FFAE185751103C9CA83F0677DA">A revision of the genus Andesipolis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Mesostoinae) and redefinition of the subfamily Mesostoinae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="51017DB84030E922A130A19751C2C6E6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A61209BFF54B87BD6ABD4B61422CB705">Mitio, Shimbori Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="420C17C181BBB2B3342D763A7C5FFCED">Souza, Souza-Gessner Carolina Da Silva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F0CA96924A538229E3BB690F7C4D41D0">Maria, Penteado-Dias Angelica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E4421A759911F8A935F21A01B6926059">Richard, Shaw Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DCFE80F1F8E3FCFBC1B9854434A8950E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A1FB84A7AD03598E9B79215E7BD8739F">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3EF54BABFCBA20AD0AE126DF3949321F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C19EE19611BAA6E51B087EAF70A3657A">4216</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EB37175B7A112E7E98DAA5C44079E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3511553" ID-GBIF-Taxon="126093330" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3511553" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB37175B7A112E7E98DAA5C44079E2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB37175B7A112E7E98DAA5C44079E2" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
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<subSubSection id="C358D58A5B7A11237E98DAA5C2577ACD" box="[151,605,1196,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFD86015B7A11237E98DAA5C2577ACD" blockId="4.[151,605,1196,1222]" box="[151,605,1196,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
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<heading id="D0B5316D5B7A11237E98DAA5C2577ACD" bold="true" box="[151,605,1196,1222]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7A11237E98DAA5C2577ACD" ID-CoL="VQ9" ID-ENA="322237" authority="Whitfield and Choi 2004" authorityName="Whitfield and Choi" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,605,1196,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237E98DAA5C2577ACD" bold="true" box="[151,605,1196,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237E98DAA5C1297ACD" bold="true" box="[151,291,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Andesipolis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B7A11237F25DAA5C2577ACD" author="Whitfield" box="[298,605,1196,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" refString="Whitfield, J. B., Choi, W. Y. & Suh, K. I. (2004) Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 438, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2004">Whitfield and Choi 2004</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C358D58A5B7A11237E98DAFBC20B7B03" box="[151,513,1266,1288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFD86015B7A11237E98DAFBC20B7B03" blockId="4.[151,635,1266,1319]" box="[151,513,1266,1288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB52A12F5B7A11237E98DAFBC20B7B03" box="[151,513,1266,1288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7A11237E98DAFBC20B7B03" ID-CoL="VQ9" authority="Whitfield et al. 2004: 3" authorityName="Whitfield et al." authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,513,1266,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237E98DAFBC1077B03" box="[151,269,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Andesipolis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE3A0105B7A11237F1CDAFBC20B7B03" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273438" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6273438" author="Whitfield" box="[275,513,1266,1288]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C487DAFF8DFF88FEB1FEDF2045FC16" page="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B7A11237F1CDAFBC1E07B03" author="Whitfield" box="[275,490,1266,1288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" refString="Whitfield, J. B., Choi, W. Y. & Suh, K. I. (2004) Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 438, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2004">
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Whitfield
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237F74DAFAC1A47B03" box="[379,430,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 3
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C358D58A5B7A11237E98DB1BC2717B2C" box="[151,635,1297,1319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFD86015B7A11237E98DB1BC2717B2C" blockId="4.[151,635,1266,1319]" box="[151,635,1297,1319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
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Type species
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<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7A11237F10DB18C2717B2C" authority="Choi and Suh." authorityName="Choi and Suh." box="[287,635,1297,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masoni">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237F10DB18C1EE7B2C" box="[287,484,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Andesipolis masoni</emphasis>
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Choi and Suh.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C358D58A5B7A11237E98DB5DC4067934" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFD86015B7A11237E98DB5DC4067934" blockId="4.[151,1437,1364,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237E98DB5DC11B7B66" bold="true" box="[151,273,1364,1389]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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In addition to the diagnostic characters cited by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B7A11237D3EDB5DC4277B67" box="[817,1069,1364,1389]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" refString="Whitfield, J. B., Choi, W. Y. & Suh, K. I. (2004) Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 438, 1 - 15." type="journal article">
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Whitfield
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237DACDB5CC3D17B67" box="[931,987,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
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(2004)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237A32DB5CC46F7B67" box="[1085,1125,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">e.g.</emphasis>
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presence of vein 2a on fore wing; propodeum with cross bridge dividing areola, rarely areola completely absent; presence of midpit on mesoscutum), several other characters are useful to distinguish
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<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7A11237D9FDB95C4197BBF" box="[912,1043,1436,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237D9FDB95C4197BBF" box="[912,1043,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Andesipolis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, especially when compared with
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<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7A11237E98DBC9C1067BD3" box="[151,268,1472,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhysipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237E98DBC9C1067BD3" box="[151,268,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Rhysipolis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The pronotum of
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<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7A11237FE3DBC9C2657BD3" box="[492,623,1472,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237FE3DBC9C2657BD3" box="[492,623,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Andesipolis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a transverse carina dorsally, dividing the notum in two parts, the anterior part frequently at lower level than posterior part, crenulate and/or with mid-longitudinal carina. Hypostomal carina very weak or absent (hardly visible even under scanning electron microscope), and occipital carina always complete and meeting the base of mandibles. Epicnemial carina incomplete ventrally, present at least laterally and frequently extending ventrally; in most species the epicnemial carina ends in a curve ventrally. Propodeum relatively short, always shorter than petiole. Veins (RS+M)b and r-m spectral. Metasoma beyond petiole varies from membranose to evenly weakly sclerotized. Head and mesoscutum smooth and polished; propodeum, metapleuron and petiole variable: smooth to rugose, polished to finely and irregularly strigulate (similar to a very fine fingerprint-like sculpturing, not visible under light microscope but the reflection is clearly distinct from a polished surface). Hind tibial spurs short, less than 1/3 length of basitarsus. Spiracles of TII and TIII clearly on laterotergites. Ovipositor sheaths covered with long and dense setae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C358D58A5B7A11237EC8D945C5967983" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BFD86015B7A11237EC8D945C5967983" blockId="4.[151,1437,1364,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237EC8D945C12D796E" bold="true" box="[199,295,1868,1893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Biology.</emphasis>
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One species is known to be a gregarious koinobiont parasitoid of shelter-building
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<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7A11237B3DD945C13A7983" authority="(Lepidoptera)" baseAuthorityName="Lepidoptera" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae (Lepidoptera)</taxonomicName>
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feeding on leaves of
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<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7A11237C10D979C2D87983" box="[543,722,1904,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Fulgoridae" genus="Phenax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosus">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237C10D979C2D87983" box="[543,722,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Phenax rugosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7A11237D07D979C4637983" box="[776,1129,1903,1928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Boehmeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bullata">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237D07D979C3D27983" box="[776,984,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Boehmeria bullata</emphasis>
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(Urticaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B7A11237A78D966C59B7983" author="Townsend" box="[1143,1425,1903,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" refString="Townsend, A. & Shaw, S. R. (2009) A new species of Andesipolis Whitfield & Choi from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with notes on biology and classification (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rhysipolinae). Journal of Insect Science, 9 (36), 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2009">Townsend & Shaw 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C358D58A5B7A11237EC8D99DC0EA79FF" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BFD86015B7A11237EC8D99DC0EA79FF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1364,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237EC8D99DC14479A6" bold="true" box="[199,334,1940,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The genus was named for its distribution, originally thought to be restricted to the Andes mountain chain (
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237F5AD9B1C1A979DB" box="[341,419,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Andes-</emphasis>
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), and the morphological resemblance with the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7A11237DF1D9B1C47979DB" box="[1022,1139,1976,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhysipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237DF1D9B1C47979DB" box="[1022,1139,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Rhysipolis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(-
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237A82D9B1C4DC79DB" box="[1165,1238,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">sipolis</emphasis>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B7A11237AE0D9B1C0DE79FF" author="Whitfield" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" refString="Whitfield, J. B., Choi, W. Y. & Suh, K. I. (2004) Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 438, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2004">
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Whitfield
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7A11237B6CD9B0C59679DB" box="[1379,1436,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF3DD6895B7B11227E98DB6AC39B7B72" box="[151,913,1379,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
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<paragraph id="8BFD86015B7B11227E98DB6AC39B7B72" blockId="5.[151,913,1379,1401]" box="[151,913,1379,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227E98DB6AC1197B73" bold="true" box="[151,275,1379,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Distribution map for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227C55DB6AC39B7B72" authority="Whitfield & Choi." authorityName="Whitfield & Choi." box="[602,913,1379,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227C55DB6AC2DA7B72" box="[602,720,1379,1401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
Whitfield & Choi.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C358D58A5B7B11217EC8DBA9C1427CFB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD86015B7B11227EC8DBA9C5637866" blockId="5.[151,1437,1440,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227EC8DBA9C1467BB2" bold="true" box="[199,332,1440,1465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
With the newly described species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227D1EDBA9C39E7BB3" box="[785,916,1440,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227D1EDBA9C39E7BB3" box="[785,916,1440,1464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
becomes the most speciose genus in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227E98DBCDC12D7BD6" box="[151,295,1476,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostoinae">Mesostoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with 26 described species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227C6FDBCDC3047BD7" box="[608,782,1476,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Hydrangeocola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227C6FDBCDC3047BD7" box="[608,782,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Hydrangeocola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the second with 11 species, but apparently with a much more restricted distribution. An ongoing review of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227CDFDBE1C368780B" box="[720,866,1512,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aspilodemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227CDFDBE1C368780B" box="[720,866,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Aspilodemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is showing that this genus might be as species-rich as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227EB6D805C136782F" box="[185,316,1548,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227EB6D805C136782F" box="[185,316,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the other hand, all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227CABD805C33B782E" box="[676,817,1548,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostoinae">Mesostoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring in Australian region have no more than a handful of species described, although many more genera (three in South America
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227A5ED838C47A7843" box="[1105,1136,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA2BE45B7B11227A76D839C4BE7842" box="[1145,1204,1584,1609]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
Australian Region). Whether this is a result of biological processes or of the arbitrariness of the taxonomic treatments is uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD86015B7B11217EC8D871C1427CFB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1440,2005]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Some features of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227FBAD871C232789B" box="[437,568,1656,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227FBAD871C232789B" box="[437,568,1656,1680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species surveyed in this work have proven helpful for comparison with other mesostoine genera. The state of occipital and hypostomal carinae, as discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B7B11227A3CD895C55678BF" author="Townsend" box="[1075,1372,1692,1717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" refString="Townsend, A. & Shaw, S. R. (2009) A new species of Andesipolis Whitfield & Choi from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with notes on biology and classification (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rhysipolinae). Journal of Insect Science, 9 (36), 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2009">Townsend & Shaw (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is an important character to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227C3ED8C9C2CF78D2" box="[561,709,1728,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhysipolinae">Rhysipolinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227D51D8C9C3DC78D2" box="[862,982,1728,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hormiinae">Hormiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227DECD8C9C40F78D3" box="[995,1029,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">s.l.</emphasis>
|
||
(Wharton 1997). As observed by Whitfield
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227F05D8EDC14978F7" box="[266,323,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">el al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004), the hypostomal carina is weak or completely absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227A1ED8EDC49E78F7" box="[1041,1172,1764,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227A1ED8EDC49E78F7" box="[1041,1172,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13799A845B7B11227ADFD8EDC54278F7" box="[1232,1352,1764,1789]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 13" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,805,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,805,1844]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 13. Pronotum, dorsal. 2, Andesipolis atlanticus sp. n.; 3, Andesipolis brasiliensis sp. n.; 4, Andesipolis flamengo sp. n.; 5, Andesipolis soaresi sp. n.; 6, Andesipolis longicollis sp. n.; 7, Andesipolis monteiroi sp. n.; 8, Andesipolis masneri sp. n.; 9, Andesipolis chilensis sp. n.; 10, Andesipolis pseudoscapus sp. n.; 11, Andesipolis supernus sp. n.; 12, Andesipolis brevisulcus sp. n.; 13, Andesipolis whitfieldi sp. n." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230718/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Figures 12</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA2BE45B7B11227B8FD8EDC0A7792A" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" unit="in" value="23.0">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13799A845B7B11227B8FD8EDC59678F7" box="[1408,1436,1764,1788]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 25" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1258,1281]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1237]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[340,1247,193,1237]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 25. Propodeum: 14, Andesipolis atlanticus sp. n.; 15, Andesipolis brasiliensis sp. n.; 16, Andesipolis itatiaia sp. n.; 17, Andesipolis flamengo sp. n.; 18, Andesipolis longicollis sp. n.; 19, Andesipolis monteiroi sp. n.; 20, Andesipolis cacildis sp. n.; 21, Andesipolis bicolor sp. n.; 22, Andesipolis belshawi sp. n.; 23, Andesipolis ona sp. n.; 24, Andesipolis masneri sp. n.; 25, Andesipolis supernus sp. n." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230719/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">23</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B7B11227EBBD901C1A6792B" author="Whitfield" box="[180,428,1800,1825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" refString="Whitfield, J. B., Choi, W. Y. & Suh, K. I. (2004) Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 438, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Whitfield
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227F27D900C162792B" box="[296,360,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a condition also found in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227D03D901C393792A" box="[780,921,1800,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostoinae">Mesostoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227DADD900C3CF792B" box="[930,965,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">s.s.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B7B11227DDAD901C518792B" author="Quicke" box="[981,1298,1800,1825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" refString="Quicke, D. L. J. & Huddleston, T. (1989) The Australian braconid wasp subfamily Mesostoinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with the description of a new species of Mesostoa. Journal of Natural History, 23, 1309 - 1317. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938900770691" type="journal article" year="1989">Quicke & Huddleston 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, this is another argument in favor of a closest relation with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227D51D925C3E1794E" box="[862,1003,1836,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostoinae">Mesostoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227A8DD925C513794E" box="[1154,1305,1836,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhysipolinae">Rhysipolinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where the hypostomal carina is well defined and close but clearly separated from occipital carina ventrally. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227AFFD959C5797963" box="[1264,1395,1872,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227AFFD959C5797963" box="[1264,1395,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the spiracles of the TII and TIII are positioned on the laterotergites. This is another important feature defining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227E98D991C12E79BA" box="[151,292,1944,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostoinae">Mesostoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227F24D990C14479BB" box="[299,334,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">s.s.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227F8BD991C20179BA" box="[388,523,1944,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhyssalinae">Rhyssalinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B7B11227C16D991C35B79BB" author="Quicke" box="[537,849,1944,1969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" refString="Quicke, D. L. J. & Huddleston, T. (1989) The Australian braconid wasp subfamily Mesostoinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with the description of a new species of Mesostoa. Journal of Natural History, 23, 1309 - 1317. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938900770691" type="journal article" year="1989">Quicke & Huddleston 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B7B11227D53D991C40B79BB" author="Wharton" box="[860,1025,1944,1969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" refString="Wharton, R. A. (1993) Review of the Hormiini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with a description of new taxa. Journal of Natural History, 27, 107 - 171. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939300770061" type="journal article" year="1993">Wharton 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). One of the newly described species has the dorso-ventrally compressed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227C25D9B4C2AA79DF" box="[554,672,1981,2004]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">mesosoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7B11227CE3D9B4C35D79DF" box="[748,855,1981,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mesostoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7B11227CE3D9B4C35D79DF" box="[748,855,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Mesostoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and also the mesoscutum projected anteriorly over the pronotum, considered a diagnostic character for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217CD2DE9EC3607EBB" box="[733,874,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostoinae">Mesostoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B7811217D9BDE9EC4D77EBB" author="Quicke" box="[916,1245,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" refString="Quicke, D. L. J. & Huddleston, T. (1989) The Australian braconid wasp subfamily Mesostoinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with the description of a new species of Mesostoa. Journal of Natural History, 23, 1309 - 1317. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938900770691" type="journal article" year="1989">Quicke & Huddleston (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but not found in the South American species until now (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217C5ADEB4C3187EDF" box="[597,786,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217C8FDEB5C3187EDF" box="[640,786,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aspilodemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspilodemon</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217D45DEB5C3F27EDF" box="[842,1016,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Hydrangeocola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217D45DEB5C3F27EDF" box="[842,1016,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Hydrangeocola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217A20DEB5C4B87EDF" box="[1071,1202,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217A20DEB5C4B87EDF" box="[1071,1202,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the labial palpi is 3- segmented as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217F78DEE9C2037EF3" box="[375,521,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aspilodemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217F78DEE9C2037EF3" box="[375,521,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Aspilodemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217C56DEE9C30D7EF3" box="[601,775,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Hydrangeocola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217C56DEE9C30D7EF3" box="[601,775,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Hydrangeocola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These two genera also present the fingerprint-like microsculpturing in some species (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217C14DF0CC24E7F17" box="[539,580,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
with the right light incidence, reflection reveals a microsculpturing covering most of body, except metasoma beyond TI; it can be characterized only under Scanning Electron Microscope), providing a mat aspect to the body surface as seen in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217D52DF45C3EA7F6F" box="[861,992,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217D52DF45C3EA7F6F" box="[861,992,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The relatively long pronotum with a distinct transverse carina, seen in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217C14DF79C2AE7F83" box="[539,676,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217C14DF79C2AA7F83" box="[539,672,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Andesipolis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is identical to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217DAADF79C4377F83" box="[933,1085,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neptihormius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217DAADF79C4377F83" box="[933,1085,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Neptihormius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only other genera sharing this
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F938A35B7811217EC9DF9CC0FC7FA6" box="[198,246,405,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of pronotum within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217FD1DF9DC2657FA6" box="[478,623,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostoinae">Mesostoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217C75DF9DC3187FA7" box="[634,786,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neptihormius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217C75DF9DC3187FA7" box="[634,786,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Neptihormius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217DA9DF9DC4237FA7" box="[934,1065,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217DA9DF9DC4237FA7" box="[934,1065,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a complete epicnemial carina (a plastic character within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217C10DFBEC2A57FDB" box="[543,687,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostoinae">Mesostoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, varying from completely absent to complete, although a carina interrupted ventrally seems to be the plesiomorphic common state), and vein 2a absent. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217AB6DFD4C52F7FFF" box="[1209,1317,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Hormiitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217AB6DFD4C52F7FFF" box="[1209,1317,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Hormiitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these two characters have the same state as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217C69DC09C2E37C13" box="[614,745,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217C69DC09C2E37C13" box="[614,745,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the short pronotum covered dorsally by protruding mesoscutum is of a typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217FD6DC2DC26C7C36" box="[473,614,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostoinae">Mesostoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217C7EDC2CC29F7C37" box="[625,661,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">s.s.</emphasis>
|
||
The midpit and short notauli, more or less directed to the mid pit posteriorly, are present in all genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217C6DDC4EC2E57C6B" box="[610,751,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostoinae">Mesostoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mesostoini, Hydrangeocolini, Austrohormiini and Avgini) distributed in Austral lands (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217FEFDC64C2097C8F" box="[480,515,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
Australasia and South America). The notauli short and directed to a midpit is a putative synapomorphy for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217FDEDC86C26B7CA3" box="[465,609,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostoinae">Mesostoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as the weak or absent hypostomal carina. The lateral position of the spiracles on TII and TIII is also a diagnostic character, although possibly a plesiomorphic one (see discussion in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B7811217E98DCDEC1367CFB" author="Wharton" box="[151,316,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" refString="Wharton, R. A. (1993) Review of the Hormiini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with a description of new taxa. Journal of Natural History, 27, 107 - 171. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939300770061" type="journal article" year="1993">Wharton 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3DD6895B7811217E98D940C29D79B0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230718/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" targetBox="[340,1247,805,1844]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD86015B7811217E98D940C29D79B0" blockId="6.[151,1436,1865,1980]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217E98D940C14D7954" bold="true" box="[151,327,1865,1888]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">FIGURES 2–13.</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum, dorsal. 2,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217C2DD943C309796B" box="[546,771,1866,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlanticus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217C2DD943C309796B" box="[546,771,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217D06D943C3487954" bold="true" box="[777,834,1866,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7811217D06D943C3487954" box="[777,834,1866,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 3,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217D66D943C451796B" box="[873,1115,1866,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217D66D943C451796B" box="[873,1115,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217A6ED943C4907954" bold="true" box="[1121,1178,1866,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7811217A6ED943C4907954" box="[1121,1178,1866,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 4,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217ACED943C596796B" box="[1217,1436,1866,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flamengo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217ACED943C596796B" box="[1217,1436,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis flamengo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217E98D960C0C57975" bold="true" box="[151,207,1897,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7811217E98D960C0C57975" box="[151,207,1897,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 5,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217EFAD961C1B37975" box="[245,441,1896,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soaresi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217EFAD961C1B37975" box="[245,441,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis soaresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217FB0D960C1F27975" bold="true" box="[447,504,1897,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7811217FB0D960C1F27975" box="[447,504,1897,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 6,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217C12D961C30F7975" box="[541,773,1896,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicollis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217C12D961C30F7975" box="[541,773,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis longicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217D05D960C3497975" bold="true" box="[778,835,1897,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7811217D05D960C3497975" box="[778,835,1897,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 7,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217D67D961C44C7975" box="[872,1094,1896,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monteiroi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217D67D961C44C7975" box="[872,1094,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis monteiroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217A43D960C48E7975" bold="true" box="[1100,1156,1897,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7811217A43D960C48E7975" box="[1100,1156,1897,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 8,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217AA5D961C5727975" box="[1194,1400,1896,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masneri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217AA5D961C5727975" box="[1194,1400,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis masneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217B72D960C0A17997" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7811217B72D960C0A17997" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 9,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217ED5D98EC1BE7996" box="[218,436,1927,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217ED5D98EC1BE7996" box="[218,436,1927,1949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217FB1D98EC1F17997" bold="true" box="[446,507,1927,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7811217FB1D98EC1F17997" box="[446,507,1927,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 10,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217C38D98EC34E7996" box="[567,836,1927,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoscapus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217C38D98EC34E7996" box="[567,836,1927,1949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis pseudoscapus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217D41D98EC3867997" bold="true" box="[846,908,1927,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7811217D41D98EC3867997" box="[846,908,1927,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 11,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217DC9D98EC4A97996" box="[966,1187,1927,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="supernus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217DC9D98EC4A97996" box="[966,1187,1927,1949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis supernus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217AA2D98EC4E07997" bold="true" box="[1197,1258,1927,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7811217AA2D98EC4E07997" box="[1197,1258,1927,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 12,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217B29D98EC10079B7" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevisulcus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217B29D98EC10079B7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis brevisulcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217F00D9AFC14279B0" bold="true" box="[271,328,1958,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7811217F00D9AFC14279B0" box="[271,328,1958,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 13,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7811217F73D9AFC25279B7" box="[380,600,1958,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitfieldi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7811217F73D9AFC25279B7" box="[380,600,1958,1980]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Andesipolis whitfieldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7811217C51D9AFC29D79B0" box="[606,663,1958,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3DD6895B7911207E98DAE3C1FF7B57" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230719/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" targetBox="[340,1247,193,1237]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD86015B7911207E98DAE3C1FF7B57" blockId="7.[151,1436,1258,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207E98DAE3C1597B0B" bold="true" box="[151,339,1258,1281]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">FIGURES 14–25.</emphasis>
|
||
Propodeum: 14,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207C0FDAE2C2EA7B0A" box="[512,736,1259,1281]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlanticus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207C0FDAE2C2EA7B0A" box="[512,736,1259,1281]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207CE9DAE2C3147B0B" bold="true" box="[742,798,1259,1280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7911207CE9DAE2C3147B0B" box="[742,798,1259,1280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 15,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207D5EDAE2C4487B0A" box="[849,1090,1259,1281]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207D5EDAE2C4487B0A" box="[849,1090,1259,1281]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207A48DAE2C48A7B0B" bold="true" box="[1095,1152,1259,1280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7911207A48DAE2C48A7B0B" box="[1095,1152,1259,1280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 16,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207ABCDAE2C5727B0A" box="[1203,1400,1259,1281]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiaia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207ABCDAE2C5727B0A" box="[1203,1400,1259,1281]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis itatiaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207B72DAE2C0A17B14" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7911207B72DAE2C0A17B14" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 17,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207ED1DB03C1B27B2B" box="[222,440,1290,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flamengo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207ED1DB03C1B27B2B" box="[222,440,1290,1312]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis flamengo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207FB1DB03C1FC7B14" bold="true" box="[446,502,1290,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7911207FB1DB03C1FC7B14" box="[446,502,1290,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 18,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207C25DB03C31B7B2B" box="[554,785,1290,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicollis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207C25DB03C31B7B2B" box="[554,785,1290,1312]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis longicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207D18DB03C3457B14" bold="true" box="[791,847,1290,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7911207D18DB03C3457B14" box="[791,847,1290,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 19,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207D8DDB03C46A7B2B" box="[898,1120,1290,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monteiroi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207D8DDB03C46A7B2B" box="[898,1120,1290,1312]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis monteiroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207A6ADB03C4947B14" bold="true" box="[1125,1182,1290,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7911207A6ADB03C4947B14" box="[1125,1182,1290,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 20,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207ADEDB03C5967B2B" box="[1233,1436,1290,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacildis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207ADEDB03C5967B2B" box="[1233,1436,1290,1312]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis cacildis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207E98DB21C0DB7B36" bold="true" box="[151,209,1320,1341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7911207E98DB21C0DB7B36" box="[151,209,1320,1341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 21,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207F0ADB21C1C67B35" box="[261,460,1320,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207F0ADB21C1C67B35" box="[261,460,1320,1342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207FDCDB21C2077B36" bold="true" box="[467,525,1320,1341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7911207FDCDB21C2077B36" box="[467,525,1320,1341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 22,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207C4DDB21C3137B35" box="[578,793,1320,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belshawi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207C4DDB21C3137B35" box="[578,793,1320,1342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis belshawi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207D2FDB21C3507B36" bold="true" box="[800,858,1320,1341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7911207D2FDB21C3507B36" box="[800,858,1320,1341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 23,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207D80DB21C4387B35" box="[911,1074,1320,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ona" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207D80DB21C4387B35" box="[911,1074,1320,1342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis ona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207A36DB21C4797B36" bold="true" box="[1081,1139,1320,1341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7911207A36DB21C4797B36" box="[1081,1139,1320,1341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 24,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207AA7DB21C57D7B35" box="[1192,1399,1320,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masneri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207AA7DB21C57D7B35" box="[1192,1399,1320,1342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis masneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207B72DB21C0A17B57" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7911207B72DB21C0A17B57" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 25,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207ED1DB4EC1BD7B56" box="[222,439,1351,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="supernus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207ED1DB4EC1BD7B56" box="[222,439,1351,1373]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis supernus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B7911207FB3DB4EC1FF7B57" box="[444,501,1351,1372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C358D58A5B79112E7EC8DB8DC44079E2" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD86015B7911207EC8DB8DC12E799E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1412,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207EC8DB8DC1537B96" bold="true" box="[199,345,1412,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13799A845B7911207F64DB8DC1A47B96" box="[363,430,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1379,1401]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map for species of Andesipolis Whitfield & Choi." pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The genus was recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B7911207D26DB8DC3917B96" box="[809,923,1412,1437]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B7911207DA6DB8DC3FA7B96" box="[937,1008,1412,1437]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B7911207DF2DB8DC4377B96" box="[1021,1085,1412,1437]" name="Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B7911207A45DB8DC4B17B96" box="[1098,1211,1412,1437]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B7911207AC6DB8DC52C7B96" box="[1225,1318,1412,1437]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B7911207B6DDB8CC5927B97" box="[1378,1432,1413,1436]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, although the single specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B7911207C24DBA0C2547BCB" box="[555,606,1449,1472]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
could not be identified or described due to its relatively poor condition. The species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207F45DBC5C1C77BEF" box="[330,461,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207F45DBC5C1C77BEF" box="[330,461,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are only known from South America, at high latitude and/or altitude. In the higher latitudes the species are found close to sea level, while in low latitudes the elevation is increasingly higher. The southernmost record, in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498648E35B7911207FCED81DC2867826" box="[449,652,1556,1581]" country="Argentina" name="Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Tierra del Fuego</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B7911207CABD81DC3137826" box="[676,793,1556,1581]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
), is at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE76E0C65B7911207D74D81DC3D97826" box="[891,979,1556,1581]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" precision="925" value="-54.6">54°36'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and 60–200 meters above sea level. Nevertheless, some species are found close to sea level in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B7911207D53D831C391785A" box="[860,923,1592,1617]" name="Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE76E0C65B7911207DC2D830C422785A" box="[973,1064,1593,1617]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" precision="925" value="-38.783333">38°47'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. The northernmost record is in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B7911207E98D855C102787E" box="[151,264,1628,1653]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE76E0C65B7911207F3ED855C18E787E" box="[305,388,1628,1653]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" precision="925" value="5.4166665">5°25’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and 3,380 meters above sea level. The highest location is also in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B7911207A7FD855C4EB787E" box="[1136,1249,1628,1653]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at 3,880 meters and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE76E0C65B7911207EC9D888C1167892" box="[198,284,1665,1689]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" precision="925" value="4.5166664">4°31’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. All the previously cited records are from the western coast of South America, most of them occurring along the Andes mountain chain. However, the Atlantic mountain chains of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B7911207DE5D8ADC43B78B6" box="[1002,1073,1700,1725]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the eastern coast, also have a considerable diversity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207FCBD8C1C24D78EB" box="[452,583,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207FCBD8C1C24D78EB" box="[452,583,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The Brazilian mountain chains are characterized by medium elevation (rarely higher than 2,000 meters) and mostly covered by subtropical wet forest with high altitude fields close to mountaintops, and usually above 2,000 meters of elevation. The distribution of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207A9DD919C51F7923" box="[1170,1301,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207A9DD919C51F7923" box="[1170,1301,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is therefore characterized by mild elevation and mild latitude ranges in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B7911207D20D93DC3797946" box="[815,883,1844,1869]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(about 1,000 to 2,200 meters above sea level and 20–26°S), but in the southernmost records, at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE76E0C65B7911207CB6D950C32B797A" box="[697,801,1880,1905]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" precision="925" value="-26.316668">S 26°19’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE76E0C65B7911207D6FD950C3C2797A" box="[864,968,1880,1905]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" precision="925" value="-24.266666">S 24°16’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
the elevations are 650 and 850 meters, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD86015B79112F7EC8D9A9C46D7F6F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1412,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
The distribution of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B7911207FA6D9A9C23879B3" box="[425,562,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207FA6D9A9C22479B3" box="[425,558,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Andesipolis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the results of all phylogenetic studies that include the genus, are good evidence of biogeographic processes, and corroborate the theory of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B7911207D93D9CDC42379D6" box="[924,1065,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostoinae">Mesostoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a Gondwanan clade, sister of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7E98DE9EC11D7EBB" box="[151,279,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aphidiinae">Aphidiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which, unlike its sister group (Schlinger 1974;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B76112F7D20DE9EC41B7EBB" author="Belshaw" box="[815,1041,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" refString="Belshaw, R., Dowton, M., Quicke, D. L. J. & Austin, A. D. (2000) Estimating ancestral geographic distributions: a Gondwanan origin for a group of principally north temperate aphid parasitoids. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 267 (1442), 491 - 496. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2000.1027" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Belshaw
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7D99DE90C3C57EBB" box="[918,975,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), remained restricted to the Austral lands. The widely disrupted Austral (South America and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B76112F7D1DDEB5C3727EDE" box="[786,888,188,213]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and surrounding islands) distribution has several parallels in fauna and flora, and has been subject of researchers’ interest for centuries. Some of those have very interesting relation with the history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7C88DF0DC3007F17" box="[647,778,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7C88DF0DC3007F17" box="[647,778,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as the similarly distributed genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7B17DF0DC5967F17" box="[1304,1436,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Podonomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7B17DF0DC5967F17" box="[1304,1436,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Podonomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7E91DF2EC1497F4B" box="[158,323,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7F5EDF2EC1FA7F4B" box="[337,496,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Podonominae">Podonominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), mostly restricted to Southern South America and recently found in inselbergs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B76112F7E98DF45C0D17F6E" box="[151,219,332,357]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B76112F7EE5DF45C1837F6E" author="Brundin" box="[234,393,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" refString="Brundin, L. (1966) Transantarctic relationships and their significance, as evidenced by chironomid midges with a monograph of the subfamilies Podonominae and Aphroteniinae and the austral Heptagyiae. Kunglica Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, 472 p." type="book" year="1966">Brundin 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B76112F7F9ADF44C3027F6F" author="Roque" box="[405,776,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" refString="Roque, F. O. & Trivinho-Strixino, S. (2004) Podonomus pepinellii n. sp., first record of the genus and subfamily from Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae: Podonominae). Zootaxa, 689, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2004">Roque & Trivinho-Strixino 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B76112F7D1BDF45C4517F6F" author="Trivinho-Strixino" box="[788,1115,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" refString="Trivinho-Strixino, S., Pepinelli, M., Siqueira, T. & Roque, F. O. (2012) DNA barcoding of Podonomus (Chironomidae, Podonominae) enables stage association of a named species and reveals hidden diversity in Brazilian inselbergs. Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology, 48, 411 - 423. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 2012032" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Trivinho-Strixino
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7DD0DF44C41D7F6F" box="[991,1047,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3DD6895B76112F7E98DAD4C4727B3A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230720/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" targetBox="[340,1247,423,1209]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD86015B76112F7E98DAD4C4727B3A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1245,1330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7E98DAD4C1517AF8" bold="true" box="[151,347,1245,1268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">FIGURES 26–34.</emphasis>
|
||
First metasomal tergum: 26,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7CA6DAD7C39B7AFF" box="[681,913,1246,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlanticus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7CA6DAD7C39B7AFF" box="[681,913,1246,1268]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Andesipolis atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7D91DAD6C3D57AFF" bold="true" box="[926,991,1247,1268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B76112F7D91DAD6C3D57AFF" box="[926,991,1247,1268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 27,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7A2EDAD7C5107AFF" box="[1057,1306,1246,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7A2EDAD7C5107AFF" box="[1057,1306,1246,1268]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Andesipolis brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7B28DAD6C56D7AFF" bold="true" box="[1319,1383,1247,1268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B76112F7B28DAD6C56D7AFF" box="[1319,1383,1247,1268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 28,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7E98DAF4C1787B18" box="[151,370,1277,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flamengo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7E98DAF4C1787B18" box="[151,370,1277,1299]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Andesipolis flamengo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7F76DAF4C1B87B19" bold="true" box="[377,434,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B76112F7F76DAF4C1B87B19" box="[377,434,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 29,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7FE9DAF4C2C57B18" box="[486,719,1277,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicollis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7FE9DAF4C2C57B18" box="[486,719,1277,1299]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Andesipolis longicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7CDADAF4C3057B19" bold="true" box="[725,783,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B76112F7CDADAF4C3057B19" box="[725,783,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 30,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7D4CDAF4C4037B18" box="[835,1033,1277,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7D4CDAF4C4037B18" box="[835,1033,1277,1299]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Andesipolis bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7A1FDAF4C4437B19" bold="true" box="[1040,1097,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B76112F7A1FDAF4C4437B19" box="[1040,1097,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 31,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7A72DAF4C55E7B18" box="[1149,1364,1277,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belshawi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7A72DAF4C55E7B18" box="[1149,1364,1277,1299]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Andesipolis belshawi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7B54DAF4C59E7B19" bold="true" box="[1371,1428,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B76112F7B54DAF4C59E7B19" box="[1371,1428,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 32,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7EB2DB15C1817B39" box="[189,395,1308,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masneri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7EB2DB15C1817B39" box="[189,395,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Andesipolis masneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7F9EDB15C1C07B3A" bold="true" box="[401,458,1308,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B76112F7F9EDB15C1C07B3A" box="[401,458,1308,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 33,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7FF2DB15C2E17B39" box="[509,747,1308,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nothofagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7FF2DB15C2E17B39" box="[509,747,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Andesipolis nothofagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7CFEDB15C3207B3A" bold="true" box="[753,810,1308,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B76112F7CFEDB15C3207B3A" box="[753,810,1308,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 34,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7D52DB15C4337B39" box="[861,1081,1308,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitfieldi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7D52DB15C4337B39" box="[861,1081,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Andesipolis whitfieldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B76112F7A30DB15C4727B3A" box="[1087,1144,1308,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3DD6895B76112F7E98D971C4637985" box="[151,1129,1912,1935]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230721/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" targetBox="[340,1247,1424,1885]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD86015B76112F7E98D971C4637985" blockId="8.[151,1129,1912,1935]" box="[151,1129,1912,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7E98D971C15E7986" bold="true" box="[151,340,1912,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">FIGURES 35–36.</emphasis>
|
||
Tarsal claws: 35,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7C05D971C2E97984" box="[522,739,1912,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="supernus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7C05D971C2E97984" box="[522,739,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Andesipolis supernus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7CE7D970C32B7985" bold="true" box="[744,801,1913,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B76112F7CE7D970C32B7985" box="[744,801,1913,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 36,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B76112F7D5AD971C4207985" box="[853,1066,1912,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B76112F7D5AD971C4207985" box="[853,1066,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Andesipolis chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B76112F7A3FD970C4637985" box="[1072,1129,1913,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3DD6895B77112E7E98DC42C1157C74" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230722/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" targetBox="[340,1247,177,566]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD86015B77112E7E98DC42C1157C74" blockId="9.[151,1436,587,640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7E98DC42C15F7C6A" bold="true" box="[151,341,587,610]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">FIGURES 37–38.</emphasis>
|
||
Epicnemial carina; arrow indicating ventral end portion: 37,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B77112E7DC3DC45C4A47C69" box="[972,1198,588,610]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlanticus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7DC3DC45C4A47C69" box="[972,1198,588,610]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Andesipolis atlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7ABADC45C4FA7C6A" bold="true" box="[1205,1264,588,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B77112E7ABADC45C4FA7C6A" box="[1205,1264,588,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 38,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B77112E7B29DC45C0EA7C8B" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiaia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7B29DC45C0EA7C8B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Andesipolis itatiaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B77112E7EE9DC63C1157C74" box="[230,287,618,639]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3DD6895B77112E7E98DBC3C2417BF4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230723/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" targetBox="[340,1247,682,1467]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD86015B77112E7E98DBC3C2417BF4" blockId="9.[151,1436,1482,1535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7E98DBC3C15E7BEB" bold="true" box="[151,340,1482,1505]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">FIGURES 39–42.</emphasis>
|
||
Head, dorsal: 39,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B77112E7C02DBC2C2E27BEA" box="[525,744,1483,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flamengo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7C02DBC2C2E27BEA" box="[525,744,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Andesipolis flamengo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7CE0DBC2C3227BEB" bold="true" box="[751,808,1483,1504]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B77112E7CE0DBC2C3227BEB" box="[751,808,1483,1504]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 40,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B77112E7D53DBC2C3F47BEA" box="[860,1022,1483,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ona" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7D53DBC2C3F47BEA" box="[860,1022,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Andesipolis ona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7A0BDBC2C4347BEB" bold="true" box="[1028,1086,1483,1504]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B77112E7A0BDBC2C4347BEB" box="[1028,1086,1483,1504]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head, lateral: 41,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B77112E7AF6DBC2C5967BEA" box="[1273,1436,1483,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ona" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7AF6DBC2C5967BEA" box="[1273,1436,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Andesipolis ona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7E98DBE3C0DA7BF4" bold="true" box="[151,208,1514,1535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B77112E7E98DBE3C0DA7BF4" box="[151,208,1514,1535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 42,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B77112E7F0CDBE0C2067BF4" box="[259,524,1513,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoscapus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7F0CDBE0C2067BF4" box="[259,524,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Andesipolis pseudoscapus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205E7685B77112E7C1CDBE3C2417BF4" box="[531,587,1514,1535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD86015B77112E7EC8D82EC44079E2" blockId="9.[151,1437,1575,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
The high altitude fields, occurring in patches, mostly at mountaintops in Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B77112E7A65D82EC4BB784B" box="[1130,1201,1575,1600]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, are biogeographical relicts, where several Andean and Austral-Antarctic taxonomic groups are present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B77112E7A5FD843C4E17868" author="Safford" box="[1104,1259,1610,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Safford, H. D. (1999) Brazilian Paramos I: An introduction to the physical environment and vegetation of the campos de altitude. Journal of Biogeography, 26 (99), 693 - 712. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2699.1999.00313. x" type="journal article" year="1999">Safford 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As a result of the climatic fluctuations,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7FB3D866C1EF788D" box="[444,485,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
the glaciations during the Quaternary, the floristic composition of these fields are highly endemic, with several taxonomic groups present in other Austral regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B77112E7A3AD898C53D78A1" author="Fiaschi" box="[1077,1335,1681,1706]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Fiaschi, P. & Pirani, J. R. (2009) Review of plant biogeographic studies in Brazil. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 47, 477 - 496. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1759 - 6831.2009.00046. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Fiaschi & Pirani 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3FBF05B77112E7B4CD898C0D978C6" author="Behling" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Behling, H. (1997) Late Quaternary vegetation, climate and fire history from the tropical mountain region of Morro de Itapeva, SE Brazil. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 129, 407 - 422. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0031 - 0182 (97) 88177 - 1" type="journal article" year="1997">Behling 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The history of these areas and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B77112E7C76D8BCC30D78C5" box="[633,775,1717,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostoinae">Mesostoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B77112E7D20D8BCC37978C5" box="[815,883,1717,1742]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
are closely related, particularly for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B77112E7B1DD8BCC59F78C6" box="[1298,1429,1717,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7B1DD8BCC59F78C6" box="[1298,1429,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Andesipolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This genus has been collected and identified in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355C6915B77112E7CA5D8D1C2E478FA" box="[682,750,1752,1777]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
for the first time in 2001, at São Bento do Sul, SC. After this first record, only a couple of specimens in poor conditions were collected in Teresópolis, RJ. The amount of material was increased only after systematic sampling above
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA2BE45B77112E7D47D916C3AE793C" box="[840,932,1823,1847]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
|
||
of elevation at
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B77112E7A5CD916C4AB7933" box="[1107,1185,1823,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiaia" status="sp. nov.">Itatiaia</taxonomicName>
|
||
National Park, as part of projects focused on surveying the fauna of high altitudinal ranges. In our results, we found a strikingly high diversity and endemism in high altitude fields (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9365A135B77112E7CB9D96EC2D37975" box="[694,729,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
at least seven of the 12 Brazilian species are endemic for the fields of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42FD825B77112E7EF2D980C14579A9" box="[253,335,1929,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Andesipolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiaia" status="sp. nov.">Itatiaia</taxonomicName>
|
||
), especially considering the small patchy coverage of this
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F938A35B77112E7DE9D983C41C79A9" box="[998,1046,1930,1954]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of vegetation. How the secondary colonization of other adjacent vegetational
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F938A35B77112E7C76D9A7C2BE79CD" box="[633,692,1966,1990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">types</typeStatus>
|
||
occurred, and which physiological and ecological traits lead to the actual distribution of this genus, are interesting questions remaining to be addressed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |