262 lines
26 KiB
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262 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3bbe66a-aeeb-43a5-ac78-6648765c8060" ID-PMC="PMC5126387" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-628-1" ID-PubMed="27917037" ID-ZBK="2D2565530AFA45C897EAB3A006CFF3F7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-628-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 628" ModsDocTitle="New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)" checkinTime="1477975617303" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Nieukerken, Erik J., Doorenweerd, Camiel, Nishida, Kenji & Snyers, Chris" docDate="2016" docId="B5318112E0922AAB6ED935FDE8D1BCA6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 628: 1-63" docOrigin="ZooKeys 628" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805" docTitle="Ozadelpha conostegiae van Nieukerken & Nishida, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="40CDDC2D-0672-4289-B525-03CCBBFC8FEC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="296BFFD9FF96495C2E58A0247558FFE0" masterDocTitle="New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1668163655911" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>van Nieukerken, Erik J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Doorenweerd, Camiel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nishida, Kenji</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Snyers, Chris</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>628</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>63</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-628-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">2D2565530AFA45C897EAB3A006CFF3F7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2D2565530AFA45C897EAB3A006CFF3F7</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127895160" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:40CDDC2D-0672-4289-B525-03CCBBFC8FEC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5318112E0922AAB6ED935FDE8D1BCA6" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Nepticulidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/40CDDC2D-0672-4289-B525-03CCBBFC8FEC" authority="van Nieukerken & Nishida" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha conostegiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conostegiae">Ozadelpha conostegiae van Nieukerken & Nishida</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="23" pageNumber="24">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype male">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Holotype male.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Costa Rica, Puntarenas Province, Monteverde,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
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Monteverde,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.3185835">10°19'06.9"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-84.80814">084°48'29.3"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1530 m, 2.iii.2012 collected leafmines, 31.iii.2012 adult emergence, host plant:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia oerstediana" order="Myrtales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oerstediana">Conostegia oerstediana</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Melastomataceae" lsidName="Ditrysia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
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), photos/leg/rear: Kenji Nishida, RMNH
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ditrysia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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, Genitalia slide EvN4506, RMNH.INS.24506 (RMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Externally recognised by leaden collar of lamellar scales and forewing with two fasciae, the first indistinctly joined to basal leaden area. Male genitalia unique and can not be confused with other
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<taxonomicName family="Nepticulidae" lsidName="" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
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. However, there are as yet unnamed rather similar species. See also next species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Male (Figs 68, 89). Head: frontal tuft yellow orange, scape white; antenna with 24-25 segments (n=2). Collar comprising lamellar scales, leaden. Thorax and forewings dark fuscous, forewing with basal leaden patch, poorly separated from
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<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">silver</pageBreakToken>
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fascia at 1/3, a second silver fascia at 2/3, often broken or narrowed in middle, at dorsum widened in both directions, silver scales along dorsum may reach other fascia, usually not; more distal silver scales usually separated from fascia. Hindwing with a
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<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">narrow</pageBreakToken>
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ochreous hairpencil inserted near frenulum of 1/3 hindwing length, hindwing scaling brown-grey. Leg upperside and abdomen dark fuscous, tarsi paler. Abdomen with indistinct grey anal tufts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Female (Fig. 90). Antenna with 19 segments (n=2). Hairpencil absent. Ovipositor broadly rounded.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Measurements. Male: forewing length 1.7-1.9 mm (n=2), wingspan: 3.8-4.3 mm. Female: forewing length 1.7-1.8 mm (n=3), wingspan 3.9-4.0 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Male genitalia (Figs 70-72). Total length capsule 385-405µm (n=2), ventral plate very large and anteriorly rounded; tegumen rounded. Uncus distinctly bilobed, with setose lobes; gnathos with triangular pointed central element. Valva length 140-150
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; transtilla well sclerotised, without sublateral processes. Phallus length 290
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, flask shaped vesica with ca. 9 larger triangular cornuti; two elongate sclerotisations may represent the cathrema, no striate cathrema observed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Female genitalia (Figs 74-76). Total length of bursa ca 660
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. T8 with row of ca 8 setae on either side, partly on distinct sockets; no setose anal papillae. Anterior apophyses broadly rounded, posterior apophyses narrow, straight, longer than anterior ones. Vestibulum more strongly stained, with indistinct sclerotisation; ductus bursae not demarcated from corpus bursae, corpus asymmetric, curved; wall completely devoid of spines or pectinations. Ductus spermathecae slightly curved, only one incomplete convolution at vesicle.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Host plants (Fig. 81).
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<taxonomicName family="Melastomataceae" lsidName="Ditrysia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia oerstediana" order="Myrtales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oerstediana">Conostegia oerstediana</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
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Berg ex Triana and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia pitierri" order="Myrtales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pitierri">Conostegia pitierri</taxonomicName>
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Cogn., evergreen trees. Both species are distributed from Nicaragua to Panama, and recorded between 700 and 2400 m elevations in Costa Rica (
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<bibRefCitation author="Almeda, F" editor="Hammel, BE" journalOrPublisher="Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="394 - 574" title="Melastomataceae." volumeTitle="Manual de plantas de Costa Rica VI, Dicotiledo ́ neas (Haloragaceae - Phytolaccaceae)" year="2007">Almeda 2007</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia oerstediana" order="Myrtales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oerstediana">Conostegia oerstediana</taxonomicName>
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is one of the widespread trees in the mid-elevation cloud forest of Costa Rica (K. Nishida, personal observation).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Figures 80-87.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha conostegiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conostegiae">Ozadelpha conostegiae</taxonomicName>
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, habitat, host plant,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia oerstediana" order="Myrtales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oerstediana">Conostegia oerstediana</taxonomicName>
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and leafmines at Costa Rica,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
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Monteverde 1530 m. 80 Habitat, a cloud forest (lower mountain wet forest), 8 June 2016 81 Treelets, infested with some leaf-mining larvae 82 Old leaf mines on host leaf, 24 March 2016 83 Old leaf and young mines, 25 April 2016 84, 85 Late instar larva in situ, upper epidermis removed to show larva, calcium oxalate crystals (druses) are not eaten and left behind, 18 May 2016 86 Close-up of leaf mine, upper mine is of late instar larva, note the zigzag frass line, lower mine is of early instar, 7 June 2016 87 Egg scale, dorsal view, attached to upperside of host leaf, 7 June 2016.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName genus="Leafmines" lsidName="Leafmines" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="genus">Leafmines</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 82, 83, 88). Narrow zigzag linear mine, pale brown in colour, on upperside leaf (n=42). Mature mine approximately 50 mm long (n=42). Some mines were found along leaf veins, i.e. mines were angular or square (n=7). The mines were mostly found on mature broad leaves of small treelets of less than a meter tall (n=ca 30). We recorded from a single mine up to 20 mines per leaf, with an average of 5 mines/leaf (n=15). Central portion of leaf mines filled with black frass, deposited in zigzag arcs (Fig. 86). Exit hole on underside of leaf at tip of mine, ellipsoid, 0.6-0.9 mm wide (n=5). Mines were found on leaves with a length of ca. 7-20 cm (mean 15.5) and width of ca. 4-13 cm (mean 9.75) (n=20).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Figures 88-94.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha conostegiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conostegiae">Ozadelpha conostegiae</taxonomicName>
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, life history details, Costa Rica,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
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Monteverde 1530 m. 88 Leaf mines, 2 cocoons and 3 adults on midrib on upperside host plant leaf, 29 March 2012 89 Close up of one adult male 90 Adult female resting on plastic bag under rearing conditions, ventral view, 1 December 2013 91 Pupa, ventral view, cocoon detached and removed, 7 June 2016 92 Cocoon spun on upperside on secondary vein under captive conditions, 7 June 2016 93 Cocoon-spinning mature larva, outer layer cocoon is removed to show larva, 19 June 2016 94
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ozadelpha</taxonomicName>
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specimen EvN4680, female, resting on upper side leaf along one of the primary veins, 3 February 2012.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Egg (Fig. 87). Laid singly, translucent with pale gold tint, oval, flat, egg case ca. 0.2 mm long, located contiguously to secondary leaf veins on upperside leaf (n=30). Some vacated egg cases were filled with frass (n=7).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Larva (Figs 84, 85, 93). Late to final instar larva translucent green, final instar larva 3.7 mm long (n=1).</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Cocoon (Figs 92, 93). Oval shaped, flat, double chambered, outer cocoon 2.3-3.3 mm long and 1.3-2.0 mm wide, inner cocoon 1.6-2.0 mm long and 0.8-1.3 mm wide, pale brown to brown (n=4). Exit slit side of cocoon slightly thinner and paler than opposite end. Under rearing conditions inside plastic bags, the larvae pupated
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<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
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host plant leaf, next to leaf veins or vein grooves either on upper or underside leaf (n=20) (Figs 88, 92). A species of a solitary koinobiont-endo parasitoid wasp was found inside the inner chamber of cocoon (n=2).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">Pupa</pageBreakToken>
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(Fig. 91). General appearance of mature pupa flat and dark brown, 1.5-1.7 mm long (n=2).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Voltinism and habits. Old and young leaf mines were seen all year round on treelets found along trails in forest understory at the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
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Monteverde. The
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<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">larvae</pageBreakToken>
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pupate away from the mine and host plant under natural conditions; however, it is unknown where the larvae spin their cocoons except for a single cocoon that was found on the underside of a mined leaf, but this was parasitized by a parasitoid wasp. Late stage to mature mines collected on 2.iii.2016 produced adults on 28-29.iii.2016. Mines collected on 21.v.2016 produced mature pupae (n=2) and mature pupae of a parasitoid wasp inside the moth cocoon (n=2) on 7.vi.2016. Mines collected on 25.v.2016 produced 6 cocoons between 2-6.vi.2016. Two eggs on a single leaf collected on 7.vi.2016 produced very early mines of ca. 1.2 mm and 8.6 mm long on 19.vi.2016. White, circular, pellet-like micro objects were found inside mines surrounding mining larvae (n=2) (Figs 84, 85). The pellets are calcium oxalate crystals (druses) according to R. Kriebel (personal communication). Thus the larvae appear to avoid feeding on druses.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName genus="Parasitoid" lsidName="Parasitoid" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="genus">Parasitoid</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName family="Eulophidae" lsidName="" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Entedoninae">Entedoninae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Cornugon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cornugon diabolos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diabolos">Cornugon diabolos</taxonomicName>
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Hansson (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hansson, C" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 26" title="Cornugon (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entedoninae) a new genus from tropical America including ten new species." url="http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt02873p026.pdf" volume="2873" year="2011">Hansson 2011</bibRefCitation>
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), endoparasitoid, koinobiont of host larva which pupates inside host cocoon (n=2). This comprises a new host record for the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Cornugon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cornugon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cornugon</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Hansson, C" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 26" title="Cornugon (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entedoninae) a new genus from tropical America including ten new species." url="http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt02873p026.pdf" volume="2873" year="2011">Hansson 2011</bibRefCitation>
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and personal communication).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Costa Rica: Alajuela, Guanacaste and Puntarenas Provinces.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="dna barcode">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">DNA barcode.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">We failed to produce a DNA barcode from the DNA extracts, but we obtained sequences for 28S and COII from the holotype, RMNH.INS.24506. They will be made available through GENBANK with another paper in preparation.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Ozadelpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ozadelpha conostegiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conostegiae">Ozadelpha conostegiae</taxonomicName>
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represents the first published record of a
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<taxonomicName family="Nepticulidae" lsidName="" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
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feeding on
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<taxonomicName family="Melastomataceae" lsidName="Ditrysia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
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. However, we also collected and reared unnamed
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Acalyptris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acalyptris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acalyptris</taxonomicName>
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species from the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Melastoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melastoma" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Melastoma</taxonomicName>
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from Australia: Queensland and Indonesia: Borneo. The genus
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Conostegia</taxonomicName>
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comprises 77 species of shrubs and trees in Central America, northern South America and the Carribean (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kriebel, R" journalOrPublisher="City University of New York, New York" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" title="Phylogeny, taxonomy and morphological evolution in Conostegia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae)" year="2014">Kriebel 2014</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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The epithet
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Ditrysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ditrysia conostegiae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conostegiae">conostegiae</taxonomicName>
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is a noun in genitive case, derived from the generic name of the host plant
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Conostegia</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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8♂, 6♀. Costa Rica: 1♂, Alajuela Province, Grecia, Reserva Forestal Grecia - Bosque del
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Niño">Nino</normalizedToken>
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, 10°.08'32.1"N, 084°.14'49.5"W, 1678 m, leafmines on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia oerstediana" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oerstediana">Conostegia oerstediana</taxonomicName>
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, xii.2012 adult emergence, Kenji Nishida (RMNH); 1♂, 3♀, Guanacaste Province, Monteverde, Santa Elena, going towards Bosque Eterno de los
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Niños">Ninos</normalizedToken>
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, San Gerardo Biological Station, 10°.21'25"N, 084°.47'35.1"W, 1500 m, leaf miner
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia oerstediana" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oerstediana">Conostegia oerstediana</taxonomicName>
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, emerged 23.iv.2012, Kenji Nishida, male abdomen missing, 3 female abdomens together in gelatin capsule, wing slide EvN4704, RMNH.INS.24704 (RMNH); 1♂, Puntarenas Province, Monteverde,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológia">Biologia</normalizedToken>
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Monteverde,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.3185835">10°19'06.9"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-84.80814">084°48'29.3"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1530 m, 2.iii.2012 leafmines, 31.iii.2012 adult emergence,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia oerstediana" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oerstediana">Conostegia oerstediana</taxonomicName>
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, Kenji Nishida; 2♂, 2♀, same data, but 29.iii.2012 adult emergence, genitalia slide ♂ EvN4679, RMNH.INS.24679 (RMNH); 2♂, 1♀, same data, but late stage leaf mines collected 18-19.v.2016, adult emergence 18.vi.2016 (MZUCR); 1♂, Puntarenas Province, Monteverde,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológia">Biologia</normalizedToken>
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Monteverde, 10°.19'13.95"N, 084°.48'20.83"W, 1600 m, 29.viii.2007 adult emergence, host plant:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia pitierri" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pitierri">Conostegia pitierri</taxonomicName>
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, slide EvN 4844 [preparation of broken exuviae] (RMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |