625 lines
84 KiB
XML
625 lines
84 KiB
XML
<document id="566E98B4D511FA832E661B86330CE689" ID-CLB-Dataset="300348" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147" ID-GBIF-Dataset="06a147da-4f99-4a61-9c8a-db99a7f99164" ID-ZooBank="BEF04EEA-B9D0-4220-9BC4-84208488CCF2" ID-publisher-id="119147" URI-arpha="DB1B34B8-CC15-5B53-8857-2128652E2F3E" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/BEF04EEA-B9D0-4220-9BC4-84208488CCF2" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1722264668390" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Manganelli, Giuseppe, Benocci, Andrea, Barbato, Debora & Giusti, Folco" docDate="2024" docId="ECB092BCC5B8515DA42A8B0AF2D7A34A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1208: 99-132" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1208" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/119147/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Opeas hannense" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="132" masterDocId="DB1B34B8CC155B5388572128652E2F3E" masterDocTitle="Five alien achatinid land snails (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata) first reported in greenhouses of Italian botanical gardens" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1722277814270" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="AB81E81B355262F445DDF16DB4F3AB50" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5BBD71365A21603715C384D239F89BC3">
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<mods:title id="AF7C29E7EBC90D4497EE5D25F10DE659">Five alien achatinid land snails (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata) first reported in greenhouses of Italian botanical gardens</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="61A223432AC7610289B31B1126B2DFF4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="35DF102769A34ECD712CC47A137E4A5D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5516494AAC6AC4699EE20CD530EF74B2">Manganelli, Giuseppe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B76C678B6AEE1574CC61CB2D991C2B47" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8453-280X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="19EC8CB44569AD376268E67BE4D7C649">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy & NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center), Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E92817BE6E2452A6B436CE38DA59A6B3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5AD590E1619E7BE9503140D0D3C12A6B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="62093A359FFF320BAF20382DAFEDE763">Benocci, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="01530017F104BFAC6BEA6CBF4079BC5A" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3145-215X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="B4CB0804CC780C83126020A4B0DE23B9">Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Accademia dei Fisiocritici, Piazzetta S. Gigli 2, 53100 Siena, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D71FE79E5FAA8E69950A2D09A537DE47" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DE1B38E5EFCFF8E0EAC8D5C1526A03D5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="084567F7E2C51C3F468BE1339E57CCE2">Barbato, Debora</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5B93558BD7BF506807E8FE106E74D7DE" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1105-1711</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="92071D076C305855A0BDE71C163EACE6">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy & NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center), Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="28576747348787462ACD4D49F912BE64">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B145A6E9CE582660E1977B5230D25483">Giusti, Folco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="535B9F290EF0D004712A4F3BC4A38580" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8722-4653</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="10F946A2721DCDA6AC62FE78D00BD935">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CC3B4AB767CA37C79DB61A56968DEA59">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7B2BBD41C2DF0E19412256F79FF842BA">
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<mods:title id="64A0901B375776BBF77715BE0E1592A4">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B3924A6BB290688D88895319088D95A8">
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<mods:date id="B7F5A6FE861EBCB29C3C205A13C957A3">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="70FDBDD518BBBC315DDAE5AACAE005A1">2024-07-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="87FC460A2645A991E60C28C6B21D20B8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D0B3CC1DA64865FB24C4A01F45BD628E">1208</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7CFC5F71A037B0E07EAF82F8A7F5F4E1">99</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E13FA7BB5ED9E09E2FD1B1E591F8EC8F">132</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="51DCDB73F9ABD8BD06638F4DAC6EE0C3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E7579C8EF34C1EE1607AA711CCEA651B" type="CLB-Dataset">300348</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="246EC226C03F9D10958604CD2F21AA11" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C7155691F5E2DACBEB2F596485C349E7" type="GBIF-Dataset">06a147da-4f99-4a61-9c8a-db99a7f99164</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="709D09C2A7238C22C972C338EB7FB82D" type="ZooBank">BEF04EEA-B9D0-4220-9BC4-84208488CCF2</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="ECB092BCC5B8515DA42A8B0AF2D7A34A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13126579" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13126579" ID-arpha="ECB092BC-C5B8-515D-A42A-8B0AF2D7A34A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ECB092BCC5B8515DA42A8B0AF2D7A34A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ECB092BCC5B8515DA42A8B0AF2D7A34A">
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<subSubSection id="69B2BAEF0B39AFAB3501DA7D97ABD721" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="330F07538C73D4781AAD7E1D0962DDD3">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7A7D833FF4B1BD7B651BFF0000E11FA3" authority="(Rang, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="Rang" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Subulinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hannense">
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<emphasis id="BB6214ACC6432CB336A363E298259160" italics="true">Opeas hannense</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38FDEC712EDA6315932E9863147CEBCB" author="Rang S" refId="B127" refString="Rang S (1831) Description des coquilles terrestres recueillies pendant un voyage a la cote occidentale d'Afrique, et au Bresil. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 24 (93): 5 - 63 [, pls. 1 - 3]." year="1831">Rang, 1831</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DDD6FE58E4C7287D843BBA8446F232CE" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="1E9ABCE98C0EA2EDB832564A7BD6CB75">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1602615A3A219DC0CD7A45C72AE217">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="26A2EE6422663587A4A43F2E001E7A96" author="Rang S" page="42" year="1831">
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||
<taxonomicName id="86344ABAB46C560130C10FA44D8DE009" authority="Rang, 1831: 41 - 42" authorityName="Rang" authorityPageNumber="41 - 42" authorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hannensis">
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<emphasis id="8BE06583FA6417B081C0815225F92ABA" italics="true">Helix hannensis</emphasis>
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<comment id="18FCB549A5B9D54DCAF026E7346A86EA">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="C09727F9F529F6DAFCE761C1A0ABECF2" author="Rang S" refId="B127" refString="Rang S (1831) Description des coquilles terrestres recueillies pendant un voyage a la cote occidentale d'Afrique, et au Bresil. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 24 (93): 5 - 63 [, pls. 1 - 3]." year="1831">Rang, 1831: 41–42</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 3, fig. 8. Type locality:
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<collectingCountry id="7D401F4A206B3F794B7EB6D9D7B107E8" name="Senegal">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="C2CCDFBF309686B9A226176D58AAEACA" name="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
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Peninsula, Hann village (“ village de Hann sur la presqu’île du Cap-Verd ”). Type material: unknown.
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</comment>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EORAG" type="material">
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||
<paragraph id="6226E17789C5512DD33F065843C63442">
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<heading id="E38B6D04DA5BFEA5B5C118F853219D99" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="900DA23F0FB529A4F8E0E84EA08ABD2A">
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<materialsCitation id="AD6AFB0A529529F3312D7611EF8DE6D8" collectingDate="2019-01-04" collectingDateMax="2019-05-04" collectingDateMin="2019-01-04" collectionCode="MUSE" collectorName="D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" location="Tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Trento" specimenCode="GMC 51196" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry id="4FC7A44690767227537585D53EB50C06" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
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• 47 shells and 1 spirit specimen;
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<collectingMunicipality id="AD5D1C37FB718AE02E026DDA0088FBDC">Trento</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<location id="5FC44D0902F7A201F42B15DD5214F6EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ECB092BCC5B8515DA42A8B0AF2D7A34A:5FC44D0902F7A201F42B15DD5214F6EE" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Trento" name="Tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento">Tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento</location>
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||
(
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||
<named-content id="680FB47404CD63C97DD5C6D4F9BE734B" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">
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||
<collectionCode id="5A01A3907A59B34E0BF4ADB3F61E8545" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" name="Museo delle Scienze" type="Museum">MUSE</collectionCode>
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||
</named-content>
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);
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||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E2RAG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[11.113911,46.062544]}">
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EA9C67B9085F9CC5849ECC810E677B97" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.16" value="46.062542">46 ° 03 ' 45.16 " N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EC0AC739859E35AF3ED01CFCD01FF3A8" degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="50.08" value="11.113912">11 ° 06 ' 50.08 " E</geoCoordinate>
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</named-content>
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||
;
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||
<date id="70B305FE174448678E32CFCA93C29D68" value="2019-01-04">
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<collectingDate id="918E810CFD9F98D729841D83E1DFF078" value="2019-01-04">4 Jan. 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<date id="FB05031CE06EE946204F5C2EF8D11ED3" value="2019-02-10">
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<collectingDate id="E2518EB60E1524249B45267241C49DE0" value="2019-02-10">10 Feb. 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<date id="79F4C2B3C638F9802D98EF01FAA84835" value="2019-05-04">
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||
<collectingDate id="D5E99F370AFD39E98D2EBEE76D85C994" value="2019-05-04">04 May 2019</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
;
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||
<collectorName id="F49C941EEBB53C0934CC54B8500B5680">D. Barbato</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="C4FC1705DE76DBE55E39258364687579">G. Bolzonella</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<specimenCode id="A4BA8E7255F901DD4AF3319F19F3EDB3" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 51196</specimenCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
•
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<materialsCitation id="FA978EF305C6CBFD20256A42B02AA0F1" collectingDate="2022-02-01" collectingDateMax="2019-05-04" collectingDateMin="2019-01-04" collectionCode="GMC" collectorName="D. Barbato & A. Benocci" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" location="Trento" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Tropical" specimenCode="GMC 51187" specimenCount="1">
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17 shells; same locality;
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<date id="AAF83ACDAF44789587ABA0317C0CAB81" value="2022-02-01">
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<collectingDate id="4BF73BF0E6BD2B6C2E49347AC475DFDA" value="2022-02-01">01 Feb. 2022</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
;
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||
<collectorName id="EC9B7800724C5CA73F4413160BDA8326">D. Barbato</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="13D2A20BB1D25C9EE5574AB40C2A0FB2">A. Benocci</collectorName>
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leg.;
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||
<specimenCode id="09F742E99FBC6D99BE3816798267CAAC" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 51187</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
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||
<materialsCitation id="54814483CA088647B7BCD1D1E56B3244" collectingDate="2023-02-02" collectingDateMax="2019-05-04" collectingDateMin="2019-01-04" collectionCode="GMC" collectorName="F. Rossi" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" location="Trento" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Tropical" specimenCode="GMC 57345" specimenCount="1">
|
||
1 shell; same locality;
|
||
<date id="C078AA578EAA5C24F6D56F12872EEB2D" value="2023-02-02">
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||
<collectingDate id="B58E959227B0E1054AD07B06FDA909B8" value="2023-02-02">02 Feb. 2023</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26DD4984265820BFCE777FB602530066">F. Rossi</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
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||
<specimenCode id="E23FDEE133F118CF5D11D819AFFB808E" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 57345</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6A207F316F5C379E01144BF9039C663E" collectingDate="2023-02-09" collectingDateMax="2019-05-04" collectingDateMin="2019-01-04" collectionCode="GMC" collectorName="D. Barbato & A. Benocci" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" location="Trento" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Tropical" specimenCode="GMC 57352" specimenCount="1">
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6 shells; same locality;
|
||
<date id="C982F6208937F6A36110200F6E612959" value="2023-02-09">
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||
<collectingDate id="B6BAFB92BA5198CB5AEE583386C3FCE1" value="2023-02-09">09 Feb. 2023</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="B309B69ED29324D19D2E8B3264CAAE9D">D. Barbato</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="EFD1F54370F02C24AA04B7D892E012D8">A. Benocci</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="B88CC9CB359583F0C5D3B133569AF2C4" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 57352</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EASAG" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C297155D6DF7749E0FBA3441B430DEF9">
|
||
<heading id="B6220913348483089D054F3C6007E374" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B88EFB8EFB309EB45ED7398963FDD3D">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBC1BE15D0301813AFAF2BA4BC1770F1" bold="true" italics="true">Shell</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
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<figureCitation id="0AB1341DDAD7177F838048C55E936D11" captionStart="Figures 17–20" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 17–20. Shells of Opeas hannense from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019. Shell material of this species belonged mainly to juveniles; the shells depicted in the figures were the best available, although some are from specimens that were not fully grown." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures17-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103571">17–20</figureCitation>
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). Dextral, very small in size, very minutely perforate, elongate, very slender, conical, rather robust, pearly off-white, glossy or waxy and sub-transparent when fresh, with 5–6 slightly convex whorls separated by moderately deep sutures. Apex obtuse, rounded, and smooth. Last whorl ~ ½ of shell height and less convex than preceding ones. Aperture small, ~ 1 / 3 of shell height, obliquely pyriform, slightly prosocline. Peristome interrupted, not thickened, only slightly reflected on columella, sometimes with subtle callous rim on parietum; columella straight; outer margin sinuous in lateral view (approximately inverse S-shaped). Protoconch smooth; teleoconch with weak irregular collabral growth lines. Shell dimensions:
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPSAG" xlink_title="shell height">SH</abbrev>
|
||
4.0–
|
||
<quantity id="B0C5A6E06382A8F94CA6F5CEDCFEB268" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETSAG" xlink_title="shell diameter">SD</abbrev>
|
||
<quantity id="BEB3BC074C0405AE481080296853266D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.8 mm</quantity>
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;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXSAG" xlink_title="aperture height">AH</abbrev>
|
||
<quantity id="176DF68FA795A550CBC0D4213AF021F5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2SAG" xlink_title="aperture width">AW</abbrev>
|
||
0.9–1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F2D448B1DCF8E73AAB0A9BF8F4AA0329" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures17-20" ID-arpha="070A9A95-5F33-5E2B-B827-52EF611438E9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103571" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph id="59826BA68F5A1AF2003095B96AF5702F">
|
||
<label id="57B8EAD99A98DDD3D5DECC668346DEFB">Figures 17–20.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="97E674B6A052115198E64ED190DCF51B">
|
||
Shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71FE2AFE89B79E128C4FA8DAC3E577" baseAuthorityName="Rang" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hannense">
|
||
<emphasis id="3E3F4DCEA952DD14EF325DA8F3AFC103" italics="true">Opeas hannense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (
|
||
<named-content id="59376CE725976B22D378193E7A1878D2" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">MUSE</named-content>
|
||
), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019. Shell material of this species belonged mainly to juveniles; the shells depicted in the figures were the best available, although some are from specimens that were not fully grown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="030C2D2E41FAAFE4D09240B60431067D">
|
||
<emphasis id="8E3C479EB50A72974E4BC8D202299705" bold="true" italics="true">Female distal genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="864F025A3660FA1C3CCF8F6FEE3AF857" captionStart="Figures 12–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 12–14. Genital anatomy of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses: 12, 13 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) and diagram of the proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019 14 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) of Opeas hannense from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures12-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103569">14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Free oviduct very short and wide. Bursa copulatrix sac-like, oval with short slender duct (as long as bursa copulatrix), initially not flared. Vagina very short and wide (as long as free oviduct).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB3C0D6B4C3A4872112ECC81DE51F1C1">
|
||
<emphasis id="C28AA7B205EEC587B7F1821F523E6DB9" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BB00739461EFB735A22589EF32F177D9" country="Maldives" name="Maale">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
distal genitalia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2899AEFA57A6838F48A8D1237E6622D1" captionStart="Figures 12–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 12–14. Genital anatomy of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses: 12, 13 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) and diagram of the proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019 14 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) of Opeas hannense from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures12-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103569">14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vas deferens almost uniform in diameter (very thin to thin along its entire length), entering penial complex at its proximal end. Penial complex apparently consisting only of penis. Penis short, almost uniformly cylindrical with thin short penial sheath enveloping its distal tract. Penial retractor muscle inserted on proximal end of penis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B2B367AFBEA5499270FCA2A2520A9220">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FD37450D67E7D81689B11B4D0E47D04" bold="true" italics="true">Genital atrium</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D3BA2D4E517FD1256CA36B422EEB50E1" captionStart="Figures 12–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 12–14. Genital anatomy of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses: 12, 13 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) and diagram of the proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019 14 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) of Opeas hannense from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures12-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103569">14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rather long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3UAG" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="4ED20B8D53068492A83B90C01C2AD858">
|
||
<heading id="6568B063196F0AED33377F2D67CCA917" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="46AA2FA25481E680C47A98BB20C913D4">
|
||
The species was first named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AC47480CF5D58858FA536DD6129C201" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="38154E959FA71176A7AF00A20DD262AC" italics="true">Helix clavulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8467A00BD7AA781EEC9D3102333EB39" author="Férussac AEJPJF d’Audebard" refId="B46" refString="Ferussac AEJPJF d'Audebard (1821) Tableaux systematiques des animaux mollusques suivis d'un Prodrome geneneral pour tous les mollusques terrestres ou fluviatiles vivantes ou fossiles. Livraison 11: 49 - 72 [Quarto edition]. Bailliere, Paris." year="1821">Férussac (1821: 52)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1428F18B8648310525E61588D6EFD994" name="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
and then
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96C8FF775F2D18D75A1123FAF9D3E1C8" authorityName="A. Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="goodalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9BF25A020C5FB28ECC5EAC4DCAC9C0A" italics="true">Helix goodalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0FC4220A73F02C801A6AC90C1EC435B" author="Miller JS" firstAuthor="Miller" issue="17" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Philosophy" page="381" pagination="376-381" refId="B90" refString="Miller JS (1822) A list of the freshwater and landshells occurring in the environment of Bristol, with observations. Annals of Philosophy 3 (17): 376–381. [New Series]" title="A list of the freshwater and landshells occurring in the environment of Bristol, with observations." volume="3" year="1822">Miller (1822: 381)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on specimens from near
|
||
<collectingRegion id="983B1F61EF6C6A38058D50FB6BC60A20" country="United Kingdom" name="City of Bristol">Bristol</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0C7522CA2BBDE809CC442A9B6D564491" name="United Kingdom">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Unfortunately Férussac’s name was not accompanied by a description, a definition, or an indication and so it is not available, whereas Miller’s name, extensively used until the early 20
|
||
<superScript id="B5E500D15307F67F6E2EA57D173EA919">th</superScript>
|
||
century (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1686F799343CFA8CB44752A4794C7FFB" author="Pilsbry HA" refId="B115" refString="Pilsbry HA (1906 b) Achatinidae: Stenogyrinae and Coeliaxinae. In: Tryon GW, Pilsbry HA. Manual of Conchology, Second Series: Pulmonata 18 (71): 161–262 [, pls. 21–34]. [Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia]">Pilsbry 1906 b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), turned out to be a junior homonym and was replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18938C667032007D8AC76F71B684591A" authorityName="L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1840" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Bulimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="205162FBA51CA897C1A47C8D685D03EB" italics="true">Bulimus pumilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BFDBE8FEFC3C4DA6D88D538583108430" author="Pfeiffer L" firstAuthor="Pfeiffer" journalOrPublisher="Archiv für Naturgeschichte" pagination="250-264" refId="B109" refString="Pfeiffer L (1840) Uebersicht der im Januar, Februar und März, 1839 auf Cuba gesammelten Mollusken. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 6: 250–264." title="Uebersicht der im Januar, Februar und März, 1839 auf Cuba gesammelten Mollusken." volume="6" year="1840">Pfeiffer (1840)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76E1809ACF620AAE3193C5A3D7A602F2" name="Cuba">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89B5F35F36513DE0A1345A99D0F43525" author="Pilsbry" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pagination="31-32" refId="B118" refString="Pilsbry HA (1910) On Opeas goodalli Miller. The Nautilus 24: 31–32." title="On Opeas goodalli Miller." volume="24" year="1910">Pilsbry 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="061867E8AA6D8EE0E6F87B7E9FBECBAA" author="Pilsbry HA" refId="B114" refString="Pilsbry HA (1906 a) Achatinidae: Stenogyrinae and Coeliaxinae. In: Tryon GW, Pilsbry HA. Manual of Conchology, Second Series: Pulmonata 18 (70): 65–160 [, pls. 11–20]. [Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia]">Pilsbry (1906 a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 141–142) also discussed the hypothesis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F2CB387BA713BC4D731AED8227DCF29F" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.10705" author="Wollaston TV" firstAuthor="Wollaston" page="510" refId="B177" refString="Wollaston TV (1878) Testacea Atlantica: Or the Land and Freshwater Shells of the Azores, Madeiras, Salvages, Canaries, Cape Verdes, and Saint Helena. L. Reeve & Company, [xi +] 588 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10705" year="1878">Wollaston (1878: 510)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="602B16A287F042B3D1CD9EA52E3C2C9F" authorityName="A. Ferussac" authorityYear="1821" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="goodalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDAB3ABB12AB25CEF5F9C8CEF34B2F42" italics="true">Helix goodalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB88854753BE76420F388D69EC17BEE6" authorityName="Rang" authorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hannense">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4F1DCC7C76C3AAC421B5F9FE6D69763" italics="true">Helix hannense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4CD73D0E30DAFD6570F6BEC42B6898B" author="Rang S" firstAuthor="Rang" refId="B127" refString="Rang S (1831) Description des coquilles terrestres recueillies pendant un voyage à la côte occidentale d’Afrique, et au Brésil. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 24 (93): 5–63 [, pls. 1–3]." year="1831">Rang (1831)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="96657BA754029F398E0D9D610B17DD1B" name="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
Peninsula,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91C32D71007E007620D3D0D250AC825B" name="Senegal">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, observing: “ whether this course was well-founded is a question which must remain unsettled until specimens from Rang’s original locality can be compared. ” Consequently he never adopted Rang’s name for this species (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25B12C1492B350F0BBC948FF656FE5D6" author="Pilsbry HA" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" page="181 - 182" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946: 181–182</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The synonymy of the two species was reproposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9859B168E57A158DC2A7BC8E6F2FA9C1" author="Groh K" firstAuthor="Groh" journalOrPublisher="Archiv für Molluskenkunde" pagination="159-223" refId="B58" refString="Groh K (1983) Revision der Land- und Süsswassergastropoden der Kapverdischen Inseln. Archiv für Molluskenkunde 113: 159–223." title="Revision der Land- und Süsswassergastropoden der Kapverdischen Inseln." volume="113" year="1983">Groh (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on study of the original descriptions and the literature, and has subsequently been adopted by most recent authors (e. g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FEDC9F75F06CCA8042355FAEF6BF8F57" author="von Proschwitz" firstAuthor="von Proschwitz" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pagination="184-185" refId="B171" refString="von Proschwitz T (1994) Lamellaxis clavulinus (Potiez & Michaud) as a greenhouse species in Sweden. Journal of Conchology 35 (2): 184–185." title="Lamellaxis clavulinus (Potiez & Michaud) as a greenhouse species in Sweden." volume="35" year="1994">von Proschwitz 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44A107BCC59F0CC3A03399CFBDBDE498" author="Cowie" firstAuthor="Cowie" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pagination="1-66" refId="B27" refString="Cowie RH (1997) Catalog and bibliography of the nonindigenous nonmarine snails and slugs of the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 50: 1–66." title="Catalog and bibliography of the nonindigenous nonmarine snails and slugs of the Hawaiian Islands." volume="50" year="1997">Cowie 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F7E17BA68CFF0342DE6BB4F10AA423E" author="Cowie" editor="Sherley G" firstAuthor="Cowie" journalOrPublisher="South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia" pagination="143-172" refId="B28" refString="Cowie RH (2000) Non-indigenous land and freshwater molluscs in the islands of the Pacific: conservation impacts and threats. In: Sherley G (Ed.) Invasive Species in The Pacific: A Technical Review and Regional Strategy. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia, 143–172." title="Non-indigenous land and freshwater molluscs in the islands of the Pacific: conservation impacts and threats." volumeTitle="Invasive Species in The Pacific: A Technical Review and Regional Strategy." year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E6334F7AD54799C1D1BA0AA85167FEBC" author="Chase and Robinson" firstAuthor="Chase" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pagination="33-57" refId="B23" refString="Chase R, Robinson DG (2001) The uncertain history of land snails on Barbados: Implications for conservation. Malacologia 43: 33–57." title="The uncertain history of land snails on Barbados: Implications for conservation." volume="43" year="2001">Chase and Robinson 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF7A24068C34C35AEF9B87B63FEFAFD6" author="Bank and Menkhorst" firstAuthor="Bank" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pagination="93-110" refId="B6" refString="Bank RA, Menkhorst HPMG (2008) Notes on the nomenclature of some land- and freshwater molluscs of the Seychelles, with consequences for taxa from Africa, Madagascar, India, the Philippines, Jamaica, and Europe. Basteria 72: 93–110." title="Notes on the nomenclature of some land- and freshwater molluscs of the Seychelles, with consequences for taxa from Africa, Madagascar, India, the Philippines, Jamaica, and Europe." volume="72" year="2008">Bank and Menkhorst 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7330EBE5FA8B15EA9C70B305F0AC3251" author="Gerber and Clark" firstAuthor="Gerber" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="American Conchologist" pagination="26-28" refId="B50" refString="Gerber J, Clark SA (2015) First record of the predatory land snail Streptostele (Tomostele) musaecola (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae) in the continental United States. American Conchologist 43 (2): 26–28." title="First record of the predatory land snail Streptostele (Tomostele) musaecola (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae) in the continental United States." volume="43" year="2015">Gerber and Clark 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B5D7EC41B8FC9353FBC0DB7F8740FE0" DOI="10.4002/040.063.0112" author="Horsak" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Horsak" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pagination="123-130" refId="B66" refString="Horsák M, Naggs F, Backeljau T (2020) Paropeas achatinaceum (Pfeiffer, 1846) and other alien subulinine and opeatine land snails in European greenhouses (Gastropoda, Achatinidae). Malacologia 63 (1): 123–130. https://doi.org/10.4002/040.063.0112" title="Paropeas achatinaceum (Pfeiffer, 1846) and other alien subulinine and opeatine land snails in European greenhouses (Gastropoda, Achatinidae)." volume="63" year="2020">Horsák et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Perplexity persists about the real identity of the species described by Rang. Only the dimensions, which are consistent with those of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85E1052ACC19331C0D3D84390760669E">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5DD2DFCA5902CD36E4F5C9C9F79A010" italics="true">Opeas</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, support Groh’s interpretation. Otherwise the situation remains as described by Pilsbry more than a hundred years ago: type material of Rang’s species is unknown; no one has reported or studied material from the type locality, which when Rang visited it, was a small village, today englobed in the city of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="720C8D48CF75922EBB3A43DCD8EAAF94" country="Senegal" name="Dakar">Dakar</collectingRegion>
|
||
(where a green area, the Parc forestier et zoologique de Hann, still survives in Hann); finally Rang’s description and illustration are completely inadequate to establish the identity of the species he treated; his figure depicts a snail with shell having all the whorls quite round, whereas this species has the last whorl almost flat (incidentally
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="731FF841F835DE77CEB500762812E2CF" author="Robinson" firstAuthor="Robinson" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pagination="413-438" refId="B131" refString="Robinson DG (1999) Alien invasions: The effects of the global economy on non-marine gastropod introductions into the United States. Malacologia 41: 413–438." title="Alien invasions: The effects of the global economy on non-marine gastropod introductions into the United States." volume="41" year="1999">Robinson (1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table 1) considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01A72F800868C30C502817D0AB7CE9A6" baseAuthorityName="Rang" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hannense">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D2509CCFD032C20D60FE42C45406477" italics="true">Opeas hannense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be absent from Africa).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E81EFB34607309FD2201A1ABD1974832">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="078F3F9E4AB93F0889984C8BAD8AEFDA" baseAuthorityName="Rang" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hannense">
|
||
<emphasis id="18E37E81345BEDC78A73BD0B7CBD7C8B" italics="true">Opeas hannense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is regarded as native to tropical America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0C84B5C7D1D53A5E7204E54E277E9205" author="Pilsbry" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F1C9DC5EB75FFEF7B4D8D0AE11BA967" author="Kerney and Cameron" firstAuthor="Kerney" journalOrPublisher="Collins, London" refId="B78" refString="Kerney MP, Cameron RAD (1979) A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe. Collins, London, 288 pp." title="A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe." year="1979">Kerney and Cameron 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0B6BDD31E0739AD0614A3CE192291BF4" author="Deisler and Abbott" firstAuthor="Deisler" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pagination="12-17" refId="B38" refString="Deisler JE, Abbott RT (1984) Range extensions of some introduced land mollusks in the Bahama Islands, with first reports for four species. The Nautilus 98 (1): 12–17." title="Range extensions of some introduced land mollusks in the Bahama Islands, with first reports for four species." volume="98" year="1984">Deisler and Abbott 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F227328CADB29D257E793602AC01913" author="Cowie" firstAuthor="Cowie" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pagination="1-66" refId="B27" refString="Cowie RH (1997) Catalog and bibliography of the nonindigenous nonmarine snails and slugs of the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 50: 1–66." title="Catalog and bibliography of the nonindigenous nonmarine snails and slugs of the Hawaiian Islands." volume="50" year="1997">Cowie 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B936CBFC44A608442378FCFAA5C0026F" DOI="10.1080/09670870802403986" author="Cowie" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cowie" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Pest Management" pagination="267-276" refId="B30" refString="Cowie RH, Hayes KA, Tran CT, Meyer WM III (2008) The horticultural industry as a vector of alien snails and slugs: Widespread invasions in Hawaii. International Journal of Pest Management 54 (4): 267–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670870802403986" title="The horticultural industry as a vector of alien snails and slugs: Widespread invasions in Hawaii." volume="54" year="2008">Cowie et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B17676444A4206E42EEB3D74E3C4B6CC" author="Brook" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Brook" journalOrPublisher="Tuhinga" pagination="75-98" refId="B19" refString="Brook FJ, Walter RK, Craig JA (2010) Changes in the terrestrial molluscan fauna of Miti’āro, southern Cook Islands. Tuhinga 21: 75–98." title="Changes in the terrestrial molluscan fauna of Miti’āro, southern Cook Islands." volume="21" year="2010">Brook et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F342601464C0690326EEC7F0C55CCF7F" DOI="10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/143/107-133" author="Miquel and Herrera" firstAuthor="Miquel" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Archiv für Molluskenkunde" pagination="107-133" refId="B92" refString="Miquel SE, Herrera HW (2014) Catalogue of terrestrial gastropods from Galápagos (except Bulimulidae and Succineidae) with description of a new species of Ambrosiella Odhner (Achatinellidae) (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 143 (2): 107–133. https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/143/107-133" title="Catalogue of terrestrial gastropods from Galápagos (except Bulimulidae and Succineidae) with description of a new species of Ambrosiella Odhner (Achatinellidae) (Mollusca: Gastropoda)." volume="143" year="2014">Miquel and Herrera 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) where it is widespread in Central America and the West Indies. On the contrary
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D44C8B50B8C78FC482FD59CD357D296" author="Robinson" firstAuthor="Robinson" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pagination="413-438" refId="B131" refString="Robinson DG (1999) Alien invasions: The effects of the global economy on non-marine gastropod introductions into the United States. Malacologia 41: 413–438." title="Alien invasions: The effects of the global economy on non-marine gastropod introductions into the United States." volume="41" year="1999">Robinson (1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="E4D423984D70F20330927DD3759DE163" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Geographical distribution of Allopeas clavulinum. Asterisks indicate countries / islands where the species has been recorded only in greenhouses or very disturbed anthropogenic habitats." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B41E459DAEE863C66806E726E2AB860C" tableUuid="B41E459DAEE863C66806E726E2AB860C">1</tableCitation>
|
||
) regarded it as native to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A1AD3E30210711BD75AF8E0ADAB6143B" name="China">East Asia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It has been introduced into South America, Atlantic islands, East Africa, West Indian Ocean islands, South-east Asia, and Pacific islands. It has also been reported from the mid temperate latitudes of the northern hemisphere where it only occurs in greenhouses and hothouses (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="ABE06C530C1810EB088430507E2438F0" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Geographical distribution of Opeas hannense. Asterisks indicate countries / islands where the species has been recorded only in greenhouses or very disturbed anthropogenic habitats." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CA10B752A60A5AB6DB8EC13C02FE1B68" tableUuid="CA10B752A60A5AB6DB8EC13C02FE1B68">2</tableCitation>
|
||
for details and references). Since these reports are only based on shell identifications, it is not possible to exclude that some are misidentifications (e. g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="525A4436A716E40EA6F298690B11A5DE" DOI="10.5733/afin.051.0203" author="Muratov" firstAuthor="Muratov" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="African Invertebrates" pagination="255-288" refId="B99" refString="Muratov IV (2010) Terrestrial molluscs of Cabo Delgado and adjacent inland areas of North-Eastern Mozambique. African Invertebrates 51 (2): 255–288. https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0203" title="Terrestrial molluscs of Cabo Delgado and adjacent inland areas of North-Eastern Mozambique." volume="51" year="2010">Muratov 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 28).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CA10B752A60A5AB6DB8EC13C02FE1B68" ID-Table-UUID="CA10B752A60A5AB6DB8EC13C02FE1B68" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CA10B752A60A5AB6DB8EC13C02FE1B68" startId="T2">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C8CB85F8B1A72F20B6E4FA3E7E3CC44">
|
||
<label id="7BC201D1DC39A4A9EF62AB0D09B424FB">Table 2.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B38655389E3D7486488DC84B3CBD96C">
|
||
Geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="574A68EE37C50340F9DDB75DAAFB32B5" baseAuthorityName="Rang" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hannense">
|
||
<emphasis id="57CC591D6406A93E4702AB1BCD505DB9" italics="true">Opeas hannense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Asterisks indicate countries / islands where the species has been recorded only in greenhouses or very disturbed anthropogenic habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9DFC1EC248E4C8217BA8E92C8959A748">
|
||
<table id="TID0EHZDI" rules="all">
|
||
<tbody id="468EDE03641263BB79A10BDEA476F9C4">
|
||
<tr id="0BDD19FA860539AA59FB950599E30E3B">
|
||
<th id="3AA47570B218863882B63A6B40A756C7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Regions</th>
|
||
<th id="F5AB96F050838B09A5B3E277048279F1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Countries / Islands</th>
|
||
<th id="59BBD1009FD5AE7CCA6564AF6145C135" colspan="1" rowspan="1">References</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C303454F4C72361E9640B4EC6C17EEF1">
|
||
<td id="E320075CB8E932B118D7849DB1EBC843" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="606035E204B9E1C5540E4FEA1813F63E" bold="true">North America</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C0F5859748A0655AA6D81752C6424FAF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">United States *</td>
|
||
<td id="F5F3A594AA16B5ED6FB57871A3256976" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="90BD28713F410A66B0F023BD30B77251" author="Dundee DS" firstAuthor="Dundee" journalOrPublisher="Sterkiana" pagination="1-37" refId="B40" refString="Dundee DS (1974) Catalog of introduced molluscs of eastern North America (North of Mexico). Sterkiana 55: 1–37." title="Catalog of introduced molluscs of eastern North America (North of Mexico)." volume="55" year="1974">Dundee (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A754900ADCCCB4F9B3FA0CC7471A95D" DOI="10.4003/006.032.0203" author="Nekola JC" firstAuthor="Nekola" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="American Malacological Bulletin" pagination="225-235" refId="B101" refString="Nekola JC (2014) Overview of the North American terrestrial gastropod fauna. American Malacological Bulletin 32 (2): 225–235. https://doi.org/10.4003/006.032.0203" title="Overview of the North American terrestrial gastropod fauna." volume="32" year="2014">Nekola (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C365A43324351989056D58550B9399E2">
|
||
<td id="33C9F823DEC7B31771B2D64C8E0A1429" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="FFF5A7420ACD53BDEAC64AAE1B90AC92" bold="true">Central America</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="E224CB0BBD5D10E39133EC11874B6112" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama</td>
|
||
<td id="DDDE8D97BD55A223F302C5AED2C1D0C9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E811EDCED412DC3D1A33FC983BBA52B1" DOI="10.58782/flmnh.bnej7351" author="Thompson FG" firstAuthor="Thompson" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences" pagination="1-299" refId="B158" refString="Thompson FG (2011) An annotated checklist and bibliography of the land and freshwater snails of Mexico and Central America. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences 50 (1): 1–299. https://doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.bnej7351" title="An annotated checklist and bibliography of the land and freshwater snails of Mexico and Central America." volume="50" year="2011">Thompson (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="60597F05CBD054A57FAF51D1B20C3F78">
|
||
<td id="6FEBA67A10CE974945182F163EBBE5E1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="0D30D1E9264174A12A088D241217D51B" bold="true">West Indies</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="33B57233A46C4320889931509964DD49" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Curaçao, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Saint Martin)</td>
|
||
<td id="8665277DDA316A6273A95AB24A6F7D20" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="063797F98BEDD878BB939319F3C5A4A3" author="Chase R & Robinson DG" firstAuthor="Chase" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pagination="33-57" refId="B23" refString="Chase R, Robinson DG (2001) The uncertain history of land snails on Barbados: Implications for conservation. Malacologia 43: 33–57." title="The uncertain history of land snails on Barbados: Implications for conservation." volume="43" year="2001">Chase and Robinson (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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,
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,
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5C3E516071F92C651ED76ABAB0F891EC" author="Hovestadt A & Neckheim CM" firstAuthor="Hovestadt" journalOrPublisher="Folia Conchyliologica" pagination="1-38" refId="B67" refString="Hovestadt A, Neckheim CM (2020) A critical checklist of the non-marine molluscs of St. Martin, with notes on the terrestrial malacofauna of Anguilla and Saint-Barthélemy, and the description of a new subspecies. Folia Conchyliologica 57: 1–38." title="A critical checklist of the non-marine molluscs of St. Martin, with notes on the terrestrial malacofauna of Anguilla and Saint-Barthélemy, and the description of a new subspecies." volume="57" year="2020">Hovestadt and Neckheim (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C3850496AFF65124A844F1F3B8AD9FD1">
|
||
<td id="8125D0F99336BE8AF95BD0952C419980" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="723F08208593FCA04B26F42318C502D5" bold="true">South America</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="D6E315157F53218D9DF6301E651B53B9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Suriname, and Uruguay</td>
|
||
<td id="8E45DEE874A97CDA23733503BA614FB6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="532C4920101FC9B1F14590CBCCA84088" author="van Regteren Altena CO" firstAuthor="van Regteren Altena" refId="B163" refString="van Regteren Altena CO (1975) Land Gastropoda of Suriname, with the description of a new species of Nesopupa. Basteria 39 (3 / 6): 29–50." year="1975">van Regteren Altena (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="62035FF1E7841E9A2DE44C50D0D50D43" author="Simone LRL" firstAuthor="Simone" journalOrPublisher="EGB, São Paulo" refId="B145" refString="Simone LRL (2006) Land and freshwater molluscs of Brazil. EGB, São Paulo, 390 pp." title="Land and freshwater molluscs of Brazil." year="2006">Simone (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B5AB84635668CE97EA9312472C9FAD65">
|
||
<td id="06CF5E69E215DE979FE5211D11B233BB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="125F370961781E85468D98CE7DB78298" bold="true">Atlantic Ocean</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="A61E06FFE7DCF1651E9540ADD242EF02" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Bermuda, Capo Verde, Saint Helena, and São Tomé</td>
|
||
<td id="45C6823F55EE3FF0D339B218C1BCC5D1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="B28440B64EEF1C68024F7EBF4523971D" author="Preece RC & White TS & Raheem DC & Ketchum H & Ablett J & Taylor H & Webb K & Naggs F" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Preece" refId="B123" refString="Preece RC, White TS, Raheem DC, Ketchum H, Ablett J, Taylor H, Webb K, Naggs F (2022) William Benson and the golden age of malacology in British India: Biography, illustrated catalogue and evaluation of his molluscan types. Tropical Natural History (Supplement 6): 1–434." year="2022">Preece et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
|
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</tr>
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<tr id="252766440D24CFBD7E79A6D5AD753ADD">
|
||
<td id="35096D0106FDCAEC9C5A22C3FA24BB2F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="9770B7096D39B9B2DF398E735A84A2C3" bold="true">Europe</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="5AD1BF5B7360BA646DE34E7FF4A70DAD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Austria *, Czech Republic *, Denmark *, France *, Germany *, Great Britain *, Ireland *, Italy *, Netherlands * and Sweden *</td>
|
||
<td id="A5E69CEE3A068A4913E9FE9370FB7FAB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="F4D44F85964060FC343C0AE4D2AFB1BE" author="Kerney MP & Cameron RAD" firstAuthor="Kerney" journalOrPublisher="Collins, London" refId="B78" refString="Kerney MP, Cameron RAD (1979) A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe. Collins, London, 288 pp." title="A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe." year="1979">Kerney and Cameron (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="096A7C3010BB88C4BA07B5C3679AF563" author="von Proschwitz T" firstAuthor="von Proschwitz" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pagination="184-185" refId="B171" refString="von Proschwitz T (1994) Lamellaxis clavulinus (Potiez & Michaud) as a greenhouse species in Sweden. Journal of Conchology 35 (2): 184–185." title="Lamellaxis clavulinus (Potiez & Michaud) as a greenhouse species in Sweden." volume="35" year="1994">von Proschwitz (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8EA6F940AF055A3331FC0EA6A172EA3A" author="Leiss A & Reischütz PL" firstAuthor="Leiss" journalOrPublisher="Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen Niederösterreichisches Landesmuseum" pagination="173-184" refId="B83" refString="Leiss A, Reischütz PL (1996) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Molluskenfauna der Gewächshäuser in Wien und Niederösterreich. Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen Niederösterreichisches Landesmuseum 9: 173–184." title="Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Molluskenfauna der Gewächshäuser in Wien und Niederösterreich." volume="9" year="1996">Leiss and Reischütz (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2683A84925705DB66DB0E9A151E32C2B" author="Horsak" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Horsak" journalOrPublisher="Malacological Newsletter" pagination="141-147" refId="B65" refString="Horsák M, Dvořák L, Juřičková L (2004) Greenhouse gastropods of the Czech Republic: Current stage of research. Malacological Newsletter 22: 141–147." title="Greenhouse gastropods of the Czech Republic: Current stage of research." volume="22" year="2004">Horsák et al. (2004</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="88E5FA0149D2F7938A16911ECEF2A83A" DOI="10.4002/040.063.0112" author="Horsak" firstAuthor="Horsak" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pagination="123-130" refId="B66" refString="Horsák M, Naggs F, Backeljau T (2020) Paropeas achatinaceum (Pfeiffer, 1846) and other alien subulinine and opeatine land snails in European greenhouses (Gastropoda, Achatinidae). Malacologia 63 (1): 123–130. https://doi.org/10.4002/040.063.0112" title="Paropeas achatinaceum (Pfeiffer, 1846) and other alien subulinine and opeatine land snails in European greenhouses (Gastropoda, Achatinidae)." volume="63" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
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),
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EEC5FFE4E3E1E6AAF06418A074CEF809" author="Reischütz A & Reischütz PL & Richling I & Gilli C" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Reischutz" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Ersten Vorarlberger Malakologischen Gesellschaft" pagination="31-41" refId="B128" refString="Reischütz A, Reischütz PL, Richling I, Gilli C (2018) Die Molluskenfauna des Botanischen Gartens der Universität Wien. 2: Die Mollusken der Glashäuser. Nachrichtenblatt der Ersten Vorarlberger Malakologischen Gesellschaft 25: 31–41." title="Die Molluskenfauna des Botanischen Gartens der Universität Wien. 2: Die Mollusken der Glashäuser." volume="25" year="2018">Reischütz et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="7231B0D25D0C624317CF227D5DFDC541" author="Kwitt S & Patzner RA & Reischütz S & Reischütz PL" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kwitt" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Ersten Vorarlberger Malakologischen Gesellschaft" pagination="69-74" refId="B82" refString="Kwitt S, Patzner RA, Reischütz S, Reischütz PL (2019) Die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung der terrestrischen Molluskenfauna der Gewächshäuser des botanischen Gartens der Universität Salzburg. Nachrichtenblatt der Ersten Vorarlberger Malakologischen Gesellschaft 26: 69–74." title="Die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung der terrestrischen Molluskenfauna der Gewächshäuser des botanischen Gartens der Universität Salzburg." volume="26" year="2019">Kwitt et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="46E267EF93B49018B654799E57161E38" author="Anderson R & Rowson B" firstAuthor="Anderson" refId="B1" refString="Anderson R, Rowson B (2020) Annotated list of the non-marine Mollusca of Britain and Ireland. https://conchsoc.org/sites/default/files/MolluscWorld/Anderson-2008.pdf [Accessed on 02. 02. 2023]" url="https://conchsoc.org/sites/default/files/MolluscWorld/Anderson-2008.pdf" year="2020">Anderson and Rowson (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this paper
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="61D8570E44B1CA10B49BBF04B38726CD">
|
||
<td id="CE32FFA6BCC6DCB136E7914AEA7BD294" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="8B05793D7937AA705349BE0575773166" bold="true">Africa</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="2943DB82FC2EAFE304DAB677011CD540" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Mozambique</td>
|
||
<td id="8CABD23F341EC15689AFFEB9584234C7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE73E06242711219223B62E5ECA38D89" DOI="10.5733/afin.051.0203" author="Muratov IV" firstAuthor="Muratov" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="African Invertebrates" pagination="255-288" refId="B99" refString="Muratov IV (2010) Terrestrial molluscs of Cabo Delgado and adjacent inland areas of North-Eastern Mozambique. African Invertebrates 51 (2): 255–288. https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0203" title="Terrestrial molluscs of Cabo Delgado and adjacent inland areas of North-Eastern Mozambique." volume="51" year="2010">Muratov (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ED8E0D744CB0B301518A87EB2A01C3AC">
|
||
<td id="31ACEAA0201AE70E198A2F84F5E99A1D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACCE21B79417EF4F18929C9011E803A5" bold="true">Indian Ocean</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="F797C9837C4DAC353D8198E53BECDD5D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Madagascar and Seychelles</td>
|
||
<td id="E2EF48E83A9D984BF59AAAB52B44FC68" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3682532C7E16A8BEF9692E19829F4300" author="Gerlach J" firstAuthor="Gerlach" journalOrPublisher="Backhuys, Leiden" refId="B51" refString="Gerlach J (2006) Terrestrial and freshwater Mollusca of the Seychelles Islands. Backhuys, Leiden, 141 pp." title="Terrestrial and freshwater Mollusca of the Seychelles Islands." year="2006">Gerlach (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9998EB736672C87E22F739AAA2729190" author="Bank RA & Menkhorst HPMG" firstAuthor="Bank" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pagination="93-110" refId="B6" refString="Bank RA, Menkhorst HPMG (2008) Notes on the nomenclature of some land- and freshwater molluscs of the Seychelles, with consequences for taxa from Africa, Madagascar, India, the Philippines, Jamaica, and Europe. Basteria 72: 93–110." title="Notes on the nomenclature of some land- and freshwater molluscs of the Seychelles, with consequences for taxa from Africa, Madagascar, India, the Philippines, Jamaica, and Europe." volume="72" year="2008">Bank and Menkhorst (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="98C898E3C403B6D51CD8E59B67359F0E" DOI="10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/139/071-141" author="Emberton CK & Slapcinsky J & Campbell CA & Rakotondrazafy JA & Andriamiarison TN & Emberton JD" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Emberton" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Archiv für Molluskenkunde" pagination="71-141" refId="B42" refString="Emberton CK, Slapcinsky J, Campbell CA, Rakotondrazafy JA, Andriamiarison TN, Emberton JD (2010) Terrestrial mollusks of Andriantantely Massif, eastern Madagascar, with descriptions of 36 new species (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Pulmonata). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 139 (1): 71–141. https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/139/071-141" title="Terrestrial mollusks of Andriantantely Massif, eastern Madagascar, with descriptions of 36 new species (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Pulmonata)." volume="139" year="2010">Emberton et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A8EA569BF661A2DCFCD150EB1A334C86">
|
||
<td id="B96B476CBA9DEF40E300862CD7B6C6DA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A565E414B18FEF31843FDC32CC329C3E" bold="true">South-East Asia</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="0F78B133603ACE5E6193C0FE4A7CF004" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Singapore</td>
|
||
<td id="4725620920164DE7B223B916A6820D2C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D894F46143ED62E3B9D849DCC524CAA" author="Ho WH" firstAuthor="Ho" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pagination="91-113" refId="B63" refString="Ho WH (1995) A review of the land-snail fauna of Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 43: 91–113." title="A review of the land-snail fauna of Singapore." volume="43" year="1995">Ho (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FF706316D7E844B9778D8FF70E9B7AFB">
|
||
<td id="8729A7AEEE827DD27B725BADA9012E0B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="63DA603A81D672593E534F3E2A03CD3B" bold="true">Oceania</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="D1E3A5C3A1867908163082AA41109CF2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Belau / Palau, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Galapagos Islands, Guam, Hawaii, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu)</td>
|
||
<td id="22B3C294645CDCD336482A09E8A0085D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF20324D1F1B2C271AB667A24228EA3E" DOI="10.1071/IT9880455" author="Solem A" firstAuthor="Solem" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pagination="455-604" refId="B151" refString="Solem A (1989) Non-camaenid land snails of the Kimberley and Northern Territory, Australia, I. Systematics, affinities and ranges. Invertebrate Systematics 2 (4): 455–604. https://doi.org/10.1071/IT9880455" title="Non-camaenid land snails of the Kimberley and Northern Territory, Australia, I. Systematics, affinities and ranges." volume="2" year="1989">Solem (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="08BD4057C8B0799FFCA6D8CBCECB5D7A" author="Cowie" editor="Sherley G" firstAuthor="Cowie" journalOrPublisher="South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia" pagination="143-172" refId="B28" refString="Cowie RH (2000) Non-indigenous land and freshwater molluscs in the islands of the Pacific: conservation impacts and threats. In: Sherley G (Ed.) Invasive Species in The Pacific: A Technical Review and Regional Strategy. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia, 143–172." title="Non-indigenous land and freshwater molluscs in the islands of the Pacific: conservation impacts and threats." volumeTitle="Invasive Species in The Pacific: A Technical Review and Regional Strategy." year="2000">Cowie (2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E24459EE411F0F6CF823427BE72E6FFD" DOI="10.1023/A:1014529019000" author="Cowie" firstAuthor="Cowie" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Biological Invasions" pagination="119-136" refId="B29" refString="Cowie RH (2001) Invertebrate invasions on Pacific Islands and the replacement of unique native faunas: A synthesis of the land and freshwater snails. Biological Invasions 3 (2): 119–136. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014529019000" title="Invertebrate invasions on Pacific Islands and the replacement of unique native faunas: A synthesis of the land and freshwater snails." volume="3" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="86C8CF0B8F1B2527E27E43C9745CE053" author="Brook FJ & Walter RK & Craig JA" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Brook" journalOrPublisher="Tuhinga" pagination="75-98" refId="B19" refString="Brook FJ, Walter RK, Craig JA (2010) Changes in the terrestrial molluscan fauna of Miti’āro, southern Cook Islands. Tuhinga 21: 75–98." title="Changes in the terrestrial molluscan fauna of Miti’āro, southern Cook Islands." volume="21" year="2010">Brook et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B52DC8ABCF3E227E9B32FE5755B05E7F" author="Brook FJ" editor="Atherton JN & McKenna SA & Wheatley A" firstAuthor="Brook" journalOrPublisher="Secretariat of the Pacific regional environment Programme, Apia, Samoa" pagination="79-91" refId="B18" refString="Brook FJ (2014) Land snails of Vava’u. In: Atherton JN, McKenna SA, Wheatley A (Eds) Rapid biodiversity assessment of the Vava’u Archipelago, Kingdom of Tonga. Secretariat of the Pacific regional environment Programme, Apia, Samoa, 79–91." title="Land snails of Vava’u." volumeTitle="Rapid biodiversity assessment of the Vava’u Archipelago, Kingdom of Tonga." year="2014">Brook (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BFC9A85E7C8B407F2C7CBC27C55DB0B4" DOI="10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/143/107-133" author="Miquel SE & Herrera HW" firstAuthor="Miquel" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Archiv für Molluskenkunde" pagination="107-133" refId="B92" refString="Miquel SE, Herrera HW (2014) Catalogue of terrestrial gastropods from Galápagos (except Bulimulidae and Succineidae) with description of a new species of Ambrosiella Odhner (Achatinellidae) (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 143 (2): 107–133. https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/143/107-133" title="Catalogue of terrestrial gastropods from Galápagos (except Bulimulidae and Succineidae) with description of a new species of Ambrosiella Odhner (Achatinellidae) (Mollusca: Gastropoda)." volume="143" year="2014">Miquel and Herrera (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="65F2B7AE2CF8E665EBF767D94F14C1E2" author="Cowie RH & Rundell RJ & Yeung NW" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cowie" refId="B31" refString="Cowie RH, Rundell RJ, Yeung NW (2017) Samoan land snails and slugs. An identification guide. Pago Pago, American Samoa. Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, American Samoa Government, Contribution (Pacific Biological Survey), no. 2017-004, [viii +] 71 pp." year="2017">Cowie et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18D51CB7E2183F6F99C6D3F4EE9219F8">
|
||
The genital anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A88C04DE8C74D8B26CBA8EA12F6A5FEF">
|
||
<emphasis id="620B879BBB6C1AD50CC63568B1F357F4" italics="true">Opeas</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was investigated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="999160F2F68E812D0983C1B6B5031EC0" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.27492" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pagination="84-92" refId="B5" refString="Baker HB (1945) Some American Achatinidae. The Nautilus 58: 84–92. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27492" title="Some American Achatinidae." volume="58" year="1945">Baker (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="66F884833565AD5D69935FDA065EB495" author="Pilsbry HA" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="90B664982F82C23B658F1E035038E15F" author="Gittenberger E & van Bruggen AC" firstAuthor="Gittenberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" pagination="235-273" refId="B54" refString="Gittenberger E, van Bruggen AC (2013) Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 87 (3): 235–273." title="Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania." volume="87" year="2013">Gittenberger and van Bruggen (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Only three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABF7BAFFB0672B74235E354868270140">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DFB94153DEA68B6F995772F77C2923A" italics="true">Opeas</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been studied:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE50DBAB00D364B68A35A708832398DD" baseAuthorityName="Rang" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hannense">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BF03F989675F3218739A7B60217D3E7" italics="true">Opeas hannense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55E45CF81E20E824A2949DF593DA5A8D" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.27492" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" page="86" pagination="84-92" refId="B5" refString="Baker HB (1945) Some American Achatinidae. The Nautilus 58: 84–92. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27492" title="Some American Achatinidae." volume="58" year="1945">Baker 1945: 86</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F199591637AAA2A2694C10771450322" baseAuthorityName="L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pumilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CC68253589E4FA14822C74F71D99AEBE" italics="true">Opeas pumilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5947039FCF13D769F6941BC8B9427CC4" authority="(Schmacker & Boettger, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Schmacker & Boettger" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pyrgula">
|
||
<emphasis id="45A332CB1E3CDC67874A9B284B9647A7" italics="true">Opeas pyrgula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B49735DA53A7D1D7D52AEED706450C50" author="Schmacker B & Boettger O" refId="B142" refString="Schmacker B, Boettger O (1891) Neue Materialien zur Charakteristik und geographischen Verbreitung chinesischer und japanischer Binnenmollusken II. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 23 (9 / 10): 145 - 176, (11 / 12): 177 - 194." year="1891">Schmacker & Boettger, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF1AC219CB28F7FB3E2E03F8AD6D4F9F" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.27492" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" page="87" pagination="84-92" refId="B5" refString="Baker HB (1945) Some American Achatinidae. The Nautilus 58: 84–92. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27492" title="Some American Achatinidae." volume="58" year="1945">Baker 1945: 87</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27A26B5D64439B738E29E55DAF6445F2" author="Pilsbry HA" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" page="183 - 184" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946: 183–184</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 88 2, 3) and an unidentified species from Misali islet,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A8FBE04329B6B324C3668ED184951142" name="Tanzania">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="99CDBC2AF99E7BA6B8B64CD777E2B7B9" author="Gittenberger E & van Bruggen AC" firstAuthor="Gittenberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" page="251" pagination="235-273" refId="B54" refString="Gittenberger E, van Bruggen AC (2013) Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 87 (3): 235–273." title="Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania." volume="87" year="2013">Gittenberger and van Bruggen 2013: 251</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 9), but only the anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D125B1DB7BEAEE38F46CC2232853C889" baseAuthorityName="Schmacker & Boettger" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pyrgula">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE7B3609396E2680C07FA30120B5D874" italics="true">Opeas pyrgula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is adequately described. The distal genitalia of the only adult specimen that we have been able to study (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F69BCB42C08AB96EB7D03AAAB4E598B" captionStart="Figures 12–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 12–14. Genital anatomy of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses: 12, 13 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) and diagram of the proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019 14 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) of Opeas hannense from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures12-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103569">14</figureCitation>
|
||
) agrees with the general scheme described for these species and in particular with the features reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A72BF58FCA92D05B9E9BD3EAD6C4EF8C" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.27492" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pagination="84-92" refId="B5" refString="Baker HB (1945) Some American Achatinidae. The Nautilus 58: 84–92. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27492" title="Some American Achatinidae." volume="58" year="1945">Baker (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B3965BD5C281CEB649D4D6C78C412E4D" author="Pilsbry HA" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4441724DBFD41043CA877679E672CBD8" baseAuthorityName="L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pumilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="478830666D3152C808F53F3C481BBD1D" italics="true">Opeas pumilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D2342AF41EC93BD8C58F20480ACF098" baseAuthorityName="Schmacker & Boettger" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pyrgula">
|
||
<emphasis id="98B68BF0755E68270020C2C2A52EEFBE" italics="true">Opeas pyrgula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and with the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF7E65C7DFB6A71AA29C64E1B5F8DA82" baseAuthorityName="L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pumilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D925289B09DBA5C6F749B29C816A79E5" italics="true">Opeas pumilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5596CAB70DECA5EC81403AF09052B8DB" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.27492" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pagination="84-92" refId="B5" refString="Baker HB (1945) Some American Achatinidae. The Nautilus 58: 84–92. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27492" title="Some American Achatinidae." volume="58" year="1945">Baker (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The major difference between the two species consists in the swelling between the base of the duct of the bursa copulatrix and the proximal vagina: well developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4425ECB7617EF7D265421CD4E899FACC" baseAuthorityName="Schmacker & Boettger" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pyrgula">
|
||
<emphasis id="C38DBB3563A43D52DACBBA842AEF4349" italics="true">Opeas pyrgula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and much less enlarged in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A57A6D50F703839411E0565259FC91AA" baseAuthorityName="L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pumilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="913FDA33A669EE7FCC9E8AD161CEDFAD" italics="true">Opeas pumilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EBE0DC4AC00B42A6484682FF55E231FE">Thus, little continues to be known about the genital anatomy of this genus. We need to ascertain whether the proximal complex of the penis is really undivided, to understand the relationships between the vas deferens and the penial sheath and whether the different structure of the female distal genitalia is due to individual variation or to phylogenetic divergence.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D0878347AC2C7FEE2736144762282F9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB3576A72FB1D4727FCD1488398B10A8" baseAuthorityName="Rang" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hannense">
|
||
<emphasis id="89ECC40D9C539E63C5DA4213F769B081" italics="true">Opeas hannense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only been found in the tropical greenhouse of
|
||
<named-content id="D37DFC386CF151CFBDEE5CD2108705E9" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">
|
||
<collectionCode id="0C96A77B440F21DE6DECE37FA6731B6A" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" name="Museo delle Scienze" type="Museum">MUSE</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
, where it is uncommon. This is the first report from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F9AB1FD9EFB0AEB5F4233385BAACE516" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |