301 lines
32 KiB
XML
301 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1135-171" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7AE9AE47AE865F1F9B799290E6933A69" ID-ZooBank="6A4AD3D3E71044A781D41A1C6CD32F5C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1135-171" checkinTime="1671114572421" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Runyon, Justin B., Beckendorf, Eric & Hesler, Louis S." docDate="2022" docId="FD262334806C51BF92ED0FF2E6174DF7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1135: 171-180" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1135" docPubDate="2022-12-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026" docTitle="Chrysotus soya Runyon 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="6D62898C-990C-4547-B3EA-9D8835489A15" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="7AE9AE47AE865F1F9B799290E6933A69" lastPageNumber="171" masterDocId="7AE9AE47AE865F1F9B799290E6933A69" masterDocTitle="A new species of Chrysotus Meigen (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) from soybean fields in South Dakota, USA" masterLastPageNumber="180" masterPageNumber="171" pageNumber="171" updateTime="1671114572421" updateUser="pensoft">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A new species of Chrysotus Meigen (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) from soybean fields in South Dakota, USA</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Runyon, Justin B.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0271-0511</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1648 S. 7 th Avenue, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jrunyon@montana.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Beckendorf, Eric</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 2923 Medary Avenue, Brookings, South Dakota 57006, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hesler, Louis S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-2865</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 2923 Medary Avenue, Brookings, South Dakota 57006, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2022-12-14</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>1135</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>171</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>180</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1135-171</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6A4AD3D3E71044A781D41A1C6CD32F5C</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7AE9AE47AE865F1F9B799290E6933A69</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6D62898C-990C-4547-B3EA-9D8835489A15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD262334806C51BF92ED0FF2E6174DF7" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/6D62898C-990C-4547-B3EA-9D8835489A15" authority="Runyon" authorityName="Runyon" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotus soya" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soya" status="sp. nov.">Chrysotus soya Runyon</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="171">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Habitus, antenna, and fore and mid femora of the male holotype of Chrysotus soya sp. nov. 1 habitus, left lateral view 2 antenna, medial view 3 fore (top) and mid (bottom) femora, posterior view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781968" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Figs 1-3</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 4. Female habitus of Chrysotus soya sp. nov. In some specimens the dark coloration on the fore and mid femora is reduced, and in a few specimens, the fore and mid femora are entirely yellow." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781969" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5, 6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 5, 6. Male and female terminalia of Chrysotus soya sp. nov., left lateral view 5 hypopygium of male 6 ovipositor of female. Abbreviations: ac - acanthophorite; epand - epandrium; ep lobe - epandrial lobe; ms - membranous swelling; pgon - postgonite; ph sheath - sheath of phallus; s - sternite; t - tergite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures5-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781970" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">, 5, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7, 8" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 7, 8. Egg extracted from abdomen of female Chrysotus soya sp. nov. 7 egg, lateral view 8 anterior tip of egg. Arrows indicate the micropyle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781971" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">, 7-8</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
, ♂ labelled: "South Dakota: Brookings Co/ North Central Ag[ricultural] Res.[earch] Lab/ soybean, 44.3388°, -96.7924° / 11 Aug 2021, red pan traps/ L. Hesler & E. Beckendorf"; "HOLOTYPE/ ♂
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1824" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Chrysotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Runyon" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotus soya" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soya">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Chrysotus soya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Runyon [red label]" (USNM, type number USNMENT01828501).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
: South Dakota
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: 4 ♂, 57 ♀, same data as holotype (USNM, MTEC, NCARL).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Montana</emphasis>
|
||
: 1 ♂, Dawson Co., 1.5 km southwest of Glendive,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.093354" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.093353">47.093354°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="104.72388" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-104.72388">104.72388°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 625 m, 10 July 2019, bee bowls, J. Brower (MTEC); 1 ♀, Sheridan Co., N Westby Road,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.88642" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.88642">48.88642°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="104.06082" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-104.06082">104.06082°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 644 m, 29-30 August 2020, bee bowls, Z. Pritchard & J. Botti (MTEC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781968" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" start="Figures 1–3" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Figures 1-3.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus, antenna, and fore and mid femora of the male holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Runyon" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotus soya" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soya">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Chrysotus soya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">1</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, left lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">2</emphasis>
|
||
antenna, medial view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">3</emphasis>
|
||
fore (top) and mid (bottom) femora, posterior view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781969" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" start="Figure 4" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Female habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Runyon" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotus soya" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soya">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Chrysotus soya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. In some specimens the dark coloration on the fore and mid femora is reduced, and in a few specimens, the fore and mid femora are entirely yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures5-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781970" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" start="Figures 5, 6" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Figures 5, 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Male and female terminalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Runyon" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotus soya" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soya">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Chrysotus soya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., left lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">5</emphasis>
|
||
hypopygium of male
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">6</emphasis>
|
||
ovipositor of female. Abbreviations: ac - acanthophorite; epand - epandrium; ep lobe - epandrial lobe; ms - membranous swelling; pgon - postgonite; ph sheath - sheath of phallus; s - sternite; t - tergite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Runyon" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotus soya" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soya">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Chrysotus soya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from other known New World species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1824" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Chrysotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following combination of characters: eyes contiguous below antenna; antenna entirely black (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Habitus, antenna, and fore and mid femora of the male holotype of Chrysotus soya sp. nov. 1 habitus, left lateral view 2 antenna, medial view 3 fore (top) and mid (bottom) femora, posterior view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781968" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">2</figureCitation>
|
||
); palpus yellow, small, oval; calypteral setae and halteres white; legs lacking male secondary sexual characteristics; and the distinct coloration of the femora (dark brown, except base and apex of fore and mid femora and nearly basal half of hind femora yellow; Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Habitus, antenna, and fore and mid femora of the male holotype of Chrysotus soya sp. nov. 1 habitus, left lateral view 2 antenna, medial view 3 fore (top) and mid (bottom) femora, posterior view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781968" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Habitus, antenna, and fore and mid femora of the male holotype of Chrysotus soya sp. nov. 1 habitus, left lateral view 2 antenna, medial view 3 fore (top) and mid (bottom) femora, posterior view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781968" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">3</figureCitation>
|
||
) with tibiae entirely yellow. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Van Duzee, MC" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" pagination="3 - 53" refId="B15" refString="Van Duzee, MC, 1924. A revision of the North American species of the dipterous genus Chrysotus. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 13: 3 - 53" title="A revision of the North American species of the dipterous genus Chrysotus." volume="13" year="1924">Van Duzee (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. soya" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="soya">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">C. soya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. fits in the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. choricus" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="choricus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">C. choricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group and keys to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. parvicornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="parvicornis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">C. parvicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Van Duzee (=
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. exiguus" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="exiguus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">C. exiguus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Van Duzee), but the latter species has dark femora with only the extreme tips yellow. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, H" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" pagination="103 - 192" refId="B12" refString="Robinson, H, 1964. A synopsis of the Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the southeastern United States and adjacent regions. Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America 4: 103 - 192" title="A synopsis of the Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the southeastern United States and adjacent regions." volume="4" year="1964">Robinson (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. soya" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="soya">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">C. soya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. keys to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. flavicauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" rank="species" species="flavicauda">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">C. flavicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Van Duzee, but this species differs in having black calypteral setae and a yellowish hypopygium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Habitus, antenna, and fore and mid femora of the male holotype of Chrysotus soya sp. nov. 1 habitus, left lateral view 2 antenna, medial view 3 fore (top) and mid (bottom) femora, posterior view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781968" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">1-3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5, 6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 5, 6. Male and female terminalia of Chrysotus soya sp. nov., left lateral view 5 hypopygium of male 6 ovipositor of female. Abbreviations: ac - acanthophorite; epand - epandrium; ep lobe - epandrial lobe; ms - membranous swelling; pgon - postgonite; ph sheath - sheath of phallus; s - sternite; t - tergite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures5-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781970" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">5</figureCitation>
|
||
): body length 1.9-2.0 mm; wing length 1.7-1.8 mm.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: eyes contiguous below, with anterior ommatidia slightly enlarged; upper face narrowly triangular, metallic green with dense light brown pruinosity along eye margins. Frons metallic green with bronze reflections and sparse light brown pruinosity. Postcranium metallic green with stronger bronze reflections and brown pruinosity. Palpus small, oval, light yellow, with 2-3 yellow to light brown setae. Proboscis small, brown with fine brown hairs along margin. Antenna (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Habitus, antenna, and fore and mid femora of the male holotype of Chrysotus soya sp. nov. 1 habitus, left lateral view 2 antenna, medial view 3 fore (top) and mid (bottom) femora, posterior view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781968" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) entirely black; scape short, funnel-shaped; pedicel subequal in length to scape, spheroidal with subapical circlet of setulae; postpedicel reniform, 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than long, with a small point below insertion of arista-like stylus; arista-like stylus inserted just lateral to apex, length about 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
combined length of scape, pedicel and postpedicel. Postocular setae white with uppermost setae grading to dark brown.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: scutum and scutellum metallic green-blue with strong bronze reflections and sparse light brown pruinosity; about 6 pairs of biseriate acrostichal setae in offset rows; 6 pairs of dorsocentral setae, anterior-most pair small; scutellum with 1 pair of large marginal setae and 1 pair of small lateral setae. Pleuron metallic bluish green with dense gray pruinosity; 2-3 pale setae on lower proepisternum.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Habitus, antenna, and fore and mid femora of the male holotype of Chrysotus soya sp. nov. 1 habitus, left lateral view 2 antenna, medial view 3 fore (top) and mid (bottom) femora, posterior view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781968" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Habitus, antenna, and fore and mid femora of the male holotype of Chrysotus soya sp. nov. 1 habitus, left lateral view 2 antenna, medial view 3 fore (top) and mid (bottom) femora, posterior view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781968" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">3</figureCitation>
|
||
): coxae concolorous with pleuron but often slightly browner, with yellow apices; fore coxa with white to yellow-white setae; setae of mid coxa usually white but light brown in one specimen; hind coxa bare except for white to light brown anterodorsal seta. Trochanters yellow. Fore and mid femora yellow at base and apex, with broad dark brown band with green-blue reflections around middle; hind femur yellow with approximately apical half dark brown with green-blue reflections, dark coloration extending further towards base dorsally and ventrally; hind femur with 2-3 distinct anteroventral setae near tip. Tibiae entirely yellow; fore tibia with small anterodorsal seta near 1/4; mid tibia with large anterodorsal seta near 1/4 and 1/2, 2-3 indistinct posterodorsal setae on basal half, and apical ring of 4 setae with ventral seta strongest; hind tibia with anterodorsal seta near 1/4 and 1/2, 4-5 smaller posterodorsal setae, and apical ring of 4 setae. Tarsi unmodified, yellow with distal tarsomeres becoming brown, all legs with small claws and very small pulvilli. Ratios of tibia:tarsomeres for foreleg: 20-10-5-4-3-4; for midleg: 26-14-6-5-4-4; for hindleg: 24-8-6-4-3-2.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Habitus, antenna, and fore and mid femora of the male holotype of Chrysotus soya sp. nov. 1 habitus, left lateral view 2 antenna, medial view 3 fore (top) and mid (bottom) femora, posterior view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781968" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">1</figureCitation>
|
||
): hyaline, narrowly elliptical, without anal lobe. Vein R2+3 nearly straight and slightly but evenly diverging from R4+5. Veins R4+5 and M1 slightly diverging before to just beyond crossvein dm-cu, then nearly parallel in apical fourth of wing. Vein M1 ending before wing apex. Crossvein dm-cu placed near 2/5 of wing length, about one-fifth as long as last part of CuA1. Calypter white with white setae. Halter stem yellow, knob white.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: cylindrical, only slightly tapering to apex. Tergites dark metallic green-blue with bronze reflections and sparse gray pruinosity, with dark brown to black setae; tergite 6 with numerous setae. Sternites concolorous with tergites; basal sternites with whitish setae, distal sternites with brown to black setae; sternite 8 covering hypopygial foramen, with small setae. Hypopygium (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5, 6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 5, 6. Male and female terminalia of Chrysotus soya sp. nov., left lateral view 5 hypopygium of male 6 ovipositor of female. Abbreviations: ac - acanthophorite; epand - epandrium; ep lobe - epandrial lobe; ms - membranous swelling; pgon - postgonite; ph sheath - sheath of phallus; s - sternite; t - tergite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures5-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781970" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) partially embedded in tip of abdomen. Hypopygial foramen left lateral. Epandrium dark brown, ventral two-thirds shiny, dorsal one-third covered with minute pale setulae; ventroapical epandrial lobe rather flattened, with 3 broad lobes each bearing a pale seta. Surstylus shining brown, broadened ventrally near base; in lateral view, narrowed apically with slightly broadened and shallowly bilobed apex; in ventral view, spatulate; with apical small pale seta and 2-3 smaller subapical setulae. Cercus pale brown with numerous pale hairs and setae. Phallus narrow with sharply pointed apex; encircled by external membranous sheath that is expanded dorsally, this expanded area contains numerous narrowly-triangular spicules. Postgonites rather large, broadly rounded and covered with sparse microtrichia apically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 4. Female habitus of Chrysotus soya sp. nov. In some specimens the dark coloration on the fore and mid femora is reduced, and in a few specimens, the fore and mid femora are entirely yellow." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781969" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5, 6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 5, 6. Male and female terminalia of Chrysotus soya sp. nov., left lateral view 5 hypopygium of male 6 ovipositor of female. Abbreviations: ac - acanthophorite; epand - epandrium; ep lobe - epandrial lobe; ms - membranous swelling; pgon - postgonite; ph sheath - sheath of phallus; s - sternite; t - tergite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures5-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781970" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">6</figureCitation>
|
||
): body length 2.2-2.8 mm, wing length 2.0-2.5 mm. Similar to male except as follows:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: face wide (width subequal to width of postpedicel), nearly parallel-sided, covered with dense light gray pruinosity which becomes yellowish along eyes. Palpi larger, yellow with base brownish, covered with yellow microtrichia and about five yellow to light brown setae. Postpedicel slightly shorter and wider (2.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than long).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: fore and mid femora with dark brown banding often reduced to nearly absent (in a few specimens, the fore and mid femora are entirely yellow).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: broader, more abruptly tapering to apex. Terminalia (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5, 6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 5, 6. Male and female terminalia of Chrysotus soya sp. nov., left lateral view 5 hypopygium of male 6 ovipositor of female. Abbreviations: ac - acanthophorite; epand - epandrium; ep lobe - epandrial lobe; ms - membranous swelling; pgon - postgonite; ph sheath - sheath of phallus; s - sternite; t - tergite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures5-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781970" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1824" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Chrysotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2018.07.3.2" author="Capellari, RS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" pagination="51 - 57" refId="B3" refString="Capellari, RS, 2018. Gynandromorphs in Chrysotus spectabilis (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) and considerations for sclerite homology for the Diptera Terminalia. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 7 (3): 51 - 57, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2018.07.3.2" title="Gynandromorphs in Chrysotus spectabilis (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) and considerations for sclerite homology for the Diptera Terminalia." url="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2018.07.3.2" volume="7" year="2018">Capellari 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Acanthophorites (syntergites 9+10) each with four spines.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Eggs</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7, 8" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 7, 8. Egg extracted from abdomen of female Chrysotus soya sp. nov. 7 egg, lateral view 8 anterior tip of egg. Arrows indicate the micropyle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781971" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7, 8" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 7, 8. Egg extracted from abdomen of female Chrysotus soya sp. nov. 7 egg, lateral view 8 anterior tip of egg. Arrows indicate the micropyle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781971" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">8</figureCitation>
|
||
): one dissected female contained seven eggs within the abdomen. These eggs were light yellow in color, elongate oval in shape, and of uniform size: approximate length 650
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 170
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Chorion smooth and shiny. Yolk homogenous and evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Micropyle located at the anterior tip. No other structures (e.g., aeropyles, nucleus) could be detected using light microscopy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">soya</emphasis>
|
||
is derived from soya bean, a common name of soybean,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Glycine" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glycine max" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="max">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Glycine max</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and should be regarded as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Montana, South Dakota.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
A heavily female-biased sex ratio of approximately 10:1 (females:males) was found in specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Runyon" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotus soya" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soya">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Chrysotus soya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. collected in South Dakota soybean fields. This skewed sex ratio occurred in both sets of specimens used in this study, those collected in red pan traps in 2021 (57 females, 5 males), and those collected on red sticky traps in 2016-2017 (1978 females, 218 males). Whether this reflects the true sex ratio is unclear, as females could be more attracted to red color than males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1135.95026.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781971" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" start="Figures 7, 8" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Figures 7, 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Egg extracted from abdomen of female
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Runyon" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Chrysotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysotus soya" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soya">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Chrysotus soya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">7</emphasis>
|
||
egg, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">8</emphasis>
|
||
anterior tip of egg. Arrows indicate the micropyle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |