281 lines
28 KiB
XML
281 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="643234DAB72B574C2C99DEE64C6DF5A8" ID-CLB-Dataset="35045" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.10677" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9bee49e3-7184-47ae-8c81-8087c21739a6" ID-PMC="PMC5539366" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-661-15" ID-PubMed="28769602" ID-ZooBank="7ADEBBF244A04276AB7D1EB2BBFD8953" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-661-15" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 661" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Pacullidae and Tetrablemmidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Singapore" checkinTime="1489572793026" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lin, Yucheng, Koh, Joseph K. H., Koponen, Seppo & Li, Shuqiang" docDate="2017" docId="9A828FACDF4149A28F1BF0110ECFA443" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 661: 15-60" docOrigin="ZooKeys 661" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.10677" docTitle="Singaporemma singulare Shear 1978" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="D064C572FFEFFFD88F28FFD23F2FFFDE" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Pacullidae and Tetrablemmidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Singapore" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1701375565581" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CECC42A310535B9558FAD716283B365E">Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Pacullidae and Tetrablemmidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Singapore</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1C4AC823D39D1E0274053955609C931F">Lin, Yucheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8C9F03F69F755CD89554C131AE670A02">Koh, Joseph K. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BD45495D63F0D36D81E631971489BFA6">Koponen, Seppo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="809DCF99570A215E63613FCDF43730DE">Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4CFF30C882B4488198639B906BFEE3CF">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="031F5DB6D63FC5CF83615C71C0AB4EC3">661</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3D896D1DBAE10B152347431901ABF669">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CAAD5E61EAD17F87C00444776545A146" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.10677</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9A828FACDF4149A28F1BF0110ECFA443" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875386" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A828FACDF4149A28F1BF0110ECFA443" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A828FACDF4149A28F1BF0110ECFA443" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="BA7C71087AA11C3C08D1C57FAA70CBA3" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B387B8EBD8F0C5F3DB325030F91CF552" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="8354B84E0E7AFD831AF3F6EB2107B994" ID-CoL="4XK2M" authority="Shear, 1978" authorityName="Shear" authorityYear="1978" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma singulare" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singulare">Singaporemma singulare Shear, 1978</taxonomicName>
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Figs 22, 23
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<normalizedToken id="BA9817926C79B45ECF3F238030B03975" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="09A73A9A6D42A16B1D3E8EB20AEB70ED" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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, 24, 25, 26
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A4A18A59B4E4E6CDF54CE1CA6FE61AB5" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BB8FD262E9F5AFADA712D6FD22EC43C8" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="AF565ACC98E896CC7F86259116D3810E" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma singularis" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularis">Singaporemma singularis</taxonomicName>
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Shear, 1978: 36, figs 108-111; Lehtinen, 1981: 31.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3337E372EEC0895CD46721639060F9D8" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="examined materiral">
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<paragraph id="297707D8B29A6DE1FEAC4A169E2A9F3D" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Examined materiral.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="51ABF00CE5488DA07AA2DCEFF8F33D25" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Holotype ♂ and paratype 1♀ (AMNH), SINGAPORE: near MacRitchie Reservoir, 25 October 1950, M.W.F. Tweedie leg.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="37665F4E7D49F7ABD8A5BFDC35D0E00B" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="ECA27169F1ADE728061A99CB17155C47" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A94328A54C82633BFC0C965145799445" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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10♂ and 6♀ (LKCNHM), SINGAPORE: Central Catchment Nature Reserve, treetop walk,
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<geoCoordinate id="E882EF3C37232C885595C0A7831E4C40" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.3536944">1°21'13.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2489A4E8FDE92B2E36DB82981B0CC877" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="103.80817">103°48'29.4"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 28 August 2015, S. Li and Y. Tong leg; 5♂ and 4♀ (NHMSU), SINGAPORE: Central Catchment Nature Reserve, Treetop Walk,
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<geoCoordinate id="713B91706FDCBC3C1B362FB37C4C9B8F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.3536944">1°21'13.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="1DD05C62838E548084A75B0C28E9588A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="103.80817">103°48'29.4"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 28 August 2015, S. Li and Y. Tong leg.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="418C0B79DB08EF896BAE57DD3FC6B94F" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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<paragraph id="3D3A360FD74E74637FFB37B0388A192B" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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Figure 22.
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<taxonomicName id="411DC0B6526C0E30290474F44DAA27CE" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma singulare" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singulare">Singaporemma singulare</taxonomicName>
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Shear, 1978, male holotype (
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<normalizedToken id="B855E35722D8B44A583ED6E1695BE4F2" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, E, G) and female paratype (
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<normalizedToken id="FC71AF000B3969A9F51F06CA866A31D2" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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, F, H).
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<normalizedToken id="6E10772AF703CF7BD8F30E60B01499F8" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="6E07B2F09F0764572150B53B5065C495" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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habitus
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<normalizedToken id="45C14033BBEFE9A71AFE2EEEF569E7B1" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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prosoma. A, C dorsal B, D ventral
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<normalizedToken id="ADAF0A0B7E993305C57E95233E41BBCB" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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anterior
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<normalizedToken id="173361C60F26BD61949352BB7168DDD4" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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lateral. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E24150296D037C2932583C40E8222C24" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="other species studied for comparison">
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<paragraph id="6F2C5E14EC1CB34ED641222FCFE88080" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Other species studied for comparison.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006D3C9F735B521F24A97AC947CCFDD1" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="9965B8EA3890D38660EE90E720AE9336" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma adjacens" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjacens">Singaporemma adjacens</taxonomicName>
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Lehtinen, 1981 (Fig. 23F; Lehtinen, 1981: 31, figs 47, 51, 64). Holotype ♂ (NHMSU), VIETNAM: Quang Ninh, Ha Long, in litter of dense jungle close to seashore, altitude 10 m, 12 October 1978, P.T. Lehtinen leg.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7E7E9D2009AB039C8E2B7AB7468631C6" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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<paragraph id="342A58A85F772771C7CA1635D4C50D6E" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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Figure 23.
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<taxonomicName id="7A84BA426774B0C5CF1445B10081C29B" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma singulare" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singulare">Singaporemma singulare</taxonomicName>
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Shear, 1978, male holotype (
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<normalizedToken id="7EF6D77927B7AB0AD4B0ED16712EDC79" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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) and female paratype (
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<normalizedToken id="CCBE9F2B1FE2017E5766D85D03666DBE" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="2498EBBD84BD4D0D6B661456A5170372" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma adjacens" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjacens">Singaporemma adjacens</taxonomicName>
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Lehtinen, 1981, male holotype (F).
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<normalizedToken id="05ABCF90FDDC46124CC143EEA14A89F5" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="D5F207576252D6736E960BD0448B6905" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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left palp D embolic end G opisthosoma H Genital area (untreated). A, D prolateral B, F retrolateral C anterior E,
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<normalizedToken id="3709461063FF99F1E2CD3C45E6A69EFF" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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ventral. Abbreviations: A = anal plate; ep = embolic part of apes of palpal organ; L = lateral plate; MV = median ventrolateral plate; P = pulmonary plate; PA = preanal plate; PG = postgenital plate. Scale bars: 0.10 mm, D 0.05 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A4CE33FB18F551DCC484AB9033347613" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="484BDAD58A5139B002EDD9778C4BB7E2" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2070AB2F66510CD61F9CD2CB083F8CAB" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="290EB9AC008F7C0C5B83C4775916B4D6" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma singulare" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singulare">Singaporemma singulare</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="13409D99E7550C815FC31AFCE88AC45D" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma bifurcata" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata">Singaporemma bifurcata</taxonomicName>
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(see Lin and Li, 2010: 26, figs 35-37) and
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<taxonomicName id="B7C7FD388BBF004586135BE64FDACEEB" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma wulongensis" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wulongensis">Singaporemma wulongensis</taxonomicName>
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(see Lin and Li, 2014: 46, fig. 8
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<normalizedToken id="27E1E15E835BC57E2C96B4EECF56DBD9" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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) by the embolus without any furcate end; from
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<taxonomicName id="6452E7C8FBE56E4F5EB85FC32AC487E4" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma adjacens" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjacens">Singaporemma adjacens</taxonomicName>
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(see Fig. 23F and Lehtinen, 1981: 31: fig. 64
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<normalizedToken id="B6A6578D549BC7E00411E7DB243313CF" originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
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) by the narrower embolus. It is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="A60394D1330149FF013AE1CC32915691" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma banxiaoensis" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banxiaoensis">Singaporemma banxiaoensis</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="05E26B1FBE880952250A21BD1439A709" author="Lin, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="15" pageNumber="30" pagination="35 - 67" title="New cave-dwelling armored spiders (Araneae, Tetrablemmidae) from Southwest China." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.388.5735" volume="388" year="2014">Lin and Li 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: 42, fig. 5
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<normalizedToken id="B7C572B93F3C5272C6F4AE7142776960" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="C7B6B99FBFE473478364491FA2632C24" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma halongense" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halongense">Singaporemma halongense</taxonomicName>
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(see Figs 19A, 21
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<normalizedToken id="A5546768893BF37E1AE4021FF2F26117" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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and Lehtinen, 1981: 31, fig. 62
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<normalizedToken id="1931737BD5C60C3CF9397582B039F12D" originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="556414C31165147ADF136D2BEAD09987" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma lenachanae" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lenachanae">Singaporemma lenachanae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (Figs 17
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<normalizedToken id="C65A8C1EDAB61BF19DF4A282D1632579" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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, 18
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<normalizedToken id="B6B4A74CADC24BDF559F927F0EEBCAA5" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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, 19
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<normalizedToken id="D252ADE7FE621908CF28CD9256D79DBF" originalValue="B–I">B-I</normalizedToken>
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) in having a straight embolus with modified end, but the male can be distinguished by the initial position of embolus (Figs 23A, 25D) and the knife-shaped embolic end (Figs 23D, 25C). Female distinguished by the absence of central process (Fig. 26C) and the punctured rather than reticulated clypeal area (Fig. 24F).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D1647C25E0E8E0B02E1B2EB63F8E1931" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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<paragraph id="5137B3428820982D80300507CB8AB0C1" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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Figure 24.
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<taxonomicName id="5AD16A018EE485D88A8E6B7CD49B919F" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma singulare" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singulare">Singaporemma singulare</taxonomicName>
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Shear, 1978, male and female specimens from Singapore.
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<normalizedToken id="F51E6362D16638CAD6AFFDE62504BD1C" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="1809D003934515499E49541CD4AD578B" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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habitus
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<normalizedToken id="52A3FAB6961D7EB3F9AF19D1A02BD6E8" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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prosoma. A, C dorsal B, D ventral
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BA2AFF7550666E4F31F11F2743DB02F0" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
anterior
|
||
<normalizedToken id="630ECF43F158F86F5609F0727945D980" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
lateral. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EF04147965FFD7E215BC6CA0D0A51A8A" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="07CB1446CD93B3409C72D1E616322CE8" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8691F03ECCF89A209F56B28603DB1215" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Male. Coloration: body reddish-brown; legs yellowish-brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C2D185423D0A00990916AF5B71534EDB" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Measurements: total length 1.14; carapace 0.50 long, 0.45 wide, 0.44 high; abdomen 0.73 long, 0.60 wide, 0.52 high; clypeus 0.19 high; sternum 0.30 long, 0.33 wide. Length of legs: I 1.24 (0.40, 0.13, 0.30, 0.19, 0.22); II 1.10 (0.34, 0.12, 0.26, 0.18, 0.20); III 0.99 (0.30, 0.12, 0.22, 0.17, 0.18); IV 1.36 (0.43, 0.14, 0.34, 0.23, 0.22).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="11D74479869EFB5B2B9F7EE0286130E7" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Prosoma (Fig. 24
|
||
<normalizedToken id="09E726BC200ECA232D7500ECBF75190F" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
, E, G): carapace finely reticulated, except for the radial grooves in thoracic area, marginally denticulate (Fig. 24A, E); eyes with black base, ALE>AME>PLE, ALE and PLE adjacent, ARE straight; cephalic part raised, top flat, covered with long setae (Fig. 24G); clypeus high, sharply sloping forward, bears densely short setae, anterior margin rugose (Fig. 24E); Cheliceral frontal surface sculptured, but lack of process, cheliceral lamina developed; sternum finely reticulated, marginally rugose, and posteriorly truncated. Legs striated, cuticle scalelike.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B1A7442A3054DD1AA124E45BA9595A7" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Opisthosoma (Figs 24
|
||
<normalizedToken id="28E2883BFA50CFD031B53788257EBA93" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
, G; 26A): covered with serrated setae; dorsal scutum oval, reticulated, bears sparse nodules and setae; ventral scutum reticulated, margin rugose; booklung cover rounded, smooth; lateral scutum I long, exceeding by far the posterior margin of preanal scutum; perigenital scutum large; postgenital scutum wide, its posterior margin overlaps joint of anterior margin of preanal scutum; preanal scutum rectangular, with blunt corners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B109CCB67436790D01A5DC9E71347890" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="F3467CC0C9B6A8905681FD254C56C5A0" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Figure 25.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF5DE4CAA73299E169896D8F46392D4C" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma singulare" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singulare">Singaporemma singulare</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shear, 1978, male specimen from Singapore. A palpal bulb, ventral B left palp, anterior C embolic end, prolateral D left palp, prolateral Editto, retrolateral. Abbreviations: ep = embolic part of apes of palpal organ. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE2F57BCD091B0FBE8471FBA0A5EC5F4" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Palp (Figs 23
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7EA0468DA81AE19433CB8AD00C3ED7AC" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4B8AED4418D4927C92A498DD144EBA25" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
): femoral cuticle granular, striated, approximately 2.6 times as long as patella; patella short; tibia swollen, 1.8 times as wide as femur; cymbium wide and compressed; bulb long egg-shaped, surface smooth; spermatic duct basally wide, and tapering to the base of embolus after coiling a loop; embolus thin and long, weakly sclerotized, starting from the prolateral pericenter of bulbous surface, and almost straight downwards (Figs 23A, 25D); embolic end flexuous, knife-shaped (Figs 23D, 25C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="952AC3A6EFC5858670390093542A1BE1" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Female. Coloration: body slightly lighter than in male; legs yellowish-brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC9241FF2B8563BCADB81451B88B5C57" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Measurement: total length 1.18; carapace 0.50 long, 0.44 wide, 0.44 high; abdomen 0.74 long, 0.63 wide, 0.56 high; clypeus 0.17 high; sternum 0.29 long, 0.32 wide. Length of legs: I 1.24 (0.40, 0.14, 0.28, 0.20, 0.22); II 1.14 (0.37, 0.13, 0.25, 0.19, 0.20); III 1.04 (0.32, 0.12, 0.22, 0.18, 0.20); IV 1.39 (0.44, 0.13, 0.35, 0.24, 0.23).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="837B4A9E403F9933E35236F995C08473" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="B47941BDA05ACDE5C7A081977519CA27" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Figure 26.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DF2B341BC79D669F6B6152EE3EF0EBE" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma singulare" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singulare">Singaporemma singulare</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shear, 1978, female specimen from Singapore. A opisthosoma B genital area (untreated) C cleared vulva (lactic acid-treated) Dditto.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CA96938EBF3F7F94277A6860AD2B11CD" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
, D ventral C dorsal. Abbreviations: A = anal plate; AV = anterior ventrolateral plate; EP = epigynal pit; IVP = inner vulval plate; L = lateral plate; LH = lateral horn; MV = median ventrolateral plate; P = pulmonary plate; PA = preanal plate; PG = postgenital plate; SR = seminal receptaculum; VD = vulval duct; VS = vulval stem. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E27DDAE74D533D36BFF1406A4E36AE5" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Prosoma (Fig. 24
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AA82E6B16114BBC64D2ABFC0FA8B8DA4" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, F, H) as in male, except for clypeal area no reticulated, but covered with short setae. Palp reduced. Legs also as in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A6CFA0FFA6C735ED27945D40E044912B" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Opisthosoma (Figs 24
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8C89F90E4F58358FA77DBF4B04F25554" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, H; 26A): dorsal and ventral scuta as in male; lateral scutum I long, exceeding by far posterior margin of preanal scutum; perigenital scutum large, long oval; postgenital scutum slightly curved, faintly wider than preanal scutum, overlapped joint the anterior margin of preanal scutum; preanal scutum smooth, nearly rectangular, with sparse serrated setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="266D85294A1A59BB86FB5F497FAD21DB" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Genitalia (Figs 23H, 26
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CD8022BF9C67338A8F67AB7C6A6D2008" originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
): epigynal pit small, indistinct (Fig. 26B, D), closed to vulval posterior margin (Fig. 21C); vulval stem wide, connected with lateral horns; central process absent; inner vulval plate
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1E6E80C324AD44C9493414570490E593" originalValue="“T”">"T"</normalizedToken>
|
||
-shaped, basally sclerotized (Fig. 26C); lateral horn narrow, and straight; vulval ducts relatively wide, upward curved, translucent, connected to the saccular seminal receptaculum (Fig. 26C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F08F3FB626BCA28B4070DB8FB5E4776F" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF8D4D20F00FD3048851FE606208C280" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B47CECBECEC26A033E315E85BE235AE4" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Singapore.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FA992F415157C743B7D64DE916EFDF28" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="531DE4C7D86914E18F2FE85641D15F5B" pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="8E937789D39ED2B0183F8D49C6051029" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3899000F6450206163F8B1D9EE054354" pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
|
||
This species is originally described from Singapore and was designated as the type species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB1420043AE82382F50C37AB361CA275" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Singaporemma</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7F69183F9DB4C47AD6F61F41CC49B33" author="Shear, WA" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="15" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 46" title="Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Tetrablemmidae and Pacullidae." volume="2650" year="1978">Shear (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Based on the only male specimen available at that time, he had illustrated an embolus of the right palp that was said to be "curving sharply posteriorly" (Shear, 1978: 36, figs 109-110), i.e. bent at right angles at about mid-length.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="66E725777070F9CACD9D82728D2374D8" author="Schwendinger, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="30" pagination="423 - 436" title="Two new species of armoured spiders from Vietnam and Cambodia (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae: Pacullinae)." volume="122" year="2015">
|
||
Schwendinger and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="64BA66E99315CE4A9D9BA85A78F4376D" originalValue="Košulič">Kosulic</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5687673F204A1038B05F409C87CFAF40" originalValue="Shear’s">Shear's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1FD49586F064B3F3C379DC1FACE905C" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma singulare" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singulare">Singaporemma singulare</taxonomicName>
|
||
was based on an atypical specimen. They noted that five other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A8C9FB2DE7AD54818634D2656B4DFFF" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Singaporemma</taxonomicName>
|
||
male specimens from Singapore, one of them from the type locality itself, all had "essentially straight emboli (only slightly bent ventrad) on both palps". We have since reexamined the holotype of the species and photographed its left palp (Fig. 23
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DCF8B416355A91362B0170E24B76ECE8" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
). We can now confirm that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A94B77417B9C0C3F828E5DDE992C861A" author="Shear, WA" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="15" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 46" title="Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Tetrablemmidae and Pacullidae." volume="2650" year="1978">Shear (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had indeed described a deformed embolus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |