treatments-xml/data/E2/5A/2A/E25A2A973F68550D9693114BB91A7D6D.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e64325" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a68ac12f-87f8-412b-83e6-86b3f20109f6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550469" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1864-8312-79-309" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EA5AA50B7FC95C85A3A4B20F6A751940" ID-ZooBank="E4C130CF221E4C43BC7BD1083120CFD9" ModsDocID="1864-8312-79-309" checkinTime="1626449887957" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Li, Ning, Wang, Ji-Shen &amp; Hua, Bao-Zhen" docDate="2021" docId="E25A2A973F68550D9693114BB91A7D6D" docLanguage="en" docName="ArthropodSystPhyl 79: 309-342" docOrigin="Arthropod Systematics &amp; amp; Phylogeny 79" docPubDate="2021-07-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e64325" docTitle="Panorpa fructa Cheng 1949" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="EA5AA50B7FC95C85A3A4B20F6A751940" lastPageNumber="309" masterDocId="EA5AA50B7FC95C85A3A4B20F6A751940" masterDocTitle="Morphological phylogenetic analyses and taxonomic revision of the Panorpa davidi group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="309" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" updateTime="1632023702204" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Morphological phylogenetic analyses and taxonomic revision of the Panorpa davidi group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Li, Ning</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A &amp; F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Ning Li [liningning @ nwafu. edu. cn]; Ji-Shen Wang [wangjishen 826 @ gmail. com]</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Ji-Shen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A &amp; F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Ning Li [liningning @ nwafu. edu. cn]; Ji-Shen Wang [wangjishen 826 @ gmail. com]</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hua, Bao-Zhen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A &amp; F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Ning Li [liningning @ nwafu. edu. cn]; Ji-Shen Wang [wangjishen 826 @ gmail. com]</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">huabzh@nwafu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Arthropod Systematics &amp; amp; Phylogeny</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-07-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>79</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>309</mods:start>
<mods:end>342</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e64325</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e64325</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1864-8312-79-309</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E4C130CF221E4C43BC7BD1083120CFD9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EA5AA50B7FC95C85A3A4B20F6A751940</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550469" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E25A2A973F68550D9693114BB91A7D6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E25A2A973F68550D9693114BB91A7D6D" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicName LSID="E25A2A97-3F68-550D-9693-114BB91A7D6D" authority="Cheng, 1949" authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa fructa" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fructa">Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Live adult habitus and habitat of Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949. A. Habitat in Xinduqiao, Sichuan. B. Male, lateral view. C. Female, dorsal view. Photos by Lu-Yao Yang (A) and by Ning Li (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567050" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Figs 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949 from Xinduqiao, Sichuan. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567051" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">, 11</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa fructa" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fructa">Panorpa fructa</taxonomicName>
Cheng, 1949: 144, figs 5-7. Type locality: &quot;Wakiakeng, 50 miles west of Tachienlu, Sikang&quot; [now Kangding, Sichuan], China; Cheng, 1957: 30, figs 29, 35 &amp; 38; Wang &amp; Hua, 2018: 339, figs 5-121-1-5-121-2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
This species can be readily recognized by the following characters: (1) pleura blackish brown to black (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Live adult habitus and habitat of Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949. A. Habitat in Xinduqiao, Sichuan. B. Male, lateral view. C. Female, dorsal view. Photos by Lu-Yao Yang (A) and by Ning Li (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567050" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">10B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949 from Xinduqiao, Sichuan. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567051" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11C</figureCitation>
); (2) wing markings reduced into series of scattered dark brown spots (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Live adult habitus and habitat of Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949. A. Habitat in Xinduqiao, Sichuan. B. Male, lateral view. C. Female, dorsal view. Photos by Lu-Yao Yang (A) and by Ning Li (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567050" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">10B-C</figureCitation>
); (3) meso- and metanotum black, without pale mesal stripe (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949 from Xinduqiao, Sichuan. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567051" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11A-B</figureCitation>
); (4) inner apex of gonocoxites projected inwards, bearing cluster of long black setae (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949 from Xinduqiao, Sichuan. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567051" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11E</figureCitation>
); (5) hypovalves gradually broadened towards rounded apexes, extending to apex of gonocoxites (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949 from Xinduqiao, Sichuan. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567051" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11F</figureCitation>
); and in females, (6) medigynium with main plate broad, long; pair of lateral basal plates subbasally extended to three-quarters length of main plate (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949 from Xinduqiao, Sichuan. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567051" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11J-K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567050" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Live adult habitus and habitat of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa fructa" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fructa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Panorpa fructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cheng, 1949. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">A</emphasis>
. Habitat in Xinduqiao, Sichuan. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">B</emphasis>
. Male, lateral view. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">C</emphasis>
. Female, dorsal view. Photos by Lu-Yao Yang (A) and by Ning Li (B-C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412358" collectingDate="1939-09-09" collectorName="Fung Ying Cheng, Io Chou, Tein Ho Hei" country="CHINA" county="Garze" location="Kangding" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="Holotype">
<collectingCountry name="China">CHINA</collectingCountry>
- 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty>Garze</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
• 
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
); &quot;Wakiakeng, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" unit="mi" value="50.0">50 miles</quantity>
west of Tachienlu&quot; [now 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E25A2A973F68550D9693114BB91A7D6D:A2C38F5B5C973576346BC73D250584BD" country="CHINA" county="Garze" name="Kangding" stateProvince="Sichuan">Kangding</location>
]; 
<collectingDate value="1939-09-09">9 Sep. 1939</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>Fung Ying Cheng</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Io Chou</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Tein Ho Hei</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412377" collectingDate="1982-09-03" collectorName="Shu-Yong Wang" country="China" county="Garze" elevation="3825" location="Gongga Temple" municipality="Kangding" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingMunicipality>Kangding</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E25A2A973F68550D9693114BB91A7D6D:CA59E3A34E06798B6FAB6E301C8DA5D0" country="China" county="Garze" municipality="Kangding" name="Gongga Temple" stateProvince="Sichuan">Gongga Temple</location>
; 
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.825" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.65" unit="m" value="3825.0" valueMax="4000.0" valueMin="3650.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.825" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.65" unit="m" value="3825.0" valueMax="4000.0" valueMin="3650.0">3650-4000 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<collectingDate value="1982-09-03">3 Sep. 1982</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>Shu-Yong Wang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412409" collectingDate="1982-08-28" collectorName="Huai-Cheng Cai" country="China" county="Garze" elevation="3600" location="Yajiang Military Station" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E25A2A973F68550D9693114BB91A7D6D:8F418EB146DEDD1E74BF39BE284C35B2" country="China" county="Garze" name="Yajiang Military Station" stateProvince="Sichuan">Yajiang Military Station</location>
; 
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">3600 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<collectingDate value="1982-08-28">28 Aug. 1982</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>Huai-Cheng Cai</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412379" collectingDate="1982-07-25" collectorName="Xue-Zhong Zhang" country="China" county="Garze" elevation="3350" location="Yajiang Military Station" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
; 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E25A2A973F68550D9693114BB91A7D6D:7ECA16A5DD817C46BACE45EC0D68DA20" country="China" county="Garze" name="Yajiang Military Station" stateProvince="Sichuan">Yajiang Military Station</location>
; 
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" unit="m" value="3350.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" unit="m" value="3350.0">3350 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<collectingDate value="1982-07-25">25 Jul. 1982</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>Xue-Zhong Zhang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412381" collectingDate="2018-08-06" collectorName="Ning Li, Lu Liu" country="China" county="Garze" elevation="3380" location="Yajiang Military Station" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
; 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E25A2A973F68550D9693114BB91A7D6D:EFE127E78AAF22003CF1BA7F0231A684" country="China" county="Garze" name="Yajiang Military Station" stateProvince="Sichuan">Yajiang Military Station</location>
; 
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.38" unit="m" value="3380.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.38" unit="m" value="3380.0">3380 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<collectingDate value="2018-08-06">6 Aug. 2018</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>Ning Li</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Lu Liu</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412410" collectingDate="2019-07-03" collectorName="Ning Li &amp; Lu Liu" country="China" county="Garze" elevation="3380" location="Yajiang Military Station" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
; same data as previous; 
<collectingDate value="2019-07-03">3 Jul. 2019</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412315" collectingDate="2009-06-03" collectorName="Tan" country="China" county="Garze" location="Zhuwo" municipality="Luhuo" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingMunicipality>Luhuo</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E25A2A973F68550D9693114BB91A7D6D:EA9B04790ACCA10295F8B5E07FBB1376" country="China" county="Garze" municipality="Luhuo" name="Zhuwo" stateProvince="Sichuan">Zhuwo</location>
; 
<collectingDate value="2009-06-03">3 Jun. 2009</collectingDate>
; Jiang-Li 
<collectorName>Tan</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412341" collectingDate="2019-06-29" collectorName="Ning Li, Lu Liu" country="China" county="Garze" elevation="3480" latitude="30.057777" location="Xinduqiao" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="101.48278" specimenCount="51" specimenCount-female="28" specimenCount-male="23" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount type="male">23♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount type="female">28♀♀</specimenCount>
; 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E25A2A973F68550D9693114BB91A7D6D:CEC417ADD078623EC233BD2F4B0FA17A" country="China" county="Garze" latitude="30.057777" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="101.48278" name="Xinduqiao" stateProvince="Sichuan">Xinduqiao</location>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="30.057777">30°03′28″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="101.48278">101°28′58″E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4799999999999995" unit="m" value="3480.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4799999999999995" unit="m" value="3480.0">3480 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<collectingDate value="2019-06-29">29 Jun. 2019</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>Ning Li</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Lu Liu</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323412328" collectingDate="2018-08-03" collectorName="Lu-Yao Yang" country="China" county="Garze" elevation="3760" latitude="30.320278" location="Tagong" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="101.48278" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E25A2A973F68550D9693114BB91A7D6D:3E9A15B76E3BFB7E7EBBF364D8DCABB6" country="China" county="Garze" latitude="30.320278" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="101.48278" name="Tagong" stateProvince="Sichuan">Tagong</location>
grassland; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="30.320278">30°19′13″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="101.48278">101°28′58″E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.76" unit="m" value="3760.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.76" unit="m" value="3760.0">3760 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<collectingDate value="2018-08-03">3 Aug. 2018</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>Lu-Yao Yang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567051" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa fructa" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fructa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Panorpa fructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cheng, 1949 from Xinduqiao, 
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">C</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">H</emphasis>
. Male. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">A</emphasis>
. Habitus, dorsal view. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">C</emphasis>
. Habitus, lateral view. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">F</emphasis>
. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">G</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">H</emphasis>
. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">B</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">I</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">K</emphasis>
. Female. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">B</emphasis>
. Habitus, dorsal view. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">I</emphasis>
. Subgenital plate, ventral view. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">J</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">K</emphasis>
. Medigynium, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bars: A-B = 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
; C = 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
; D-K = 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Male: FL = 11.3-12.2 mm, FW = 2.8-3.2 mm; HL = 10.2-11.0 mm, HW = 2.7-3.0 mm. Female: FL = 12.0-12.5 mm, FW = 2.9-3.2 mm; HL = 10.4-11.3 mm, HW = 2.9-3.2 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Female: Head</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Live adult habitus and habitat of Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949. A. Habitat in Xinduqiao, Sichuan. B. Male, lateral view. C. Female, dorsal view. Photos by Lu-Yao Yang (A) and by Ning Li (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567050" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">10C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949 from Xinduqiao, Sichuan. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567051" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11B</figureCitation>
): Frons and occiput reddish brown. Vertex with broad black transverse band passing through ocellar triangle and extending to inner margins of compound eyes. Rostrum reddish brown, with two blackish brown submedian stripes. Labrum black brown. Maxillary and labial palps dark brown, with distal segments black. Antennal scape, pedicel black brown; flagellum black, filiform. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Thorax</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Live adult habitus and habitat of Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949. A. Habitat in Xinduqiao, Sichuan. B. Male, lateral view. C. Female, dorsal view. Photos by Lu-Yao Yang (A) and by Ning Li (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567050" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">10C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949 from Xinduqiao, Sichuan. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567051" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11B</figureCitation>
): Pronotum black, with 10-16 stout setae along anterior margin. Meso- and metanotum black, without pale mesal stripe; scutella black brown. Pleura black brown to black. Legs reddish brown, with distal tarsomere black. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Wings</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Live adult habitus and habitat of Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949. A. Habitat in Xinduqiao, Sichuan. B. Male, lateral view. C. Female, dorsal view. Photos by Lu-Yao Yang (A) and by Ning Li (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567050" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">10C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949 from Xinduqiao, Sichuan. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567051" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11B</figureCitation>
): Wing membrane hyaline, with dark brown markings. Forewing with broad apical band split into large spot anteriorly and series of small spots posteriorly; pterostigmal band complete anteriorly, with discrete basal branch and faint apical branch posteriorly; marginal spot prominent; basal band split into two spots; basal spot small and faint. Hindwing similar to forewing, but with relatively reduced markings; marginal spot and basal band extremely faint or absent; basal spot absent. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Abdomen</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949 from Xinduqiao, Sichuan. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567051" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11B</figureCitation>
): T2-T6 black. A7-A10 reddish brown. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Genitalia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949 from Xinduqiao, Sichuan. A, C - H. Male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D - F. Genital bulb, dorsal, ventral (removing hypandrium), and ventral views. G - H. Aedeagal complex, ventral and lateral views. B, I - K. Female. B. Habitus, dorsal view. I. Subgenital plate, ventral view. J - K. Medigynium, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bars: A-B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D-K = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567051" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11I-K</figureCitation>
): Subgenital plate ligulate, with V-shaped distal emargination, bearing long setae in distal half. Medigynium with broad, long main plate, lateral margin concaved; each lateral basal plate subbasally consisting of three pieces of sclerotized structure, extended to three-quarters length of main plate. Posterior arms slender, one-third as long as main plate; axis slightly extruded posteriorly, extending beyond main plate for half of its length anteriorly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">China: Sichuan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panorpa fructa" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fructa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Panorpa fructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described based on a single male specimen. Over two dozen female specimens from Kangding, the type locality, are determined here as members of this species. The specimens were collected at high-altitude from 3300 to 4000 m in alpine shrub meadow (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Live adult habitus and habitat of Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949. A. Habitat in Xinduqiao, Sichuan. B. Male, lateral view. C. Female, dorsal view. Photos by Lu-Yao Yang (A) and by Ning Li (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567050" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">10A</figureCitation>
). The darker body may help absorb solar heating to adapt the cold environment. The adults hold wings roof-like at repose (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Live adult habitus and habitat of Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949. A. Habitat in Xinduqiao, Sichuan. B. Male, lateral view. C. Female, dorsal view. Photos by Lu-Yao Yang (A) and by Ning Li (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e64325.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/567050" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">10B</figureCitation>
), which may be adapted to the strong wind environment in the alpine region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>