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<document id="6F77B13F3462701F0D214D3B0E7F6F58" ID-DOI="10.6620/ZS.2018.57-47" ID-ISSN="1810-522X" ID-PMC="PMC6517761" ID-PubMed="31966287" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12825927" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721917059966" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="White, Kristine N. &amp; Machida, Ryuji J." docDate="2018" docId="03BE8787FFECBD08FED887D7FCF5086A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolStud.57.47.1-22.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zoological Studies 57 (47)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2018.57-47" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CB122E4603BA284FA287D3847868CAF6.4:ZoolStud.2016-2018.journal_article" docStyleId="CB122E4603BA284FA287D3847868CAF6" docStyleName="ZoolStud.2016-2018.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leucothoe batillum White &amp; Machida, 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="4884D455-66F6-4FDE-84E7-A77F1D08D94A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FF87FFFFFFE4BD03FFF3840AFF88091C" masterDocTitle="Taiwanese Leucothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda), Including Three New Species from Dongsha Atoll." masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1721932681747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="14F7CFC036F8FA14258B5E2CB2C940C3">Taiwanese Leucothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda), Including Three New Species from Dongsha Atoll.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A64E724EBE5CF3F052A492FF01F84F21">White, Kristine N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9EFA7014FBCC236F73A6DAE93349CD67">The University of Tampa, Biology, 401 W. Kennedy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33606 U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8BE99ED926A49EC10CF63AB616C242C2">Machida, Ryuji J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0BA895D6569B56FE59F4E1A3E9F93B76">The University of Tampa, Biology, 401 W. Kennedy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33606 U. S. A. &amp; Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529 Taiwan. &amp; The University of Tampa, Biology, 401 W. Kennedy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33606 U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="20953E8934CB952143A8A24565DEA06A">Zoological Studies</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FBEA574A4B79744B4F33FF3240233BAF">2018</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C30D651AFFECBD0BFED887D7FD010AEA" box="[299,649,989,1014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFECBD0BFED887D7FD010AEA" blockId="8.[186,763,989,1099]" box="[299,649,989,1014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0E081FDFFECBD0BFED887D7FD010AEA" bold="true" box="[299,649,989,1014]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFECBD0BFED887D7FD010AEA" bold="true" box="[299,649,989,1014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFECBD0BFED887D7FD970AEA" ID-CoL="6PTVL" authorityName="White &amp; Machida" authorityYear="2018" box="[299,543,989,1014]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batillum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFECBD0BFED887D7FD970AEA" bold="true" box="[299,543,989,1014]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leucothoe batillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057F8FFECBD0BFDD487D7FD010AEA" box="[551,649,989,1014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D651AFFECBD08FE7B87F7FCF5086A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFECBD0BFE7B87F7FDA40D0A" blockId="8.[186,763,989,1099]" box="[392,556,1021,1046]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
(
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFE7C87F7FE7A0D0A" box="[399,498,1021,1046]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,170,1812,1832]" captionTargetBox="[160,1390,249,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-85@7.[160,1390,249,1787]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. (A) Leucothoe obuchii White and Reimer, 2012a, male, KNW-Green-2B; (B) Leucothoe ouraensis White and Reimer, 2012b, female, KNW-Dongsha-2017-10c; (C) Leucothoe togatta White and Reimer, 2012b, male, KNW-Dongsha-2017-7d; (D) Leucothoe toribe White and Reimer, 2012b, female, KNW-Dongsha-2017-6b; (E) Leucothoe trulla White and Reimer, 2012a, male, KNW-Dongsha-2017- 8a; (F) Leucothoe batillum sp. nov., male, KNW-Dongsha-2017-3f; (G) Leucothoe cracentis sp. nov., female, KNW-Dongsha-2017-4b; (H) Paranamixis lunata sp. nov., male anamorph, KNW-Dongsha-2017-7a; (I) Paranamixis lunata sp. nov., female leucomorph, KNW- Dongsha-2017-9a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825931/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFE0E87F7FDAD0D0A" box="[509,549,1021,1046]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionStartId-1="10.[174,208,1897,1917]" captionTargetBox-0="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetBox-1="[244,1383,254,1851]" captionTargetId-0="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetId-1="figure-56@10.[194,1431,249,1870]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" captionText-1="Fig. 5. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype and female paratype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) male telson; (B) male telson enlarged; (C) female Gnathopod 2 medial; (D) female Gnathopod 2 carpus lateral; (E) male left Mandible; (F) male right Mandible; (G) male Maxilliped; (H) female Gnathopod 1 medial." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825935" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12825935/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4-5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFECBD0BFF498012FDBB0D57" blockId="8.[186,763,989,1099]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<uri id="FF863A93FFECBD0BFF498012FDBB0D57" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFB10C44FFECBD0BFE488012FDBB0D57" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4884D455-66F6-4FDE-84E7- A77F1D08D94A</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFECBD0BFF19807AFEF40C35" blockId="8.[174,776,1136,1961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFECBD0BFF19807AFE430D95" box="[234,459,1136,1161]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material Examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3CCCFFECBD0BFE2E807AFD040DF5" collectingDate="2017-05-29" collectorName="K. N. White" elevation="2" latitude="20.705072" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="116.72869" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="NMMB-CD 5583" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54AC8833FFECBD0BFE2E807AFDC30D95" box="[477,587,1136,1161]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male,
<quantity id="4CEF9B74FFECBD0BFD50807AFC8B0D95" box="[675,771,1136,1161]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
,
<specimenCode id="DBB19EEAFFECBD0BFF5D809AFEF80DB5" box="[174,368,1168,1194]" collectionCode="NMMB-CD" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">NMMB-CD 5583</specimenCode>
KNW-Dongsha-2017-1d, Dongsha Atoll north beach,
<geoCoordinate id="EE235056FFECBD0BFE7780BAFDBA0DD5" box="[388,562,1200,1225]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" seconds="18.26" value="20.705072">20°42'18.26&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE235056FFECBD0BFDCE80BAFC8C0DD5" box="[573,772,1200,1225]" degrees="116" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" seconds="43.290" value="116.72869">116°43'43.290&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CEF9B74FFECBD0BFF5D80DAFF7B0DF5" box="[174,243,1232,1257]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1.5">
<elevation id="003AD1A2FFECBD0BFF5D80DAFF7B0DF5" box="[174,243,1232,1257]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFA91051FFECBD0BFF0D80DAFE120DF5" box="[254,410,1232,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2017-05-29">
<collectingDate id="EFEDE9B9FFECBD0BFF0D80DAFE120DF5" box="[254,410,1232,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2017-05-29">29 May 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26E25347FFECBD0BFE5780DAFDA90DF5" box="[420,545,1232,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">K.N. White</collectorName>
collector
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54AC8833FFECBD0BFD6580DAFC8B0DF5" box="[662,771,1232,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: female,
<quantity id="4CEF9B74FFECBD0BFEE780FAFEF00C15" box="[276,376,1264,1289]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
,
<collectionCode id="ED06AE54FFECBD0BFE7580FAFD830C16" box="[390,523,1264,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">NMMB-CD</collectionCode>
5584, same station data as
<typeStatus id="54AC8833FFECBD0BFEFF811AFEF10C35" box="[268,377,1296,1321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFECBD0BFF19813AFE900F35" blockId="8.[174,776,1136,1961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFECBD0BFF19813AFEB20C55" box="[234,314,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Other</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="9D11FD18FFECBD0BFEA6813AFE3F0C55" box="[341,439,1328,1353]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D11FD18FFECBD0BFE21813AFDD90C55" box="[466,593,1328,1353]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D11FD18FFECBD0BFD9F813AFD740C55" box="[620,764,1328,1353]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
; ASIZCR000421, KNW-Dongsha-2017-3f, Dongsha Atoll lagoon,
<geoCoordinate id="EE235056FFECBD0BFEAB817AFD990C95" box="[344,529,1392,1417]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" seconds="14.76" value="20.704102">20°42'14.76&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE235056FFECBD0BFDEC817AFC8B0C95" box="[543,771,1392,1417]" degrees="116" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" seconds="17.2074" value="116.80479">116°48'17.2074&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CEF9B74FFECBD0BFF5D819AFF7B0CB5" box="[174,243,1424,1449]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
;
<date id="FFA91051FFECBD0BFEF6819AFE320CB5" box="[261,442,1424,1449]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2017-05-21">21 May 2017</date>
; K.N. White, collector.
<specimenCount id="9D11FD18FFECBD0BFD0B819AFE900CD5" count="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D11FD18FFECBD0BFEDB81BAFE230CD5" box="[296,427,1456,1481]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
; KNW-Dongsha-2017-12d, Dongsha Atoll south beach,
<geoCoordinate id="EE235056FFECBD0BFDC981DAFC890CF5" box="[570,769,1488,1513]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" seconds="57.48" value="20.7993">20°47'57.48&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE235056FFECBD0BFF5D81FAFEE10F15" box="[174,361,1520,1545]" degrees="116" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" seconds="24.07" value="116.72335">116°43'24.07&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CEF9B74FFECBD0BFE8581FAFE370F15" box="[374,447,1520,1545]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1.7">1.7 m</quantity>
;
<date id="FFA91051FFECBD0BFE3F81FAFDF80F15" box="[460,624,1520,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2017-05-27">27 May 2017</date>
; K.N. White, collector.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFECBD0BFF19823AFE3A0FB5" blockId="8.[174,776,1136,1961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFECBD0BFF19823AFEEE0F55" box="[234,358,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology</emphasis>
: From the Latin
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFECBD0BFDC3823AFD1A0F55" authorityName="White &amp; Machida" authorityYear="2018" box="[560,658,1584,1609]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batillum">
‘
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFECBD0BFDC5823AFD1A0F55" box="[566,658,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">batillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ meaning ‘shovel, fire pan’ and referring to the shovel-like gnathopod 2 carpus in males of this species, used as noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFECBD0BFF1982BAFAC2082A" blockId="8.[174,776,1136,1961]" lastBlockId="8.[850,1452,253,1974]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFECBD0BFF1982BAFEE50FD5" box="[234,365,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Head anterior margin round. Ventral cephalic keel anterior margin excavate, anteroventral margin quadrate with a simple cusp. Eyes oval (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFE7E831AFE7A0E35" box="[397,498,1808,1833]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Accessory flagellum present, 1-articulate (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFE27833AFDB70E55" box="[468,575,1840,1865]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Gnathopod 1 dactylus reaching 0.2 × propodus length (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFD6D835AFD740E76" box="[670,764,1872,1898]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Gnathopod 2 carpus distally truncate, resembling a shovel, serrate; propodus with one mediofacial setal row slightly displaced toward midline (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFA8884F7FCFE082A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Telson apex evenly rounded (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFB178517FAB6082A" box="[1252,1342,285,310]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[174,208,1897,1917]" captionTargetBox="[244,1383,254,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-56@10.[194,1431,249,1870]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype and female paratype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) male telson; (B) male telson enlarged; (C) female Gnathopod 2 medial; (D) female Gnathopod 2 carpus lateral; (E) male left Mandible; (F) male right Mandible; (G) male Maxilliped; (H) female Gnathopod 1 medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825935/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFECBD0BFC7C8537FACB0B8A" blockId="8.[850,1452,253,1974]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFECBD0BFC7C8537FB6D084B" box="[911,1253,317,343]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Description (male
<typeStatus id="54AC8833FFECBD0BFB878537FB54084B" box="[1140,1244,317,343]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
: Head: Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin evenly rounded; ventral cephalic keel anterior margin excavate, anteroventral margin quadrate with a simple cusp, ventral margin oblique; eyes with more than 10 ommatidia, oval. Antenna 1 0.3 × body length, flagellum 7-articulate, peduncle article 1 width slightly wider than article 2 (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFAB68617FA280B2A" box="[1349,1440,541,566]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
), accessory flagellum present, 1-articulate (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFAB78637FA280B4A" box="[1348,1440,573,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Antenna 2 0.2 × body length, shorter in length than antenna 1, flagellum 3-articulate (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFB2E8677FAB00B8A" box="[1245,1336,637,662]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFECBD0BFC7C8697FAD00D8B" blockId="8.[850,1452,253,1974]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Mandibular palp ratio of articles 1-3 1.0:3.2:2.0, article 2 with 6 marginal setae, article 3 with 2 distal setae, incisors weakly dentate (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFA8E86D7FCF00A0A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[174,208,1897,1917]" captionTargetBox="[244,1383,254,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-56@10.[194,1431,249,1870]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype and female paratype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) male telson; (B) male telson enlarged; (C) female Gnathopod 2 medial; (D) female Gnathopod 2 carpus lateral; (E) male left Mandible; (F) male right Mandible; (G) male Maxilliped; (H) female Gnathopod 1 medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825935/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
); left mandible with 13 raker spines, lacinia mobilis large, weakly toothed (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFB1C8717FADF0A2A" box="[1263,1367,797,822]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[174,208,1897,1917]" captionTargetBox="[244,1383,254,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-56@10.[194,1431,249,1870]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype and female paratype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) male telson; (B) male telson enlarged; (C) female Gnathopod 2 medial; (D) female Gnathopod 2 carpus lateral; (E) male left Mandible; (F) male right Mandible; (G) male Maxilliped; (H) female Gnathopod 1 medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825935/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
); right mandible with 13 raker spines, lacinia mobilis small (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFCA98757FC3E0A6A" box="[858,950,861,886]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[174,208,1897,1917]" captionTargetBox="[244,1383,254,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-56@10.[194,1431,249,1870]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype and female paratype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) male telson; (B) male telson enlarged; (C) female Gnathopod 2 medial; (D) female Gnathopod 2 carpus lateral; (E) male left Mandible; (F) male right Mandible; (G) male Maxilliped; (H) female Gnathopod 1 medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825935/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
). Maxilla 1 palp 2-articulate, with 4 distal slender setae; outer plate with 6 distal robust setae and 3 slender setae (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFBBE8797FB220AAA" box="[1101,1194,925,950]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
). Maxilla 2 inner plate with 7 marginal and distal robust setae, outer plate with 3 distal robust setae and several slender marginal setae (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFBEF87F7FBF70D0B" box="[1052,1151,1021,1047]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
). Maxilliped inner plates distal margin rounded, with short simple robust setae; outer plate inner margin smooth, reaching 0.4 × palp article 1; palp article 4 thick, subequal in length with article 3, distally acute (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFB1D8077FAC50D8B" box="[1262,1357,1149,1175]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[174,208,1897,1917]" captionTargetBox="[244,1383,254,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-56@10.[194,1431,249,1870]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype and female paratype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) male telson; (B) male telson enlarged; (C) female Gnathopod 2 medial; (D) female Gnathopod 2 carpus lateral; (E) male left Mandible; (F) male right Mandible; (G) male Maxilliped; (H) female Gnathopod 1 medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825935/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFECBD0BFC7C8097FBA90DCA" blockId="8.[850,1452,253,1974]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFECBD0BFC7C8097FC600DAA" box="[911,1000,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pereon</emphasis>
: Coxae 1-4 relative widths 1.0: 1.2: 0.8: 1.4 (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFC4980B7FB9D0DCA" box="[954,1045,1213,1238]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFECBD0BFC7C80D7FB000F0A" blockId="8.[850,1452,253,1974]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal margin produced with notch, distal margin straight, posterior margin concave; basis distally slightly expanded, anterior margin with 3 short setae, posterior margin bare; ischium bare (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFACB8157FA160C6B" box="[1336,1438,1373,1399]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
); carpus curved, distal length 9 × width, distally very narrow, smooth, anterior margin with small short setae (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFC5B81B7FB800CCA" box="[936,1032,1469,1494]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
); propodus straight, palm dentate with short setae; dactylus smooth, reaching 0.2 × propodus length (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFECBD0BFBD381F7FBF50F0A" box="[1056,1149,1533,1558]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFECBD08FC7C8217FDE4082A" blockId="8.[850,1452,253,1974]" lastBlockId="11.[136,738,253,1974]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Gnathopod 2 coxa subquadrate, wider than coxa 3, smooth, margins slightly rounded; basis slightly distally expanded, anterior margin with 4 short setae, posterior margin with 1 distal seta; ischium with 1 distal seta; carpus 0.4 × propodus length, curved, setose, distally truncate, resembling a shovel, serrate; propodus with one mediofacial setal row slightly displaced to midline, reaching 0.8 × propodus length, submarginal setal row of 6 setae, anterior margin gently curved, smooth, palm with 5 medium tubercles; palmar corner clearly defined as prominent hump, remaining posterior margin straight; dactylus curved, proximal margin smooth, bare, anterior margin distally acute, reaching 0.6 × propodus length (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFEFBD08FDF48517FDE8082A" box="[519,608,285,310]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<footnote id="E80C2A9FFFECBD0BFB6F83D7FA230EF3" box="[1180,1451,2013,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFECBD0BFB6F83D7FA230EF3" blockId="8.[1180,1451,2013,2031]" box="[1180,1451,2013,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">© 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
</footnote>
<caption id="DF686619FFEDBD0AFF7B838EFE100EF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" targetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFEDBD0AFF7B838EFAE50EA8" blockId="9.[136,1414,1923,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEDBD0AFF7B838EFF4E0E84" bold="true" box="[136,198,1924,1944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEDBD0AFF21838EFE0E0E84" authorityName="White &amp; Machida" authorityYear="2018" box="[210,390,1924,1944]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batillum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEDBD0AFF21838EFE0E0E84" box="[210,390,1924,1944]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leucothoe batillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057F8FFEDBD0AFE7F838EFE5F0E84" box="[396,471,1924,1944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFEDBD0AFF7B83D7FE100EF3" blockId="9.[136,1414,1923,2031]" box="[136,408,2013,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">© 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF686619FFEEBD09FF5D8363FDF60EA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12825935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825935/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[174,208,1897,1917]" targetBox="[244,1383,254,1851]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFEEBD09FF5D8363FDF60EA9" blockId="10.[174,1452,1897,1973]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEEBD09FF5D8363FF640E61" bold="true" box="[174,236,1897,1917]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEEBD09FF0A8363FE260E61" authorityName="White &amp; Machida" authorityYear="2018" box="[249,430,1897,1917]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batillum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEEBD09FF0A8363FE260E61" box="[249,430,1897,1917]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Leucothoe batillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057F8FFEEBD09FE478363FE770E61" box="[436,511,1897,1917]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
male holotype and female paratype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) male telson; (B) male telson enlarged; (C) female Gnathopod 2 medial; (D) female Gnathopod 2 carpus lateral; (E) male left Mandible; (F) male right Mandible; (G) male Maxilliped; (H) female Gnathopod 1 medial.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<footnote id="E80C2A9FFFEEBD09FB6F83D7FA230EF3" box="[1180,1451,2013,2031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFEEBD09FB6F83D7FA230EF3" blockId="10.[1180,1451,2013,2031]" box="[1180,1451,2013,2031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">© 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFEFBD08FF368537FF310B4A" blockId="11.[136,738,253,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Pereopod 3 coxa smooth, anterior margin rounded, distal margin rounded, oblique, posterior margin straight. Pereopod 4 coxa smooth, anterior margin expanded, distal margin straight, posterior margin convex. Pereopods 5-7 bases width length ratios 1: 1.1, 1: 1.1, 1:1.0, posterior margins bare; pereopods 5-6 bases posterior margins smooth, pereopod 7 basis posterior margin serrate (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFEFBD08FD428617FF260B4A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFEFBD08FF368657FEB70D2A" blockId="11.[136,738,253,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FF368657FE830B6A" box="[197,267,605,630]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pleon</emphasis>
: Epimeron 1 anterodistal margin with 1 seta; Epimeron 2 distal margin with 3 setae; Epimeron 3 bare, posteroventral corner rounded (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFEFBD08FF6386B7FF7A0BCA" box="[144,242,701,726]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Uropods 1-3 relative lengths 1.0: 0.6: 0.8. Uropod 1 peduncle 1.3 × inner ramus length, outer ramus 0.9 × inner ramus length; inner and outer rami each with 3 robust setae. Uropod 2 peduncle 0.9 × inner ramus length, outer ramus 0.7 × inner ramus length; inner and outer rami each with 2 robust setae. Uropod 3 peduncle subequal in length with inner ramus, outer ramus 0.8 × inner ramus length; inner and outer rami each with 2 robust setae (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFEFBD08FEC587D7FE100AEA" box="[310,408,989,1014]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[177,1377,255,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-5@9.[165,1385,249,1897]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) Habitus; (B) Antenna 1 enlarged; (C) Gnathopod 1 medial; (D) Gnathopod 1 propodus enlarged; (E) Gnathopod 1 carpus enlarged; (F) Gnathopod 2 medial; (G) Maxilla 2; (H) Maxilla 1. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825933/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Telson 2.1 × longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFEFBD08FF3D87F7FEA20D0A" box="[206,298,1021,1046]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[174,208,1897,1917]" captionTargetBox="[244,1383,254,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-56@10.[194,1431,249,1870]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype and female paratype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) male telson; (B) male telson enlarged; (C) female Gnathopod 2 medial; (D) female Gnathopod 2 carpus lateral; (E) male left Mandible; (F) male right Mandible; (G) male Maxilliped; (H) female Gnathopod 1 medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825935/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
), apex rounded, beset with four short setae (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFEFBD08FF2B8017FEBB0D2A" box="[216,307,1053,1078]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[174,208,1897,1917]" captionTargetBox="[244,1383,254,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-56@10.[194,1431,249,1870]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype and female paratype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) male telson; (B) male telson enlarged; (C) female Gnathopod 2 medial; (D) female Gnathopod 2 carpus lateral; (E) male left Mandible; (F) male right Mandible; (G) male Maxilliped; (H) female Gnathopod 1 medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825935/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFEFBD08FF368037FDC60DCB" blockId="11.[136,738,253,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FF368037FE9C0D6B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Female
<typeStatus id="54AC8833FFEFBD08FEC88037FE3F0D4A" box="[315,439,1085,1110]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(sexually dimorphic characters)
</emphasis>
: Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with six short setae (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFEFBD08FE8E8077FE520D8A" box="[381,474,1149,1174]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[174,208,1897,1917]" captionTargetBox="[244,1383,254,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-56@10.[194,1431,249,1870]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype and female paratype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) male telson; (B) male telson enlarged; (C) female Gnathopod 2 medial; (D) female Gnathopod 2 carpus lateral; (E) male left Mandible; (F) male right Mandible; (G) male Maxilliped; (H) female Gnathopod 1 medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825935/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
). Gnathopod 2 carpus distally tapered, smooth, not spoon-like; propodus palm with 3 small tubercules (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFEFBD08FE1580B7FDCA0DCB" box="[486,578,1213,1239]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[174,208,1897,1917]" captionTargetBox="[244,1383,254,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-56@10.[194,1431,249,1870]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Leucothoe batillum sp. nov. male holotype and female paratype, scale bars represent 0.1 mm; (A) male telson; (B) male telson enlarged; (C) female Gnathopod 2 medial; (D) female Gnathopod 2 carpus lateral; (E) male left Mandible; (F) male right Mandible; (G) male Maxilliped; (H) female Gnathopod 1 medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825935/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFEFBD08FF3680D7FE670C4A" blockId="11.[136,738,253,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FF3680D7FEE10DEA" box="[197,361,1245,1270]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Color pattern</emphasis>
: When alive this species has yellow antenna 1 peduncle articles 1 and 2, a red-orange striped “saddle” pattern on pereonites 2-5, and a red dot coxa 4 (
<figureCitation id="132C2A14FFEFBD08FE798137FE6B0C4A" box="[394,483,1341,1366]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,170,1812,1832]" captionTargetBox="[160,1390,249,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-85@7.[160,1390,249,1787]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. (A) Leucothoe obuchii White and Reimer, 2012a, male, KNW-Green-2B; (B) Leucothoe ouraensis White and Reimer, 2012b, female, KNW-Dongsha-2017-10c; (C) Leucothoe togatta White and Reimer, 2012b, male, KNW-Dongsha-2017-7d; (D) Leucothoe toribe White and Reimer, 2012b, female, KNW-Dongsha-2017-6b; (E) Leucothoe trulla White and Reimer, 2012a, male, KNW-Dongsha-2017- 8a; (F) Leucothoe batillum sp. nov., male, KNW-Dongsha-2017-3f; (G) Leucothoe cracentis sp. nov., female, KNW-Dongsha-2017-4b; (H) Paranamixis lunata sp. nov., male anamorph, KNW-Dongsha-2017-7a; (I) Paranamixis lunata sp. nov., female leucomorph, KNW- Dongsha-2017-9a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12825931/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFEFBD08FF368157FE400C8A" blockId="11.[136,738,253,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FF368157FEAE0C6A" box="[197,294,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecology</emphasis>
: This species was collected among
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEFBD08FF7B8177FF710C8A" authorityName="J. V. Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[136,249,1405,1430]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FF7B8177FF710C8A" box="[136,249,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Halimeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and coral rubble.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFEFBD08FF368197FB88082A" blockId="11.[136,738,253,1974]" lastBlockId="11.[813,1414,253,374]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FF368197FEE70CAA" box="[197,367,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Relationships</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEFBD08FE718197FDF90CAA" authorityName="White &amp; Machida" authorityYear="2018" box="[386,625,1437,1462]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batillum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FE718197FDF90CAA" box="[386,625,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leucothoe batillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057F8FFEFBD08FD8D8197FD690CAA" box="[638,737,1437,1462]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEFBD08FEE481B7FD550CCA" authority="Barnard, 1974" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1974" box="[279,733,1469,1494]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FEE481B7FD9D0CCA" box="[279,533,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leucothoe assimilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B60FFEFBD08FDD281B7FD550CCA" author="Barnard JL" box="[545,733,1469,1494]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref12351" refString="Barnard JL. 1974. Gammaridean Amphipoda of Australia, Part II. Smith Cont Zool 139: 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1974">Barnard, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEFBD08FF7B81D7FD550CEA" authority="White and Thomas, 2009" authorityName="White and Thomas" authorityYear="2009" box="[136,733,1501,1526]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epidemos">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FF7B81D7FE060CEA" box="[136,398,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leucothoe epidemos</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B60FFEFBD08FE6A81D7FD550CEA" author="White KN &amp; Thomas JD" box="[409,733,1501,1526]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="494 - 555" refId="ref14773" refString="White KN, Thomas JD. 2009. Leucothoidae. In: Lowry JK, Myers AA (eds) Amphipoda (Crustacea, Peracarida) of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa 2260: 494 - 555." type="journal article" year="2009">White and Thomas, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEFBD08FF7B81F7FD560F0A" authority="White and Thomas, 2009" authorityName="White and Thomas" authorityYear="2009" box="[136,734,1533,1558]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makromatos">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FF7B81F7FE290F0A" box="[136,417,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leucothoe makromatos</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B60FFEFBD08FE5981F7FD560F0A" author="White KN &amp; Thomas JD" box="[426,734,1533,1558]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="494 - 555" refId="ref14773" refString="White KN, Thomas JD. 2009. Leucothoidae. In: Lowry JK, Myers AA (eds) Amphipoda (Crustacea, Peracarida) of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa 2260: 494 - 555." type="journal article" year="2009">White and Thomas, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEFBD08FF7B8217FD9E0F2A" authority="Barnard, 1974" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1974" box="[136,534,1565,1590]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarte">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FF7B8217FED80F2A" box="[136,336,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leucothoe tarte</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B60FFEFBD08FEA88217FD9E0F2A" author="Barnard JL" box="[347,534,1565,1590]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref12351" refString="Barnard JL. 1974. Gammaridean Amphipoda of Australia, Part II. Smith Cont Zool 139: 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1974">Barnard, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEFBD08FDAD8217FD8A0F4A" authority="White and Reimer, 2012 a" authorityName="White and Reimer" authorityYear="2012" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trulla">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FDAD8217FF4A0F4A" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leucothoe trulla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B60FFEFBD08FF3F8237FD8A0F4A" author="White KN &amp; Reimer JD" box="[204,514,1597,1622]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="13 - 55" refId="ref14640" refString="White KN, Reimer JD. 2012 a. Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part I: ascidian dwellers. ZooKeys 163: 13 - 55. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 163.2003." type="journal article" year="2012">White and Reimer, 2012a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in having a round anterior head margin, a long gnathopod 1 dactylus, and a truncate gnathopod 2 carpus. The shovelshape of the gnathopod 2 carpus is unique to
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEFBD08FF7B82B7FE810FCA" authorityName="White &amp; Machida" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,265,1725,1750]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batillum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FF7B82B7FE810FCA" box="[136,265,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. batillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057F8FFEFBD08FEE782B7FEF20FCA" box="[276,378,1725,1750]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, with the carpus of all of the other species being more fluted or spoon-like. The displaced mediofacial setal row on gnathopod 2 propodus is shared with
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEFBD08FE148317FD2E0E2A" authorityName="White and Thomas" authorityYear="2009" box="[487,678,1821,1846]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makromatos">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FE148317FD2E0E2A" box="[487,678,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. makromatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEFBD08FF7B8337FF620E4A" authorityName="White and Reimer" authorityYear="2012" box="[136,234,1853,1878]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trulla">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FF7B8337FF620E4A" box="[136,234,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. trulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The other species listed here have a mediofacial setal row above the midline. The rounded telson found in
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEFBD08FE428377FDA50E8A" authorityName="White &amp; Machida" authorityYear="2018" box="[433,557,1917,1942]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batillum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FE428377FDA50E8A" box="[433,557,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. batillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057F8FFEFBD08FDC48377FD1E0E8A" box="[567,662,1917,1942]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is not shared by any of these species, with a blunt simple telson in
<taxonomicName id="4C174D12FFEFBD08FC6D84F7FBAD080A" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1974" box="[926,1061,253,278]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FC6D84F7FBAD080A" box="[926,1061,253,278]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and a tridentate tip found in the other species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83691FFEFBD08FC9A8537FCF5086A" blockId="11.[813,1414,253,374]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B963EA83FFEFBD08FC9A8537FC7A084A" box="[873,1010,317,342]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution</emphasis>
: Dongsha Atoll,
<collectingCountry id="F3007601FFEFBD08FB318537FA9F084A" box="[1218,1303,317,342]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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