2118 lines
322 KiB
XML
2118 lines
322 KiB
XML
<document id="25CE6BA06DC8BC8E9F1624EA404B04A8" ID-CLB-Dataset="21207" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ffdfb2b7-ecf7-4eef-a826-cbaeed24bb17" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994811" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598027921682" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Dick, Matthew H. & Grischenko, Andrei V." docDate="2016" docId="03BE87C2D17B5C586346FC4BFC89F957" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.51.3-4.141-266.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Beania cookae Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon 2001" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="182" masterDocId="FF87FFBAD16C5C716215FFFAFF85FFE8" masterDocTitle="Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="164" updateTime="1698845144665" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="86FCE9881A1B53F0D31E7B06AD9E7F0B">
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<mods:title id="0F8C831E9B6DA602E682BBBD252E356E">Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5728C3895D8FA53C01CF7319A8B52624" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="760707F4057CBB91710CF1618BD9C4E0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="31E20F440BFF0770FEB519A472E478E8">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E591086764DF78CB4D6FCC89E8BF505E">Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="E272749DD99442148010E71CFC0E5601" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2FE4464AAD57786341646CDA73334A6A">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="803839614ECB248958FDD413CEF59905">Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Aquatic Ecology, Biological Faculty, Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BB3FEED715EDFAC17DBA1A16FF76750F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4FCCE63B8B968D9544BCEEFA93BF35F4">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DDCDE3CEF26539FE6BEEBA7B49BB748B">
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<mods:date id="48676E878AF3826153FB9D50563DC99F">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="22CB228FCC3A7C18B45D9CA71CF6A34D">2016-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="07FF22F5DA79F430DCF17DD175ABD33A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="132720E538FD49427EE7D0B031DA7F3C">51</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="4D57F192933D97E9E20F9FDE1518E2EA">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D19C3AF62D0474BD072CC0D4D85F6741">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03BE87C2D17B5C586346FC4BFC89F957" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4333668" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167288372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4333668" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D17B5C586346FC4BFC89F957" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87C2D17B5C586346FC4BFC89F957" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">
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<subSubSection id="C30D655FD17B5C666346FC4BFC55FC22" box="[339,976,945,970]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17B5C666346FC4BFC55FC22" blockId="23.[339,976,841,1005]" box="[339,976,945,970]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">
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<heading id="D0E081B8D17B5C666346FC4BFC55FC22" box="[339,976,945,970]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17B5C666346FC4BFC55FC22" ID-CoL="L5D7" authority="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001" authorityName="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon" authorityYear="2001" box="[339,976,945,970]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cookae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17B5C666346FC4BFD8CFC22" bold="true" box="[339,521,945,970]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" reason="3">Beania cookae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17B5C666007FC4BFC55FC22" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[530,976,945,970]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD17B5C66602FFC2EFD6CFC05" box="[570,745,980,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17B5C66602FFC2EFD6CFC05" blockId="23.[339,976,841,1005]" box="[570,745,980,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17B5C666057FC2EFD20FC05" box="[578,677,980,1005]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD17B5C6662B5FBF2FCAEFBAB" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17B5C6662B5FBF2FC45FBC8" blockId="23.[160,960,1032,1091]" box="[160,960,1032,1056]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17B5C6662B5FBF2FCB9FBC8" ID-CoL="L5D7" authority="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001, p. 48" authorityName="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,828,1032,1056]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cookae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17B5C6662B5FBF2FEC5FBC8" box="[160,320,1032,1056]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">Beania cookae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17B5C66635CFBF2FD77FBC8" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[329,754,1032,1056]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 48
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 5(e, g).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17B5C6662B5FBD1FCAEFBAB" blockId="23.[160,960,1032,1091]" box="[160,811,1067,1091]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17B5C6662B5FBD1FD41FBAB" ID-CoL="68FNF" authority=": Hayward and Ryland 1995, p. 542" authorityName="Hayward and Ryland" authorityPageNumber="542" authorityYear="1995" box="[160,708,1067,1091]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="klugei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17B5C6662B5FBD1FEB6FBAB" box="[160,307,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">Beania klugei</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17B5C666357FBD1FDE8FBAB" author="Hayward PJ & Ryland JS" box="[322,621,1067,1091]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" pagination="533 - 573" refId="ref62530" refString="Hayward PJ, Ryland JS. 1995. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. 2. Mem Queensland Mus. 38: 533 - 573." type="journal article" year="1995">Hayward and Ryland 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 542
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 6(a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD17B5C6662B5FB89FD1FFB47" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17B5C6662B5FB89FE05FB65" blockId="23.[160,666,1139,1199]" box="[160,384,1139,1165]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D17B5C6662B5FB89FE05FB65" box="[160,384,1139,1165]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17B5C6662B5FB89FE05FB65" bold="true" box="[160,384,1139,1165]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17B5C6662B5FB6DFD1FFB47" blockId="23.[160,666,1139,1199]" box="[160,666,1175,1199]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1068 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D17B5C666346FB6DFE08FB47" box="[339,397,1175,1199]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
28), dried, on SEM stub.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD17B5C6962B5FB25FE97F957" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17B5C6662B5FB25FEC8FB11" blockId="23.[160,1156,1247,1376]" box="[160,333,1247,1273]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D17B5C6662B5FB25FEC8FB11" box="[160,333,1247,1273]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17B5C6662B5FB25FEC8FB11" bold="true" box="[160,333,1247,1273]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17B5C6662B5FAF9FE37FA88" blockId="23.[160,1156,1247,1376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">
|
||
AzL, 0.80
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17B5C666310FAF9FE97FAF3" box="[261,274,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.20 (0.939 ± 0.087) (n = 6, 1). AzW, 0.20
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17B5C6660F1FAF9FD74FAF3" box="[740,753,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.21 (0.205 ± 0.005) (n = 4, 1). AvL,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17B5C6662B5FADCFF59FAD6" box="[160,220,1318,1342]" degrees="0.114" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" precision="55" value="0.114">0.114</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17B5C6662C9FADCFEA3FAD6" box="[220,294,1318,1342]" degrees="0.119" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" precision="55" value="-0.119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17B5C6662C9FADCFF6CFAD6" box="[220,233,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.119
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.117 ± 0.003), AvD,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17B5C66603CFADCFDE0FAD6" box="[553,613,1318,1342]" degrees="0.064" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" precision="55" value="0.064">0.064</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17B5C666070FADCFD2AFAD6" box="[613,687,1318,1342]" degrees="0.069" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" precision="55" value="-0.069">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17B5C666070FADCFDF7FAD6" box="[613,626,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.069
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.067 ± 0.003) (n = 3, 1). Average AvL/ AvD ratio, 1.7 (n = 3, 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17B5C6662B5FA6AFEA3FA42" blockId="23.[160,1156,1424,1727]" box="[160,294,1424,1450]" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D17B5C6662B5FA6AFEA3FA42" box="[160,294,1424,1450]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17B5C6662B5FA6AFEA3FA42" bold="true" box="[160,294,1424,1450]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="164" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17B5C6962B5FA4FFE97F957" blockId="23.[160,1156,1424,1727]" lastBlockId="24.[160,1156,1565,1727]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">
|
||
One colony observed; tiny (~15 zooids), recumbent, loosely attached parallel to substratum by basal radicles, frontal side of zooids facing up; colony off- white, tinged slightly with orange. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17B5C6663E3FA00FDD0F9FA" box="[502,597,1530,1554]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="164">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) bud single daughter zooid basodistally, and one from proximolateral wall on each side. Zooids elongate, with squared distal corners; tapering in proximal one-quarter to narrow cylinder at point of origin. Frontal wall entirely membranous; other walls weakly calcified. Each distolateral corner bears small, non-articulated spinous process; no articulated spines observed, but one zooid shows minute spine scar on lateral margin between avicularium attachment and distal process. Avicularia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1745C696309F9E7FEFDF9DD" box="[284,376,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="165">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) paired, one attached by short peduncle on each lateral margin at level of base of operculum; chamber somewhat bulbous; rostrum hooked at end; mandible long-triangular, occupying about half the length of membranous rostral area. Avicularium length to depth ratio about 1.7. No ovicells or ancestrula in our specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD1745C6962B5FB7FFD1CFA2A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="165" startId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" targetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1745C6962B5FB7FFD1CFA2A" blockId="24.[160,1157,1157,1474]" pageId="24" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1745C6962B5FB7FFF79FB74" bold="true" box="[160,252,1157,1180]" pageId="24" pageNumber="165">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
(a, b)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1745C696357FB7FFDAFFB74" authority="Tilbrook" authorityName="Tilbrook" box="[322,554,1157,1180]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cookae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1745C696357FB7FFE4AFB74" box="[322,463,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="165">Beania cookae</emphasis>
|
||
Tilbrook
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1745C696308FB3AFEAFFB3F" box="[285,298,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="165">–</emphasis>
|
||
f)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1745C696354FB3AFCD3FB3F" authority="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon" authorityName="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon" box="[321,854,1216,1239]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hexamicorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1745C696354FB3AFD88FB3F" box="[321,525,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="165">Beania hexamicorum</emphasis>
|
||
Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1755C6862B5FF77FD08FD2B" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C6862B5FF77FE83FF4F" blockId="25.[160,1156,141,340]" box="[160,262,141,167]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1755C6862B5FF77FE83FF4F" box="[160,262,141,167]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C6862B5FF77FE83FF4F" bold="true" box="[160,262,141,167]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C6862B5FF48FBF9FEBC" blockId="25.[160,1156,141,340]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1755C6862B5FF48FE08FF22" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[160,397,178,202]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1755C68613EFF48FC48FF22" box="[811,973,178,202]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Bugula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cookae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C68613EFF48FC48FF22" box="[811,973,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">Bugula cookae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the similar species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1755C6862E9FF2EFE63FF04" authority="Cook, 1968" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1968" box="[252,486,212,236]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="klugei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C6862E9FF2EFEDFFF04" box="[252,346,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">B. klugei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1755C686370FF2EFE63FF04" author="Cook PL" box="[357,486,212,236]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" pagination="115 - 262" refId="ref61096" refString="Cook PL. 1968. Bryozoa (Polyzoa) from the coasts of tropical West Africa. Atlantide Rep. 10: 115 - 262." type="journal article" year="1968">Cook, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We identified our specimen as the former based on the domed shape of the avicularia.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D1755C68600CFF0DFBFDFEBC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793307" country="Vanuatu" location="Vanuatu" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Mean zooid length is smaller (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1755C686197FF0DFC6EFEE7" box="[898,1003,247,271]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.399999999999999" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="0.94">0.94 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D1755C6862B5FEE0FE81FEDA" box="[160,260,282,306]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1755C686307FEE0FEF3FEDA" box="[274,374,282,306]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="1.23">1.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1755C6863D7FEE0FDA5FEDA" box="[450,544,282,306]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1755C686038FEE0FC83FEDA" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[557,774,282,306]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although this difference may be due to our small colony consisting partly of zooids in the zone of astogenetic change
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C6862B5FE7FFEA1FE77" blockId="25.[160,1156,389,519]" box="[160,292,389,415]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1755C6862B5FE7FFEA1FE77" box="[160,292,389,415]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C6862B5FE7FFEA1FE77" bold="true" box="[160,292,389,415]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C6862B5FE53FC24FDEF" blockId="25.[160,1156,389,519]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
We found a single small colony at the MIN site. This species appears to be restricted to the subtropical and tropical western Pacific, previously reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1755C6861A6FE36FB94FE0C" box="[947,1041,460,484]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
and (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1755C686665FE36FF65FDEF" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1968" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="klugei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C686665FE36FF65FDEF" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">B. klugei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and from the Great Barrier Reef (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1755C686072FE15FC11FDEF" author="Hayward PJ & Ryland JS" box="[615,916,495,519]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" pagination="533 - 573" refId="ref62530" refString="Hayward PJ, Ryland JS. 1995. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. 2. Mem Queensland Mus. 38: 533 - 573." type="journal article" year="1995">Hayward and Ryland 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C686329FDCBFB82FDA2" blockId="25.[316,1031,561,620]" box="[316,1031,561,586]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1755C686329FDCBFB82FDA2" authority="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001" authorityName="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon" authorityYear="2001" box="[316,1031,561,586]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hexamicorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C686329FDCBFDC5FDA2" bold="true" box="[316,576,561,586]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" reason="3">Beania hexamicorum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1755C68605FFDCBFB82FDA2" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[586,1031,561,586]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C68602AFDA9FD61FD84" blockId="25.[316,1031,561,620]" box="[575,740,595,620]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1755C686052FDA9FD2FFD84" box="[583,682,595,620]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(c
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C6860ABFDA9FD49FD84" box="[702,716,595,620]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
|
||
f))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C6862B5FD72FB83FD48" blockId="25.[160,1030,648,707]" box="[160,1030,648,672]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1755C6862B5FD72FC06FD48" authority="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001, p. 50" authorityName="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,899,648,672]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hexamicorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C6862B5FD72FE0DFD48" box="[160,392,648,672]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">Beania hexamicorum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1755C686384FD72FCBFFD48" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[401,826,648,672]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 50
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 4(c, d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C6862B5FD51FD08FD2B" blockId="25.[160,1030,648,707]" box="[160,653,683,707]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C6862BEFD51FE93FD2B" box="[171,278,683,707]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1755C6862BEFD51FF70FD2B" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1840" box="[171,245,683,707]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Beania</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1755C68633FFD51FE49FD2B" author="Hayward PJ" box="[298,460,683,707]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 288, fig. 4(b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1755C6862B5FD09FDD1FC9D" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C6862B5FD09FE05FCE5" blockId="25.[160,1156,755,885]" box="[160,384,755,781]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1755C6862B5FD09FE05FCE5" box="[160,384,755,781]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C6862B5FD09FE05FCE5" bold="true" box="[160,384,755,781]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C6862B5FCE2FDD1FC9D" blockId="25.[160,1156,755,885]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1069 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1755C68635BFCE2FE02FCD8" box="[334,391,792,816]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
34), dried, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1070, two colony fragments, dried,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1755C6862B5FCC1FF48FCBB" box="[160,205,827,851]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
|
||
site;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1755C68631AFCC1FEE2FCBB" box="[271,359,827,851]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2016.5.13.12 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1755C68601BFCC1FDCCFCBB" box="[526,585,827,851]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
18), dried, on SEM stub;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1755C686173FCC1FC3BFCBB" box="[870,958,827,851]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2016.5.13.13
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C686640FCC0FBE7FCBA" box="[1109,1122,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
|
||
14, two colony fragments, dried,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1755C6863E4FCA7FD9BFC9D" box="[497,542,861,885]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
|
||
site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1755C6B62B5FC5CFC1CFF21" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C6862B5FC5CFEC8FC28" blockId="25.[160,1156,934,1029]" box="[160,333,934,960]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1755C6862B5FC5CFEC8FC28" box="[160,333,934,960]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C6862B5FC5CFEC8FC28" bold="true" box="[160,333,934,960]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C6862B5FC30FE4BFBED" blockId="25.[160,1156,934,1029]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
OpL, 0.49
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C68631CFC30FE93FC0A" box="[265,278,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.58 (0.534 ± 0.026); OpW, 0.22
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C686066FC30FD05FC0A" box="[627,640,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.37 (0.292 ± 0.029) (n = 20, 1). AvL, 0.13
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C686652FC30FBD1FC0A" box="[1095,1108,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.22 (0.158 ± 0.023) (n = 21, 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C6862B5FBCFFEA3FBA7" blockId="25.[160,1156,1077,1727]" box="[160,294,1077,1103]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1755C6862B5FBCFFEA3FBA7" box="[160,294,1077,1103]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C6862B5FBCFFEA3FBA7" bold="true" box="[160,294,1077,1103]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1755C6B62B5FBA0FC1CFF21" blockId="25.[160,1156,1077,1727]" lastBlockId="26.[160,1155,142,201]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">
|
||
Colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1755C6862E8FBA0FEDFFB9A" box="[253,346,1114,1138]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) forming a small, unilaminar sheet, raised from surface of substratum and loosely attached to it by occasional thin rhizoids arising from basal side of zooids; tan in colour. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1755C6863B8FB65FD8AFB5F" box="[429,527,1183,1207]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) oval, thin walled, lightly calcified, each linked to surrounding zooids by up to six evenly spaced tubular connections; distance between adjacent opesiae equal to or somewhat less than half the opesial width. Three or (less often) four short, erect spines distal to orifice; another small spine on each side lateral to orifice, erect or angled inward; three to nine longer, straight or slightly curved spines arising from opesial rim proximal to avicularium on each side, angled over opesia; additionally up to five straight, horizontally oriented basal spines on each side arising just below opesial rim, directed into spaces between adjacent zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1755C6861AEFA68FB9CFA42" box="[955,1049,1426,1450]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)). Basal spines variably present; some or most zooids in some colonies lack them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1755C686614FA4FFBE5FA25" box="[1025,1120,1461,1485]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)). Zooids dimorphic; one
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D1755C6863BDFA2DFE5FFA07" box="[424,474,1495,1519]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(asterisks,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1755C686043FA2DFD30FA07" box="[598,693,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(d, e)) has pair of relatively thick, straight or curved spines proximolateral to orifice, angled over proximal margin of orifice and meeting in midline, forming distinct suborificial strut, with orifice small and well defined; other
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D1755C6862FDF9C5FE9FF9BF" box="[232,282,1599,1623]" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(circles,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1755C686391F9C5FE62F9BF" box="[388,487,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(d, e)) lacks these distinct spines and has larger, broader orifice defined by opercular margin. Avicularia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1755C6860D5F998FC9AF992" box="[704,799,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(d
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1755C686121F998FCC4F992" box="[820,833,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="166">–</emphasis>
|
||
f)) single or paired proximolateral to orifice, arising from opesial rim, with short peduncle, bulbous chamber and narrow, laterally compressed rostrum with hooked tip. Many zooids have second pair of avicularia proximal to orificial pair, in the region 1/3
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B60F8FF74FD7FFF4E" box="[749,762,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">–</emphasis>
|
||
1/2 the length of zooid from distal end; one zooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1765C6B634EFF4BFE3CFF21" box="[347,441,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)) has two additional pairs in this region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1765C6B62B5FEF8FD10FA66" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6B62B5FEF8FE83FEF4" blockId="26.[160,1156,258,873]" box="[160,262,258,284]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1765C6B62B5FEF8FE83FEF4" box="[160,262,258,284]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B62B5FEF8FE83FEF4" bold="true" box="[160,262,258,284]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6B62B5FEDDFDC1FC81" blockId="26.[160,1156,258,873]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
Our material resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1765C6B63A6FEDDFD1EFED7" box="[435,667,295,319]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hexamicorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B63A6FEDDFD1EFED7" box="[435,667,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Beania hexamicorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1765C6B60F6FEDDFCC4FED7" box="[739,833,295,319]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B6145FEDDFBAAFED7" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[848,1071,295,319]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the following characters. Average zooid size is similar (Okinawa, 0.53 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1765C6B61B9FEB3FB96FE89" box="[940,1043,329,353]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="0.29">0.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1765C6B6635FEB3FB05FE89" box="[1056,1152,329,353]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 0.57 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1765C6B62E2FE96FEE5FE6C" box="[247,352,364,388]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="0.31">0.31 mm</quantity>
|
||
); the avicularia are identical in shape and similar in average length (Okinawa,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1765C6B630FFE75FE07FE4F" box="[282,386,399,423]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1765C6B6384FE75FE74FE4F" box="[401,497,399,423]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1765C6B63EAFE75FDEDFE4F" box="[511,616,399,423]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
); zooids are rather closely spaced, connecting with neighbours by up to six evenly spaced tubes; there are similar complements of distal and lateral marginal spines; and zooids can produce more than one pair of avicularia (Okinawa, up to three pairs were observed;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1765C6B610BFE0DFCFBFDE7" box="[798,894,503,527]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
, up to five pairs). The main difference in the two populations is that zooids in our material can produce straight accessory spines from the basal side that project into the interzooidal spaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1765C6B62B2FDA5FE83FD9F" box="[167,262,607,631]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)); however, this character is variable, as not all zooids produced these basal spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1765C6B62E2FD7BFED1FD71" box="[247,340,641,665]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. (a, b) Beania cookae Tilbrook, NSMT-Te 1068, dried specimens: (a) part of colony branch showing two complete autozooids; (b) enlargement of distal end of autozooid showing paired avicularia. (c–f) Beania hexamicorum Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, dried specimens: (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.12, frontal view showing recumbent colony loosely attached to substratum, with asterisks indicating autozooids that have more than one avicularium on a single side; (d) enlargement of left part of colony in previous panel, with autozooids having only single or paired avicularia proximolateral to orifice (asterisks, autozooids with pair of stout suboral spines meeting in midline; circles, autozooids with large operculum and lacking suboral spines); (e) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooids with two pairs of avicularia; asterisk and circle as in panel d; (f) NSMT-Te 1069, autozooid with three pairs of avicularia (arrowheads). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images. Scale bars: a, d = 500 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 1.0 mm; e, f = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994825/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)). While
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B63DBFD7BFD3DFD71" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[462,696,641,665]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not mention zooidal dimorphism in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1765C6B62B5FD5EFED4FD54" box="[160,337,676,700]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hexamicorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B62B5FD5EFED4FD54" box="[160,337,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">B. hexamicorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this would be an easy character to overlook; it is not possible to check from their illustration, as they figured only two zooids.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B610DFD3DFB86FD37" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[792,1027,711,735]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed, as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1765C6B6326FD13FE63FCE9" box="[307,486,745,769]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hexamicorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B6326FD13FE63FCE9" box="[307,486,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">B. hexamicorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B63E2FD13FDC2FCE9" box="[503,583,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1765C6B63E8FD13FDC2FCE9" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1840" box="[509,583,745,769]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Beaniidae" genus="Beania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Beania</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B6064FD13FDF2FCE9" box="[625,631,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">’</emphasis>
|
||
reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1765C6B613AFD13FC12FCE9" box="[815,919,745,769]" name="Mauritius" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B61DFFD13FBFAFCE9" author="Hayward PJ" box="[970,1151,745,769]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who considered his material too fragmentary either to reliably identify to species or to describe as new. While the avicularium shape is similar,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B6101FCD5FC40FCAF" author="Hayward PJ" box="[788,965,815,839]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not mention more than a single pair of avicularia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6B62B5FC59FEA1FC55" blockId="26.[160,1156,931,1095]" box="[160,292,931,957]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1765C6B62B5FC59FEA1FC55" box="[160,292,931,957]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B62B5FC59FEA1FC55" bold="true" box="[160,292,931,957]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6B62B5FC3DFB01FBAF" blockId="26.[160,1156,931,1095]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
We found six colonies, all at the MIN site.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B6096FC3DFCEBFC37" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[643,878,967,991]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported this species to be common on the undersides of pieces of coral rubble at Erakor Island, Efate,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1765C6B6635FC10FB05FBEA" box="[1056,1152,1002,1026]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Without verification of Hayward
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B601DFBF6FD8BFBCC" box="[520,526,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">’</emphasis>
|
||
s (1988) record from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1765C6B60E9FBF7FCE2FBCD" box="[764,871,1037,1061]" name="Mauritius" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
, we consider this species to have a western-Pacific distribution, with
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1765C6B6085FBD5FD6BFBAF" box="[656,750,1071,1095]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
the only previously known locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6B63B3FB8BFCFAFB45" blockId="26.[419,925,1137,1301]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
Superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1765C6B602EFB8BFC18FB62" authority="Gray, 1848" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1848" box="[571,925,1137,1162]" class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Microporoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B602EFB8BFC93FB62" bold="true" box="[571,790,1137,1162]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">MICROPOROIDEA</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B610AFB8BFC18FB62" author="Gray JE" box="[799,925,1137,1162]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" refId="ref61897" refString="Gray JE. 1848. List of the specimens of British animals in the collections of the British Museum. Part 1. Centrionae or radiated animals. London: Trustees of the British Museum." type="book" year="1848">Gray, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1765C6B63EFFB6EFCFAFB45" authority="Jullien, 1882" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1882" box="[506,895,1172,1197]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B63EFFB6EFD66FB45" bold="true" box="[506,739,1172,1197]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">ONYCHOCELLIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B60F9FB6EFCFAFB45" author="Jullien J" box="[748,895,1172,1197]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" pagination="271 - 285" refId="ref63075" refString="Jullien J. 1882. Note sur une nouvelle division des Bryozoaires Cheilostomiens. Bull Soc Zool Fr. 6: 271 - 285." type="journal article" year="1882">Jullien, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6B63CCFB4CFCCFFB27" blockId="26.[419,925,1137,1301]" box="[473,842,1206,1231]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1765C6B6039FB4CFCCFFB27" authority="Jullien, 1882" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1882" box="[556,842,1206,1231]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B6039FB4CFD28FB27" bold="true" box="[556,685,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Smittipora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B60A2FB4CFCCFFB27" author="Jullien J" box="[695,842,1206,1231]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" pagination="271 - 285" refId="ref63075" refString="Jullien J. 1882. Note sur une nouvelle division des Bryozoaires Cheilostomiens. Bull Soc Zool Fr. 6: 271 - 285." type="journal article" year="1882">Jullien, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6B63A7FB23FCF5FB1A" blockId="26.[419,925,1137,1301]" box="[434,880,1241,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1765C6B63A7FB23FCF5FB1A" authority="Harmer, 1926" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1926" box="[434,880,1241,1266]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cordiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B63A7FB23FD4DFB1A" bold="true" box="[434,712,1241,1266]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" reason="3">Smittipora cordiformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B60C4FB23FCF5FB1A" author="Harmer SF" box="[721,880,1241,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" pagination="13 - 34" refId="ref62291" refString="Harmer SF. 1926. The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition, part 2, Cheilostomata Anasca (with additions to previous reports). Siboga Exped. 28 b: 183 - 501, Plates 13 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1926">Harmer, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6B602FFB06FD6CFAFD" blockId="26.[419,925,1137,1301]" box="[570,745,1276,1301]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1765C6B6057FB06FD20FAFD" box="[578,677,1276,1301]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. (a, b) Smittipora cordiformis Harmer, NSMT-Te 1071: (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids, maternal zooid with vestigial ooecium (arrowhead) and interzooidal avicularia. (c, d) Cribralaria curvirostris Silén, NSMT-Te 1073: (c) autozooids and vicarious avicularia; (d) autozooids at colony margin, including one bearing an ovicell. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994827/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6B62B5FACBFC20FAA1" blockId="26.[160,1155,1329,1422]" box="[160,933,1329,1353]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1765C6B62B5FACBFDB0FAA1" authority="Harmer, 1926" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1926" box="[160,565,1329,1353]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cordiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B62B5FACBFE16FAA1" box="[160,403,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Smittipora cordiformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B6389FACBFDB0FAA1" author="Harmer SF" box="[412,565,1329,1353]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" pagination="13 - 34" refId="ref62291" refString="Harmer SF. 1926. The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition, part 2, Cheilostomata Anasca (with additions to previous reports). Siboga Exped. 28 b: 183 - 501, Plates 13 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1926">Harmer, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part), p. 260, pl. 16, figs 14
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B6163FACBFC06FAA1" box="[886,899,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">–</emphasis>
|
||
18.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6B62B5FAA9FD10FA66" blockId="26.[160,1155,1329,1422]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1765C6B62B5FAA9FC9BFA83" authority=": Hayward and Ryland 1995, p. 543" authorityName="Hayward and Ryland" authorityPageNumber="543" authorityYear="1995" box="[160,798,1363,1387]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cordiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B62B5FAA9FE17FA83" box="[160,402,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">Smittipora cordiformis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B63B5FAA9FD4DFA83" author="Hayward PJ & Ryland JS" box="[416,712,1363,1387]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" pagination="533 - 573" refId="ref62530" refString="Hayward PJ, Ryland JS. 1995. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. 2. Mem Queensland Mus. 38: 533 - 573." type="journal article" year="1995">Hayward and Ryland 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 543
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 6(c).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B619CFAA9FBE4FA83" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[905,1121,1363,1387]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 52, fig. 6(g).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1765C6B635AFA8CFE6FFA66" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[335,490,1398,1422]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 74, pl. 12A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1765C6B62B5FA3DFB01F9EC" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6B62B5FA3DFE05FA09" blockId="26.[160,1156,1479,1540]" box="[160,384,1479,1505]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1765C6B62B5FA3DFE05FA09" box="[160,384,1479,1505]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B62B5FA3DFE05FA09" bold="true" box="[160,384,1479,1505]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6B62B5FA16FB01F9EC" blockId="26.[160,1156,1479,1540]" box="[160,1156,1516,1540]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1071 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1765C6B6345FA16FE0EF9EC" box="[336,395,1516,1540]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
6), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1072, dried specimen,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1765C6B6637FA16FBCAF9EC" box="[1058,1103,1516,1540]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
|
||
site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1765C6D62B5F9C7FD9EFEBC" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6B62B5F9C7FEC8F9BF" blockId="26.[160,1156,1597,1727]" box="[160,333,1597,1623]" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1765C6B62B5F9C7FEC8F9BF" box="[160,333,1597,1623]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B62B5F9C7FEC8F9BF" bold="true" box="[160,333,1597,1623]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1765C6A62B5F998FB04FBA7" blockId="26.[160,1156,1597,1727]" lastBlockId="27.[160,1156,1044,1103]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">
|
||
AzL, 0.65
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B6310F998FE97F992" box="[261,274,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.86 (0.791 ± 0.053); AzW, 0.34
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B607BF998FDFEF992" box="[622,635,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.53 (0.456 ± 0.049); OpL (to base of proximal lip), 0.17
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B62EAF97EFE89F974" box="[255,268,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.20 (0.187 ± 0.007); OpW, 0.14
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B6079F97EFDFCF974" box="[620,633,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.16 (0.151 ± 0.007) (n = 15, 1). AvL, 0.52
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B6652F97EFBD1F974" box="[1095,1108,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.75 (0.623 ± 0.063); AvW, 0.24
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B63FAF95DFE79F957" box="[495,508,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.34 (0.293 ± 0.026) (n = 15, 1). MatZL, 0.55
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1765C6B6652F95DFBD1F957" box="[1095,1108,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="167">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.76 (0.694 ± 0.097); MatZW, 0.45
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1775C6A63FDFBEEFE70FBC4" box="[488,501,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.55 (0.492 ± 0.055); MatZOpL, 0.27
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1775C6A6198FBEEFC1FFBC4" box="[909,922,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.34 (0.306 ± 0.027); MatZOpW, 0.20
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1775C6A635AFBCDFED9FBA7" box="[335,348,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.25 (0.221 ± 0.022) (n = 4, 1). Largest colony fragment
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1775C6A61C9FBCDFBA9FBA7" box="[988,1068,1079,1103]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="27" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
|
||
across.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD1775C6A62B5FCC7FBC2FC22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994827/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="168" startId="27.[160,225,829,852]" targetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1775C6A62B5FCC7FBC2FC22" blockId="27.[160,1156,829,970]" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1775C6A62B5FCC7FE84FCBC" bold="true" box="[160,257,829,852]" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
(a, b)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1775C6A6347FCC7FD02FCBC" authority="Harmer" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1926" box="[338,647,829,852]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cordiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1775C6A6347FCC7FDA8FCBC" box="[338,557,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">Smittipora cordiformis</emphasis>
|
||
Harmer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1071: (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids, maternal zooid with vestigial ooecium (arrowhead) and interzooidal avicularia. (c, d)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1775C6A638AFC82FD37FC67" authority="Silen" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[415,690,888,911]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribralaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1775C6A638AFC82FDF0FC67" box="[415,629,888,911]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">Cribralaria curvirostris</emphasis>
|
||
Silén
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1073: (c) autozooids and vicarious avicularia; (d) autozooids at colony margin, including one bearing an ovicell. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1775C6A61AFFC49FC42FC22" box="[954,967,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">–</emphasis>
|
||
d = 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1775C6A62B5FB81FEA3FB7D" blockId="27.[160,1156,1147,1727]" box="[160,294,1147,1173]" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1775C6A62B5FB81FEA3FB7D" box="[160,294,1147,1173]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="168" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1775C6A62B5FB81FEA3FB7D" bold="true" box="[160,294,1147,1173]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="168" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1775C6D62B5FB65FD9EFEBC" blockId="27.[160,1156,1147,1727]" lastBlockId="28.[160,1156,142,340]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">
|
||
Colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1775C6A6315FB65FEDBFB5F" box="[256,350,1183,1207]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. (a, b) Smittipora cordiformis Harmer, NSMT-Te 1071: (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids, maternal zooid with vestigial ooecium (arrowhead) and interzooidal avicularia. (c, d) Cribralaria curvirostris Silén, NSMT-Te 1073: (c) autozooids and vicarious avicularia; (d) autozooids at colony margin, including one bearing an ovicell. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994827/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; dried colony light reddish brown, with
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1775C6A6323FB38FEBEFB32" box="[310,315,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">‘</emphasis>
|
||
salt-and-pepper
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1775C6A63FBFB38FE71FB32" box="[494,500,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">’</emphasis>
|
||
appearance due to pigmented ectocyst over cryptocyst surrounded by white raised zooidal margins; operculum dark brown, appearing black; rachis and bifurcate base of avicularian mandible also dark brown. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1775C6A61FDFAFDFBC0FAF7" box="[1000,1093,1287,1311]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. (a, b) Smittipora cordiformis Harmer, NSMT-Te 1071: (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids, maternal zooid with vestigial ooecium (arrowhead) and interzooidal avicularia. (c, d) Cribralaria curvirostris Silén, NSMT-Te 1073: (c) autozooids and vicarious avicularia; (d) autozooids at colony margin, including one bearing an ovicell. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994827/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b)) distinct, closely appressed, with suture line between them. Cryptocyst sunken, uniformly granulated, sides sloping from margin to lowest area in centre, proximal to opesia. Opesia of non-maternal zooids subterminal, elongate-D-shaped, sides nearly parallel; proximal margin with broad lappet flanked by narrow sinus on each side. Sunken inside distal curvature of opesia is a broad, straight or slightly convex shelf, occasionally forming a distinct, conical median projection. Opesia of internally brooding maternal zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1775C6A62EDFA00FED1F9FA" box="[248,340,1530,1554]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. (a, b) Smittipora cordiformis Harmer, NSMT-Te 1071: (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids, maternal zooid with vestigial ooecium (arrowhead) and interzooidal avicularia. (c, d) Cribralaria curvirostris Silén, NSMT-Te 1073: (c) autozooids and vicarious avicularia; (d) autozooids at colony margin, including one bearing an ovicell. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994827/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) terminal, much larger than that of non-maternal zooids; elongate-Dshaped, with nearly parallel sides, or campanulate, widest proximally; proximal margin straight or slightly convex, sometimes with conspicuous lappet flanked by sinuses. Along distal curvature of maternal opesia is a smooth, curved, visor-like vestigial ooecium delineated laterally by a suture on each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1775C6A60A0F97FFC91F975" box="[693,788,1669,1693]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. (a, b) Smittipora cordiformis Harmer, NSMT-Te 1071: (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids, maternal zooid with vestigial ooecium (arrowhead) and interzooidal avicularia. (c, d) Cribralaria curvirostris Silén, NSMT-Te 1073: (c) autozooids and vicarious avicularia; (d) autozooids at colony margin, including one bearing an ovicell. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994827/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="168">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
(b), arrowhead). Avicularia interzooidal; shorter and narrower than autozooids, with elongate opening widest distally. Mandibular pivot is a comma-shaped slit on each side; opesial part of rostral opening surrounded by granulated cryptocystal shelf. Avicularia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1705C6D612EFF4BFC1BFF21" box="[827,926,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. (a, b) Smittipora cordiformis Harmer, NSMT-Te 1071: (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids, maternal zooid with vestigial ooecium (arrowhead) and interzooidal avicularia. (c, d) Cribralaria curvirostris Silén, NSMT-Te 1073: (c) autozooids and vicarious avicularia; (d) autozooids at colony margin, including one bearing an ovicell. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994827/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b)) asymmetrical distally, one margin nearly straight and the other strongly curved. Avicularian mandible (not shown) with bifurcate base and long rachis about as long as avicularian cystid; proximal half of rachis has colourless, transparent, hemi-ovoid wing on each side. Spines lacking. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1705C6D62B5FE73FCB9FA9B" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1705C6D62B5FE73FE83FE4B" blockId="28.[160,1156,393,800]" box="[160,262,393,419]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1705C6D62B5FE73FE83FE4B" box="[160,262,393,419]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D62B5FE73FE83FE4B" bold="true" box="[160,262,393,419]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1705C6D62B5FE54FE45FCC8" blockId="28.[160,1156,393,800]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">
|
||
This species is characterised by dimorphism between brooding and non-brooding zooids, and by having an asymmetrical avicularian rostrum. Autozooids in our specimens are larger (average L × W, 0.79 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1705C6D6034FE09FD03FDE3" box="[545,646,499,523]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="0.46">0.46 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than in populations in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1705C6D61DFFE09FB06FDE3" box="[970,1155,499,523]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(L × W, 0.65 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1705C6D6375FDECFE4EFDC6" box="[352,459,534,558]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1705C6D63CEFDECFDFEFDC6" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[475,635,534,558]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Great Barrier Reef (~0.55 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1705C6D6600FDECFB05FDC6" box="[1045,1152,534,558]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1705C6D62B5FDC2FE58FDB8" author="Hayward PJ & Ryland JS" box="[160,477,568,592]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" pagination="533 - 573" refId="ref62530" refString="Hayward PJ, Ryland JS. 1995. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. 2. Mem Queensland Mus. 38: 533 - 573." type="journal article" year="1995">Hayward and Ryland 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the avicularia are conspicuously smaller than the flanking autozooids.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1705C6D6387FDA1FDB5FD9B" author="Harmer SF" box="[402,560,603,627]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" pagination="13 - 34" refId="ref62291" refString="Harmer SF. 1926. The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition, part 2, Cheilostomata Anasca (with additions to previous reports). Siboga Exped. 28 b: 183 - 501, Plates 13 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1926">Harmer (1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 261) noted in the original description that the opesia usually has
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D636DFD87FEFBFD7D" box="[376,382,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">‘</emphasis>
|
||
a conspicuous median tubercle present within its distal border
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D665FFD87FBD5FD7D" box="[1098,1104,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">’</emphasis>
|
||
and clearly shows this structure in his illustrations. We observed only one zooid in our specimens to have this median tubercle; most zooids have, in place of the tubercle, a straight or broadly convex thickening that appears as a low shelf, and some zooids lack any trace of a projection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1705C6D62B5FCACFEA1FC98" blockId="28.[160,1156,854,1123]" box="[160,292,854,880]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1705C6D62B5FCACFEA1FC98" box="[160,292,854,880]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D62B5FCACFEA1FC98" bold="true" box="[160,292,854,880]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1705C6D62B5FC81FE31FB8B" blockId="28.[160,1156,854,1123]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">
|
||
We found only two colonies, both at the MIN site.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1705C6D6113FC81FB80FC7B" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1926" box="[774,1029,891,915]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cordiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D6113FC81FB80FC7B" box="[774,1029,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">Smittipora cordiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broadly distributed in the Indo-West Pacific.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1705C6D6064FC67FCA5FC5D" author="Harmer SF" box="[625,800,925,949]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" pagination="13 - 34" refId="ref62291" refString="Harmer SF. 1926. The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition, part 2, Cheilostomata Anasca (with additions to previous reports). Siboga Exped. 28 b: 183 - 501, Plates 13 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1926">Harmer (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
originally described it from depths of
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1705C6D6337FC3AFEF8FC30" box="[290,381,960,984]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
||
0
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D6325FC3AFEB8FC30" box="[304,317,960,984]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">–</emphasis>
|
||
32 m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in the Celibes,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1705C6D605DFC3AFD39FC30" box="[584,700,960,984]" name="Indonesia" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and reported other specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1705C6D62B5FC19FF6EFC13" box="[160,235,995,1019]" name="Myanmar" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1705C6D62E9FC19FEEAFC13" box="[252,367,995,1019]" name="Myanmar" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1705C6D6396FC19FE7CFC13" box="[387,505,995,1019]" name="Singapore" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
or the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1705C6D6042FC19FD5EFC13" box="[599,731,995,1019]" name="Philippines" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Adimarante Islands in the Indian Ocean. It has subsequently been reported from the Great Barrier Reef (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1705C6D62B3FBD2FE73FBA8" author="Hayward PJ & Ryland JS" box="[166,502,1064,1088]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" pagination="533 - 573" refId="ref62530" refString="Hayward PJ, Ryland JS. 1995. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. 2. Mem Queensland Mus. 38: 533 - 573." type="journal article" year="1995">Hayward and Ryland 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1705C6D6003FBD2FDF2FBA8" box="[534,631,1064,1088]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1705C6D609BFBD2FC0BFBA8" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[654,910,1064,1088]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1705C6D6609FBD2FF75FB8B" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1705C6D6314FBB1FE23FB8B" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[257,422,1099,1123]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1705C6D63B4FB76FCEDFB20" blockId="28.[417,930,1164,1328]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">
|
||
Superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1705C6D6023FB76FC27FB4D" authority="Hincks, 1879" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1879" box="[566,930,1164,1189]" class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Cribrilinoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D6023FB76FC86FB4D" bold="true" box="[566,771,1164,1189]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">CRIBRILINOIDEA</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1705C6D6119FB76FC27FB4D" author="Hincks T" box="[780,930,1164,1189]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" pagination="153 - 164" refId="ref62595" refString="Hincks T. 1879. On the classification of the British Polyzoa. Ann Mag Nat Hist Series 5. 3: 153 - 164." type="journal article" year="1879">Hincks, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1705C6D6004FB55FCEDFB20" authority="Hincks, 1879" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1879" box="[529,872,1199,1224]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D6004FB55FD4FFB20" bold="true" box="[529,714,1199,1224]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">CRIBRILINIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1705C6D60C6FB55FCEDFB20" author="Hincks T" box="[723,872,1199,1224]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" pagination="153 - 164" refId="ref62595" refString="Hincks T. 1879. On the classification of the British Polyzoa. Ann Mag Nat Hist Series 5. 3: 153 - 164." type="journal article" year="1879">Hincks, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1705C6D63F4FB28FCC7FB03" blockId="28.[417,930,1164,1328]" box="[481,834,1234,1259]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1705C6D6021FB28FCC7FB03" authority="Silen, 1941" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[564,834,1234,1259]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribralaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D6021FB28FD3DFB03" bold="true" box="[564,696,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">Cribralaria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1705C6D60D4FB28FCC7FB03" author="Silen L" box="[705,834,1234,1259]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref65122" refString="Silen L. 1941. Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock ' s expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Ark Zool. 33 A: 1 - 130, 9 Plates." type="book chapter" year="1941">Silén, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1705C6D63D4FB0EFCE4FAE5" blockId="28.[417,930,1164,1328]" box="[449,865,1268,1293]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1705C6D63D4FB0EFCE4FAE5" authority="Silen, 1941" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[449,865,1268,1293]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribralaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D63D4FB0EFD52FAE5" bold="true" box="[449,727,1268,1293]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" reason="3">Cribralaria curvirostris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1705C6D60F4FB0EFCE4FAE5" author="Silen L" box="[737,865,1268,1293]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref65122" refString="Silen L. 1941. Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock ' s expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Ark Zool. 33 A: 1 - 130, 9 Plates." type="book chapter" year="1941">Silén, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1705C6D602EFAEDFD6DFAD8" blockId="28.[417,930,1164,1328]" box="[571,744,1303,1328]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1705C6D6056FAEDFD22FAD8" box="[579,679,1303,1328]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. (a, b) Smittipora cordiformis Harmer, NSMT-Te 1071: (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids, maternal zooid with vestigial ooecium (arrowhead) and interzooidal avicularia. (c, d) Cribralaria curvirostris Silén, NSMT-Te 1073: (c) autozooids and vicarious avicularia; (d) autozooids at colony margin, including one bearing an ovicell. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994827/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
(c, d))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1705C6D62B5FAA1FCB9FA9B" blockId="28.[160,828,1370,1395]" box="[160,828,1370,1395]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1705C6D62B5FAA1FDE9FA9B" authority="Silen, 1941, p. 122" authorityName="Silen" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1941" box="[160,620,1371,1395]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribralaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D62B5FAA1FE15FA9B" box="[160,400,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">Cribralaria curvirostris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1705C6D638CFAA1FD91FA9B" author="Silen L" box="[409,532,1371,1395]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref65122" refString="Silen L. 1941. Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock ' s expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Ark Zool. 33 A: 1 - 130, 9 Plates." type="book chapter" year="1941">Silén, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 122
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, figs 182 and 183.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1705C6D62B5FA52FE4EF9C2" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1705C6D62B5FA52FE05FA2A" blockId="28.[160,1155,1448,1578]" box="[160,384,1448,1474]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1705C6D62B5FA52FE05FA2A" box="[160,384,1448,1474]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D62B5FA52FE05FA2A" bold="true" box="[160,384,1448,1474]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1705C6D62B5FA37FE4EF9C2" blockId="28.[160,1155,1448,1578]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1073 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1705C6D6343FA37FE14FA0D" box="[342,401,1485,1509]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
7), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1074 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1705C6D6196FA37FC47FA0D" box="[899,962,1485,1509]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
7-1), bleached on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1075, six dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1705C6D60A9FA0AFD6CF9E0" box="[700,745,1520,1544]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
|
||
site;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1705C6D613CFA0AFC04F9E0" box="[809,897,1520,1544]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2016.5.13.15-17, three dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1705C6D637DF9E8FE10F9C2" box="[360,405,1554,1578]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
|
||
site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1705C6C62B5F99AFE40FC8A" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1705C6D62B5F99AFEC8F992" blockId="28.[160,1156,1632,1727]" box="[160,333,1632,1658]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1705C6D62B5F99AFEC8F992" box="[160,333,1632,1658]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D62B5F99AFEC8F992" bold="true" box="[160,333,1632,1658]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1705C6D62B5F97FFB06F957" blockId="28.[160,1156,1632,1727]" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">
|
||
AzL, 0.53
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D6310F97EFE97F974" box="[261,274,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.67 (0.603 ± 0.039); AzW, 0.32
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D6078F97EFDFFF974" box="[621,634,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.42 (0.361 ± 0.029) (n = 20, 1). OrL, 0.07
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D6652F97EFBD1F974" box="[1095,1108,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.09 (0.081 ± 0.008); OrW, 0.16
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1705C6D63C0F95DFE67F957" box="[469,482,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="169">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.20 (0.178 ± 0.012) (n = 20, 1). Exposed OvL, 0.11; OvL
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C62B5FF74FD2BFF21" blockId="29.[160,1156,142,201]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
including distal, endoozoidal part not evident in unbleached specimens, 0.16; OvW, 0.21 (n = 1). Largest colony observed 20 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1715C6C6042FF4BFD2FFF21" box="[599,682,177,201]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C62B5FF01FEA3FEFD" blockId="29.[160,1157,251,866]" box="[160,294,251,277]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1715C6C62B5FF01FEA3FEFD" box="[160,294,251,277]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C62B5FF01FEA3FEFD" bold="true" box="[160,294,251,277]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C62B5FEDAFE40FC8A" blockId="29.[160,1157,251,866]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; glistening white in colour. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1715C6C62BDFEB8FE88FEB2" box="[168,269,322,346]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. (a, b) Smittipora cordiformis Harmer, NSMT-Te 1071: (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids, maternal zooid with vestigial ooecium (arrowhead) and interzooidal avicularia. (c, d) Cribralaria curvirostris Silén, NSMT-Te 1073: (c) autozooids and vicarious avicularia; (d) autozooids at colony margin, including one bearing an ovicell. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994827/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) oval, distinct. Costal shield high, convex, with 15
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C618EFEB8FC2DFEB2" box="[923,936,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">–</emphasis>
|
||
19 (usually 16
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C6641FEB8FBE4FEB2" box="[1108,1121,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">–</emphasis>
|
||
18; modal number, 17) well-defined costae, including suboral pair; adjacent costae separated by three to six (usually five) conspicuous, kidney-shaped intercostal foramina. Paired costae forming proximal margin of orifice are thicker than others, and each has three to five minute denticles along distal edge. Orifice much broader than long, with smooth, raised distal rim. Avicularia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1715C6C60C4FE0AFCB7FDE0" box="[721,818,496,520]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. (a, b) Smittipora cordiformis Harmer, NSMT-Te 1071: (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids, maternal zooid with vestigial ooecium (arrowhead) and interzooidal avicularia. (c, d) Cribralaria curvirostris Silén, NSMT-Te 1073: (c) autozooids and vicarious avicularia; (d) autozooids at colony margin, including one bearing an ovicell. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994827/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
(c, d)) large, interzooidal, the chambers approximately square in outline; located between distal end of one zooid and proximal end of the next; sometimes lacking from extensive portions of colonies. Rostrum long; narrow and acute distally; directed distolaterally; slightly curved around proximal end of succeeding autozooid; opesia oval or pear shaped; crossbar incomplete, with pivot consisting of pair of condyles. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1715C6C61E0FD67FBDBFD5D" box="[1013,1118,669,693]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 8. (a, b) Smittipora cordiformis Harmer, NSMT-Te 1071: (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids, maternal zooid with vestigial ooecium (arrowhead) and interzooidal avicularia. (c, d) Cribralaria curvirostris Silén, NSMT-Te 1073: (c) autozooids and vicarious avicularia; (d) autozooids at colony margin, including one bearing an ovicell. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994827/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) endozooidal; ooecium formed by, and sunken in, cystid of distal avicularium; ooecium visible externally only as slightly convex crescentic area distal to orifice; entire ooecium evident only in bleached specimens. Zooids interconnect via uniporous septula, at least two in transverse wall and three to five in each distolateral wall. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1715C6C62B5FC6FFC05F957" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C62B5FC6FFE83FC47" blockId="29.[160,1156,917,1255]" box="[160,262,917,943]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1715C6C62B5FC6FFE83FC47" box="[160,262,917,943]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C62B5FC6FFE83FC47" bold="true" box="[160,262,917,943]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C62B5FC40FE04FB0F" blockId="29.[160,1156,917,1255]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
Silén
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C62C2FC43FF58FC39" box="[215,221,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">’</emphasis>
|
||
s (1941) illustrations of this species show a suture running along the midline of each costa, equidistant between two flanking columns of intercostal foramina. This does not make intuitive sense, as one would expect a suture instead between each pair of adjacent costae, indicating lateral fusion of the costae. However, the condition shown by Silén is evident in various cribrimorphs as the frontal shield develops during zooidal ontogeny, with a column of pores and half of each adjacent costa developing as a unit and later fusing with adjacent units. Ontogenetically mature zooids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1715C6C6301FB56FE2FFB2C" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[276,426,1196,1220]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribralaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C6301FB56FE2FFB2C" box="[276,426,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">C. curvirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show the suture running through the midline of a column of pores, as expected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C62B5FAE3FEA1FADB" blockId="29.[160,1155,1305,1435]" box="[160,292,1305,1331]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1715C6C62B5FAE3FEA1FADB" box="[160,292,1305,1331]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C62B5FAE3FEA1FADB" bold="true" box="[160,292,1305,1331]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C62B5FAC4FBD8FA73" blockId="29.[160,1155,1305,1435]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
This species occurred only at the MIN site, where it was abundant (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C695036FD1715C6C6170FAC4FC36FABE" box="[869,947,1342,1366]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="7.[160,216,142,165]" captionText="Table 1. Relative abundance, local occurrence and status in Japan for rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoan species detected in west-central Okinawa, Japan." pageId="29" pageNumber="170">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The only previous report of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1715C6C6312FA9BFE14FA91" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[263,401,1377,1401]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribralaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C6312FA9BFE14FA91" box="[263,401,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
C.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D1715C6C6337FA9BFE14FA91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793328" box="[290,401,1377,1401]" elevation="120" latitude="27.083" location="Chichijima" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="142.183" municipality="Ogasawara (Bonin) island" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" specimenCount="1">curvirostris</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is from
|
||
<elevation id="003AD1E7D1715C6C63F9FA9BFDFFFA91" box="[492,634,1377,1401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="120.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1715C6C63F9FA9BFDB4FA91" box="[492,561,1377,1401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
east of
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD1715C6C60C4FA9BFCC7FA91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D17B5C586346FC4BFC89F957:8EC8600FD1715C6C60C4FA9BFCC7FA91" box="[721,834,1377,1401]" latitude="27.083" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="142.183" municipality="Ogasawara (Bonin) island" name="Chichijima" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">Chichijima</location>
|
||
(~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1715C6C614EFA9BFC47FA91" box="[859,962,1377,1401]" degrees="27.083" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" precision="55" value="27.083">27.083°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1715C6C61D9FA9BFBB2FA91" box="[972,1079,1377,1401]" degrees="142.183" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" precision="55" value="142.183">142.183°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCCACAED1715C6C62B5FA79FE34FA73" box="[160,433,1411,1435]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">Ogasawara (Bonin) island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1715C6C6013FA79FDF3FA73" author="Silen L" box="[518,630,1411,1435]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref65122" refString="Silen L. 1941. Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock ' s expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Ark Zool. 33 A: 1 - 130, 9 Plates." type="book chapter" year="1941">Silén 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), roughly
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1715C6C60F6FA79FCB1FA73" box="[739,820,1411,1435]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" unit="km" value="900.0">900 km</quantity>
|
||
due east of our study area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C63E3FA3FFCC8FA36" blockId="29.[474,845,1477,1571]" box="[502,845,1477,1502]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C63E3FA3FFDC0FA36" bold="true" box="[502,581,1477,1502]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" reason="3">Genus</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1715C6C605BFA3FFCC8FA36" authority="Jullien, 1886" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1886" box="[590,845,1477,1502]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C605BFA3FFD34FA36" bold="true" box="[590,689,1477,1502]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" reason="3">Puellina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1715C6C60AFFA3FFCC8FA36" author="Jullien J" box="[698,845,1477,1502]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" pagination="601 - 620" refId="ref63128" refString="Jullien J. 1886. Les Costulidees, nouvelle famille de Bryozoaires. Bull Soc Zool Fr. 11: 601 - 620." type="journal article" year="1886">Jullien, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C63CFFA12FCCCF9E9" blockId="29.[474,845,1477,1571]" box="[474,841,1512,1537]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1715C6C63CFFA12FCCCF9E9" authority="Ristedt, 1985" authorityName="Ristedt" authorityYear="1985" box="[474,841,1512,1537]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C63CFFA12FD22F9E9" bold="true" box="[474,679,1512,1537]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" reason="3">Puellina harmeri</emphasis>
|
||
Ristedt, 1985
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C604CF9F0FD4EF9CB" blockId="29.[474,845,1477,1571]" box="[601,715,1546,1571]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1715C6C6074F9F0FD47F9CB" box="[609,706,1546,1571]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="30.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 9. Puellina harmeri Ristedt, 1985, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, NSMT-Te 1077), unbleached (c, NSMT-Te 1076) and lightly bleached (d, NSMT-Te 1078) specimens: (a) autozooids; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with marginal avicularium; (c) ovicelled autozooids with long, single or paired lateral oral avicularia; (d) ancestrula and three periancestrular autozooids. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b–d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994829/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C62B5F9C5FC7EF9BF" blockId="29.[160,1019,1599,1727]" box="[160,1019,1599,1623]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1715C6C62B5F9C5FDBCF9BF" authority="Ristedt, 1985, p. 26" authorityName="Ristedt" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1985" box="[160,569,1599,1623]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C62B5F9C5FED1F9BF" box="[160,340,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">Puellina harmeri</emphasis>
|
||
Ristedt, 1985, p. 26
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, figs 1, 6(a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C60A6F9C5FD45F9BF" box="[691,704,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">–</emphasis>
|
||
e), 7(a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C6110F9C5FC97F9BF" box="[773,786,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">–</emphasis>
|
||
k), 8(a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C6142F9C5FCE1F9BF" box="[855,868,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">–</emphasis>
|
||
j) and 9(a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C61C4F9C5FC5BF9BF" box="[977,990,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">–</emphasis>
|
||
d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C62B5F998FD5BF992" blockId="29.[160,1019,1599,1727]" box="[160,734,1634,1658]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1715C6C62B5F998FDF2F992" authority=": Dick et al. 2006, p. 2212" authorityName="Dick" authorityPageNumber="2212" authorityYear="2006" box="[160,631,1634,1658]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C62B5F998FED1F992" box="[160,340,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">Puellina harmeri</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1715C6C6377F998FD96F992" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[354,531,1634,1658]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2212
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 6(a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C62B5F97FFD45F975" blockId="29.[160,1019,1599,1727]" box="[160,704,1669,1693]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1715C6C62B5F97FFDF4F975" authority=": Hayward 1988, p. 290" authorityName="Hayward" authorityPageNumber="290" authorityYear="1988" box="[160,625,1669,1693]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribrilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C62B5F97FFEEDF975" box="[160,360,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">Cribrilaria harmeri</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1715C6C6363F97FFD9CF975" author="Hayward PJ" box="[374,537,1669,1693]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 290
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 3c.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1715C6C62B5F95DFC05F957" blockId="29.[160,1019,1599,1727]" box="[160,896,1703,1727]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1715C6C62BEF95DFD6AF957" authority="Ryland and Hayward, 1992, p. 244" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityPageNumber="244" authorityYear="1992" box="[171,751,1703,1727]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1715C6C62BEF95DFEDAF957" box="[171,351,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="170">Puellina vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1715C6C6372F95DFD1DF957" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[359,664,1703,1727]" pageId="29" pageNumber="170" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 244
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 12(b, c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD1725C6F62B5FCC7FE73FC22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994829" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994829/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" startId="30.[160,225,829,852]" targetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" targetPageId="30">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1725C6F62B5FCC7FE73FC22" blockId="30.[160,1157,829,970]" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F62B5FCC7FF78FCBC" bold="true" box="[160,253,829,852]" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1725C6F6313FCC7FDB1FCBC" authority="Ristedt, 1985" authorityName="Ristedt" authorityYear="1985" box="[262,564,829,852]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F6313FCC7FE22FCBC" box="[262,423,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">Puellina harmeri</emphasis>
|
||
Ristedt, 1985
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, NSMT-Te 1077), unbleached (c, NSMT-Te 1076) and lightly bleached (d, NSMT-Te 1078) specimens: (a) autozooids; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with marginal avicularium; (c) ovicelled autozooids with long, single or paired lateral oral avicularia; (d) ancestrula and three periancestrular autozooids. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F637CFC49FEF3FC22" box="[361,374,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">–</emphasis>
|
||
d = 300 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1725C6F62B5FBF9FF5CFB6D" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1725C6F62B5FBF9FE05FBF5" blockId="30.[160,1156,1027,1157]" box="[160,384,1027,1053]" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1725C6F62B5FBF9FE05FBF5" box="[160,384,1027,1053]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F62B5FBF9FE05FBF5" bold="true" box="[160,384,1027,1053]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1725C6F62B5FBD2FF5CFB6D" blockId="30.[160,1156,1027,1157]" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1076 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1725C6F6348FBD2FE1CFBA8" box="[349,409,1064,1088]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
9), dried (unbleached), on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1077, specimen
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1725C6F62B5FBB0FF5AFB8A" box="[160,223,1098,1122]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
9/1, bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1078 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1725C6F60D8FBB0FC8DFB8A" box="[717,776,1098,1122]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
30), ancestrula, bleached, on SEM stub.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1725C6E62B5FB48FE79FD81" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1725C6F62B5FB48FEC8FB24" blockId="30.[160,1156,1202,1401]" box="[160,333,1202,1228]" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1725C6F62B5FB48FEC8FB24" box="[160,333,1202,1228]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F62B5FB48FEC8FB24" bold="true" box="[160,333,1202,1228]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1725C6F62B5FB2DFC83FA91" blockId="30.[160,1156,1202,1401]" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">
|
||
AzL, 0.25
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F6310FB2CFE97FB06" box="[261,274,1238,1262]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.36 (0.314 ± 0.030); AzW, 0.18
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F607AFB2CFDF9FB06" box="[623,636,1238,1262]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.29 (0.226 ± 0.027) (n = 20, 1). Non-ovicelled zooids: OrL, 0.04
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F634AFB03FEE9FAF9" box="[351,364,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.06 (0.050 ± 0.009); OrW, 0.06
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F60C1FB03FD64FAF9" box="[724,737,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.08 (0.062 ± 0.007) (n = 7, 1). OvL, 0.09
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F62DAFAE6FF59FADC" box="[207,220,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.13 (0.110 ± 0.012); OvW, 0.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F6057FAE6FDCAFADC" box="[578,591,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.12 (0.116 ± 0.006) (n = 12, 1). AvRosL: adventitious avicularia, 0.15
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F6393FAC4FE16FABE" box="[390,403,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.21 (0.182 ± 0.018) (n = 12, 1); marginal vicarious avicularia, 0.13, 0.14 (n = 2, 1). Largest colony observed
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1725C6F607BFA9BFD35FA91" box="[622,688,1377,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
across.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1725C6F62B5FA5CFEA3FA28" blockId="30.[160,1156,1446,1680]" box="[160,294,1446,1472]" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1725C6F62B5FA5CFEA3FA28" box="[160,294,1446,1472]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F62B5FA5CFEA3FA28" bold="true" box="[160,294,1446,1472]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="171" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1725C6E62B5FA31FE79FD81" blockId="30.[160,1156,1446,1680]" lastBlockId="31.[160,1156,142,617]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">
|
||
Colony forming an irregular, unilaminar, encrusting sheet. Frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1725C6F61EAFA31FBDAFA0B" box="[1023,1119,1483,1507]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="30.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 9. Puellina harmeri Ristedt, 1985, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, NSMT-Te 1077), unbleached (c, NSMT-Te 1076) and lightly bleached (d, NSMT-Te 1078) specimens: (a) autozooids; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with marginal avicularium; (c) ovicelled autozooids with long, single or paired lateral oral avicularia; (d) ancestrula and three periancestrular autozooids. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b–d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994829/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) slightly convex, with 14
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1725C6F63B2FA17FE31F9ED" box="[423,436,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="171">–</emphasis>
|
||
16 costae (mode, 15), including suboral pair; raised boss at bend of costal spines variably present within and among zooids. Adjacent costae separated by three to seven (usually five or six) intercostal foramina, including the papilla foramen; papilla foramen about as large as largest of other intercostal foramina. Suboral pair of costae often with tips raised, forming a pointed boss. Suboral lumen single; small, about same size as largest of intercostal pores. Orifice D-shaped, varying within same colony from broader than long to longer than broad. Non-ovicelled zooids with seven closely spaced oral spines; ovicelled zooids with two spines on each side of orifice. Avicularia of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D1735C6E62C3FF0CFE90FEE6" box="[214,277,246,270]" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: interzooidal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1735C6E63AEFF0CFD99FEE6" box="[443,540,246,270]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="30.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 9. Puellina harmeri Ristedt, 1985, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, NSMT-Te 1077), unbleached (c, NSMT-Te 1076) and lightly bleached (d, NSMT-Te 1078) specimens: (a) autozooids; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with marginal avicularium; (c) ovicelled autozooids with long, single or paired lateral oral avicularia; (d) ancestrula and three periancestrular autozooids. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b–d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994829/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)), budded at growing edge, with broad base contacting substratum, later surrounded by autozooids; and adventitious (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1735C6E61EDFEE3FBDEFED9" box="[1016,1115,281,305]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="30.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 9. Puellina harmeri Ristedt, 1985, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, NSMT-Te 1077), unbleached (c, NSMT-Te 1076) and lightly bleached (d, NSMT-Te 1078) specimens: (a) autozooids; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with marginal avicularium; (c) ovicelled autozooids with long, single or paired lateral oral avicularia; (d) ancestrula and three periancestrular autozooids. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b–d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994829/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)), sparsely present in some parts of colony, abundant in other parts, budded from and recumbent on marginal gymnocyst, single or paired lateral to orifice, pointing distally. Rostrum of both
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D1735C6E6373FE7BFE27FE71" box="[358,418,385,409]" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">types</typeStatus>
|
||
variable in length, sometimes longer than ovicell; narrow, sides nearly parallel, edges variable in sculpturing, smooth or serrate even within same colony. Ovicell prominent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1735C6E6362FE3CFE50FE36" box="[375,469,454,478]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="30.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 9. Puellina harmeri Ristedt, 1985, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, NSMT-Te 1077), unbleached (c, NSMT-Te 1076) and lightly bleached (d, NSMT-Te 1078) specimens: (a) autozooids; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with marginal avicularium; (c) ovicelled autozooids with long, single or paired lateral oral avicularia; (d) ancestrula and three periancestrular autozooids. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b–d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994829/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
(b, c)), closed by operculum. Ooecium smooth, globose, often with slight median ridge or boss proximally. Ancestrula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1735C6E6126FE13FC17FDE9" box="[819,914,489,513]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="30.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 9. Puellina harmeri Ristedt, 1985, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, NSMT-Te 1077), unbleached (c, NSMT-Te 1076) and lightly bleached (d, NSMT-Te 1078) specimens: (a) autozooids; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with marginal avicularium; (c) ovicelled autozooids with long, single or paired lateral oral avicularia; (d) ancestrula and three periancestrular autozooids. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b–d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994829/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) tatiform, with 12 spines evenly distributed around opesial margin; ancestrula buds a triplet of daughter zooids, distally and distolaterally; daughter zooids similar to but smaller than subsequent zooids, with seven oral spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1735C5162B5FD6EFDDFFD9F" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1735C6E62B5FD6EFE83FD46" blockId="31.[160,1157,660,1518]" box="[160,262,660,686]" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1735C6E62B5FD6EFE83FD46" box="[160,262,660,686]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E62B5FD6EFE83FD46" bold="true" box="[160,262,660,686]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1735C6E62B5FD43FF76FC49" blockId="31.[160,1157,660,1518]" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">
|
||
Our specimen matches well the original description of this species from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1735C6E62B5FD26FE9BFD1C" box="[160,286,732,756]" name="Philippines" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Ristedt 1985), although Ristedt reported slightly more (15
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E61EFFD21FB82FD1B" box="[1018,1031,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">–</emphasis>
|
||
17) costae per zooid. The origin of the ooecium is variable in this species; the ooecial fold can be formed either by the distal zooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1735C6E6075FCDBFD44FCD1" box="[608,705,801,825]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="30.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 9. Puellina harmeri Ristedt, 1985, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, NSMT-Te 1077), unbleached (c, NSMT-Te 1076) and lightly bleached (d, NSMT-Te 1078) specimens: (a) autozooids; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with marginal avicularium; (c) ovicelled autozooids with long, single or paired lateral oral avicularia; (d) ancestrula and three periancestrular autozooids. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b–d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994829/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)), by a distal kenozooid visible from above, or by a distal kenozooid with no frontal part visible from above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1735C6E61E9FCBEFBDBFCB4" box="[1020,1118,836,860]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="30.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 9. Puellina harmeri Ristedt, 1985, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, NSMT-Te 1077), unbleached (c, NSMT-Te 1076) and lightly bleached (d, NSMT-Te 1078) specimens: (a) autozooids; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with marginal avicularium; (c) ovicelled autozooids with long, single or paired lateral oral avicularia; (d) ancestrula and three periancestrular autozooids. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b–d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994829/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1735C6E62B3FC9CFEDAFC96" author="Ostrovsky AN" box="[166,351,870,894]" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" pagination="287 - 318" refId="ref64278" refString="Ostrovsky AN. 1998. Comparative studies of ovicell anatomy and reproductive patterns in Cribrilina annulata and Celleporella hyalina (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida). Acta Zool-Stockholm. 79: 287 - 318." type="journal article" year="1998">Ostrovsky 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1735C6E6366FC9CFE2EFC96" author="Ostrovsky AN" box="[371,427,870,894]" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" refId="ref64385" refString="Ostrovsky AN. 2013. Evolution of sexual reproduction in marine invertebrates: example of gymnolaemate bryozoans. Dordrecht: Springer." type="book" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with all three variants sometimes occurring in the same colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1735C6E62D5FC56FE96FA06" blockId="31.[160,1157,660,1518]" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">
|
||
It is not clear how
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1735C6E63BEFC56FDA4FC2C" authorityName="Ristedt" authorityYear="1985" box="[427,545,940,964]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E63BEFC56FDA4FC2C" box="[427,545,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">P. harmeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1735C6E60D4FC56FF5DFC0E" authority="Ryland and Hayward, 1992" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityYear="1992" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E60D4FC56FCF9FC2C" box="[705,892,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Puellina vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1735C6E619DFC56FF5DFC0E" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally described from the Great Barrier Reef,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1735C6E612EFC34FC27FC0E" box="[827,930,974,998]" name="Australia" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Judging from the original description, the latter species differs from the former only in having slightly smaller zooids and a shorter avicularian rostrum. Rostrum length is not a reliable character, however, as it varies within colonies, both in material reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1735C6E6665FBCCFF72FB99" authorityName="Ristedt" authorityYear="1985" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E6665FBCCFF72FB99" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">P. harmeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1735C6E6356FBA3FD8DFB99" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[323,520,1113,1137]" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2212, fig. 6(a, c, e, g)) and that reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1735C6E6665FBA3FF72FB7C" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityYear="1992" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E6665FBA3FF72FB7C" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">P. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1735C6E6353FB86FE6EFB7C" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[326,491,1148,1172]" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 95, pl. 15E).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1735C6E60D3FB86FB9CFB7C" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[710,1049,1148,1172]" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not describe the ancestrula for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1735C6E63C8FB64FDD5FB5E" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityYear="1992" box="[477,592,1182,1206]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E63C8FB64FDD5FB5E" box="[477,592,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">P. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The original description for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1735C6E61B7FB64FB90FB5E" authorityName="Ristedt" authorityYear="1985" box="[930,1045,1182,1206]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E61B7FB64FB90FB5E" box="[930,1045,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">P. harmeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicates a tatiform ancestrula with 12 spines (Ristedt 1985), as was observed in both the Hawaii (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1735C6E6315FB1EFE46FB14" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[256,451,1252,1276]" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Okinawa populations. Specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1735C6E6608FB1EFF6BFAF6" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1735C6E638DFAFCFD8AFAF6" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityYear="1992" box="[408,527,1286,1310]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E638DFAFCFD8AFAF6" box="[408,527,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">P. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a tatiform ancestrula with 14 spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1735C6E6631FAFCFF5DFAA9" author="Tilbrook KJ" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although the avicularia, zooid measurements and range in number of costae are quite similar to those in our specimens.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1735C6E60AAFAB1FC3FFA8B" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[703,954,1355,1379]" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1735C6E6665FAB1FF72FA6E" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityYear="1992" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E6665FAB1FF72FA6E" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">P. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as quite common at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1735C6E601DFA94FDEFFA6E" box="[520,618,1390,1414]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but did not observe the ancestrula in that population. Without a better idea of the range of variation in nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1735C6E61C9FA6BFBCAFA41" authorityName="Ristedt" authorityYear="1985" box="[988,1103,1425,1449]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E61C9FA6BFBCAFA41" box="[988,1103,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">P. harmeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1735C6E62B5FA49FE96FA23" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityYear="1992" box="[160,275,1459,1483]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E62B5FA49FE96FA23" box="[160,275,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">P. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is premature to declare them synonymous, but the possibility cannot be ruled out.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1735C6E62B5F9E0FEA1F9DC" blockId="31.[160,1155,1562,1692]" box="[160,292,1562,1588]" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1735C6E62B5F9E0FEA1F9DC" box="[160,292,1562,1588]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E62B5F9E0FEA1F9DC" bold="true" box="[160,292,1562,1588]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1735C5162B5F9C4FF61FEE6" blockId="31.[160,1155,1562,1692]" lastBlockId="32.[160,1156,142,270]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1735C6E62B5F9C4FED6F9BE" authorityName="Ristedt" authorityYear="1985" box="[160,339,1598,1622]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1735C6E62B5F9C4FED6F9BE" box="[160,339,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Puellina harmeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was uncommon in the study area; we found six colonies, all at the MIN site. This is a widely distributed, shallow-water, tropical to subtropical, Indo-West Pacific species, previously reported from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1735C6E607DF97EFD66F974" box="[616,739,1668,1692]" name="Philippines" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Ristedt 1985),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1735C6E61B6F97EFB8EF974" box="[931,1035,1668,1692]" name="Mauritius" pageId="31" pageNumber="172">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1735C51660BF97EFF52FF4E" author="Hayward PJ" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="31" pageNumber="172" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Hawaii (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C516368FF74FDBDFF4E" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[381,568,142,166]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This range encompasses that of the similar and possibly synonymous species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14C5C5163EFFF4BFDE8FF21" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityYear="1992" box="[506,621,177,201]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C5163EFFF4BFDE8FF21" box="[506,621,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">P. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reported from the Great Barrier Reef (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C516623FF4BFEFFFF04" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14C5C516387FF2EFE75FF04" box="[402,496,212,236]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C516015FF2EFD66FF04" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[512,739,212,236]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14C5C51614FFF2EFB90FF04" box="[858,1045,212,236]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C516633FF2EFF52FEE6" author="Tilbrook KJ" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C516383FEC2FCF1FE9C" blockId="32.[406,942,312,476]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
Superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14C5C51603EFEC2FC2BFEB9" authority="Busk, 1852 b" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1852" box="[555,942,312,337]" class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Catenicelloidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C51603EFEC2FC90FEB9" bold="true" box="[555,789,312,337]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">CATENICELLOIDEA</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C51610BFEC2FC2BFEB9" author="Busk G" box="[798,942,312,337]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" refId="ref60611" refString="Busk G. 1852 b. Catalogue of marine Polyzoa in the collection of the British Museum. I. Cheilostomata. London: Trustees of the British Museum." type="book" year="1852">Busk, 1852b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14C5C516013FEA1FCF1FE9C" authority="Busk, 1852 b" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1852" box="[518,884,347,372]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Catenicellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C516013FEA1FD59FE9C" bold="true" box="[518,732,347,372]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">CATENICELLIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C5160F1FEA1FCF1FE9C" author="Busk G" box="[740,884,347,372]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" refId="ref60611" refString="Busk G. 1852 b. Catalogue of marine Polyzoa in the collection of the British Museum. I. Cheilostomata. London: Trustees of the British Museum." type="book" year="1852">Busk, 1852b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C5163D9FE87FCD2FE7E" blockId="32.[406,942,312,476]" box="[460,855,381,406]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14C5C51600AFE87FCD2FE7E" authority="Gordon, 1989" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1989" box="[543,855,381,406]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Catenicellidae" genus="Vasignyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C51600AFE87FD29FE7E" bold="true" box="[543,684,381,406]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">Vasignyella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C5160A3FE87FCD2FE7E" author="Gordon DP" box="[694,855,381,406]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" pagination="447 - 463" refId="ref61722" refString="Gordon DP. 1989. Intertidal bryozoans from coral reef-flat rubble in Sa ' aga, Western Samoa. NZ J Zool. 16: 447 - 463." type="journal article" year="1989">Gordon, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C51638BFE5AFC00FE51" blockId="32.[406,942,312,476]" box="[414,901,416,441]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14C5C51638BFE5AFC00FE51" authority="(Kirkpatrick, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Kirkpatrick" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[414,901,416,441]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Catenicellidae" genus="Vasignyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="otophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C51638BFE5AFD22FE51" bold="true" box="[414,679,416,441]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" reason="3">Vasignyella otophora</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C5160A3FE5AFCF9FE51" author="Kirkpatrick R" box="[694,892,416,441]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" pagination="11 - 24" refId="ref63316" refString="Kirkpatrick R. 1890. Report upon the Hydrozoa and Polyzoa collected by W. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., during the survey of the Tizard and Macclesfield Banks, in the China Sea, by H. M. S. " Rambler ", Commander W. U. Moore. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser 6. 5: 11 - 24, Plates 3 - 5." type="journal article" year="1890">Kirkpatrick, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C516056FE39FD65FE34" blockId="32.[406,942,312,476]" box="[579,736,451,476]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14C5C51605EFE39FD3EFE34" box="[587,699,451,476]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[159,224,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidaldilatations,or ‘zooids’ (arrowheads),linkedbylongcaudalportion,or ‘stolon’;(c)NHMUK2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz)from the lateral margin;(g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections;(h) NSMT-Te 1082,presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanningelectronmicroscopicimages;the specimensin panels(c)to(e)werelightlybleached.Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994831/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
(a))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C5162B5FE0DFCDFFDE7" blockId="32.[160,1156,503,631]" box="[160,858,503,527]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14C5C5162B5FE0DFD00FDE7" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1890, p. 17" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1890" box="[160,645,503,527]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Catenicellidae" genus="Catenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="otophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C5162B5FE0DFEFDFDE7" box="[160,376,503,527]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">Catenaria otophora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C516395FE0DFDB9FDE7" author="Kirkpatrick R" box="[384,572,503,527]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" pagination="11 - 24" refId="ref63316" refString="Kirkpatrick R. 1890. Report upon the Hydrozoa and Polyzoa collected by W. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., during the survey of the Tizard and Macclesfield Banks, in the China Sea, by H. M. S. " Rambler ", Commander W. U. Moore. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser 6. 5: 11 - 24, Plates 3 - 5." type="journal article" year="1890">Kirkpatrick, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 17
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Plate 5, fig. l(a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C516126FE0DFCC5FDE7" box="[819,832,503,527]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">–</emphasis>
|
||
c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C5162B5FDE0FCD1FDDA" blockId="32.[160,1156,503,631]" box="[160,852,538,562]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14C5C5162B5FDE0FD04FDDA" authority=": Harmer 1957, p. 763" authorityName="Harmer" authorityPageNumber="763" authorityYear="1957" box="[160,641,538,562]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Savignyellidae" genus="Savignyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="otophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C5162B5FDE0FE0CFDDA" box="[160,393,538,562]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">Savignyella otophora</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C516382FDE0FDAFFDDA" author="Harmer SF" box="[407,554,538,562]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" pagination="42 - 74" refId="ref62331" refString="Harmer SF. 1957. The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition, part 4, Cheilostomata Ascophora II. Siboga Exped. 28 d: 641 - 1147, Plates 42 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1957">Harmer 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 763
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 51, figs 19
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C516133FDE0FCB6FDDA" box="[806,819,538,562]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">–</emphasis>
|
||
21.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C5162B5FDC7FDDFFD9F" blockId="32.[160,1156,503,631]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14C5C5162B5FDC7FDF9FDBD" authority=": Gordon 1989, p. 453" authorityName=": Gordon" authorityPageNumber="453" authorityYear="1989" box="[160,636,573,597]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Catenicellidae" genus="Vasignyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="otophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C5162B5FDC7FE02FDBD" box="[160,391,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">Vasignyella otophora</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C516381FDC7FDA2FDBD" author="Gordon DP" box="[404,551,573,597]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" pagination="447 - 463" refId="ref61722" refString="Gordon DP. 1989. Intertidal bryozoans from coral reef-flat rubble in Sa ' aga, Western Samoa. NZ J Zool. 16: 447 - 463." type="journal article" year="1989">Gordon 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 453
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, figs 13
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C5160C5FDC7FD58FDBD" box="[720,733,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">–</emphasis>
|
||
15.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C516110FDC7FBA9FDBD" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[773,1068,573,597]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 247, fig. 14(a).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C516324FDA5FD88FD9F" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[305,525,607,631]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 60.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD14C5C5162B5FD4BFBEBFD05" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C5162B5FD4BFE05FD23" blockId="32.[160,1134,689,749]" box="[160,384,689,715]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14C5C5162B5FD4BFE05FD23" box="[160,384,689,715]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C5162B5FD4BFE05FD23" bold="true" box="[160,384,689,715]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C5162B5FD2FFBEBFD05" blockId="32.[160,1134,689,749]" box="[160,1134,725,749]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1079 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D14C5C516346FD2FFE0BFD05" box="[339,398,725,749]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
4), dried, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1080, dried fragments,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D14C5C51661FFD2FFBB2FD05" box="[1034,1079,725,749]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
|
||
site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD14C5C5362B5FCDDFCB9FE9B" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C5162B5FCDDFEC8FCA9" blockId="32.[160,1156,807,902]" box="[160,333,807,833]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14C5C5162B5FCDDFEC8FCA9" box="[160,333,807,833]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C5162B5FCDDFEC8FCA9" bold="true" box="[160,333,807,833]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C5162B5FCB1FD8FFC6E" blockId="32.[160,1156,807,902]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
AzL, 0.94
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C516313FCB1FE96FC8B" box="[262,275,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.13 (1.016 ± 0.060); AzW, 0.23
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C516061FCB1FD04FC8B" box="[628,641,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.27 (0.249 ± 0.016) (n = 8). OrL, 0.124; OrW, 0.101 (average values, n = 2, 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C5162B5FC45FEA3FC31" blockId="32.[160,1156,959,1471]" box="[160,294,959,985]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14C5C5162B5FC45FEA3FC31" box="[160,294,959,985]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C5162B5FC45FEA3FC31" bold="true" box="[160,294,959,985]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C5162B5FC1EFD0FFA57" blockId="32.[160,1156,959,1471]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">Colony consisting of zooids in branching uniserial series; recumbent, loosely attached to substratum by rhizoids budded from proximal basal side of dilated portion of zooids. Branching pattern irregular, with zooids giving rise to two (up to three?) daughter zooids from basal side near distal end of dilatation, or anywhere along lateral margin. Zooids clavate, with narrow cauda comprising one-quarter to two-fifths of total zooid length gradually expanding to form dilated portion; zooids often appear curved due to bend in frontal direction at point where cauda meets dilatation. Frontal wall gymnocystal, smooth, with one or two longitudinal series of frontal pseudopores on each side (one along frontolateral margin, and another more medially); pseudopores conspicuous, circular, infundibular. Five or six large, circular, uniporous septula along each lateral margin. Orifice small, oval, longer than broad; terminal. Proximal margin of orifice formed by two flattened, truncated costal spines with suture line between them. Oral spines lacking. Avicularia small, paired, lateral to orifice; rostrum raised, facing laterally; mandible triangular. Ovicells not observed.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C5162B5FA02FEA1F9FA" blockId="32.[160,1154,1528,1727]" box="[160,292,1528,1554]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14C5C5162B5FA02FEA1F9FA" box="[160,292,1528,1554]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C5162B5FA02FEA1F9FA" bold="true" box="[160,292,1528,1554]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14C5C5162B5F9E7FE13F957" blockId="32.[160,1154,1528,1727]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">
|
||
We found two small colonies, both at the MIN site. Originally described from Tizard Bank (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14C5C5162B0F9C5FEC3F9BF" box="[165,326,1599,1623]" name="Spratly Islands" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">Spratly Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
), South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14C5C51638BF9C5FE59F9BF" box="[414,476,1599,1623]" name="China" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C516002F9C5FD42F9BF" author="Kirkpatrick R" box="[535,711,1599,1623]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" pagination="11 - 24" refId="ref63316" refString="Kirkpatrick R. 1890. Report upon the Hydrozoa and Polyzoa collected by W. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., during the survey of the Tizard and Macclesfield Banks, in the China Sea, by H. M. S. " Rambler ", Commander W. U. Moore. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser 6. 5: 11 - 24, Plates 3 - 5." type="journal article" year="1890">Kirkpatrick 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14C5C5160CEF9C5FC3CF9BF" authorityName=": Gordon" authorityYear="1989" box="[731,953,1599,1623]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Catenicellidae" genus="Vasignyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="otophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14C5C5160CEF9C5FC3CF9BF" box="[731,953,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">Vasignyella otophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a broad Indo- West Pacific distribution, ranging from the Sudanese Red Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C516142F998FC74F992" author="Dumont JPC" box="[855,1009,1634,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" pagination="623 - 637" refId="ref61537" refString="Dumont JPC. 1981. A report on the cheilostome Bryozoa of the Sudanese Red Sea. J Nat Hist. 15: 623 - 637. doi: 10.1080 / 00222938100770441" type="journal article" year="1981">Dumont 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) eastward to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14C5C5162B5F97FFF6FF975" box="[160,234,1669,1693]" name="Samoa" pageId="32" pageNumber="173">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14C5C5162E2F97FFE02F975" author="Gordon DP" box="[247,391,1669,1693]" pageId="32" pageNumber="173" pagination="447 - 463" refId="ref61722" refString="Gordon DP. 1989. Intertidal bryozoans from coral reef-flat rubble in Sa ' aga, Western Samoa. NZ J Zool. 16: 447 - 463." type="journal article" year="1989">Gordon 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our specimen at Okinawa represents the farthest northern record of this distinctive species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD14D5C50628AFA37FD48F8E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994831" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994831/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="174" startId="33.[159,224,1485,1508]" targetBox="[178,1138,142,1454]" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14D5C50628AFA37FD48F8E2" blockId="33.[159,1157,1485,1802]" pageId="33" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14D5C50628AFA37FE8EFA0C" bold="true" box="[159,267,1485,1508]" pageId="33" pageNumber="174">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
(a)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14D5C506320FA37FDF1FA0C" authority="(Kirkpatrick)" baseAuthorityName="Kirkpatrick" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[309,628,1485,1508]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Catenicellidae" genus="Vasignyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="174" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="otophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14D5C506320FA37FE7DFA0C" box="[309,504,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="174">Vasignyella otophora</emphasis>
|
||
(Kirkpatrick)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14D5C5062EFFA10FE83F9E9" box="[250,262,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="174">–</emphasis>
|
||
h)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14D5C50630AFA11FE64F9EA" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[287,481,1515,1538]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="174" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="petrophila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14D5C50630AFA11FE64F9EA" box="[287,481,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="174">Hippothoa petrophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD14D5C5063F2FA11FDB7F9EA" box="[487,562,1515,1538]" pageId="33" pageNumber="174" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidal dilatations,or
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14D5C506373F9F2FEEEF9F7" box="[358,363,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="174">‘</emphasis>
|
||
zooids
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14D5C5063B3F9F2FE2EF9F7" box="[422,427,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="174">’</emphasis>
|
||
(arrowheads),linked by long caudal portion,or
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14D5C50614EF9F2FCE5F9F7" box="[859,864,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="174">‘</emphasis>
|
||
stolon
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14D5C50618CF9F2FC1BF9F7" box="[921,926,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="174">’</emphasis>
|
||
; (c) NHMUK2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz) from the lateral margin; (g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections; (h) NSMT-Te 1082, presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanning electron microscopic images;the specimens in panels (c) to (e) were lightly bleached.Scale bars:a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14D5C50667BF92FFBFFF904" box="[1134,1146,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="174">–</emphasis>
|
||
c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14E5C5363B2FF77FCE7FF21" blockId="34.[423,924,141,305]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
Superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14E5C536029FF77FC19FF4E" authority="Busk, 1859" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1859" box="[572,924,141,166]" class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hippothooidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C536029FF77FC96FF4E" bold="true" box="[572,787,141,166]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">HIPPOTHOOIDEA</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14E5C536108FF77FC19FF4E" author="Busk G" box="[797,924,141,166]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" refId="ref60659" refString="Busk G. 1859. A monograph of the fossil Polyzoa of the crag. London: The Palaeontological Society." type="book" year="1859">Busk, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14E5C536002FF4AFCE7FF21" authority="Busk, 1859" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1859" box="[535,866,176,201]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C536002FF4AFD5FFF21" bold="true" box="[535,730,176,201]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">HIPPOTHOIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14E5C5360F6FF4AFCE7FF21" author="Busk G" box="[739,866,176,201]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" refId="ref60659" refString="Busk G. 1859. A monograph of the fossil Polyzoa of the crag. London: The Palaeontological Society." type="book" year="1859">Busk, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14E5C5363AEFF29FCEDFF04" blockId="34.[423,924,141,305]" box="[443,872,211,236]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14E5C53601AFF29FCEDFF04" authority="Lamouroux, 1821" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1821" box="[527,872,211,236]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C53601AFF29FD14FF04" bold="true" box="[527,657,211,236]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">Hippothoa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14E5C53608FFF29FCEDFF04" author="Lamouroux JVF" box="[666,872,211,236]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" pagination="63" refId="ref63427" refString="Lamouroux JVF. 1821. Exposition methodique des genres de l ' ordre des polypiers, avec leur description et celles des principales especes, figurees dans 84 planches; les 63 premieres apartenant a 1 ' Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes d ' Ellis et Solander. Paris: V. Agasse. French." type="journal article" year="1821">Lamouroux, 1821</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14E5C5363CFFF0FFCCFFEE6" blockId="34.[423,924,141,305]" box="[474,842,245,270]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14E5C5363CFFF0FFD61FEE6" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[474,740,245,270]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="petrophila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5363CFFF0FFD61FEE6" bold="true" box="[474,740,245,270]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" reason="3">Hippothoa petrophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD14E5C5360F8FF0FFCCFFEE6" box="[749,842,245,270]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14E5C536026FEE2FD75FED9" blockId="34.[423,924,141,305]" box="[563,752,280,305]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14E5C53602EFEE2FD28FED9" box="[571,685,280,305]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[159,224,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidaldilatations,or ‘zooids’ (arrowheads),linkedbylongcaudalportion,or ‘stolon’;(c)NHMUK2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz)from the lateral margin;(g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections;(h) NSMT-Te 1082,presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanningelectronmicroscopicimages;the specimensin panels(c)to(e)werelightlybleached.Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994831/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
(b
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5360D6FEE2FD54FED9" box="[707,721,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">–</emphasis>
|
||
h))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14E5C5362B5FEA1FCB9FE9B" blockId="34.[160,828,347,371]" box="[160,828,347,371]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5362A1FEA1FE10FE9B" box="[180,405,347,371]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14E5C5362A1FEA1FEA2FE9B" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1821" box="[180,295,347,371]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Hippothoa</taxonomicName>
|
||
flagellum
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14E5C5363B6FEA1FDD1FE9B" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[419,596,347,371]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2216, fig. 7(a, b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD14E5C5362B5FE5AFCBCFDAC" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14E5C5362B5FE5AFE05FE52" blockId="34.[160,1156,416,580]" box="[160,384,416,442]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14E5C5362B5FE5AFE05FE52" box="[160,384,416,442]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5362B5FE5AFE05FE52" bold="true" box="[160,384,416,442]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14E5C5362B5FE3EFCBCFDAC" blockId="34.[160,1156,416,580]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D14E5C5362B5FE3EFE8CFE34" box="[160,265,452,476]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: NSMT-Te 1081 (MIN-8/1;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14E5C53604CFE3EFC55FE34" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[601,976,452,476]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="microperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C53604CFE3EFC55FE34" box="[601,976,452,476]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">Pleurocodonellina microperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also present).
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D14E5C5362B5FE1DFE95FE17" box="[160,272,487,511]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: NSMT-Te 1082 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D14E5C5363DCFE1DFD87FE17" box="[457,514,487,511]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
30;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14E5C53603DFE1DFC85FE17" box="[552,768,487,511]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnopusiidae" genus="Poricella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spathulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C53603DFE1DFC85FE17" box="[552,768,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">Poricella spathulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and ancestrula of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14E5C5361C4FE1DFB06FE17" authorityName="Ristedt" authorityYear="1985" box="[977,1155,487,511]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5361C4FE1DFB06FE17" box="[977,1155,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">Puellina harmeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also present), lightly bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1083 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D14E5C53614BFDF0FC1FFDCA" box="[862,922,522,546]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
31), lightly bleached, on SEM stub;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D14E5C53632BFDD6FE13FDAC" box="[318,406,556,580]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2016.5.13.18 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D14E5C53602FFDD6FDF0FDAC" box="[570,629,556,580]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
14), on SEM stub.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD14E5C5362B5FD8BFD90FD1B" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14E5C5362B5FD8BFE98FD63" blockId="34.[160,1156,625,755]" box="[160,285,625,651]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14E5C5362B5FD8BFE98FD63" box="[160,285,625,651]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5362B5FD8BFE98FD63" bold="true" box="[160,285,625,651]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" reason="3">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14E5C5362B5FD6FFD90FD1B" blockId="34.[160,1156,625,755]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
The specific name is a Latinised adjective from the Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C53613DFD6FFCE4FD45" box="[808,865,661,685]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">petra</emphasis>
|
||
(rock) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5361F4FD6FFBA4FD45" box="[993,1057,661,685]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">philos</emphasis>
|
||
(loving), referring to the apparent preference of this species in colonising bare rock substrata rather than calcareous substrata.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD14E5C5262B5FCE5FD37FE36" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14E5C5362B5FCE5FEC8FCD1" blockId="34.[160,1156,799,1033]" box="[160,333,799,825]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14E5C5362B5FCE5FEC8FCD1" box="[160,333,799,825]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5362B5FCE5FEC8FCD1" bold="true" box="[160,333,799,825]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14E5C5362B5FCBEFE12FBE1" blockId="34.[160,1156,799,1033]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
Az dilatation L, 0.26
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C53636BFCB9FE0EFCB3" box="[382,395,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.38 (0.298 ± 0.031); W, 0.14
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5360DCFCB9FD53FCB3" box="[713,726,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.20 (0.171 ± 0.018) (n = 19). Cauda L, 0.18
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5362DAFC9CFF59FC96" box="[207,220,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.50 (0.693 ± 0.433) (n = 13); cauda W (at centre between dilatations),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D14E5C5361E8FC9CFBBCFC96" box="[1021,1081,870,894]" degrees="0.023" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" precision="55" value="0.023">0.023</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D14E5C53662FFC9CFB06FC96" box="[1082,1155,870,894]" degrees="0.031" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" precision="55" value="-0.031">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C53662FFC9CFBC2FC96" box="[1082,1095,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.031
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.026 ± 0.003) (n = 15). AzOrL,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D14E5C53602EFC73FDF2FC49" box="[571,631,905,929]" degrees="0.055" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" precision="55" value="0.055">0.055</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D14E5C536062FC73FD45FC49" box="[631,704,905,929]" degrees="0.069" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" precision="55" value="-0.069">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C536062FC73FD01FC49" box="[631,644,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.069
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.063 ± 0.005); AzOrW,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D14E5C5361E8FC73FBBCFC49" box="[1021,1081,905,929]" degrees="0.043" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" precision="55" value="0.043">0.043</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D14E5C53662FFC73FB06FC49" box="[1082,1155,905,929]" degrees="0.057" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" precision="55" value="-0.057">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C53662FFC73FBC2FC49" box="[1082,1095,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.057
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.052 ± 0.004) (n = 18). Ovicelled zooid exclusive of ovicell: L, 0.15; W, 0.14 (n = 1). OvL exclusive of marginal lamina, 0.15; OvW, 0.13 (n = 1). Zooeciule L,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D14E5C5361E8FC34FBBCFC0E" box="[1021,1081,974,998]" degrees="0.060" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" precision="55" value="0.06">0.060</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D14E5C53662FFC34FB06FC0E" box="[1082,1155,974,998]" degrees="0.085" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" precision="55" value="-0.085">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C53662FFC34FBC2FC0E" box="[1082,1095,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.085
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.075 ± 0.07) (n = 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14E5C5362B5FBCFFEA3FBA7" blockId="34.[160,1156,1077,1727]" box="[160,294,1077,1103]" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14E5C5362B5FBCFFEA3FBA7" box="[160,294,1077,1103]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5362B5FBCFFEA3FBA7" bold="true" box="[160,294,1077,1103]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14E5C5262B5FBA0FD37FE36" blockId="34.[160,1156,1077,1727]" lastBlockId="35.[160,1156,142,478]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">
|
||
Colony unilaminar, encrusting, composed of zooids in branching uniserial series; zooidal dilatations (hereafter,
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C53638CFB86FE1AFB7C" box="[409,415,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">‘</emphasis>
|
||
zooids
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5363F2FB86FE68FB7C" box="[487,493,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">’</emphasis>
|
||
) connected by narrow, stolon-like caudae (hereafter,
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C53665BFB86FBD1FB7C" box="[1102,1108,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">‘</emphasis>
|
||
caudae
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5362DCFB65FF4AFB5F" box="[201,207,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">’</emphasis>
|
||
) to form branching (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14E5C5363C3FB65FDCDFB5F" box="[470,584,1183,1207]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[159,224,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidaldilatations,or ‘zooids’ (arrowheads),linkedbylongcaudalportion,or ‘stolon’;(c)NHMUK2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz)from the lateral margin;(g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections;(h) NSMT-Te 1082,presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanningelectronmicroscopicimages;the specimensin panels(c)to(e)werelightlybleached.Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994831/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) and sometimes anastomosing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14E5C5361E5FB65FBE5FB5F" box="[1008,1120,1183,1207]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[159,224,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidaldilatations,or ‘zooids’ (arrowheads),linkedbylongcaudalportion,or ‘stolon’;(c)NHMUK2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz)from the lateral margin;(g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections;(h) NSMT-Te 1082,presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanningelectronmicroscopicimages;the specimensin panels(c)to(e)werelightlybleached.Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994831/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) network spreading over broad areas of substratum relative to zooid size; cauda often long, up to 6 times length of zooid. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14E5C53608EFB1FFC82FB15" box="[667,775,1253,1277]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[159,224,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidaldilatations,or ‘zooids’ (arrowheads),linkedbylongcaudalportion,or ‘stolon’;(c)NHMUK2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz)from the lateral margin;(g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections;(h) NSMT-Te 1082,presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanningelectronmicroscopicimages;the specimensin panels(c)to(e)werelightlybleached.Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994831/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
(b
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C536109FB1EFCACFB14" box="[796,809,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">–</emphasis>
|
||
d, h)) hyaline, elongate-oval in outline. Frontal wall transversely convex, with transverse striae; cancelli evident between striae on unworn zooids, giving a lattice pattern; striae proximal to orifice angled proximally in chevron pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14E5C536006FAB7FD00FA8D" box="[531,645,1357,1381]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[159,224,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidaldilatations,or ‘zooids’ (arrowheads),linkedbylongcaudalportion,or ‘stolon’;(c)NHMUK2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz)from the lateral margin;(g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections;(h) NSMT-Te 1082,presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanningelectronmicroscopicimages;the specimensin panels(c)to(e)werelightlybleached.Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994831/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
(d, e)). Rounded median keel extends from proximal margin of orifice at least to middle of zooid and often to proximal end. Zooids produce up to three daughter zooids, one distally and one from each lateral margin; lateral daughter zooid may be produced only on one side. Some zooids produce zooeciule from proximolateral margin on one or both sides; zooeciules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14E5C5361C3FA2DFBC6FA07" box="[982,1091,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[159,224,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidaldilatations,or ‘zooids’ (arrowheads),linkedbylongcaudalportion,or ‘stolon’;(c)NHMUK2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz)from the lateral margin;(g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections;(h) NSMT-Te 1082,presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanningelectronmicroscopicimages;the specimensin panels(c)to(e)werelightlybleached.Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994831/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
(d, h)) short, cylindrical, roughly same diameter as caudae, length about one-half zooid width; opening circular and usually turned frontally. Zooeciules generally uncommon, but zooids lacking zooeciules may show a zooecium scar
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5360EFF9C5FC82F9BF" box="[762,775,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">–</emphasis>
|
||
a small, circular external opening
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14E5C5362B5F998FF28F992" box="[160,173,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">–</emphasis>
|
||
proximolaterally on one or both sides. Orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14E5C5360D2F998FCB1F992" box="[711,820,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[159,224,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidaldilatations,or ‘zooids’ (arrowheads),linkedbylongcaudalportion,or ‘stolon’;(c)NHMUK2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz)from the lateral margin;(g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections;(h) NSMT-Te 1082,presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanningelectronmicroscopicimages;the specimensin panels(c)to(e)werelightlybleached.Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994831/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
(d, e)) raised; oriented parallel to frontal plane; longer than broad; with deep, U-shaped sinus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14E5C536163F97FFC64F975" box="[886,993,1669,1693]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[159,224,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidaldilatations,or ‘zooids’ (arrowheads),linkedbylongcaudalportion,or ‘stolon’;(c)NHMUK2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz)from the lateral margin;(g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections;(h) NSMT-Te 1082,presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanningelectronmicroscopicimages;the specimensin panels(c)to(e)werelightlybleached.Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994831/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="175">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)) flanked by small brackets; small, knob-like condyles in angles of sinus brackets; small, circular pseudopore in orificial rim just proximal to sinus. Ovicelled zooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14F5C52618DFF74FB81FF4E" box="[920,1028,142,166]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[159,224,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidaldilatations,or ‘zooids’ (arrowheads),linkedbylongcaudalportion,or ‘stolon’;(c)NHMUK2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz)from the lateral margin;(g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections;(h) NSMT-Te 1082,presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanningelectronmicroscopicimages;the specimensin panels(c)to(e)werelightlybleached.Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994831/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)) budded distolaterally from autozooid on one side only (n = 5); zooid exclusive of ovicell less than half as long as autozooid, connected by a short cauda; orifice D-shaped, with broad, shallow sinus. Ovicell closed by operculum; surrounded by calcified marginal lamina. Smooth ectooecium appears to bear small central pseudopore and sometimes has a median carina. Lateral pore chambers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14F5C526074FEC6FD4BFEBC" box="[609,718,316,340]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[159,224,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidaldilatations,or ‘zooids’ (arrowheads),linkedbylongcaudalportion,or ‘stolon’;(c)NHMUK2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz)from the lateral margin;(g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections;(h) NSMT-Te 1082,presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanningelectronmicroscopicimages;the specimensin panels(c)to(e)werelightlybleached.Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994831/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
(g)) leading to autozooidal caudae are large, conical. We were unable to observe form of pores or pore chambers leading to zooeciules. Distal communication pore single, median. Presumed ancestrula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14F5C526602FE7BFB06FE71" box="[1047,1155,385,409]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="33.[159,224,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[178,1138,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidaldilatations,or ‘zooids’ (arrowheads),linkedbylongcaudalportion,or ‘stolon’;(c)NHMUK2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz)from the lateral margin;(g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections;(h) NSMT-Te 1082,presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanningelectronmicroscopicimages;the specimensin panels(c)to(e)werelightlybleached.Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994831/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
(h)) kenozooidal (hemispherical, without orifice), giving rise to single daughter zooid similar to but smaller than subsequent zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD14F5C5462B5FDF1FB9CFEE6" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14F5C5262B5FDF1FE83FDCD" blockId="35.[160,1157,523,1727]" box="[160,262,523,549]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14F5C5262B5FDF1FE83FDCD" box="[160,262,523,549]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5262B5FDF1FE83FDCD" bold="true" box="[160,262,523,549]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14F5C5262B5FDD5FBFCFCFF" blockId="35.[160,1157,523,1727]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14F5C5262B5FDD5FECCFDAF" author="Gordon DP" box="[160,329,559,583]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref61690" refString="Gordon DP. 1984. The marine fauna of New Zealand: bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec ridge. N Z Oceanogr Inst Mem. 91: 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided descriptions for and summarised differences among Pacific species of uniserial
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C526396FDA8FE73FD82" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1821" box="[387,502,594,618]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C526396FDA8FE73FD82" box="[387,502,594,618]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">Hippothoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having zooids with a long cauda, including
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5261EBFDA8FB06FD82" box="[1022,1155,594,618]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">H. flagellum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14F5C5262B5FD8FFEC2FD65" author="Manzoni A" box="[160,327,629,653]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" pagination="323 - 349" refId="ref63747" refString="Manzoni A. 1870. Bryozoi Pliocenici Italiani. Quarta contribuuzione. Sitzber Akad Wiss Wien (Abt 1). 61: 323 - 349. Italian." type="journal article" year="1870">Manzoni, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C526343FD8FFD17FD65" authority="Gordon, 1984" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1984" box="[342,658,629,653]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="calciophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C526343FD8FFE69FD65" box="[342,492,629,653]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">H. calciophila</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14F5C5263E3FD8FFD17FD65" author="Gordon DP" box="[502,658,629,653]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref61690" refString="Gordon DP. 1984. The marine fauna of New Zealand: bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec ridge. N Z Oceanogr Inst Mem. 91: 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C5260B4FD8FFC62FD65" authority="MacGillivray, 1869" authorityName="MacGillivray" authorityYear="1869" box="[673,999,629,653]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5260B4FD8FFC8AFD65" box="[673,783,629,653]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">H. distans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14F5C52610CFD8FFC62FD65" author="MacGillivray PH" box="[793,999,629,653]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" pagination="126 - 148" refId="ref63707" refString="MacGillivray PH. 1869. Descriptions of some new genera and species of Australian Polyzoa; to which is added a list of species found in Victoria. T P Roy Soc Victoria. 9: 126 - 148." type="journal article" year="1869">MacGillivray, 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C5261E3FD8FFD27FD47" authority="Gordon, 1984" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1984" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="divaricata" subSpecies="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5261E3FD8FFB06FD65" box="[1014,1155,629,653]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">H. divaricata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14F5C5262B5FD6DFEE2FD47" author="Lamouroux JVF" box="[160,359,663,687]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" pagination="63" refId="ref63427" refString="Lamouroux JVF. 1821. Exposition methodique des genres de l ' ordre des polypiers, avec leur description et celles des principales especes, figurees dans 84 planches; les 63 premieres apartenant a 1 ' Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes d ' Ellis et Solander. Paris: V. Agasse. French." type="journal article" year="1821">Lamouroux, 1821</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5263B3FD6DFE7FFD47" box="[422,506,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14F5C526010FD6DFD27FD47" author="Gordon DP" box="[517,674,663,687]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref61690" refString="Gordon DP. 1984. The marine fauna of New Zealand: bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec ridge. N Z Oceanogr Inst Mem. 91: 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C5260FDFD6DFBB6FD47" authority="Gordon, 1984" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1984" box="[744,1075,663,687]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="peristomata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5260FDFD6DFC09FD47" box="[744,908,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">H. peristomata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14F5C526183FD6DFBB6FD47" author="Gordon DP" box="[918,1075,663,687]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref61690" refString="Gordon DP. 1984. The marine fauna of New Zealand: bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec ridge. N Z Oceanogr Inst Mem. 91: 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14F5C5262EAFD40FDA6FD3A" author="Ryland JS & Gordon DP" box="[255,547,698,722]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" pagination="17 - 49" refId="ref64787" refString="Ryland JS, Gordon DP. 1977. Some New Zealand and British species of Hippothoa (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata). J Roy Soc NZ. 7: 17 - 49." type="journal article" year="1977">Ryland and Gordon 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14F5C526027FD40FCEDFD3A" author="Gordon DP & Hastings AB" box="[562,872,698,722]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" pagination="561 - 579" refId="ref61831" refString="Gordon DP, Hastings AB. 1979. The interzooidal communications of Hippothoa sensu lato (Polyzoa) and their value in classification. J Nat Hist. 13: 561 - 579." type="journal article" year="1979">Gordon and Hastings 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14F5C526162FD40FB9CFD3A" author="Hastings AB" box="[887,1049,698,722]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" pagination="535 - 560" refId="ref62419" refString="Hastings AB. 1979. The genus Hippothoa Lamouroux [Polyzoa (Bryozoa) Cheilostomata]. J Nat Hist. 13: 535 - 560." type="journal article" year="1979">Hastings 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14F5C52663DFD40FF52FD1C" author="Moyano HI" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" pagination="89 - 135" refId="ref63964" refString="Moyano HI. 1986. Bryozoa marinos Chilenos VI. Cheilostomata Hippothoidae: south eastern Pacific species. Bol Soc Biol Concepcion. 57: 89 - 135. Spanish." type="journal article" year="1986">Moyano 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have also provided information on this group, and here we mention only a few key characters distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C5263E7FD05FD05FCFF" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[498,640,767,791]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="petrophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5263E7FD05FD05FCFF" box="[498,640,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">H. petrophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from these other uniserial, caudate species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14F5C5262D5FCD8FC30FB14" blockId="35.[160,1157,523,1727]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C5262D5FCD8FE2EFCD2" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[192,427,802,826]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="petrophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5262D5FCD8FE2EFCD2" box="[192,427,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">Hippothoa petrophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is defined by the following suite of characters: small dilatations (~
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D14F5C5262A6FCBEFE88FCB4" box="[179,269,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long); long caudae, up to 6 times dilatation length; frontal wall with keel and transverse striations; cruciate branching pattern, although not all zooids produce a daughter cauda on both sides; a large, conical pore chamber and smaller pore or pore chamber in each lateral wall, with the former giving rise to a daughter cauda and the latter to a zooeciule (some zooids have a large pore chamber only on one side; zooeciules and presumably the connections that give rise to them may be present on one side only, or lacking); a single distal communication pore, as occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C5261E5FBEEFB06FBC4" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1984" box="[1008,1155,1044,1068]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="calciophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5261E5FBEEFB06FBC4" box="[1008,1155,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">H. calciophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5262CCFBCDFEE7FBA7" box="[217,354,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">H. flagellum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14F5C526363FBCDFD97FBA7" author="Gordon DP" box="[374,530,1079,1103]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref61690" refString="Gordon DP. 1984. The marine fauna of New Zealand: bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec ridge. N Z Oceanogr Inst Mem. 91: 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 109, fig. 10(a, d)); ovicelled zooids smaller than autozooids and connected to the latter by a short cauda; ovicell with a thickened marginal lamina; and a kenozooidal ancestrula, without orifice, giving rise to a single daughter zooid.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C526377FB65FDD5FB5F" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[354,592,1183,1207]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="petrophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C526377FB65FDD5FB5F" box="[354,592,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">Hippothoa petrophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also appears to preferentially inhabit bare rock substrata; in our samples, it occurred only on small patches of rock not encrusted with coralline algae or heavily encrusted with other calcareous organisms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14F5C5262D5FAFDFC3CF957" blockId="35.[160,1157,523,1727]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">
|
||
Uniserial, caudate congeners differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C52608BFAFDFC09FAF7" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[670,908,1287,1311]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="petrophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C52608BFAFDFC09FAF7" box="[670,908,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">Hippothoa petrophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the following key characters (other characters may differ as well).
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5260D6FAD0FC20FAAA" box="[707,933,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C5260D6FAD0FCB3FAAA" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1821" box="[707,822,1322,1346]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Hippothoa</taxonomicName>
|
||
flagellum
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has smooth zooids lacking a keel, and only one pore chamber in each lateral wall (zooeciules replace daughter caudae, rather than supplement them).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C5260C2FA95FC25FA6F" authorityName="MacGillivray" authorityYear="1869" box="[727,928,1391,1415]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5260C2FA95FC25FA6F" box="[727,928,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">Hippothoa distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has smooth zooids, ovicelled zooids larger than autozooids, a perforate central area on the ovicell, and a tatiform rather than a kenozooidal ancestrula.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C5260A8FA4EFC2AFA24" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1984" box="[701,943,1460,1484]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="calciophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5260A8FA4EFC2AFA24" box="[701,943,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">Hippothoa calciophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has longer dilatations (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D14F5C5262FDFA2DFE08FA07" box="[232,397,1495,1519]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" unit="mm" value="0.385" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.37">
|
||
0.37
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C52630DFA2DFEA0FA07" box="[280,293,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.40 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
), generally shorter caudae and ovicelled zooids as large as autozooids.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C5262E2FA00FE5AF9FA" box="[247,479,1530,1554]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="divaricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5262E2FA00FE5AF9FA" box="[247,479,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">Hippothoa divaricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has ovicelled zooids about as large as autozooids, and has two distal communication pores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14F5C52600EF9E7FD35F9DD" author="Gordon DP" box="[539,688,1565,1589]" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref61690" refString="Gordon DP. 1984. The marine fauna of New Zealand: bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec ridge. N Z Oceanogr Inst Mem. 91: 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 109, fig. 10(c)).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C526193F9E7FB01F9DD" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1984" box="[902,1156,1565,1589]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="peristomata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C526193F9E7FB01F9DD" box="[902,1156,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">Hippothoa peristomata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has somewhat larger dilatations, a shallow orificial sinus flanked proximally by a pair of low tubercles, and only one pore chamber in each lateral wall, and apparently lacks zooeciules; while ovicelled zooids are smaller than autozooids as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14F5C5261ABF97FFBCBF975" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[958,1102,1669,1693]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="petrophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14F5C5261ABF97FFBCBF975" box="[958,1102,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="176">H. petrophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the ovicell lacks the thick surrounding marginal lamina seen in the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1485C5562D5FF74FBC4FE54" blockId="36.[160,1156,142,444]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D1485C556368FF74FE4DFF4E" box="[381,456,142,166]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island identified as
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1485C5560BCFF74FCA9FF4E" box="[681,812,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">H. flagellum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1485C55612CFF74FC62FF4E" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[825,999,142,166]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) may actually be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1485C5562D0FF4BFED6FF21" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[197,339,177,201]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hippothoidae" genus="Hippothoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="petrophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1485C5562D0FF4BFED6FF21" box="[197,339,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">H. petrophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the Hawaiian population, colonies are attached to rock substrata, as they were on Minna Island in our study area, and show the following additional similarities to Okinawan material: the dilatations have transverse striations and a median keel; the orifice is similar in position and shape, with a deep, U-shaped proximal sinus; caudae can be up to several times as long as dilatations; ovicelled zooids are smaller than autozooids and budded distolaterally; the ovicell has a thick marginal lamina; and zooeciules are present. The nature of the interzooidal connections and distribution of zooeciules need to be reexamined in Hawaiian specimens to check their identity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1485C5562B5FE13FEA1FDEB" blockId="36.[160,1156,489,584]" box="[160,292,489,515]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1485C5562B5FE13FEA1FDEB" box="[160,292,489,515]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1485C5562B5FE13FEA1FDEB" bold="true" box="[160,292,489,515]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1485C5562B5FDF7FB01FDA0" blockId="36.[160,1156,489,584]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">This species was common at the MIN site, the only known locality. Its actual abundance was difficult to document, because colonies are composed of small, widely spaced zooids.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1485C5563B1FD88FC1AFD63" blockId="36.[339,976,626,755]" box="[420,927,626,651]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1485C5563EFFD88FC1AFD63" authority="Vigneaux, 1949" authorityName="Vigneaux" authorityYear="1949" box="[506,927,626,651]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chorizoporidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1485C5563EFFD88FD64FD63" bold="true" box="[506,737,626,651]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">CHORIZOPORIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1485C5560FFFD88FC1AFD63" author="Vigneaux M" box="[746,927,626,651]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 153" refId="ref65981" refString="Vigneaux M. 1949. Revision des Bryozoaires neogenes du Bassin d ' Aquitaine et essai de classification. Mem Soc Geol Fr New Ser. 28: 1 - 153." type="book chapter" year="1949">Vigneaux, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1485C5563D8FD6EFCD3FD45" blockId="36.[339,976,626,755]" box="[461,854,660,685]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1485C556035FD6EFCD3FD45" authority="Hincks, 1879" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1879" box="[544,854,660,685]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chorizoporidae" genus="Chorizopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1485C556035FD6EFD32FD45" bold="true" box="[544,695,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">Chorizopora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1485C5560D4FD6EFCD3FD45" author="Hincks T" box="[705,854,660,685]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" pagination="153 - 164" refId="ref62595" refString="Hincks T. 1879. On the classification of the British Polyzoa. Ann Mag Nat Hist Series 5. 3: 153 - 164." type="journal article" year="1879">Hincks, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1485C556346FD4DFC55FD38" blockId="36.[339,976,626,755]" box="[339,976,695,720]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1485C556346FD4DFCC8FD38" authority="(Audouin, 1826)" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[339,845,695,720]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chorizoporidae" genus="Chorizopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="brongniartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1485C556346FD4DFD02FD38" bold="true" box="[339,647,695,720]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" reason="3">Chorizopora brongniartii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1485C556083FD4DFCC0FD38" author="Audouin JV" box="[662,837,695,720]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" pagination="225 - 244" refId="ref60257" refString="Audouin JV. 1826. Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l ' Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny [Planches 1 - 14 by J-C Savigny (1817)]. In: Audouin JV, editor. Description de l ' Egypte, ou receuil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l ' Expedition de l ' Armee francaise, publie par les orders de sa majeste l ' Empereur Napoleon le Grand. Histoire naturelle, Tome 1, 4 e partie. Paris: Imprimerie Imperiale; p. 225 - 244." type="book chapter" year="1826">Audouin, 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD1485C556142FD4DFC55FD38" box="[855,976,695,720]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1485C556026FD20FD75FD1B" blockId="36.[339,976,626,755]" box="[563,752,730,755]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1485C55602EFD20FD2EFD1B" box="[571,683,730,755]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="36.[160,225,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,900,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[177,1138,900,1556]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 11. (a, b) Chorizopora brongniartii (Audouin) sensu lato, NSMT-Te 1084: (a) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and kenozooids; (b) autozooidal orifices. (c) Poricella spathulata (Canu and Bassler), NSMT-Te 1085: autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and developing ooecium. (d) Exechonella sp. A, NSMT-Te 1086: autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm; d = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994833/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1485C5562B5FCF5FE00FCCF" blockId="36.[160,1023,782,841]" box="[160,389,782,807]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">Indo-Pacific records:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1485C5562B5FCCBFC7AFCA1" blockId="36.[160,1023,782,841]" box="[160,1023,817,841]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1485C5562B5FCCBFC87FCA1" authority=": Canu and Bassler 1930, p. 14" authorityName="Canu and Bassler" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1930" box="[160,770,817,841]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chorizoporidae" genus="Chorizopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brongniarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1485C5562B5FCCBFE2DFCA1" box="[160,424,817,841]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">Chorizopora brongniarti</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1485C5563A3FCCBFD3CFCA1" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[438,697,817,841]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref60947" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1930. The Bryozoan fauna of the Galapagos Islands. Proc US Nat Mus. 76: 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1930">Canu and Bassler 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 14
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1485C55611BFCCBFC37FCA1" author="Sakakura K" box="[782,946,817,841]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref64903" refString="Sakakura K. 1935. Pliocene and Pleistocene Bryozoa from the Boso Peninsula. (1). J Fac Sci Imp Univ Tokyo Sec II. 4: 1 - 48, Plates 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1935">Sakakura 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 18.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD1485C5562B5F9C9FB01F957" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994833" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994833/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" startId="36.[160,225,1587,1610]" targetBox="[177,1137,900,1556]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1485C5562B5F9C9FB01F957" blockId="36.[160,1156,1587,1727]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1485C5562B5F9C9FE82F9A2" bold="true" box="[160,263,1587,1610]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
(a, b)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1485C55635DF9C9FD1EF9A2" authority="(Audouin)" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[328,667,1587,1610]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chorizoporidae" genus="Chorizopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="brongniartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1485C55635DF9C9FDB6F9A2" box="[328,563,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">Chorizopora brongniartii</emphasis>
|
||
(Audouin)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD1485C5560B7F9C9FC8DF9A2" box="[674,776,1587,1610]" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1084: (a) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and kenozooids; (b) autozooidal orifices. (c)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1485C556626F9AAFE56F96C" authority="(Canu and Bassler)" baseAuthorityName="Canu and Bassler" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnopusiidae" genus="Poricella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spathulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1485C556626F9AAFE83F96C" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">Poricella spathulata</emphasis>
|
||
(Canu and Bassler)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1085: autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and developing ooecium. (d)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1485C556332F971FE12F94A" authorityName="Duvergier" authorityYear="1924" box="[295,407,1675,1698]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Exechonellidae" genus="Exechonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1485C556332F971FE12F94A" box="[295,407,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="177">Exechonella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. A, NSMT-Te 1086: autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm; d = 400 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1495C5462B5FF74FB9CFEE6" blockId="37.[160,1156,142,270]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1495C5462B5FF74FD26FF4E" authority=": Gordon 1984, p. 113" authorityName=": Gordon" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="1984" box="[160,675,142,166]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chorizoporidae" genus="Chorizopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brongniartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C5462B5FF74FE28FF4E" box="[160,429,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">Chorizopora brongniartii</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C5463AFFF74FDC8FF4E" author="Gordon DP" box="[442,589,142,166]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref61690" refString="Gordon DP. 1984. The marine fauna of New Zealand: bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec ridge. N Z Oceanogr Inst Mem. 91: 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 113
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 44C.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C546112FF74FC2CFF4E" author="Hayward PJ" box="[775,937,142,166]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 326.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C54661CFF74FEAAFF21" author="Scholz J & Cusi MAV" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" pagination="405 - 431" refId="ref64997" refString="Scholz J, Cusi MAV. 1991. Paleoecologic implications of modern coral and bryozoan communities from southern Leyte, Philippines. Mitt Geol Palaeontol Inst Univ Hamburg. 71: 405 - 431." type="journal article" year="1991">Scholz and Cusi 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 412, pl. 3, fig. 4.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C546008FF4BFCCFFF21" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[541,842,177,201]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 249, fig. 13(c).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C546635FF4BFF72FF04" author="Liu X & Yin X & Ma J" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" refId="ref63599" refString="Liu X, Yin X, Ma J. 2001. Biology of marine-fouling bryozoans in the coastal waters of China. Beijing: Science Press." type="book" year="2001">Liu et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 540, pl. 36, figs 5 and 6;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C546020FF2EFC88FF04" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[565,781,212,236]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 64, fig. 8(c).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C5461D5FF2EFBFBFF04" author="Kaselowsky JT" box="[960,1150,212,236]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" refId="ref63216" refString="Kaselowsky JT. 2004. Taxonomie und Wuchsformen laminar-inkrustierender Bryozoen aus Japan und Neuseeland im latitudinalen Vergleich [PhD dissertation]. Heidelberg: Ruprecht Karls University; 154 p. German." type="book" year="2004">Kaselowsky 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 62.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C546312FF0CFE27FEE6" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[263,418,246,270]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 102, pl. 17B
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C546046FF0CFDE5FEE6" box="[595,608,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">–</emphasis>
|
||
D.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C546095FF0CFCB4FEE6" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[640,817,246,270]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2217, fig. 7(c, d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1495C5462B5FEC0FD42FE9E" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1495C5462B5FEC0FE05FEBC" blockId="37.[160,711,314,374]" box="[160,384,314,340]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1495C5462B5FEC0FE05FEBC" box="[160,384,314,340]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C5462B5FEC0FE05FEBC" bold="true" box="[160,384,314,340]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1495C5462B5FEA4FD42FE9E" blockId="37.[160,711,314,374]" box="[160,711,350,374]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1084 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1495C546346FEA4FE08FE9E" box="[339,397,350,374]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
32), bleached, on SEM stub.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1495C5462B5FE58FE38FB14" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1495C5462B5FE58FEC8FE54" blockId="37.[160,1157,418,617]" box="[160,333,418,444]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1495C5462B5FE58FEC8FE54" box="[160,333,418,444]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C5462B5FE58FEC8FE54" bold="true" box="[160,333,418,444]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1495C5462B5FE3DFC05FD81" blockId="37.[160,1157,418,617]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">
|
||
AzL, 0.34
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C546312FE3CFE91FE36" box="[263,276,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.44 (0.388 ± 0.029); AzW, 0.24
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C54606FFE3CFD02FE36" box="[634,647,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.31 (0.268 ± 0.019) (n = 15, 1). OrL,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1495C54662FFE3DFBF3FE37" box="[1082,1142,455,479]" degrees="0.055" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" precision="55" value="0.055">0.055</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1495C546663FE3CFF59FDE9" degrees="0.067" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" precision="55" value="-0.067">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C546663FE3CFB06FE36" box="[1142,1155,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.067
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.061 ± 0.004); OrW,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1495C5463FDFE13FDA1FDE9" box="[488,548,489,513]" degrees="0.083" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" precision="55" value="0.083">0.083</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1495C546031FE13FDEBFDE9" box="[548,622,489,513]" degrees="0.099" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" precision="55" value="-0.099">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C546031FE13FDB4FDE9" box="[548,561,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.099
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.092 ± 0.005) (n = 15, 1). Average OvZOrL, 0.063; OvZOrW, 0.103 (n = 3, 1). AvL,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1495C546073FDF6FD27FDCC" box="[614,674,524,548]" degrees="0.073" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" precision="55" value="0.073">0.073</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1495C5460B7FDF6FD6EFDCC" box="[674,747,524,548]" degrees="0.089" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" precision="55" value="-0.089">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C5460B7FDF6FD2AFDCC" box="[674,687,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.089
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.081 ± 0.005); AvW,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1495C5461E8FDF6FBBCFDCC" box="[1021,1081,524,548]" degrees="0.083" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" precision="55" value="0.083">0.083</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1495C54662FFDF6FB06FDCC" box="[1082,1155,524,548]" degrees="0.108" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" precision="55" value="-0.108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C54662FFDF6FBC2FDCC" box="[1082,1095,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.108
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.096 ± 0.007) (n = 15, 1). OvL,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1495C546058FDD5FD0CFDAF" box="[589,649,559,583]" degrees="0.208" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" precision="55" value="0.208">0.208</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1495C54609FFDD4FD56FDAF" box="[650,723,558,583]" degrees="0.209" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" precision="55" value="-0.209">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C54609FFDD4FD12FDAE" box="[650,663,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.209
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.208 ± 0.001); OvW,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1495C5461E8FDD5FBBCFDAF" box="[1021,1081,559,583]" degrees="0.162" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" precision="55" value="0.162">0.162</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1495C54662FFDD4FB06FDAF" box="[1082,1155,558,583]" degrees="0.172" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" precision="55" value="-0.172">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C54662FFDD4FBC2FDAE" box="[1082,1095,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.172
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.168 ± 0.005) (n = 3, 1). Largest colony observed
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1495C5460FDFDABFCAEFD81" box="[744,811,593,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
across.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1495C5462B5FD6FFEA3FD47" blockId="37.[160,1156,661,1276]" box="[160,294,661,687]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1495C5462B5FD6FFEA3FD47" box="[160,294,661,687]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C5462B5FD6FFEA3FD47" bold="true" box="[160,294,661,687]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1495C5462B5FD40FE38FB14" blockId="37.[160,1156,661,1276]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">
|
||
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1495C54613CFD40FC16FD3A" box="[809,915,698,722]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="36.[160,225,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,900,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[177,1138,900,1556]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 11. (a, b) Chorizopora brongniartii (Audouin) sensu lato, NSMT-Te 1084: (a) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and kenozooids; (b) autozooidal orifices. (c) Poricella spathulata (Canu and Bassler), NSMT-Te 1085: autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and developing ooecium. (d) Exechonella sp. A, NSMT-Te 1086: autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm; d = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994833/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) vitreous, translucent; distinct, separated by shallow groove and interzooidal foramina between tubular connections; variable in outline. Frontal wall gymnocystal, moderately convex, with smooth texture and shallow transverse ribbing; ribbing chevron-shaped distal to small mammillate umbo. Umbo approximately in centre of zooid, separated from proximal orificial margin by distance greater than orifice length. Orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1495C54618DFC9DFB83FC97" box="[920,1030,871,895]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="36.[160,225,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,900,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[177,1138,900,1556]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 11. (a, b) Chorizopora brongniartii (Audouin) sensu lato, NSMT-Te 1084: (a) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and kenozooids; (b) autozooidal orifices. (c) Poricella spathulata (Canu and Bassler), NSMT-Te 1085: autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and developing ooecium. (d) Exechonella sp. A, NSMT-Te 1086: autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm; d = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994833/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) raised; broader than long; widest in middle, recurving to meet straight proximal margin; condyles lacking. Orifice weakly dimorphic; that of ovicelled zooids slightly but discernably broader than that of non-ovicelled zooids. Small, roughly triangular kenozooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1495C5462B2FC08FE95FBE2" box="[167,272,1010,1034]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="36.[160,225,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,900,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[177,1138,900,1556]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 11. (a, b) Chorizopora brongniartii (Audouin) sensu lato, NSMT-Te 1084: (a) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and kenozooids; (b) autozooidal orifices. (c) Poricella spathulata (Canu and Bassler), NSMT-Te 1085: autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and developing ooecium. (d) Exechonella sp. A, NSMT-Te 1086: autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm; d = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994833/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b)) proximal to most zooids; central, marginated frontal opening of variable shape. Small interzooidal avicularium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1495C546049FBEEFD42FBC4" box="[604,711,1044,1068]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="36.[160,225,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,900,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[177,1138,900,1556]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 11. (a, b) Chorizopora brongniartii (Audouin) sensu lato, NSMT-Te 1084: (a) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and kenozooids; (b) autozooidal orifices. (c) Poricella spathulata (Canu and Bassler), NSMT-Te 1085: autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and developing ooecium. (d) Exechonella sp. A, NSMT-Te 1086: autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm; d = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994833/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) distal to each zooid; rostrum oval, angled at about 45° to frontal plane, with small distal hook; crossbar complete; opesial area proximal to crossbar semicircular; mandible rounded-triangular. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1495C546602FBA0FB06FB9A" box="[1047,1155,1114,1138]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="36.[160,225,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,900,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[177,1138,900,1556]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 11. (a, b) Chorizopora brongniartii (Audouin) sensu lato, NSMT-Te 1084: (a) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and kenozooids; (b) autozooidal orifices. (c) Poricella spathulata (Canu and Bassler), NSMT-Te 1085: autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and developing ooecium. (d) Exechonella sp. A, NSMT-Te 1086: autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm; d = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994833/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) hyperstomial, conspicuous; opening with thickened rim; closed by operculum. Ooecium longer than broad, and associated with distal avicularium; ectooecium with longitudinal ribbing following ovicell contour; pseudopores lacking. Spines lacking. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1495C5762B5FAD2FC72FC08" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1495C5462B5FAD2FE83FAAA" blockId="37.[160,1156,1320,1727]" box="[160,262,1320,1346]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1495C5462B5FAD2FE83FAAA" box="[160,262,1320,1346]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C5462B5FAD2FE83FAAA" bold="true" box="[160,262,1320,1346]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1495C5762B5FAB7FC84FE9E" blockId="37.[160,1156,1320,1727]" lastBlockId="38.[160,1156,142,374]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">
|
||
Various authors (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C546391FAB7FD96FA8D" author="Gordon DP" box="[388,531,1357,1381]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref61690" refString="Gordon DP. 1984. The marine fauna of New Zealand: bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec ridge. N Z Oceanogr Inst Mem. 91: 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C54600AFAB7FCB9FA8D" author="Hayward PJ & Ryland JS" box="[543,828,1357,1381]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" refId="ref62559" refString="Hayward PJ, Ryland JS. 1999. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, part 2, Hippothooidea - Celleporoidea. 2 nd ed. London: Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Brackish-Water Sciences Association." type="book" year="1999">Hayward and Ryland 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C546152FAB7FB92FA8D" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[839,1047,1357,1381]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C546637FAB7FEFAFA6F" author="Hayward PJ & McKinney FK" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 139" refId="ref62499" refString="Hayward PJ, McKinney FK. 2002. Northern Adriatic Bryozoa from the vicinity of Rovinj, Croatia. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 270: 1 - 139." type="journal article" year="2002">Hayward and McKinney 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1495C546046FA95FCD8FA6F" authorityName=": Gordon" authorityYear="1984" box="[595,861,1391,1415]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chorizoporidae" genus="Chorizopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brongniartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C546046FA95FCD8FA6F" box="[595,861,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">Chorizopora brongniartii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to have a worldwide distribution in temperate to tropical waters. Due to the improbability of populations maintaining genetic continuity over vast areas (such as between the Atlantic and Pacific), however, this nominal species undoubtedly represents a species complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C54661EFA2DFF53F9FA" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C5462F7FA00FEFDF9FA" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[226,376,1530,1554]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with small but consistent differences among geographically separate populations representing interspecific variation. Various Pacific populations identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1495C54667AF9E7FE98F9BF" authorityName=": Gordon" authorityYear="1984" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chorizoporidae" genus="Chorizopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brongniartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C54667AF9E7FE98F9BF" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">C. brongniartii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show such distinguishing characters. In specimens from Hawaii Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C546647F9C5FE9AF992" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the avicularium typically associated with the ovicell is lacking or highly reduced; zooids lack a frontal tubercle; and the ancestrula differs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C546198F97FFBBBF975" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[909,1086,1669,1693]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from that reported (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1495C546354F95DFDE0F957" author="Hayward PJ & Ryland JS" box="[321,613,1703,1727]" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" refId="ref62559" refString="Hayward PJ, Ryland JS. 1999. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, part 2, Hippothooidea - Celleporoidea. 2 nd ed. London: Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Brackish-Water Sciences Association." type="book" year="1999">Hayward and Ryland 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for British
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1495C5460F3F95DFCFBF957" authorityName=": Gordon" authorityYear="1984" box="[742,894,1703,1727]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chorizoporidae" genus="Chorizopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="37" pageNumber="178" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brongniartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1495C5460F3F95DFCFBF957" box="[742,894,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="178">C. brongniartii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In specimens from the Kermadec Ridge,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14A5C576374FF74FE70FF4E" box="[353,501,142,166]" name="New Zealand" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the kenozooid proximal to zooids is often converted to an avicularium, and the frontal umbo is close to the orifice and comprises a sharp, spinous process. In a specimen from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14A5C5763EAFF2EFD37FF04" box="[511,690,212,236]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C5760ABFF2EFCD6FF04" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[702,851,212,236]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), non-ovicelled zooids have the orifice nearly as long as broad, and zooids are completely surrounded by kenozooids, some of which are replaced by small interzooidal avicularia. While our specimens from Okinawa are probably not conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14A5C576069FEC6FC0FFEBC" authority="(Audouin)" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[636,906,316,340]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chorizoporidae" genus="Chorizopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brongniartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C576069FEC6FC91FEBC" box="[636,788,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">C. brongniartii</emphasis>
|
||
(Audouin)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, their identity will best be resolved in the context of a global generic revision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C5762B5FE4AFEA1FE22" blockId="38.[160,1156,432,561]" box="[160,292,432,458]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14A5C5762B5FE4AFEA1FE22" box="[160,292,432,458]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C5762B5FE4AFEA1FE22" bold="true" box="[160,292,432,458]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C5762B5FE2EFD98FDD9" blockId="38.[160,1156,432,561]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
We detected two small colonies, both at the MIN site.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D14A5C57611AFE2EFD9CFDD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793301" country="Japan" location="Chiba Prefecture" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiba">
|
||
Nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14A5C576163FE2EFB06FE04" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[886,1155,468,492]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Chorizoporidae" genus="Chorizopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brongniartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C576163FE2EFB06FE04" box="[886,1155,468,492]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">Chorizopora brongniartii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously reported in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14A5C5763C5FE0DFD97FDE7" box="[464,530,503,527]" name="Japan" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
from the Pleistocene Jizodo Formation, Boso Peninsula,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D14A5C5762B5FDE3FED9FDD9" box="[160,348,537,561]" country="Japan" name="Chiba" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">Chiba Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C57637FFDE3FD94FDD9" author="Sakakura K" box="[362,529,537,561]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref64903" refString="Sakakura K. 1935. Pliocene and Pleistocene Bryozoa from the Boso Peninsula. (1). J Fac Sci Imp Univ Tokyo Sec II. 4: 1 - 48, Plates 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1935">Sakakura 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C576382FDA1FCF0FD7F" blockId="38.[383,940,603,767]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
Superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14A5C57603EFDA1FC29FD9C" authority="Jullien, 1888" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1888" box="[555,940,603,628]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Arachnopusioidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C57603EFDA1FC8AFD9C" bold="true" box="[555,783,603,628]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">Arachnopusioidea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C57610CFDA1FC29FD9C" author="Jullien J" box="[793,940,603,628]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref63152" refString="Jullien J. 1888. Bryozoaires. Miss Sci Cap Horn 1882 - 1883 Ser 6 Zool Part 3: 1 - 92, 15 pls." type="book chapter" year="1888">Jullien, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14A5C576011FD84FCF0FD7F" authority="Jullien, 1888" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1888" box="[516,885,638,663]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnopusiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C576011FD84FD5DFD7F" bold="true" box="[516,728,638,663]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">Arachnopusiidae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C5760F4FD84FCF0FD7F" author="Jullien J" box="[737,885,638,663]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref63152" refString="Jullien J. 1888. Bryozoaires. Miss Sci Cap Horn 1882 - 1883 Ser 6 Zool Part 3: 1 - 92, 15 pls." type="book chapter" year="1888">Jullien, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C5763F9FD5AFCB2FD51" blockId="38.[383,940,603,767]" box="[492,823,672,697]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14A5C57602AFD5AFCB2FD51" authority="Canu, 1904" authorityName="Canu" authorityYear="1904" box="[575,823,672,697]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnopusiidae" genus="Poricella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C57602AFD5AFD2CFD51" bold="true" box="[575,681,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">Poricella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C5760A7FD5AFCB2FD51" author="Canu F" box="[690,823,672,697]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" pagination="659 - 661" refId="ref60798" refString="Canu F. 1904. Contributions a l ' etude des Bryozoaires fossiles. Description de quelques Membranipores de Tunisie. Bull Soc Geol Fr (4). 3: 659 - 661. French." type="journal article" year="1904">Canu, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C57636AFD39FC21FD34" blockId="38.[383,940,603,767]" box="[383,932,707,732]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14A5C57636AFD39FC21FD34" authority="(Canu and Bassler, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Canu and Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[383,932,707,732]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnopusiidae" genus="Poricella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spathulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C57636AFD39FDF3FD34" bold="true" box="[383,630,707,732]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" reason="3">Poricella spathulata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C576090FD39FC19FD34" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[645,924,707,732]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref60918" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1929. Bryozoa of the Philippine region. Bull US Nat Mus. 100: I - XI, 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu and Bassler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C576056FD1CFD65FD17" blockId="38.[383,940,603,767]" box="[579,736,742,767]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14A5C57605EFD1CFD3CFD17" box="[587,697,742,767]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="36.[160,225,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,900,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[177,1138,900,1556]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 11. (a, b) Chorizopora brongniartii (Audouin) sensu lato, NSMT-Te 1084: (a) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and kenozooids; (b) autozooidal orifices. (c) Poricella spathulata (Canu and Bassler), NSMT-Te 1085: autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and developing ooecium. (d) Exechonella sp. A, NSMT-Te 1086: autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm; d = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994833/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
(c))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C5762B5FCE1FC27FCDB" blockId="38.[160,1156,795,992]" box="[160,930,795,819]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14A5C5762B5FCE1FD79FCDB" authority="Canu and Bassler 1929, p. 116" authorityName="Canu and Bassler" authorityPageNumber="116" authorityYear="1929" box="[160,764,795,819]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Hiantoporidae" genus="Hiantopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spathulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C5762B5FCE1FE1CFCDB" box="[160,409,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">Hiantopora spathulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C5763B7FCE1FD20FCDB" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[418,677,795,819]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref60918" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1929. Bryozoa of the Philippine region. Bull US Nat Mus. 100: I - XI, 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu and Bassler 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 116
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 11, fig. 12.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C5762B5FCC7FDAAFC90" blockId="38.[160,1156,795,992]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14A5C5762B5FCC7FD20FCBD" authority=": Cook 1977, p. 136" authorityName="Cook" authorityPageNumber="136" authorityYear="1977" box="[160,677,829,853]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Tremogasterina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spathulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C5762B5FCC7FE42FCBD" box="[160,455,829,853]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">Tremogasterina spathulata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C5763C0FCC7FDCBFCBD" author="Cook PL" box="[469,590,829,853]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" pagination="103 - 165" refId="ref61122" refString="Cook PL. 1977. The genus Tremogasterina Canu (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). B Brit Mus Nat Hist Zool. 32: 103 - 165." type="journal article" year="1977">Cook 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 136
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, text-figs 1(b) and 8(a), pl. 5A.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C576611FCC7FEE6FC90" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 249, fig. 13(e).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C5762B5FC79FBB4FC55" blockId="38.[160,1156,795,992]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14A5C5762B5FC79FD20FC73" authority=": Tilbrook et al. 2001, p. 65" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,677,899,923]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnopusiidae" genus="Poricella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spathulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C5762B5FC79FEFDFC73" box="[160,376,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">Poricella spathulata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C576390FC79FDD8FC73" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[389,605,899,923]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 65
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 10(b).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C576135FC79FC3FFC73" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[800,954,899,923]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 113, fig. 16(b).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C5762D5FC5FFEF4FC55" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[192,369,933,957]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2218, fig. 7(e, f).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C57604EFC5FFCAFFC55" author="Gluhak T & Lewis JE & Popijac A" box="[603,810,933,957]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" pagination="397 - 426" refId="ref61630" refString="Gluhak T, Lewis JE, Popijac A. 2007. Bryozoan fauna of Green Island, Taiwan: first indications of biodiversity. Zool Stud. 46: 397 - 426." type="journal article" year="2007">Gluhak et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 413, figure 18(a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C576612FC5FFB91FC55" box="[1031,1044,933,957]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">–</emphasis>
|
||
d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C5762B5FC32FC72FC08" blockId="38.[160,1156,795,992]" box="[160,1015,968,992]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
For additional synonyms and records, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C576096FC32FC8EFC08" author="Cook PL" box="[643,779,968,992]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" pagination="103 - 165" refId="ref61122" refString="Cook PL. 1977. The genus Tremogasterina Canu (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). B Brit Mus Nat Hist Zool. 32: 103 - 165." type="journal article" year="1977">Cook (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14A5C576152FC32FC76FC08" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[839,1011,968,992]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD14A5C5762B5FBE3FD44FBBE" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C5762B5FBE3FE05FBDB" blockId="38.[160,705,1049,1110]" box="[160,384,1049,1075]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14A5C5762B5FBE3FE05FBDB" box="[160,384,1049,1075]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C5762B5FBE3FE05FBDB" bold="true" box="[160,384,1049,1075]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C5762B5FBC4FD44FBBE" blockId="38.[160,705,1049,1110]" box="[160,705,1086,1110]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">NSMT-Te 1085 (REEF-3), bleached, on SEM stub.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD14A5C5762B5FB75FD39F957" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C5762B5FB75FEC8FB41" blockId="38.[160,1156,1167,1263]" box="[160,333,1167,1193]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14A5C5762B5FB75FEC8FB41" box="[160,333,1167,1193]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C5762B5FB75FEC8FB41" bold="true" box="[160,333,1167,1193]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C5762B5FB4EFB06FB07" blockId="38.[160,1156,1167,1263]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
AzL, 0.39
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C576310FB4EFE97FB24" box="[261,274,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.52 (0.453 ± 0.039); AzW, 0.22
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C576078FB4EFDFFFB24" box="[621,634,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.35 (0.293 ± 0.033) (n = 15, 1). OrL, 0.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C576652FB4EFBD1FB24" box="[1095,1108,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.14 (0.122 ± 0.010); OrW, 0.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C5763D0FB2CFE57FB06" box="[453,466,1238,1262]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.16 (0.133 ± 0.011) (n = 13, 1). OvL, 0.18; OvW, 0.24 (n = 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C5762B5FAD2FEA3FAAA" blockId="38.[160,1156,1320,1727]" box="[160,294,1320,1346]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14A5C5762B5FAD2FEA3FAAA" box="[160,294,1320,1346]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14A5C5762B5FAD2FEA3FAAA" bold="true" box="[160,294,1320,1346]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14A5C5762B5FAB7FD39F957" blockId="38.[160,1156,1320,1727]" pageId="38" pageNumber="179">
|
||
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; our specimen
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D14A5C57614BFAB7FC1AFA8D" box="[862,927,1357,1381]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="179" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Zooids distinct when young; boundaries indistinct with age. Frontal wall convex, texture coarsely granulated, perforated by five to eight large, lunate foramina, each surrounded by smooth infundibular area; three to five slit-like areolae along each lateral margin. Average orifice width slightly greater than length; semicircular anter separated from equally broad poster by small, low, proximomedially directed condyles. Distal margin with two pairs spines. Scattered between zooids are conspicuous avicularia arising from marginal pores; rostrum on raised chamber parallel or angled to frontal plane, usually flared and spatulate distally; hinge bar complete or incomplete; rostrum variable in direction. No large vicarious avicularia observed. One incompletely formed ovicell present in our specimen. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD14B5C5662B5FF76FD64FBDE" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C5662B5FF76FE83FF4E" blockId="39.[160,1156,140,651]" box="[160,262,140,166]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14B5C5662B5FF76FE83FF4E" box="[160,262,140,166]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14B5C5662B5FF76FE83FF4E" bold="true" box="[160,262,140,166]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C5662B5FF4BFD97FE71" blockId="39.[160,1156,140,651]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
With its infundibular, lunate frontal pores and spatulate avicularia, this is so distinctive a form that previous authors reporting it have often not included detailed descriptions. Illustrations representing different geographical populations (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C566197FF0CFC7CFEE6" author="Cook PL" box="[898,1017,246,270]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="103 - 165" refId="ref61122" refString="Cook PL. 1977. The genus Tremogasterina Canu (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). B Brit Mus Nat Hist Zool. 32: 103 - 165." type="journal article" year="1977">Cook 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C566613FF0CFEC6FED9" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C566344FEE3FDA8FED9" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[337,557,281,305]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C56602EFEE3FD69FED9" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[571,748,281,305]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C5660EFFEE3FC13FED9" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[762,918,281,305]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) indicate differences among populations, such as in spine number, orientation of the adventitious avicularia, degree of distal flare of the mandible, presence or absence of large vicarious avicularia, and number of frontal foramina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C5662D5FE5EFE86FD63" blockId="39.[160,1156,140,651]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14B5C5662D5FE5EFE1DFE54" box="[192,408,420,444]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Arachnopusiidae" genus="Poricella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spathulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14B5C5662D5FE5EFE1DFE54" box="[192,408,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">Poricella spathulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common in certain tropical and semitropical habitats, especially inner reef flats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C56634AFE3CFDC2FE36" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[351,583,454,478]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was the most common bryozoan species at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14B5C5662B5FE13FF7BFDE9" box="[160,254,489,513]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C566319FE13FE6CFDE9" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[268,489,489,513]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and likewise at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, where it occurred in over half the samples examined (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C5660A9FDF6FC76FDCC" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[700,1011,524,548]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C566619FDF6FF63FDAE" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found it to be abundant at Kealakekua Bay, Hawaii Island, on the undersides of coral-rubble fragments on an intertidal cobble beach subject to high temperatures at low tide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C5662B5FD3EFEA1FD36" blockId="39.[160,1155,708,907]" box="[160,292,708,734]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14B5C5662B5FD3EFEA1FD36" box="[160,292,708,734]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14B5C5662B5FD3EFEA1FD36" bold="true" box="[160,292,708,734]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C5662B5FD13FD13FC63" blockId="39.[160,1155,708,907]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
We found only a single dead colony at the REEF site. This species is broadly distributed in the Indo-Pacific region.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C5663C2FCF1FDE7FCCB" author="Cook PL" box="[471,610,779,803]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="103 - 165" refId="ref61122" refString="Cook PL. 1977. The genus Tremogasterina Canu (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). B Brit Mus Nat Hist Zool. 32: 103 - 165." type="journal article" year="1977">Cook (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
summarised records from the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14B5C566354FCD4FE04FCAE" box="[321,385,814,838]" name="China" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14B5C5663D5FCD4FDBEFCAE" box="[448,571,814,838]" name="Philippines" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and north-east
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14B5C5660E1FCD4FCDDFCAE" box="[756,856,814,838]" name="Australia" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
; it has also been reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14B5C5662F5FCABFEBBFC81" box="[224,318,849,873]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C566358FCABFDAAFC81" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[333,559,849,873]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14B5C566060FCABFCB5FC81" box="[629,816,849,873]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C566155FCABFC5AFC81" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[832,991,849,873]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Hawaii (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C566644FCABFE9DFC63" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D14B5C56634EFC89FE2EFC63" box="[347,427,883,907]" name="Taiwan" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C5663ACFC89FD0FFC63" author="Gluhak T & Lewis JE & Popijac A" box="[441,650,883,907]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="397 - 426" refId="ref61630" refString="Gluhak T, Lewis JE, Popijac A. 2007. Bryozoan fauna of Green Island, Taiwan: first indications of biodiversity. Zool Stud. 46: 397 - 426." type="journal article" year="2007">Gluhak et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C5663A4FC4FFC17FC26" blockId="39.[433,914,949,1078]" box="[433,914,949,974]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14B5C566012FC4FFC17FC26" authority="Harmer, 1957" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[519,914,949,974]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Exechonellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14B5C566012FC4FFD6FFC26" bold="true" box="[519,746,949,974]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">EXECHONELLIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C5660E6FC4FFC17FC26" author="Harmer SF" box="[755,914,949,974]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="42 - 74" refId="ref62331" refString="Harmer SF. 1957. The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition, part 4, Cheilostomata Ascophora II. Siboga Exped. 28 d: 641 - 1147, Plates 42 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1957">Harmer, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C5663A9FC22FCE2FC19" blockId="39.[433,914,949,1078]" box="[444,871,984,1009]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14B5C56601AFC22FCE2FC19" authority="Duvergier, 1924" authorityName="Duvergier" authorityYear="1924" box="[527,871,984,1009]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Exechonellidae" genus="Exechonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14B5C56601AFC22FD24FC19" bold="true" box="[527,673,984,1009]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">Exechonella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D14B5C5660BEFC22FCE2FC19" author="Duvergier J" box="[683,871,984,1009]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" pagination="145 - 190" refId="ref61569" refString="Duvergier J. 1924. Deuxieme note sur les Bryozoaires du Neogene de l ' Aquitaine. Actes Soc Linn Bordeaux. 75: 145 - 190." type="journal article" year="1924">Duvergier, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C566033FC00FD78FBFB" blockId="39.[433,914,949,1078]" box="[550,765,1018,1043]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14B5C566033FC00FD3DFBFB" authorityName="Duvergier" authorityYear="1924" box="[550,696,1018,1043]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Exechonellidae" genus="Exechonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14B5C566033FC00FD3DFBFB" bold="true" box="[550,696,1018,1043]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" reason="3">Exechonella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C566057FBE7FD64FBDE" blockId="39.[433,914,949,1078]" box="[578,737,1053,1078]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14B5C56605FFBE7FD3DFBDE" box="[586,696,1053,1078]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="36.[160,225,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,900,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[177,1138,900,1556]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 11. (a, b) Chorizopora brongniartii (Audouin) sensu lato, NSMT-Te 1084: (a) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and kenozooids; (b) autozooidal orifices. (c) Poricella spathulata (Canu and Bassler), NSMT-Te 1085: autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and developing ooecium. (d) Exechonella sp. A, NSMT-Te 1086: autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm; d = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994833/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
(d))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD14B5C5662B5FB95FD44FB43" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C5662B5FB95FE05FB61" blockId="39.[160,705,1135,1195]" box="[160,384,1135,1161]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14B5C5662B5FB95FE05FB61" box="[160,384,1135,1161]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14B5C5662B5FB95FE05FB61" bold="true" box="[160,384,1135,1161]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C5662B5FB69FD44FB43" blockId="39.[160,705,1135,1195]" box="[160,705,1171,1195]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1086 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D14B5C566347FB69FE0EFB43" box="[338,395,1171,1195]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
10), bleached, on SEM stub.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD14B5C5962B5FB1EFD67FB13" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="181" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C5662B5FB1EFE83FB16" blockId="39.[160,1156,1252,1590]" box="[160,262,1252,1278]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14B5C5662B5FB1EFE83FB16" box="[160,262,1252,1278]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14B5C5662B5FB1EFE83FB16" bold="true" box="[160,262,1252,1278]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C5662B5FAF2FE94F9DE" blockId="39.[160,1156,1252,1590]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
The budding pattern in our single young colony does not clearly indicate which zooid is the ancestrula, if it remains. With the large, marginated foramina, well-developed peristome, and subcircular orifice with weak condyles, this species clearly belongs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D14B5C5662B5FA8AFEA5FA60" authorityName="Duvergier" authorityYear="1924" box="[160,288,1392,1416]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Exechonellidae" genus="Exechonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14B5C5662B5FA8AFEA5FA60" box="[160,288,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">Exechonella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although diagnostic characters such as ovicells and avicularia are absent. The zooids are moderately large: the larger complete zooid in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D14B5C566197FA69FC6AFA43" box="[898,1007,1427,1451]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="36.[160,225,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,900,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[177,1138,900,1556]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 11. (a, b) Chorizopora brongniartii (Audouin) sensu lato, NSMT-Te 1084: (a) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and kenozooids; (b) autozooidal orifices. (c) Poricella spathulata (Canu and Bassler), NSMT-Te 1085: autozooids, interzooidal avicularia and developing ooecium. (d) Exechonella sp. A, NSMT-Te 1086: autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 300 µm; d = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994833/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
(d) measures 0.76 by
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D14B5C5662EEFA4CFEE4FA26" box="[251,353,1462,1486]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" unit="mm" value="0.66">0.66 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and zooids in mature colonies would be larger. One orifice measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D14B5C5662B5FA22FE91FA18" box="[160,276,1496,1520]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.02" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" unit="mm" value="0.202">0.202 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D14B5C566390FA22FE7DFA18" box="[389,504,1496,1520]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" unit="mm" value="0.204">0.204 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. The suboral flange and blunt projections on the peristomial rim are unusual, as no other species reported from the Indo-Pacific region has them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C5662B5F994FEA1F960" blockId="39.[160,768,1646,1707]" box="[160,292,1646,1672]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D14B5C5662B5F994FEA1F960" box="[160,292,1646,1672]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D14B5C5662B5F994FEA1F960" bold="true" box="[160,292,1646,1672]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="180" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D14B5C5662B5F969FC85F943" blockId="39.[160,768,1646,1707]" box="[160,768,1683,1707]" pageId="39" pageNumber="180">We found only a single young colony at the SES site.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD1445C5962B5FCC7FD93FC22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994835/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" startId="40.[160,225,829,852]" targetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1445C5962B5FCC7FD93FC22" blockId="40.[160,1156,829,970]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C5962B5FCC7FE82FCBC" bold="true" box="[160,263,829,852]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1445C59631AFCC7FD96FCBC" authority="Tilbrook" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[271,531,829,852]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lepraliellidae" genus="Celleporaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="calva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C59631AFCC7FE3FFCBC" box="[271,442,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">Celleporaria calva</emphasis>
|
||
Tilbrook
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (a) NSMT-Te 1087, zooids near colony margin; note the lack of oral spines; (b) NSMT-Te 1087, autozooids and two types of vicarious avicularia; (c) NSMT-Te 1088, autozooid near colony margin, showing primary orifice and pair of oral spines; (d) NSMT-Te 1088, ovicells. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, b = 500 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 250 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1445C596393FBEFFC06FBB8" blockId="40.[390,957,1045,1208]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">
|
||
Superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1445C59600EFBEFFC38FBC6" authority="Vigneaux, 1949" authorityName="Vigneaux" authorityYear="1949" box="[539,957,1045,1070]" class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Lepralielloidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C59600EFBEFFD7BFBC6" bold="true" box="[539,766,1045,1070]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">LEPRALIELLOIDEA</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1445C596112FBEFFC38FBC6" author="Vigneaux M" box="[775,957,1045,1070]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 153" refId="ref65981" refString="Vigneaux M. 1949. Revision des Bryozoaires neogenes du Bassin d ' Aquitaine et essai de classification. Mem Soc Geol Fr New Ser. 28: 1 - 153." type="book chapter" year="1949">Vigneaux, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1445C5963E0FBCDFC06FBB8" authority="Vigneaux, 1949" authorityName="Vigneaux" authorityYear="1949" box="[501,899,1079,1104]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lepraliellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C5963E0FBCDFD41FBB8" bold="true" box="[501,708,1079,1104]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">LEPRALIELLIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1445C5960DBFBCDFC06FBB8" author="Vigneaux M" box="[718,899,1079,1104]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 153" refId="ref65981" refString="Vigneaux M. 1949. Revision des Bryozoaires neogenes du Bassin d ' Aquitaine et essai de classification. Mem Soc Geol Fr New Ser. 28: 1 - 153." type="book chapter" year="1949">Vigneaux, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1445C5963A4FBA0FCF4FB9B" blockId="40.[390,957,1045,1208]" box="[433,881,1114,1139]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1445C596010FBA0FCF4FB9B" authority="Lamouroux, 1821" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1821" box="[517,881,1114,1139]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lepraliellidae" genus="Celleporaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C596010FBA0FD1EFB9B" bold="true" box="[517,667,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">Celleporaria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1445C5960B1FBA0FCF4FB9B" author="Lamouroux JVF" box="[676,881,1114,1139]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" pagination="63" refId="ref63427" refString="Lamouroux JVF. 1821. Exposition methodique des genres de l ' ordre des polypiers, avec leur description et celles des principales especes, figurees dans 84 planches; les 63 premieres apartenant a 1 ' Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes d ' Ellis et Solander. Paris: V. Agasse. French." type="journal article" year="1821">Lamouroux, 1821</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1445C5963DCFB87FCDFFB7E" blockId="40.[390,957,1045,1208]" box="[457,858,1149,1174]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1445C5963DCFB87FCDFFB7E" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[457,858,1149,1174]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lepraliellidae" genus="Celleporaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="calva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C5963DCFB87FD2CFB7E" bold="true" box="[457,681,1149,1174]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" reason="3">Celleporaria calva</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1445C5960A7FB87FCDFFB7E" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[690,858,1149,1174]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1445C596044FB65FD57FB50" blockId="40.[390,957,1045,1208]" box="[593,722,1183,1208]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1445C59604CFB65FD4FFB50" box="[601,714,1183,1208]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="40.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 12. Celleporaria calva Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1087, zooids near colony margin; note the lack of oral spines; (b) NSMT-Te 1087, autozooids and two types of vicarious avicularia; (c) NSMT-Te 1088, autozooid near colony margin, showing primary orifice and pair of oral spines; (d) NSMT-Te 1088, ovicells. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, b = 500 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994835/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1445C5962B5FB19FD67FB13" blockId="40.[160,738,1250,1275]" box="[160,738,1250,1275]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1445C5962B5FB19FDE0FB13" authority="Tilbrook, 2006, p. 140" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="140" authorityYear="2006" box="[160,613,1251,1275]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lepraliellidae" genus="Celleporaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="calva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C5962B5FB19FEE1FB13" box="[160,356,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">Celleporaria calva</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1445C596378FB19FD8BFB13" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[365,526,1251,1275]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 140
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 25D
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C5960D7FB18FD4AFB12" box="[706,719,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">–</emphasis>
|
||
F.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1445C5962B5FAC6FE4EFA55" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1445C5962B5FAC6FE05FABE" blockId="40.[160,1155,1340,1469]" box="[160,384,1340,1366]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1445C5962B5FAC6FE05FABE" box="[160,384,1340,1366]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C5962B5FAC6FE05FABE" bold="true" box="[160,384,1340,1366]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1445C5962B5FA9AFE4EFA55" blockId="40.[160,1155,1340,1469]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1087 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1445C596341FA9AFE09FA90" box="[340,396,1376,1400]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
23), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1088 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1445C596193FA9AFC45FA90" box="[902,960,1376,1400]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
25), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1089, three dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1445C5960D2FA79FD71FA73" box="[711,756,1411,1435]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
|
||
site;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1445C59613BFA79FC03FA73" box="[814,902,1411,1435]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2016.5.13.19-21, three dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1445C59637DFA5FFE10FA55" box="[360,405,1445,1469]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
|
||
site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1445C5862B5FA04FE38FB2B" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1445C5962B5FA04FEC8F9F0" blockId="40.[160,1156,1534,1699]" box="[160,333,1534,1560]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1445C5962B5FA04FEC8F9F0" box="[160,333,1534,1560]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C5962B5FA04FEC8F9F0" bold="true" box="[160,333,1534,1560]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1445C5962B5F9DBFE13F94B" blockId="40.[160,1156,1534,1699]" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C5962B5F9DBFD97F9D3" bold="true" box="[160,530,1569,1595]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="181" reason="3">Colony without oral spines.</emphasis>
|
||
AzL, 0.49
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C596083F9D9FD26F9D3" box="[662,675,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.80 (0.642 ± 0.091); AzW, 0.34
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C596652F9D9FBD1F9D3" box="[1095,1108,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.55 (0.433 ± 0.066) (n = 16, 1). OrL, 0.13
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C59608AF9BFFD29F9B5" box="[671,684,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.18 (0.149 ± 0.013); OrW, 0.16
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1445C596652F9BFFBD1F9B5" box="[1095,1108,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="181">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.19 (0.175 ± 0.010) (n = 13, 1). Spatulate vicarious avicularium: AvRosL, 0.48; AvRosW at crossbar, 0.14 (n = 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1455C5862B5FF77FDE1FE9F" blockId="41.[160,1156,141,375]" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C5862B5FF77FE38FF4F" bold="true" box="[160,445,141,167]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" reason="3">Colony with oral spines.</emphasis>
|
||
AzL, 0.50
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C586027FF75FDBAFF4F" box="[562,575,143,167]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.77 (0.643 ± 0.083); AzW, 0.39
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C58618DFF75FC20FF4F" box="[920,933,143,167]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.58 (0.474 ± 0.056) (n = 11, 1). OrL, 0.14
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C586390FF48FE17FF22" box="[389,402,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.15 (0.143 ± 0.005); OrW, 0.17
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C5860FEFF48FD7DFF22" box="[747,760,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.19 (0.178 ± 0.006) (n = 8, 1). OvL, 0.30
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C5862DAFF2EFF59FF04" box="[207,220,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.34 (0.312 ± 0.027); OvW, 0.34
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C586023FF2EFDC6FF04" box="[566,579,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.36 (0.351 ± 0.011) (n = 3, 1). Rostrum of spatulate vicarious avicularium, three size categories: Small
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C5860F0FF0DFD77FEE7" box="[741,754,247,271]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">–</emphasis>
|
||
L, 0.18
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C58615DFF0DFCD0FEE7" box="[840,853,247,271]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.24 (0.204 ± 0.031); W at crossbar, 0.07
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C58632CFEE3FEC3FED9" box="[313,326,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.08 (0.077 ± 0.008) (n = 3, 1). Medium
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C5860EBFEE3FC8EFED9" box="[766,779,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">–</emphasis>
|
||
L, 0.32
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C58614FFEE3FCE2FED9" box="[858,871,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.39 (0.351 ± 0.035); W at crossbar, 0.14
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C58632DFEC6FEC0FEBC" box="[312,325,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.19 (0.157 ± 0.025) (n = 3, 1). Large
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C5860CFFEC6FD62FEBC" box="[730,743,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">–</emphasis>
|
||
L, 0.513; W at crossbar, 0.225 (n = 1). Largest colony observed
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1455C5863AAFEA5FD8AFE9F" box="[447,527,351,375]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
across.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1455C5862B5FE54FEA3FE20" blockId="41.[160,1157,430,1219]" box="[160,294,430,456]" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1455C5862B5FE54FEA3FE20" box="[160,294,430,456]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C5862B5FE54FEA3FE20" bold="true" box="[160,294,430,456]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1455C5862B5FE29FE38FB2B" blockId="41.[160,1157,430,1219]" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">
|
||
Colony encrusting, flat, sheet-like; unilaminar at margin, but frontal budding occurs in interior (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1455C586315FE0FFEEEFDE5" box="[256,363,501,525]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="40.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 12. Celleporaria calva Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1087, zooids near colony margin; note the lack of oral spines; (b) NSMT-Te 1087, autozooids and two types of vicarious avicularia; (c) NSMT-Te 1088, autozooid near colony margin, showing primary orifice and pair of oral spines; (d) NSMT-Te 1088, ovicells. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, b = 500 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994835/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)); colour off- white. Marginal zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1455C58610FFE0FFC06FDE5" box="[794,899,501,525]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="40.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 12. Celleporaria calva Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1087, zooids near colony margin; note the lack of oral spines; (b) NSMT-Te 1087, autozooids and two types of vicarious avicularia; (c) NSMT-Te 1088, autozooid near colony margin, showing primary orifice and pair of oral spines; (d) NSMT-Te 1088, ovicells. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, b = 500 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994835/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) distinct, delineated by groove; with age (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1455C5863B2FDE2FD9FFDD8" box="[423,538,536,560]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="40.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 12. Celleporaria calva Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1087, zooids near colony margin; note the lack of oral spines; (b) NSMT-Te 1087, autozooids and two types of vicarious avicularia; (c) NSMT-Te 1088, autozooid near colony margin, showing primary orifice and pair of oral spines; (d) NSMT-Te 1088, ovicells. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, b = 500 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994835/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
(b, d)), boundaries less distinct. Frontal wall convex, uniformly coarsely granulated; with 10 to 12 areolae around periphery, at margin or offset some distance from margin; sometimes with a few pseudopores scattered in central area. Primary orifice hoof-shaped, broader than long, with straight proximal margin; condyles small, blunt, rounded, somewhat distal to proximal margin. Raised rim (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1455C5862CDFD3FFEC0FD35" box="[216,325,709,733]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="40.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 12. Celleporaria calva Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1087, zooids near colony margin; note the lack of oral spines; (b) NSMT-Te 1087, autozooids and two types of vicarious avicularia; (c) NSMT-Te 1088, autozooid near colony margin, showing primary orifice and pair of oral spines; (d) NSMT-Te 1088, ovicells. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, b = 500 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994835/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) around proximal margin of orifice, sometimes forming slight point. Suboral avicularium lacking. In one of two colonies examined by SEM, most zooids show a pair of short, ephemeral, tubular distal oral spines or spine bases (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1455C5861BEFCF1FB92FCCB" box="[939,1047,779,803]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="40.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 12. Celleporaria calva Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1087, zooids near colony margin; note the lack of oral spines; (b) NSMT-Te 1087, autozooids and two types of vicarious avicularia; (c) NSMT-Te 1088, autozooid near colony margin, showing primary orifice and pair of oral spines; (d) NSMT-Te 1088, ovicells. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, b = 500 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994835/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)); other colony entirely lacks spines. No adventitious avicularia observed. Scattered interzooidal avicularia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1455C586309FCAAFE0FFC80" box="[284,394,848,872]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="40.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 12. Celleporaria calva Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1087, zooids near colony margin; note the lack of oral spines; (b) NSMT-Te 1087, autozooids and two types of vicarious avicularia; (c) NSMT-Te 1088, autozooid near colony margin, showing primary orifice and pair of oral spines; (d) NSMT-Te 1088, ovicells. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, b = 500 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994835/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b)) occur, of several sizes, with the largest more than twice as long and broad as the smallest. Chamber of newly budded large avicularium about half the size of an autozooid, with marginal pores and granulated surface; with age, avicularian cystid becomes immersed. Crossbar complete; rostrum wide at crossbar, narrowest just distal to crossbar, and flared, spatulate, often somewhat scoop-shaped distally, with edge around distal curvature weakly serrate. Rostrum of smallest interzooidal avicularia scarcely spatulate. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1455C5863C6FBDAFDC5FBD0" box="[467,576,1056,1080]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="40.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 12. Celleporaria calva Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1087, zooids near colony margin; note the lack of oral spines; (b) NSMT-Te 1087, autozooids and two types of vicarious avicularia; (c) NSMT-Te 1088, autozooid near colony margin, showing primary orifice and pair of oral spines; (d) NSMT-Te 1088, ovicells. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a, b = 500 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994835/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) hyperstomial, with large, circular to oval opening. Ooecium thick-walled, globose, slightly broader than long, largely obscuring primary orifice; covered by secondary calcification with same texture as frontal wall, arising from two or three neighbouring zooids and showing sutures on the ooecial surface. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1455C5862B5FB00FC89F957" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1455C5862B5FB00FE83FAFC" blockId="41.[160,1156,1274,1577]" box="[160,262,1274,1300]" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1455C5862B5FB00FE83FAFC" box="[160,262,1274,1300]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C5862B5FB00FE83FAFC" bold="true" box="[160,262,1274,1300]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1455C5862B5FAE4FDCBF9C1" blockId="41.[160,1156,1274,1577]" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">
|
||
Most species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1455C586341FAE4FE53FADE" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1821" box="[340,470,1310,1334]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lepraliellidae" genus="Celleporaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C586341FAE4FE53FADE" box="[340,470,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">Celleporaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a suboral avicularium associated with the peristome or orificial margin;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1455C586341FABBFE2DFAB1" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[340,424,1345,1369]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lepraliellidae" genus="Celleporaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="calva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C586341FABBFE2DFAB1" box="[340,424,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">C. calva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unusual in lacking suboral or any other adventitious avicularia. Other diagnostic characters include the hoof-shaped primary orifice; lack of a welldeveloped peristome; spatulate interzooidal avicularia of several sizes; and the unusual globose ovicell with a large opening. The original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1455C58618BFA53FBC4FA29" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[926,1089,1449,1473]" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) also indicates that this species lacks oral spines; however, while this was true of the colony from the SES site, most marginal zooids in a colony from the MIN site had a pair of short, ephemeral oral spines or spine bases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1455C5862B5F99AFEA1F992" blockId="41.[160,1155,1632,1727]" box="[160,292,1632,1658]" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1455C5862B5F99AFEA1F992" box="[160,292,1632,1658]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C5862B5F99AFEA1F992" bold="true" box="[160,292,1632,1658]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1455C5862B5F97FFC89F957" blockId="41.[160,1155,1632,1727]" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">
|
||
We found one specimen at SES and seven at MIN.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1455C586113F97FFC48F975" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[774,973,1669,1693]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lepraliellidae" genus="Celleporaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="calva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1455C586113F97FFC48F975" box="[774,973,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">Celleporaria calva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously known only from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1455C58638FF95DFDD6F957" box="[410,595,1703,1727]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="41" pageNumber="182">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1455C586077F95DFC85F957" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[610,768,1703,1727]" pageId="41" pageNumber="182" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |