308 lines
35 KiB
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308 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21975627-96b7-45c7-9c80-0a73a850169a" ID-PMC="PMC7387366" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-950-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" ID-PubMed="32774101" ID-ZooBank="3E805885D3354FB3AE8DFA443FAD82AE" ModsDocID="1313-2970-950-51" checkinTime="1595285263451" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Srisuka, Wichai, Fukuda, Masako & Saeung, Atiporn" docDate="2020" docId="EC61A60092A25683AC9B30DAC5495EF5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 950: 51-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 950" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298" docTitle="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) puaense Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9B827DD8-0B95-41C4-B6AF-D5C403A7810C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" masterDocTitle="Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1668169112888" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Srisuka, Wichai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P. O. Box 7, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fukuda, Masako</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1 - 1, Hasama, Yufu City, Oita, 879 - 5593, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Saeung, Atiporn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3550-5992</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">atisaeung.noi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>950</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>152</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-950-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3E805885D3354FB3AE8DFA443FAD82AE</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="165843359" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9B827DD8-0B95-41C4-B6AF-D5C403A7810C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC61A60092A25683AC9B30DAC5495EF5" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName LSID="EC61A600-92A2-5683-AC9B-30DAC5495EF5" authority="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) puaense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puaense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">Simulium (Gomphostilbia) puaense Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="51">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Holotype</emphasis>
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: Male (together with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (in 80% ethanol) labeled as "Holotype:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium puaense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puaense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Simulium puaense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male, QSBG col. no. 60, Thailand, 25-VII-2017, by W. Srisuka" reared from a pupa collected from a small waterfall (width 80 cm, depth 3 cm, flast flow, pH 7.2, 20.1 °C, exposed to the sun, elevation 1,157 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="10.3" value="19.186193">19°11'10.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="41.7" value="101.07825">101°04'41.7"E</geoCoordinate>
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), Nam Dan Village, Pua District, Nan Province, northern Thailand, 25-VII-2017, by W. Srisuka (Coll. No.60).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: One female (thorax for DNA analysis) (together with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (in 80% ethanol), reared from a pupa collected from a stream (width 30 cm, depth 5 cm, bed sandy, moderate running, pH 6.3, 22.6 °C, exposed to the sun, elevation 1,097 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="03.7" value="18.834362">18°50'03.7"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="32.2" value="99.37561">99°22'32.2"E</geoCoordinate>
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), at Pa Meing Village, Muang Pan District, Lampang Province, northern Thailand, 9-VIII-2016, by W. Srisuka (Coll. No. 86); three males (thorax of one male for DNA analysis) (together with their associated pupal exuviae and cocoons) (in 80% ethanol), same data as for holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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Female: small sensory vesicle 0.24 times as long as the third palpal segment (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4A</figureCitation>
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) and relatively shorter labrum against the clypeus. Male: small number of upper-eye (large) facets in nine or ten vertical columns and 12 horizontal rows, and hind basitarsus 3.2-3.6 times as long as its greatest width and 0.9-1.1 and 1.1-1.2 times as wide as the hind tibia and femur, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Female, male and pupa of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. puaense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="puaense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. puaense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A, B</emphasis>
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female
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C-H</emphasis>
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male
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">I-L</emphasis>
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pupa.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
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sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
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mandible (left side)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
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hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
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coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E, F</emphasis>
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styles (right side; ventrolateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
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gradually tapered toward apex
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
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nearly parallel-sided)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
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ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">H</emphasis>
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ventral plate (caudal view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">I</emphasis>
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gill filaments (left side; lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">J, K</emphasis>
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terminal hooks (caudal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">J</emphasis>
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normal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">K</emphasis>
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right hook abnormal)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">L</emphasis>
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cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">L</emphasis>
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); 0.1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C, I</emphasis>
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); 0.02 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A, D-H</emphasis>
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); 0.01 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B, J, K</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Female</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
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= 1). Body length 2.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
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Frontal ratio 1.9:1.0:2.4 frons:head ratio 1.0:4.4. Labrum 0.56 times length of clypeus. Maxillary palpus: proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.1:2.0; sensory vesicle (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4A</figureCitation>
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) 0.24 times length of third palpal segment. Lacinia with ten or eleven inner and 12 or 13 outer teeth. Mandible (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4B</figureCitation>
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) with 20 inner teeth and two or three outer teeth at some distance from tip.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Legs.</emphasis>
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Foreleg: coxa and trochanter whitish yellow; femur dark yellow to light brown with apical cap medium brown (though extreme tip yellowish); tibia yellowish white except little more than apical one-fourth brownish black; basitarsus moderately dilated, 5.8 times as long as its greatest width. Midleg: tarsus dark brown to brownish black though basal half of basitarsus dark yellow (its border not well defined). Hind leg: coxa light brown; tibia yellowish white on little more than basal half and light brown to brownish black on rest; basitarsus 5.9 times as long as wide, and 0.7 and 0.5 times as wide as greatest widths of tibia and femur, respectively; claw with large basal tooth 0.47 times length of claw.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Wing.</emphasis>
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Length 2.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Dorsal surface of abdomen medium to dark brown except anterior two-thirds of segment 2 ochreous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Terminalia.</emphasis>
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Sternite 8 with 20 medium-long to long hairs together with two or three slender short hairs on each side. Paraproct in ventral view with four or five sensilla on anteromedial surface; paraproct in lateral view 0.6 times as long as wide, with 21-23 medium-long to long hairs on ventral and lateral surfaces.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Male</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
