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<mods:title id="16F8E28227F5D01167A03B7E59FFA8FA">Avian type localities and the type specimens collected by Johan August Wahlberg in southern Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="4E4C494039C3E28CCEBEBC9B0132D2E1">Research Associate, FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa. wrjdean 01 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6541 - 3565 &amp; Wolwekraal Conservation and Research Organisation, P. O. Box 47, Prince Albert 6930, South Africa. &amp; South African Environmental Observation Network, Arid Lands Node, Kimberley, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8B925B06F768B129B1D2F860305644FA" blockId="29.[151,623,1950,1977]" box="[151,623,1950,1977]" pageId="29" pageNumber="550">
<heading id="D0DAEC6AF768B129B1D2F860305644FA" bold="true" box="[151,623,1950,1977]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="550" reason="1">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D7C28F768B129B1D2F860305644FA" box="[151,623,1950,1977]" pageId="29" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B9598714F768B129B1D2F860305644FA" bold="true" box="[151,623,1950,1977]" pageId="29" pageNumber="550">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C7D17F768B129B1D2F860305044FA" author="Sundevall, C. J." box="[151,617,1950,1977]" page="101" pageId="29" pageNumber="550" year="1850">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F768B129B1D2F860305044FA" authority="Sundevall, 1850: 101" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityPageNumber="101" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,617,1950,1977]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="550" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B9598714F768B129B1D2F860336444FB" bold="true" box="[151,349,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="550">Zosterops virens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F768B129B020F861305044FA" author="Sundevall, C. J." box="[357,617,1950,1976]" pageId="29" pageNumber="550" pagination="96 - 111" refId="ref29984" refString="Sundevall, C. J. (1850) Foglar fran sodra Afrika. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar, 7 (4), 96 - 111." type="journal article" year="1850">Sundevall, 1850: 101</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B925B06F76BB12AB1D2FF68376743F3" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[151,1374,151,177]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">
VERBATIM
<typeStatus id="5496E5A4F76BB12AB042FF61330143EC" box="[263,312,158,174]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">TYPE</typeStatus>
LOCALITY: “
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB0F8FF68376A43F2" box="[445,1363,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">in Caffraria; tum inferiore, juxta P:t Natal, cum superiore sylvatica, ad 25° Lat:s.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337088DF76BB12AB182FF4436C04293" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B925B06F76BB12AB182FF4432EB43BB" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">
CURRENT STATUS:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB0D6FF4431B14397" authority="Sundevall, 1850" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1850" box="[403,904,186,213]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capensis" subSpecies="virens">
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB0D6FF4430844396" box="[403,701,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">Zosterops capensis virens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F76BB12AB38FFF4431B14397" author="Sundevall, C. J." box="[714,904,186,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" pagination="96 - 111" refId="ref29984" refString="Sundevall, C. J. (1850) Foglar fran sodra Afrika. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar, 7 (4), 96 - 111." type="journal article" year="1850">Sundevall, 1850</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB2DCFF4432F743BB" authority="(Dickinson &amp; Christidis 2014: 520)" baseAuthorityName="Dickinson &amp; Christidis" baseAuthorityPageNumber="520" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Zosteropidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F76BB12AB57AFF4432FF43BB" author="Dickinson, E. C. &amp; Christidis, L." pageId="30" pageNumber="551" refId="ref28395" refString="Dickinson, E. C. &amp; Christidis, L. (2014) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4 th Edition. Vol. 2. Passerines. Aves Press, Eastbourne, 752 pp." type="book" year="2014">Dickinson &amp; Christidis 2014: 520</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B925B06F76BB12AB182FEFC36C04293" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">
STATUS REFERENCE: Recognised as a full species (
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB39AFEFC31AC425E" box="[735,917,259,284]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB39AFEFC31AC425E" box="[735,917,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">Zosterops virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F76BB12AB283FEFC36A2425F" author="White, C. M. N." box="[966,1179,259,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" refId="ref30728" refString="White, C. M. N. (1963) A Revised Check List of African Flycatchers, Tits, Tree Creepers, Sunbirds, White-eyes, Honey eaters, Buntings, Finches, Weavers and Waxbills. Government Printer, Lusaka, 122 pp." type="book" year="1963">White 1963: 9293</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F76BB12AB595FEFC37A5425F" author="Moreau, R. E." box="[1232,1436,259,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" refId="ref29199" refString="Moreau, R. E. (1967) African Zosteropidae. In: Paynter Jr., R. A. (Ed.), Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 327 - 337." type="book" year="1967">Moreau 1967: 333</bibRefCitation>
(both include
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB077FED833BD4202" box="[306,388,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">atmorii</emphasis>
Sharpe, 1877 and
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB308FED831494203" authority="Sundevall, 1850" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1850" box="[589,880,294,321]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB308FED830944202" box="[589,685,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">capensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F76BB12AB3F0FED831494203" author="Sundevall, C. J." box="[693,880,294,321]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" pagination="96 - 111" refId="ref29984" refString="Sundevall, C. J. (1850) Foglar fran sodra Afrika. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar, 7 (4), 96 - 111." type="journal article" year="1850">Sundevall, 1850</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), and by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F76BB12AB290FED8370D4203" author="Smith, N. &amp; Bowie, R. C. K." box="[981,1332,294,321]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" pagination="822 - 823" refId="ref29855" refString="Smith, N. &amp; Bowie, R. C. K. (2005) Zosterops capensis. In: Hockey, P. A. R., Dean, W. R. J. &amp; Ryan, P. G. (Eds.), Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa, 7 th edition. John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town, pp. 822 - 823." type="book chapter" year="2005">Smith &amp; Bowie 2005: 823824</bibRefCitation>
(who include
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB19EFEB433144226" box="[219,301,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">atmorii</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB07EFEB4338A4227" box="[315,435,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">caniviridis</emphasis>
Clancey, 1962, and
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB3D2FEB430CE4226" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1850" box="[663,759,331,356]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB3D2FEB430CE4226" box="[663,759,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB2FAFEB436274226" box="[959,1054,331,356]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB2FAFEB436274226" box="[959,1054,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">Z. virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). See the taxonomic note in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F76BB12AB41CFEB4336842CB" author="Smith, N. &amp; Bowie, R. C. K." pageId="30" pageNumber="551" pagination="822 - 823" refId="ref29855" refString="Smith, N. &amp; Bowie, R. C. K. (2005) Zosterops capensis. In: Hockey, P. A. R., Dean, W. R. J. &amp; Ryan, P. G. (Eds.), Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa, 7 th edition. John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town, pp. 822 - 823." type="book chapter" year="2005">Smith &amp; Bowie (2005)</bibRefCitation>
: 822823), who state that “neither green (
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB262FE90319842CA" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1850" box="[807,929,367,392]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="capensis" variety="virens">
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB262FE90319842CA" box="[807,929,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">Z. v. virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB29DFE9036BF42CB" box="[984,1158,367,393]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" variety="caniviridis">
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB29DFE9036BF42CB" box="[984,1158,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">Z. v. caniviridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) nor grey (
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB440FE9037A542CA" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1850" box="[1285,1436,367,392]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="capensis" variety="capensis">
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB440FE9037A542CA" box="[1285,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">Z. v. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB189FE6C336D42EE" box="[204,340,403,428]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" variety="atmorii">
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB189FE6C336D42EE" box="[204,340,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">Z. v. atmorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) morphs are genetically distinguishable based on present sampling; we have taken the conservative route and subsumed
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB0F7FE4830584293" box="[434,609,439,465]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" variety="caniviridis">
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB0F7FE4830584293" box="[434,609,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">Z. v. caniviridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB3FDFE48310B4292" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1850" box="[696,818,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="capensis" variety="virens">
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB3FDFE48310B4292" box="[696,818,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">Z. v. virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB234FE4831C04292" box="[881,1017,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" variety="atmorii">
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB234FE4831C04292" box="[881,1017,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">Z. v. atmorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within
<taxonomicName id="4C2D2085F76BB12AB50AFE4836DC4292" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1850" box="[1103,1253,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="capensis" variety="capensis">
<emphasis id="B9598714F76BB12AB50AFE4836DC4292" box="[1103,1253,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">Z. v. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337088DF76BB12AB182FE2430D44057" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B925B06F76BB12AB182FE2433AB41B0" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">
<collectionCode id="ED3CC3C3F76BB12AB182FE2432C242B0" box="[199,251,475,501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">TYPE</collectionCode>
MATERIAL: Sundevall in his original description (1850:101) mentioned both males and females. According to his acquisition catalogue and catalogue of duplicates in combination, he must have had
<specimenCount id="9D2B908FF76BB12AB5A8FE0037A5415B" box="[1261,1436,511,537]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
at hand for the description.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC26F7F76BB12AB099FDDC311C417F" author="Gyldenstolpe, N." box="[476,805,546,573]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref28755" refString="Gyldenstolpe, N. (1926) Types of birds in the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm. Arkiv f or Zoologi, 19, 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1926">Gyldenstolpe (1926: 3435)</bibRefCitation>
referred to NRM 568709 [6675] as a “type”; which we treat as a
<typeStatus id="5496E5A4F76BB12AB043FDB8334B4123" box="[262,370,583,609]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation of this male collected
<date id="FF937DC6F76BB12AB249FDB931FF4123" box="[780,966,582,609]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" value="1840-08-15">
15 August
<quantity id="4CD5F6E3F76BB12AB2CEFDB831FF4123" box="[907,966,583,609]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6736" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" unit="in" value="1840.0">1840</quantity>
</date>
in Durban. The
<specimenCount id="9D2B908FF76BB12AB5C0FDB837514123" box="[1157,1384,583,609]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" type="generic" typeStatus="paralectotypes">four paralectotypes</specimenCount>
are: NRM 568710 [6676], a female collected
<date id="FF937DC6F76BB12AB3C1FD94311D41C7" box="[644,804,619,645]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" value="1840-06-12">
12 June
<quantity id="4CD5F6E3F76BB12AB3ACFD94311D41C7" box="[745,804,619,645]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6736" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" unit="in" value="1840.0">1840</quantity>
</date>
in Durban; NRM 90140115 [6674], a male collected
<date id="FF937DC6F76BB12AB1D2FD70334341EB" box="[151,378,655,681]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" value="1843-09-24">
24 September
<quantity id="4CD5F6E3F76BB12AB07AFD70334341EB" box="[319,378,655,681]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.68122" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" unit="in" value="1843.0">1843</quantity>
</date>
in Matlapengberg; NRM 90140114 [6673], a male collected
<date id="FF937DC6F76BB12AB566FD70368E41EB" box="[1059,1207,655,681]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" value="1840-06-29">
29 June
<quantity id="4CD5F6E3F76BB12AB53AFD70368E41EB" box="[1151,1207,655,681]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6736" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" unit="in" value="1840.0">1840</quantity>
</date>
in Pietermaritzburg; and a male [4703] collected
<date id="FF937DC6F76BB12AB09FFD4C308C418F" box="[474,693,691,717]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" value="1839-09-30">
30 September
<quantity id="4CD5F6E3F76BB12AB338FD4C308C418F" box="[637,693,691,717]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67106" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" unit="in" value="1839.0">1839</quantity>
</date>
in Durban and sent on exchange to
<collectingRegion id="49E995E4F76BB12AB50AFD4C36AC418F" box="[1103,1173,691,717]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">Berlin</collectingRegion>
in 1853 (but not found in the ZMB database).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B925B06F76BB12AB182FD0430D44057" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[199,749,763,789]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">
<materialsCitation id="3B45515BF76BB12AB182FD0430D14057" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3766756389" box="[199,744,763,789]" collectionCode="VERIFIED" location="Durban" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="ED3CC3C3F76BB12AB182FD04331A4050" box="[199,291,763,789]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">VERIFIED</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="5496E5A4F76BB12AB06FFCFD33624050" box="[298,347,770,786]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">TYPE</typeStatus>
LOCALITY:
<location id="8EF20DDDF76BB12AB096FD0430134057" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384EA10F768B12AB1D2F8603303401F:8EF20DDDF76BB12AB096FD0430134057" box="[467,554,763,789]" name="Durban" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">Durban</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E995E4F76BB12AB370FD0430D14057" box="[565,744,763,789]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337088DF76BB12AB182FCE03303401F" pageId="30" pageNumber="551" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B925B06F76BB12AB182FCE03303401F" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="30" pageNumber="551">COMMENTS: There is no entry in the journal, but dates and places are in line with other specimens collected at the same time.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>