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<document id="7E28718A794CC0CAB49F393EEAC8F749" ID-DOI="10.6620/ZS.2020.59-19" ID-ISSN="1810-522X" ID-PMC="PMC7688397" ID-PubMed="33262843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12822130" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721921729937" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hirose, Euichi &amp; Nozawa, Yoko" docDate="2020" docId="13473026FFCB6128A672EE05FE8984E2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolStud.59.19.1-11.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Studies 59 (19)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12822057" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F.1:ZoolStud.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F" docStyleName="ZoolStud.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Trididemnum cyclops Michaelsen 1921" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="EF7E485EFFCE612EA52DEF38FF8C8617" masterDocTitle="Fig. 6 in Bruggmanniella sanlianensis Lin, Yang &amp; Tokuda, 2020, sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1721923056177" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2E51BC24FB5030DE62995C204D737A49">Fig. 6 in Bruggmanniella sanlianensis Lin, Yang &amp; Tokuda, 2020, sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CEBBD07D38B68DFBCC22D268B35ACF56">Hirose, Euichi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="393E3BFA7D6AB57669D1BD808D2E8216">Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan. * Correspondence: E-mail: euichi @ sci. u-ryukyu. ac. jp (Hirose)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6F6185A0CCFF692E5C19FF778CDEED22">Nozawa, Yoko</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BDEED11BC70CD9AF72303B2463761903">Biodiversity Research Center, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan. E-mail: nozaway @ gate. sinica. edu. tw (Nozawa)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="BF8A7CA94353C4C11957E3C4E2E752EF">Zoological Studies</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0088E42253C8900EDFF843C28B6EFBC7">2020</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="D3F4D2BBFFCB612BA672EE05FB0A8798" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9B518130FFCB612BA672EE05FADF8741" blockId="5.[863,1363,317,342]" box="[863,1363,317,342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="C019365CFFCB612BA672EE05FADF8741" bold="true" box="[863,1363,317,342]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCB612BA672EE05FADF8741" ID-CoL="58NXW" authority="Michaelsen, 1921" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1921" box="[863,1363,317,342]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCB612BA672EE05FADF8741" bold="true" box="[863,1363,317,342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCB612BA672EE05FBFE8741" bold="true" box="[863,1138,317,342]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trididemnum cyclops</emphasis>
Michaelsen, 1921
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B518130FFCB612BA600EE44FB0A8798" blockId="5.[813,1158,380,399]" box="[813,1158,380,399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Specimens: NMNS-8141-025 (Shimen).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3F4D2BBFFCB6128A644EE80FE8984E2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="9B518130FFCB6128A644EE80FE8984E2" blockId="5.[813,1415,440,624]" lastBlockId="6.[174,777,253,757]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The colonies were oval or elongated cushions and aggregated on a side wall of a tide pool (
<figureCitation id="03D59DB5FFCB612BA1CEEEE0FAB287E7" box="[1251,1342,472,496]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1813,1832]" captionTargetBox="[137,1413,684,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-139@5.[136,1413,684,1788]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Lissoclinum and Trididemnum species. (A, B), Lissoclinum bistratum at Gonzibi (A, colony; B, tunic spicules). (C–E), Lissoclinum midui at Gonzibi (C, colony; D, thorax; E, tunic spicules). (F–H), Lissoclinum punctatum at Gonzibi (F, colony; G tunic phycocyte; H, tunic spicules). (I–L), Trididemnum clinides at Shimen (I, colony; J, tunic spicules; K, unicellular cyanobacteria in the tunic; L, filamentous, multicellular cyanobacteria in the tunic). (M–P), Trididemnum cyclops at Shimen (M, colony; N, tunic spicules; O, enlargement of colony surface showing a zooid; P, thorax). Arrows in O and P indicate pigmentation at the top of endostyle (pigment cap). an, anus; fp, fecal pellet; g, greenish cyanobacteria; n, nucleus of tunic phycocyte; r, reddish cyanobacterium; un, unknown organ. Scale bars: B, E, G, H, J–L, N, and O = 20 µm; D and P = 0.1 mm; O = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12822138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12822138/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
). They were green due to
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFCB612BA12DEEC0FBF08407" authorityName="R.A.Lewin" authorityYear="1977" box="[1024,1148,504,528]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Prochloraceae" genus="Prochloron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Chroococcales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFCB612BA12DEEC0FBF08407" box="[1024,1148,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Prochloron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the common cloacal cavities, while the colony peripheries and substratum side were white due to tunic spicules with burred surfaces (
<figureCitation id="03D59DB5FFCB612BA6BEED60FC648467" box="[915,1000,600,624]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1813,1832]" captionTargetBox="[137,1413,684,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-139@5.[136,1413,684,1788]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Lissoclinum and Trididemnum species. (A, B), Lissoclinum bistratum at Gonzibi (A, colony; B, tunic spicules). (C–E), Lissoclinum midui at Gonzibi (C, colony; D, thorax; E, tunic spicules). (F–H), Lissoclinum punctatum at Gonzibi (F, colony; G tunic phycocyte; H, tunic spicules). (I–L), Trididemnum clinides at Shimen (I, colony; J, tunic spicules; K, unicellular cyanobacteria in the tunic; L, filamentous, multicellular cyanobacteria in the tunic). (M–P), Trididemnum cyclops at Shimen (M, colony; N, tunic spicules; O, enlargement of colony surface showing a zooid; P, thorax). Arrows in O and P indicate pigmentation at the top of endostyle (pigment cap). an, anus; fp, fecal pellet; g, greenish cyanobacteria; n, nucleus of tunic phycocyte; r, reddish cyanobacterium; un, unknown organ. Scale bars: B, E, G, H, J–L, N, and O = 20 µm; D and P = 0.1 mm; O = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12822138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12822138/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3N</figureCitation>
). In an enlarged image of the colonies, there was a black spot in each zooid (
<figureCitation id="03D59DB5FFC86128A77DEFC5FD2B8701" box="[592,679,253,278]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1813,1832]" captionTargetBox="[137,1413,684,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-139@5.[136,1413,684,1788]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Lissoclinum and Trididemnum species. (A, B), Lissoclinum bistratum at Gonzibi (A, colony; B, tunic spicules). (C–E), Lissoclinum midui at Gonzibi (C, colony; D, thorax; E, tunic spicules). (F–H), Lissoclinum punctatum at Gonzibi (F, colony; G tunic phycocyte; H, tunic spicules). (I–L), Trididemnum clinides at Shimen (I, colony; J, tunic spicules; K, unicellular cyanobacteria in the tunic; L, filamentous, multicellular cyanobacteria in the tunic). (M–P), Trididemnum cyclops at Shimen (M, colony; N, tunic spicules; O, enlargement of colony surface showing a zooid; P, thorax). Arrows in O and P indicate pigmentation at the top of endostyle (pigment cap). an, anus; fp, fecal pellet; g, greenish cyanobacteria; n, nucleus of tunic phycocyte; r, reddish cyanobacterium; un, unknown organ. Scale bars: B, E, G, H, J–L, N, and O = 20 µm; D and P = 0.1 mm; O = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12822138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12822138/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3O</figureCitation>
). This is a black (or dark brown) pigmentation at the apical end of the endostyle referred to as pigment cap (
<figureCitation id="03D59DB5FFC86128A789EE05FD758741" box="[676,761,317,342]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1813,1832]" captionTargetBox="[137,1413,684,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-139@5.[136,1413,684,1788]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Lissoclinum and Trididemnum species. (A, B), Lissoclinum bistratum at Gonzibi (A, colony; B, tunic spicules). (C–E), Lissoclinum midui at Gonzibi (C, colony; D, thorax; E, tunic spicules). (F–H), Lissoclinum punctatum at Gonzibi (F, colony; G tunic phycocyte; H, tunic spicules). (I–L), Trididemnum clinides at Shimen (I, colony; J, tunic spicules; K, unicellular cyanobacteria in the tunic; L, filamentous, multicellular cyanobacteria in the tunic). (M–P), Trididemnum cyclops at Shimen (M, colony; N, tunic spicules; O, enlargement of colony surface showing a zooid; P, thorax). Arrows in O and P indicate pigmentation at the top of endostyle (pigment cap). an, anus; fp, fecal pellet; g, greenish cyanobacteria; n, nucleus of tunic phycocyte; r, reddish cyanobacterium; un, unknown organ. Scale bars: B, E, G, H, J–L, N, and O = 20 µm; D and P = 0.1 mm; O = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12822138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12822138/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3P</figureCitation>
), which is unique to the
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFC86128A492EE66FDBF8762" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1921" box="[447,563,349,373]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFC86128A492EE66FDBF8762" box="[447,563,349,373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFC86128A75DEE65FE548781" authority="(Kott, 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Kott" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paracyclops">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFC86128A75DEE65FEB68782" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trididemnum paracyclops</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FF7FFCC1FFC86128A461EE46FE5C8781" author="Kott P." box="[332,464,382,406]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref7220" refString="Kott P. 1980. Algal-bearing didemnid ascidians in the Indo-West- Pacific. Mem Queensl Mus 20: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1980">Kott, 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Although
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFC86128A770EE46FC858782" baseAuthorityName="Kott" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[605,777,381,405]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paracyclops">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFC86128A770EE46FC858782" box="[605,777,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. paracyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFC86128A48EEEA6FD9F87A2" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1921" box="[419,531,413,437]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFC86128A48EEEA6FD9F87A2" box="[419,531,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by several characters such as larger colony size, colony shape, larger zooids, and the number of coils in the vas deferens (
<bibRefCitation id="FF7FFCC1FFC86128A7B7EEE6FC8487E1" author="Kott P." box="[666,776,478,502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref7220" refString="Kott P. 1980. Algal-bearing didemnid ascidians in the Indo-West- Pacific. Mem Queensl Mus 20: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1980">Kott 1980</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="FF7FFCC1FFC86128A59DEEC6FF648401" author="Kott P." box="[176,232,510,534]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 408" refId="ref7242" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea part 4, Aplousobranchia (3), Didemnidae. Mem Queensl Mus 47: 1 - 408." type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="FF7FFCC1FFC86128A5D6EEC5FDBE8401" author="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F." box="[251,562,509,534]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 155" refId="ref7484" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1987. Les ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Mem Mus Natl D'Hist Natur A 136: 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot and Monniot (1987)</bibRefCitation>
made no distinction between the two species. Although the size of the tunic spicules differed significantly between
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFC86128A7B7ED06FC8B8442" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1921" box="[666,775,573,597]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFC86128A7B7ED06FC8B8442" box="[666,775,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFC86128A5F2ED66FE0E8462" baseAuthorityName="Kott" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[223,386,605,629]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paracyclops">
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFC86128A5F2ED66FE0E8462" box="[223,386,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. paracyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the molecular phylogeny inferred from the partial
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFC86128A448ED46FE1F8482" box="[357,403,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">COI</emphasis>
sequences did not recognize two species (
<bibRefCitation id="FF7FFCC1FFC86128A426EDA5FE6E84A2" author="Hirose M &amp; Tochikubo T &amp; Hirose E." box="[267,482,669,693]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1065 - 1071" refId="ref6985" refString="Hirose M, Tochikubo T, Hirose E. 2010 b. Taxonomic significance of tunic spicules in photosymbiotic ascidians: a quantitative and molecular evaluation. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 90: 1065 - 1071. doi: 10.1017 / s 0025315409991263." type="journal article" year="2010">Hirose et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
). Based on the colony size and shape, the present specimens were identified as
<emphasis id="A99A5D22FFC86128A7DEED86FE8984E2" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="5CEEFAB3FFC86128A7DEED86FE8D84E2" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1921" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">T. cyclops</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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