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= 4). Body length 2.1-2.4 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
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Slightly wider than thorax. Upper eye dark brown, consisting of large facets in nine or ten vertical columns and 12 horizontal rows on each side. Antenna: first flagellomere 1.5-1.6 times length of second. Maxillary palpus light brown, with five palpal segments, proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.0:2.0; sensory vesicle 0.13-0.18 times length of third palpal segment.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Legs.</emphasis>
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Foreleg: basitarsus moderately dilated, 6.6-7.2 times as long as its greatest width. Hind leg: tibia dark brown to brownish black except basal half whitish yellow; tarsus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4C</figureCitation>
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) brownish black except basal half or little less of basitarsus and basal one-third of second tarsomere whitish yellow; basitarsus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4C</figureCitation>
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) enlarged, 3.2-3.6 times as long as wide, and 0.9-1.1 and 1.0-1.2 times as wide as greatest width of tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4C</figureCitation>
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) slightly shorter than basal width, and 0.28 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Wing</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Length 2.0-2.1 mm. Subcosta with two to five hairs (though subcosta bare in one male).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Genitalia.</emphasis>
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Coxite in ventral view (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4D</figureCitation>
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) nearly rectangular, 1.7-2.2 times as long as its greatest width. Style in ventrolateral view (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4E, F</figureCitation>
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) gradually tapered toward apex or nearly parallel-sided from basal one-third to apical one-fourth, with truncated apex. Ventral plate in ventral view (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4D</figureCitation>
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) with basal arms of moderate length, nearly parallel-sided; ventral plate in caudal view (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4H</figureCitation>
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) with ventral margin nearly straight. Cercus with 11-14 hairs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Pupa</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
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= 5). Body length 2.6-3.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Gill (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4I</figureCitation>
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) composed of eight slender thread-like filaments, arranged as [3+(1+2)]+2 from dorsal to ventral; common basal stalk 0.6-0.7 times length of interspiracular trunk; dorsal and middle triplets sharing short stalk, and dorsal triplet mostly composed of three individual filaments arising at same level from extremely short stalk, middle triplet mostly composed of one individual and two paired filaments with extremely short secondary stalk; stalk of ventral pair of filaments variable in length, 0.8-1.3 times length of common basal stalk, and 0.6-0.8 times length of interspiracular trunk; primary stalk of dorsal triplet lying against that of lower pair at angle of 40-60° when viewed laterally; filaments of dorsal triplet subequal in length (1.5-1.8 mm) and thickness to one another; filaments of middle triplet subequal in length (1.7-2.0 mm); two filaments of ventral pair subequal in length (2.3-2.6 mm) and thickness to each other and 1.5 times as thick as six other filaments of dorsal and middle triplets when compared basally; all filaments light brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Dorsally, all segments light yellowish; segments 1 and 2 without minute tubercles; segment 9 with pair of wide flat terminal hooks (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4J</figureCitation>
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), of which outer margin is 2.0 times length of inner margin and crenulated when viewed caudally (terminal hooks abnormally formed in one pupa, Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4K</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Cocoon</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4L</figureCitation>
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). Slipper-shaped, light yellow, moderately woven, moderately extended ventrolaterally; anterior margin thickly woven medially, rarely with small bulge; individual threads not visible; 3.0-3.5 mm long by 2.2-2.5 mm wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Mature larva.</emphasis>
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Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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The species name,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="puaense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="puaense">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">puaense</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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, refers to the district, Pua, one of the two localities where this species was collected.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thailand (Lampang and Nan)</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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This new species is similar to
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vinhphucense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="vinhphucense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. vinhphucense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Takaoka & Low from Vietnam (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B22" refString="Takaoka, H, Sofian-Azirun, M, Ya'cob, Z, Chen, CD, Lau, KW, Low, VL, Pham, XD, Adler, PH, 2017a. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 4261, 1-165. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" title="The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 4261, 1 - 165." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" year="2017 a">Takaoka et al. 2017a</bibRefCitation>
|
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) by having a small number of brown male upper-eye (large) facets, but is distinguished from the latter species by the relative length of the male fore basitarsus against its greatest width (6.6-7.2 in this new species versus 8.2 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vinhphucense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="vinhphucense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. vinhphucense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and relative width of the male hind basitarsus against the hind femur, which is 1.1-1.2 in this new species versus 1.5 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vinhphucense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="vinhphucense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. vinhphucense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and ventral plate in caudal view trapezoidal (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female, male and pupa of S. puaense sp. nov. A, B female C-H male I-L pupa. A sensory vesicle (left side; anterior view) B mandible (left side) C hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) D coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) E, F styles (right side; ventrolateral view E gradually tapered toward apex F nearly parallel-sided) G ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) H ventral plate (caudal view) I gill filaments (left side; lateral view) J, K terminal hooks (caudal view J normal K right hook abnormal) L cocoon (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (C, I); 0.02 mm (A, D-H); 0.01 mm (B, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433868" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4H</figureCitation>
|
|
) (rounded ventrally in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vinhphucense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="vinhphucense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. vinhphucense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
This new species is also similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. thungchangense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="thungchangense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. thungchangense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. chaudinhense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="chaudinhense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. chaudinhense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Vietnam (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B22" refString="Takaoka, H, Sofian-Azirun, M, Ya'cob, Z, Chen, CD, Lau, KW, Low, VL, Pham, XD, Adler, PH, 2017a. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 4261, 1-165. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" title="The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 4261, 1 - 165." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" year="2017 a">Takaoka et al. 2017a</bibRefCitation>
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) in having a small number of male upper-eye (large) facets, but is barely distinguished from the two latter species by the upper-eye (large) facets medium brown (vermilion in the two latter species) and dorsum of pupal abdominal segments 1 and 2 bare (with minute tubercles in in the two latter species).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |