157 lines
17 KiB
XML
157 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2CDE8691EF7ABF13A679E7B47EADF5DA">Atlas of European millipedes 2: Order Julida (Class Diplopoda)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="33D00FD5D5B43A59AF9C391E412DA5FD">Kime, Richard Desmond</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AE8EB479F22C9CEAB2235C77996F8B10">Email: deskime 2 @ aol. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 847 CC 68 F- 00 BF- 4 DAB- 8 E 53 - B 7 A 3384 D 66 C 1</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0DFC0FBC854469C3C866C7A59DC14CD1" type="email">deskime2@aol.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D0C27BC4C6C21A1003BD1B127F2EABC9">Enghoff, Henrik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5AF6666516A87C6C38201F6E0F3D9AD0" type="email">henghoff@snm.ku.dk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C9E56AF22E670DBF507174C53B50C390">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BE546567084EBB5B344B10855279ECEA">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="60D1AF6BB5FEE0E465CB79EFB664605A">2017-08-29</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="6ED23B8EFFE3FF84FDB94C7DFB92F895" box="[532,1055,1839,1866]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="26776805FFE3FF84FDB94C7DFB92F895" blockId="66.[532,1055,1839,1866]" box="[532,1055,1839,1866]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<heading id="7D3FDF69FFE3FF84FDB94C7DFB92F895" box="[532,1055,1839,1866]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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169.
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<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FFE3FF84FDE24C7DFB92F895" ID-CoL="9G4KP" authority="(Leach, 1815)" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[591,1055,1839,1866]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Cylindroiulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
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<emphasis id="14BCB417FFE3FF84FDE24C7DFCFEF895" bold="true" box="[591,883,1839,1866]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Cylindroiulus punctatus</emphasis>
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(Leach, 1815)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6ED23B8EFFE3FF84FF104C3BFD86F815" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="26776805FFE3FF84FF104C3BFD99F85B" blockId="66.[189,539,1897,1994]" box="[189,532,1897,1924]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<treatmentCitation id="A7694E14FFE3FF84FF104C3BFD99F85B" box="[189,532,1897,1924]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FFE3FF84FF104C3BFD9DF85B" ID-CoL="6NFFJ" authority="Leach, 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[189,528,1897,1924]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Julus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
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<emphasis id="14BCB417FFE3FF84FF104C3BFEF9F85C" box="[189,372,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Julus punctatus</emphasis>
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Leach, 1815
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26776805FFE3FF84FF104CDEFD96F879" blockId="66.[189,539,1897,1994]" box="[189,539,1932,1958]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="06D84F2BFFE3FF84FF104CDEFD96F879" box="[189,539,1932,1958]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<treatmentCitation id="A7694E14FFE3FF84FF104CDEFD96F879" box="[189,539,1932,1958]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FFE3FF84FF104CDEFD9AF879" ID-CoL="6NBRN" authority="Meinert, 1868" authorityName="Meinert" authorityYear="1868" box="[189,535,1932,1958]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Iulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvarum">
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<emphasis id="14BCB417FFE3FF84FF104CDEFEEBF879" box="[189,358,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Iulus silvarum</emphasis>
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Meinert, 1868
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26776805FFE3FF84FF104CFDFD86F815" blockId="66.[189,539,1897,1994]" box="[189,523,1967,1994]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FFE3FF84FF104CFDFE41F816" ID-CoL="BSZP" baseAuthorityName="Meinert" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[189,460,1967,1993]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Cylindroiulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvarum">
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<emphasis id="14BCB417FFE3FF84FF104CFDFE41F816" box="[189,460,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Cylindroiulus silvarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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auct.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6ED23B8EFFE2FF85FF104A59FAFBFEA8" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="26776805FFE2FF85FF104A59FEDBFEFA" blockId="67.[189,342,267,293]" box="[189,342,267,293]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="14BCB417FFE2FF85FF104A59FEDBFEFA" bold="true" box="[189,342,267,293]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Distribution</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26776805FFE2FF85FF104A68FAFBFEA8" blockId="67.[189,1398,314,375]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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AT, BE,
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<collectingCountry id="5EDF2895FFE2FF85FE8B4A68FEDFFE8B" box="[294,338,314,340]" name="Switzerland" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">CH</collectingCountry>
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, CZ, DE, DK-DEN, ES-BAL, ES-SPA, FI, FR-FRA, GB-CI, GB-GRB, GB-NI, IE, LU, NL, NO-NOR, PL, SE. Extended Atlantic. – Also introduced into the Nearctic region (Newfoundland).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6ED23B8EFFE2FF85FF104ACCFA86FD23" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="26776805FFE2FF85FF104ACCFE90FE67" blockId="67.[189,285,414,440]" box="[189,285,414,440]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<heading id="7D3FDF69FFE2FF85FF104ACCFE90FE67" bold="true" box="[189,285,414,440]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="14BCB417FFE2FF85FF104ACCFE90FE67" bold="true" box="[189,285,414,440]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Habitat</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26776805FFE2FF85FF104A9EFD67FD49" blockId="67.[189,1399,460,663]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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Woodland of all sorts, most frequently in dead and decaying wood and under the bark of dead trees and branches. However, it migrates vertically and is found in leaf litter especially from autumn to spring and in the soil when it is cold. It is hygrophile and accumulates in rather deep decomposing litter and the underlying humus on silty soils in particular (
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<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FFE2FF85FD7C4964FC5AFD8F" author="Kime R. D. & Wauthy G." box="[721,983,566,592]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="387 - 402" refId="ref58919" refString="Kime R. D. & Wauthy G. 1984. Aspects of relationships between millipedes, soil texture and temperature in deciduous forests. Pedobiologia 26: 387 - 402." type="journal article" year="1984">Kime & Wauthy 1984</bibRefCitation>
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) and extends into sandy heathlands (
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<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FFE2FF85FF68490BFEE9FDAB" author="Blower J. G." box="[197,356,601,628]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref55006" refString="Blower J. G. 1985. Millipedes. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 35: 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1985">Blower 1985</bibRefCitation>
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). It is found in hedges, arable land, parks, gardens and other places, generally associated with wood, yet is more rural than synanthropic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26776805FFE2FF85FF1049EDFA86FD23" blockId="67.[189,1399,702,764]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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It is a thermophile lowland species, although it occurs up to over
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<quantity id="E130C5E0FFE2FF85FC7449ECFBB9FD06" box="[985,1076,702,729]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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at its southern limit in the Mediterranean woodlands of
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<collectingRegion id="E40CA6E7FFE2FF85FDBB49B3FD07FD24" box="[534,650,737,763]" country="Spain" name="Catalunya" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Catalonia</collectingRegion>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FFE2FF85FD3849B3FCDFFD24" author="Schubart O." box="[661,850,737,763]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref61226" refString="Schubart O. 1934. Tausendfussler oder Myriapoda I: Diplopoda. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 28. Fischer, Jena." type="book" year="1934">Schubart (1934)</bibRefCitation>
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associated it with various ants’ nests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6ED23B8EFFE2FF85FF104871FB3BFBC4" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="26776805FFE2FF85FF104871FEA2FCE2" blockId="67.[189,303,803,829]" box="[189,303,803,829]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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||
<heading id="7D3FDF69FFE2FF85FF104871FEA2FCE2" bold="true" box="[189,303,803,829]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="14BCB417FFE2FF85FF104871FEA2FCE2" bold="true" box="[189,303,803,829]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Remarks</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26776805FFE2FF85FF104800FB3BFBC4" blockId="67.[189,1399,849,1052]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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Many studies of this species have been made, e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FFE2FF85FCBB4803FC49FCB3" author="Barlow C. A." box="[790,964,849,876]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="349 - 426" refId="ref54781" refString="Barlow C. A. 1957. A factorial analysis of distribution in three species of diplopods. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 100: 349 - 426." type="journal article" year="1957">Barlow (1957)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FFE2FF85FC7C4800FA8FFCB3" author="Breny R. & Biernaux J." box="[977,1282,849,876]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="269 - 326" refId="ref55167" refString="Breny R. & Biernaux J. 1966. Diplopodes belges: Position systematique et biotopes. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe royale d'Entomologie de Belgique 102. 269 - 326." type="journal article" year="1966">Breny & Biernaux (1966)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FFE2FF85FAA34803FE9CFC51" author="Banerjee B." pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="171 - 177" refId="ref54687" refString="Banerjee B. 1967 a. Seasonal changes of the distribution of the millipede Cylindroiulus punctatus (Leach) in decaying logs and soil. Journal of Animal Ecology 36: 171 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3020" type="journal article" year="1967">Banerjee (1967a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FFE2FF85FEB34826FEE1FC50" author="Banerjee B." box="[286,364,884,911]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="141 - 144" refId="ref54732" refString="Banerjee B. 1967 b. Diurnal and seasonal variations in the activity of the millipedes Cylindroiulus punctatus (Leach), Tachypodoiulus niger (Leach) and Polydesmus angustus Latzel. Oikos 18: 141 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3564643" type="journal article" year="1967">1967b</bibRefCitation>
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||
),
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<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FFE2FF85FE2C4826FDB4FC50" author="Haacker U." box="[385,569,884,911]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="87 - 129" refId="ref57934" refString="Haacker U. 1968. Deskriptive, experimentelle und vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Autokologie rhein-mainischer Diplopoden. Oecologia 1: 87 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00377255" type="journal article" year="1968">Haacker (1968)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FFE2FF85FDD94826FCCBFC51" author="Geoffroy J. - J." box="[628,838,884,910]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="357 - 373" refId="ref57549" refString="Geoffroy J. - J. 1981 a. Etude d'un ecosysteme forestier mixte. V. Traits generaux du peuplement de Diplopodes edaphiques. Revue d'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol 18: 357 - 373." type="journal article" year="1981">Geoffroy (1981a)</bibRefCitation>
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. It migrates vertically from the leaf litter or the soil in cold winters up into trees in the spring; in summer it may be found metres above the ground, descending again during the autumn. Its lowland Atlantic distribution is probably governed by the avoidance of cold winter temperatures. Wood and leaf litter are both important foods. It is a very common species, the most frequently recorded in Britain (
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<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FFE2FF85FD544F53FCE7FBC3" author="Lee P." box="[761,874,1025,1052]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref59549" refString="Lee P. 2006. Atlas of the Millipedes (Diplopoda) of Britain and Ireland. Pensoft, Sofia." type="book" year="2006">Lee 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and
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<collectingCountry id="5EDF2895FFE2FF85FC064F53FB9DFBC4" box="[939,1040,1025,1051]" name="Belgium" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Belgium</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FFE2FF85FB8D4F53FB27FBC4" author="Kime R. D." box="[1056,1194,1025,1051]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="35 - 68" refId="ref58775" refString="Kime R. D. 2004. The Belgian millipede fauna. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie 74: 35 - 68." type="journal article" year="2004">Kime 2004</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
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||
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