232 lines
17 KiB
XML
232 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3368363" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6de1cdbb-5c8e-4f58-b9e0-1790503ef0a5" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3368363" approvalRequired="35" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="2" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="13" checkinTime="1565788152416" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Cope, E. D." docDate="1876" docId="820987CAAF47FFF6805EFAF6FDA1FE7B" docLanguage="en" docName="Cope1976b.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 28" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Scapherpeton Cope ED 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="355" masterDocId="7E30FFB2AF4AFFF98112FFEBFFD6FF9C" masterDocTitle="On some extinct reptiles and batrachia from the Judith River and Fox Hills beds of Montana" masterLastPageNumber="359" masterPageNumber="340" pageNumber="353" updateTime="1645445794220" updateUser="jeremy">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>On some extinct reptiles and batrachia from the Judith River and Fox Hills beds of Montana</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cope, E. D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>1876</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>1876-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>340</mods:start>
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<mods:end>359</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3368363</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6de1cdbb-5c8e-4f58-b9e0-1790503ef0a5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3368363</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4562172" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159128691" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4562172" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:820987CAAF47FFF6805EFAF6FDA1FE7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/820987CAAF47FFF6805EFAF6FDA1FE7B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="13" pageNumber="353">
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<subSubSection box="[332,564,1309,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="353" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[62,835,1309,1473]" box="[332,564,1309,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="353">
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<taxonomicName authority="Cope" authorityName="Cope ED" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="Cope" box="[332,564,1309,1329]" class="Amphibia" family="Scapherpetontidae" genus="Scapherpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="Genus novum">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[332,503,1309,1325]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="353">SCAPHERPETON</emphasis>
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, Cope.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="13" pageNumber="353" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[62,835,1309,1473]" lastBlockId="14.[125,902,180,1480]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="354" pageId="13" pageNumber="353">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[93,262,1347,1366]" pageId="13" pageNumber="353" rank="genus">
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Genus
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<emphasis box="[187,262,1352,1366]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="353">novum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis box="[285,452,1347,1366]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="353">Batrachiarum</emphasis>
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. Vertebrae deeply biconcave, with opposed, but not continuous, foramina for the chorda dorsalis. Neural arch with zygapophyses,
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<emphasis box="[532,573,1414,1432]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="353">and</emphasis>
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well-developed neural spine. Centrum
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[273,323,1445,1464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="353">with</emphasis>
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vertically compressed, short diapophysis near
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,473,180,205]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">the posterior extremity</emphasis>
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, a prominent hypapophysial keel, and prolonged neural
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[394,452,212,237]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">spine</emphasis>
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. Supposed
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[613,716,212,237]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">proximal</emphasis>
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limb bone
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[851,900,213,232]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">with</emphasis>
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a branch-like trochanter. Supposed teeth in several
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">rows, attached</emphasis>
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in shallow alveoli, those of the
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[588,690,278,303]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">marginal</emphasis>
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series larger;
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[867,902,278,296]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">the</emphasis>
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crowns
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[219,316,311,336]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">obtusely</emphasis>
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conic and
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[447,527,310,335]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">simple.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[125,902,180,1480]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">
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In the above diagnosis are expressed the general characters of
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<emphasis box="[890,902,349,362]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">a</emphasis>
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genus of probably tailed
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Macartney" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[422,538,375,394]" class="Batrachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachia" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
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<emphasis box="[422,538,375,394]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">Batrachia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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which has left
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[718,840,376,394]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">remains of</emphasis>
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several species in the Judith River beds of the Upper
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[713,812,407,427]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">Missouri</emphasis>
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region.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,238,441,466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">Although</emphasis>
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the vertebrae
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[420,520,441,459]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">resemble</emphasis>
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no little those of clepsydrops, Cope, a
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[219,424,473,498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">rhynchocephalian</emphasis>
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lizard
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[507,674,473,498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">from supposed</emphasis>
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triassic or permian formations,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[268,304,506,525]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">the</emphasis>
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atlas
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[380,397,507,525]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">is</emphasis>
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that of a
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[519,721,506,525]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">batrachian. The</emphasis>
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limb bone
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[856,901,511,530]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">probably</emphasis>
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belonging to it, is
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,486,538,557]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">unlike</emphasis>
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that of any genus of the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" box="[800,901,538,557]" class="Amphibia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Proteida" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
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<emphasis box="[800,901,538,557]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">Proteida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" box="[170,341,570,595]" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachystomata" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
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<emphasis box="[170,341,570,595]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">Trachystomata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, differing also from that of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1825" baseAuthorityName="Cope" box="[720,842,571,595]" class="Amphibia" family="Cryptobranchidae" genus="Menopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Menopoma</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[864,902,570,589]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">but</emphasis>
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approaching nearly that of
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[456,583,603,628]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">the typical</emphasis>
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salamanders.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[774,818,603,622]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">The</emphasis>
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diapophyses are different in form from those of the
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" box="[732,901,636,661]" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachystomata" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
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<emphasis box="[732,901,636,661]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">Trachystomata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" box="[127,229,668,688]" class="Amphibia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Proteida" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Proteida</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" baseAuthorityName="Cope" box="[297,456,669,694]" class="Amphibia" family="Amphiumidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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<emphasis box="[297,456,669,694]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">Amphiumidae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but resemble in their vertical compression those of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1825" baseAuthorityName="Cope" box="[340,463,702,725]" class="Amphibia" family="Cryptobranchidae" genus="Menopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Menopoma</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,602,701,726]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">They are</emphasis>
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generally broken in the specimens, but
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[313,381,734,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">where</emphasis>
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preserved, are much shorter than in that genus, being even less produced
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[522,572,767,785]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">than</emphasis>
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in most of the
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[766,836,769,786]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">recent</emphasis>
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salamanders. The prominent keel of
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[549,680,799,818]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">the median</emphasis>
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line below is not found in salamanders, and it has no posterior prolongation resembling the structure seen
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[454,474,865,883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">in</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Garden" authorityYear="1821" baseAuthorityName="Cope" box="[492,621,865,890]" class="Amphibia" family="Amphiumidae" genus="Amphiuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[492,621,865,890]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">Amphiuma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" box="[699,814,865,884]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Caeciliidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[856,900,865,884]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">The</emphasis>
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produced neural spine is a character not found among tailed
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Macartney" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[127,243,930,949]" class="Batrachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachia" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Batrachia</taxonomicName>
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, and the posterior direction which it takes reminds one of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1906" baseAuthorityName="Cope" box="[211,345,963,981]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
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<emphasis box="[211,345,963,981]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">Dinosauria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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more than anything else, and is not
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[814,856,964,982]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">like</emphasis>
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the
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,181,995,1014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">form</emphasis>
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seen in Lacertilia. It
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[489,534,995,1014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">is a</emphasis>
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prolongation of the
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">roof-like extension</emphasis>
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of
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[290,325,1028,1047]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">the</emphasis>
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neural arch seen in some of
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[698,734,1029,1047]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">the</emphasis>
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tertiary
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[849,901,1029,1048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">salamanders</emphasis>
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of France.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[125,902,180,1480]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">
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The structure of the
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[410,514,1094,1118]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">proximal</emphasis>
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limb bone, and the form of the diapophyses of the vertebrae refer this genus
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[689,737,1127,1146]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">with</emphasis>
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much
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<emphasis box="[828,901,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">probability</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[198,221,1161,1178]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">to</emphasis>
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the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" box="[286,376,1160,1179]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Urodela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">Urodela</taxonomicName>
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. The produced neural arch, and the probably
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[200,295,1192,1216]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">complex</emphasis>
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disposition
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<emphasis box="[444,467,1193,1211]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">of</emphasis>
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the teeth,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[597,712,1193,1212]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">indicate a</emphasis>
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family different from any of those now living.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[531,575,1225,1245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">The</emphasis>
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biconcave
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[722,794,1228,1245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">centra</emphasis>
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place it nearest to the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hallowell" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Cope" box="[299,468,1258,1283]" class="Amphibia" family="Amblystomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Amblystomidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[125,902,180,1480]" lastBlockId="15.[66,843,175,492]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">
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The teeth above mentioned are attached to a fragment of a jaw-bone.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[206,339,1323,1342]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">The crowns</emphasis>
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are
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[394,421,1323,1341]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">all</emphasis>
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imperfect, and mostly broken off. There are three series of smaller teeth and a marginal series of teeth of one hall‘ greater diameter. They exhibit a moderate pulp cavity, and the superficial investment of the crowns
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[607,625,1422,1440]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">is</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[635,673,1424,1440]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">not</emphasis>
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inflected. lt has a
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,206,1454,1473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">minute</emphasis>
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granular
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<emphasis box="[329,427,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">rugosity</emphasis>
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, and the bases of the
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[703,760,1455,1473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="354">teeth</emphasis>
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are rugose with impressed punctae. The teeth are described here because it is not
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,230,208,226]" pageId="15" pageNumber="355">known</emphasis>
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to which species they belong. It is, indeed, not certain, but only probable, that they belong to this genus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="15.[66,843,175,492]" pageId="15" pageNumber="355">
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Four atlases preserved indicate two
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<emphasis box="[546,626,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="355">species</emphasis>
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; one being more
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[67,178,304,329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="355">depressed</emphasis>
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than the other three, and the anterior cotyli therefore
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[67,124,343,355]" pageId="15" pageNumber="355">more</emphasis>
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transverse.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="15.[66,843,175,492]" pageId="15" pageNumber="355">
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The vertebrae indicate four species. It is probable that they present some pecularities at different points in the same column, the caudals at least differing in some degree from the others. The characters of the species are quite
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[482,527,468,486]" pageId="15" pageNumber="355">well</emphasis>
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marked.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |