156 lines
23 KiB
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156 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="788567ACB9D4D2E40809808A876449AD" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930701248643" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5234077" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629522291997" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2007" docId="F107878CFFC1FFDFFE1CF993FCD98E8F" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.41.9-12.633-645.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 41 (9 - 12)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701248643" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8.4:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hypsistozoa Brewin 1953" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="638" masterDocId="0D3EFFF4FFC5FFD8FFABFFAAFF988C25" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic affinities of three stalked colonial species of the Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from the central coast of New South Wales and indications of a trans-Tasman connection" masterLastPageNumber="645" masterPageNumber="633" pageNumber="636" updateTime="1699075735125" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="1E23D1EE41ABDC6018B3FFD267F527CF">Taxonomic affinities of three stalked colonial species of the Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from the central coast of New South Wales and indications of a trans-Tasman connection</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="55A4EC61D4731D03359082DAAC7617CD">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6CD7CF2D84AF6652B0F521C76490E666">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="523EE136B33018BBCC2A5B671ED42AF6">
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<mods:date id="FB9F9FC1C42B3EA5DCEDE70F91F7CACC">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D7ACCEFDA3B68C434F8092CDB3C8ECEA">2007-06-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8FC5285DB49AAA8F279C84FAAED89499">41</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0F47D4C012B073947824B3E721652C5D">9 - 12</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="79E3FC0F9614A3D02B9D026B80D41FB9" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930701248643</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AB066E517853951636A9DCFA51AEDB51" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F107878CFFC1FFDFFE1CF993FCD98E8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5234087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5234087" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F107878CFFC1FFDFFE1CF993FCD98E8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F107878CFFC1FFDFFE1CF993FCD98E8F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="638" pageId="4" pageNumber="636">
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<subSubSection id="31B46511FFC1FFDCFE1CF993FCC58A74" box="[439,861,1593,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="636" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7911369AFFC1FFDCFE1CF993FCC58A74" blockId="4.[439,861,1561,1617]" box="[439,861,1593,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="636">
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<heading id="225981F6FFC1FFDCFE1CF993FCC58A74" box="[439,861,1593,1617]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="636" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC1FFDCFE1CF993FD918A74" bold="true" box="[439,521,1593,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="636">Genus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC1FFDCFDB9F993FCC58A74" ID-CoL="7PLCP" authority="Brewin, 1953" authorityName="Brewin" authorityYear="1953" box="[530,861,1593,1617]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Hypsistozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC1FFDCFDB9F993FC8D8A74" bold="true" box="[530,789,1593,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="636">
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<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC1FFDCFDB9F993FD288A74" bold="true" box="[530,688,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="636">Hypsistozoa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1D3F4B6BFFC1FFDCFD13F993FC8D8A74" author="Brewin BI" box="[696,789,1593,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="636" pagination="53 - 64" refId="ref6263" refString="Brewin BI. 1953. Australian ascidians of the sub-family Holozoinae and a review of the sub-family. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 81 (1): 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="1953">Brewin</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC1FFDCFC8DF993FCC58A74" bold="true" box="[806,861,1593,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="636">1953</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="31B46511FFC1FFDFFFD6F9DFFCD98E8F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="639" pageId="4" pageNumber="636" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="7911369AFFC1FFDCFFD6F9DFFD688AA8" blockId="4.[125,752,1653,1677]" box="[125,752,1653,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="636">
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<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC1FFDCFFD6F9DFFEB38AA8" bold="true" box="[125,299,1653,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="636">
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<typeStatus id="A6158838FFC1FFDCFFD6F9DFFF258AA8" box="[125,189,1653,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="636">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC1FFDCFE9FF9DFFD688AA8" ID-CoL="36WJP" authority="Michaelsen, 1924" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1924" box="[308,752,1653,1677]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasmeriana">
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<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC1FFDCFE9FF9DFFD8F8AA8" box="[308,535,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="636">Distaplia fasmeriana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1D3F4B6BFFC1FFDCFD8BF9DFFD688AA8" author="Michaelsen W" box="[544,752,1653,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="636" pagination="263 - 434" refId="ref7246" refString="Michaelsen W. 1924. Ascidiae Krikobranchiae von Neuseeland, den Chatham und den Auckland Inseln. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Koebnhavn 77: 263 - 434." type="journal article" year="1924">Michaelsen, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7911369AFFC0FFDDFF21FF23FC798ECD" blockId="5.[138,1185,137,1684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="637">
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Only two species are known. Both have stalked colonies with soft transparent test, although the outer layer of the stalk is often horny. As in other genera (
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<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC0FFDDFCFEFF03FC378CE4" ID-CoL="7Q3DK" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1832" box="[853,943,169,193]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Sycozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="637" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC0FFDDFCFEFF03FC378CE4" box="[853,943,169,193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="637">Sycozoa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC0FFDDFC42FF03FBD48CE4" ID-CoL="7NX79" authorityName="Della Valle" authorityYear="1881" box="[1001,1100,169,193]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="637" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC0FFDDFC42FF03FBD48CE4" box="[1001,1100,169,193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="637">Distaplia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) of the
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<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC0FFDDFF21FF63FE8A8CC4" ID-CoL="7NJNJ" authorityName="Berrill" authorityYear="1950" box="[138,274,201,225]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="637" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Holozoidae</taxonomicName>
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, zooids are arranged in well-organised, circular to elongate common cloacal systems, large sessile atrial openings have a pronounced anterior lip and expose a large part of the branchial sac directly to the regular circular or longitudinal cavities or canals, branchial sacs have four rows of long, narrow stigmata crossed by parastigmatic vessels, replicates are generated from the vegetative stolon at the posterior end of the zooid in a process involving the epicardial sac, fertilisation is in a brood pouch formed by a U-shaped loop of the oviduct that projects out from the postero-dorsal corner of the thorax and larval adhesive organs, each consisting of a terminal cone of adhesive cells in a shallow epidermal cup on a large bulbous stalk, are triradially arranged at the anterior end of the larval trunk.
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<bibRefCitation id="1D3F4B6BFFC0FFDDFF21FE47FEB08E20" author="Kott P" box="[138,296,493,517]" pageId="5" pageNumber="637" pagination="1 - 266" refId="ref6941" refString="Kott P. 1990. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 2, Aplousobranchia (1). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (1): 1 - 266." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott’s (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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report of muscle bands extending along the abdomen and the broad posterior abdominal vegetative stolon of the present genus is incorrect, muscles in the present genus as in all
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<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC0FFDDFF41FD84FEF68E63" ID-CoL="7NJNJ" authorityName="Berrill" authorityYear="1950" box="[234,366,558,582]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="637" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Holozoidae</taxonomicName>
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being confined to the thorax. However, the present genus is unique in the position of its gonads in the top of the posterior abdominal extension (rather than in the loop of the gut or in a sac attached to the zooid on the right side of the gut as in other genera of the
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<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC0FFDDFF74FD25FEF28E82" ID-CoL="7NJNJ" authorityName="Berrill" authorityYear="1950" box="[223,362,655,679]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="637" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Holozoidae</taxonomicName>
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). In the larvae, the S-shaped larval vegetative stolon, prolific larval budding, larval endodermal tubes and associated ectotrophic membranes are unique characteristics of
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<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC0FFDDFEFDFD7AFE418ECD" ID-CoL="7PLCP" authorityName="Brewin" authorityYear="1953" box="[342,473,720,744]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Hypsistozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="637" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC0FFDDFEFDFD7AFE418ECD" box="[342,473,720,744]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="637">Hypsistozoa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="1D3F4B6BFFC0FFDDFDB2FD7AFD5C8ECD" author="Brewin BI" box="[537,708,720,744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="637" pagination="435 - 454" refId="ref6300" refString="Brewin BI. 1956. The growth and development of a viviparous compound ascidian, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, series 3, Hypsistozoa fasmeriana 97 (3): 435 - 454." type="journal article" year="1956">Brewin (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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and references therein).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7911369AFFC0FFDDFF0EFD5BFCD28AB1" blockId="5.[138,1185,137,1684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="637">
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<bibRefCitation id="1D3F4B6BFFC0FFDDFF0EFD5BFECA8F2C" author="Brewin BI" box="[165,338,753,777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="637" pagination="435 - 454" refId="ref6300" refString="Brewin BI. 1956. The growth and development of a viviparous compound ascidian, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, series 3, Hypsistozoa fasmeriana 97 (3): 435 - 454." type="journal article" year="1956">Brewin (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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first documented the development of the embryo of the
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<collectingCountry id="01B9760AFFC0FFDDFBA9FD5BFB388F2C" box="[1026,1184,753,777]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="637">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC0FFDDFF21FCBBFDE08F0C" ID-CoL="6MSRK" authority="(Michaelsen, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[138,632,785,809]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Hypsistozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="637" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasmeriana">
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<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC0FFDDFF21FCBBFE138F0C" box="[138,395,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="637">Hypsistozoa fasmeriana</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1D3F4B6BFFC0FFDDFE31FCBBFDF78F0C" author="Michaelsen W" box="[410,623,785,809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="637" pagination="263 - 434" refId="ref7246" refString="Michaelsen W. 1924. Ascidiae Krikobranchiae von Neuseeland, den Chatham und den Auckland Inseln. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Koebnhavn 77: 263 - 434." type="journal article" year="1924">Michaelsen, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, describing its large stolon producing an unusually large number (up to 14) of blastozooids and the pair of straight endodermal tubes from the larval oesophageal endoderm to the upper surface of the larval ectoderm just behind the cerebral vesicle on each side of the dorsal mid-line (connecting the lumen of the larval oesophagus to the interior of the oviduct where it forms the brood pouch). A very thin ectotrophic membrane, circular in outline and lobed around its outer margins, is formed as an external flap from the ectoderm on each side of the external openings of the endodermal tubes. These membranes enclose the sides of the larval trunk outside the larval tunic. The deep rounded scallops around the outside of each ectotrophic membrane interdigitate with one another around the anterior and ventral margins of the larval trunk. The endodermal tubes and the flimsy bilateral ectotrophic membranes are of doubtful homology and appear to be unique in the
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<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC0FFDDFEC1FBDCFE7188AB" ID-CoL="85" box="[362,489,1142,1166]" class="Ascidiacea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="637" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Ascidiacea</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="1D3F4B6BFFC0FFDDFE58FBDCFD0488AB" author="Brewin BI" box="[499,668,1142,1166]" pageId="5" pageNumber="637" pagination="435 - 454" refId="ref6300" refString="Brewin BI. 1956. The growth and development of a viviparous compound ascidian, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, series 3, Hypsistozoa fasmeriana 97 (3): 435 - 454." type="journal article" year="1956">Brewin (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed that the endodermal tubes provide a route for nutriment for the developing yolk-free larva. The evidence for this proposal is entirely circumstantial, viz. that such a source of nutriment would be needed through the five and a half months of larval development and the fact that the tubes open into the oesophagus. The provenance of the food that would pass down the oviduct into the brood pouch, and thence into the endodermal tubes is problematical, however, incurrent water (from which food has already been filtered by the mucous net before it passes through the pharyngeal wall) is not known to enter the oviduct. Nor is there an apparent role for the ectotrophic membranes that envelop the whole larva while it remains in the brood pouch. There is no evidence supporting Brewin’s suggested placenta-type role of diffusion of nutrients across the ectotrophic membranes as an important source of nutriment during the later stages of embryonic development. The absence of test over the ectotrophic membranes is offered in support of this role for the membranes but again the evidence is circumstantial and neither homologues nor even analogues of these structures have been identified in other organisms. In the absence of yolk, some of the needed energy for the developing embryo may come from the thick layers of follicle cells around the embryo rather than from the exogenous source that Brewin implied.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="2DD16612FFC3FFDEFFD6FA24FC738A2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5234079" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5234079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5234079/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="638" startId="6.[125,185,1422,1441]" targetBox="[128,1169,135,1386]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="7911369AFFC3FFDEFFD6FA24FC738A2E" blockId="6.[125,1173,1422,1547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="638">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC3FFDEFF77FA24FE018984" ID-CoL="3BTRT" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="1990" box="[220,409,1422,1441]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Euclavella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="claviformis">
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<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC3FFDEFF77FA24FE018984" box="[220,409,1422,1441]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="638">Euclavella claviformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(QM G308883): (A) colony; (B) developmental sequence of embryos in the distal part of the oviduct forming a collar around the top of the oesophageal neck.
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<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC3FFDEFC2CFA02FBC2899E" ID-CoL="6N53P" baseAuthorityName="Herdman" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[903,1114,1448,1467]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Hypsistozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="distomoides">
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<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC3FFDEFC2CFA02FBC2899E" box="[903,1114,1448,1467]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="638">Hypsistozoa distomoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(QM G308880): (C) colony; (D) zooid; (E) zooid (with denticles on the atrial lip); (F) larva (left side with ectotrophic membranes pulled away from the trunk); (G) larva (with ectotrophic membranes intact); (H) larva (right side with ectotrophic membranes pulled away from the trunk). Scale bars: A, B, 10 mm; C–G, 0.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="7911369AFFC3FFDFFF33F991FCD98E8F" blockId="6.[125,1172,1595,1684]" lastBlockId="7.[138,1185,593,682]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="639" pageId="6" pageNumber="638">
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On the basis of the position of their gonads,
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<bibRefCitation id="1D3F4B6BFFC3FFDEFD31F991FCBF8A76" author="Kott P" box="[666,807,1595,1619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="638" pagination="1 - 266" refId="ref6941" refString="Kott P. 1990. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 2, Aplousobranchia (1). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (1): 1 - 266." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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assigned Australian specimens, formerly thought to be
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<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC3FFDEFE34F9F1FCF38A56" ID-CoL="36WJK" authority="(Herdman, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Herdman" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[415,875,1627,1651]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="distomoides">
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<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC3FFDEFE34F9F1FD108A56" box="[415,648,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="638">Distaplia distomoides</emphasis>
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(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="1D3F4B6BFFC3FFDEFD36F9F1FCFA8A56" author="Herdman WA" box="[669,866,1627,1651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="638" pagination="1 - 139" refId="ref6714" refString="Herdman WA. 1899. Descriptive catalogue of the Tunicata in the Australian Museum. Australian Museum, Sydney, Catalogue 17: 1 - 139." type="journal article" year="1899">Herdman, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC3FFDEFC0BF9F1FF5E8AB1" ID-CoL="7PLCP" authority="(Brewin, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Brewin" baseAuthorityYear="1953" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Hypsistozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC3FFDEFC0BF9F1FBBB8A56" box="[928,1059,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="638">Hypsistozoa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D3F4B6BFFC3FFDEFB9CF9F1FF258AB1" author="Brewin BI" pageId="6" pageNumber="638" pagination="53 - 64" refId="ref6263" refString="Brewin BI. 1953. Australian ascidians of the sub-family Holozoinae and a review of the sub-family. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 81 (1): 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="1953">Brewin, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The newly recorded specimens of the Australian species resemble those of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01B9760AFFC3FFDFFBF5F9D6FF7F8E4C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="639" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="638">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
species and the single embryos in each long-stalked brood pouch confirm
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D3F4B6BFFC2FFDFFBF2FDFBFF428EAF" author="Kott P" pageId="7" pageNumber="639" pagination="1 - 266" refId="ref6941" refString="Kott P. 1990. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 2, Aplousobranchia (1). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (1): 1 - 266." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott’s (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assignation of the Australian species and establish that the larvae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D3F4B6BFFC2FFDFFC7BFDD8FBF78EAF" author="Brewin BI" box="[976,1135,626,650]" pageId="7" pageNumber="639" pagination="435 - 454" refId="ref6300" refString="Brewin BI. 1956. The growth and development of a viviparous compound ascidian, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, series 3, Hypsistozoa fasmeriana 97 (3): 435 - 454." type="journal article" year="1956">Brewin (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D3F4B6BFFC2FFDFFF21FD38FF5E8E8F" author="Brewin BI" box="[138,198,658,682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="639" pagination="575 - 589" refId="ref6411" refString="Brewin BI. 1959. An account of larval budding in the compound ascidian, Hypsistozoa fasmeriana. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, series 3, 100 (4): 575 - 589." type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described are characteristic of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEAE4D19FFC2FFDFFD1DFD38FCA18E8F" ID-CoL="7PLCP" baseAuthorityName="Brewin" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[694,825,658,682]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Hypsistozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="639" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BDAEA88FFC2FFDFFD1DFD38FCA18E8F" box="[694,825,658,682]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="639">Hypsistozoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |