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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704" ID-GBIF-Dataset="00685a01-0785-47ec-aa0b-77c991ee4b08" ID-PMC="PMC7078340" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-65-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DED2BF86E6FD56179642F7119604CEB9" ID-PubMed="32206025" ModsDocID="1314-4049-65-49" checkinTime="1583860301782" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hou, Lingwei, Hernandez-Restrepo, Margarita, Groenewald, Johannes Zacharias, Cai, Lei &amp; Crous, Pedro W." docDate="2020" docId="79C5335520025B6CB44A5142F644BAA9" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 65: 49-99" docOrigin="MycoKeys 65" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704" docTitle="Ascochyta benningiorum Hern. - Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="DED2BF86E6FD56179642F7119604CEB9" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="DED2BF86E6FD56179642F7119604CEB9" masterDocTitle="Citizen science project reveals high diversity in Didymellaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668136425574" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Citizen science project reveals high diversity in Didymellaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hou, Lingwei</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hernandez-Restrepo, Margarita</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Groenewald, Johannes Zacharias</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cai, Lei</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Crous, Pedro W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>65</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>49</mods:start>
<mods:end>99</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-65-49</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DED2BF86E6FD56179642F7119604CEB9</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162481720" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:79C5335520025B6CB44A5142F644BAA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/79C5335520025B6CB44A5142F644BAA9" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName LSID="79C53355-2002-5B6C-B44A-5142F644BAA9" authority="Hern. - Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous" authorityName="Hern. - Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous" authorityYear="2020" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Didymellaceae" genus="Ascochyta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ascochyta benningiorum" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="benningiorum" status="sp. nov.">Ascochyta benningiorum Hern.-Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Ascochyta benningiorum (CBS 144957). A, B Colony on OA (front and reverse) C, D colony on MEA (front and reverse) E, F colony on PDA (front and reverse) G pycnidia forming on OA H pycnidium I section of pycnidium J section of pycnidial wall K-M conidiogenous cells N conidia. Scale bars: 100 μm (H, I); 10 μm (J); 5 μm (K-N)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388205" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hern. - Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous" authorityYear="2020" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Didymellaceae" genus="Ascochyta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="benningiorum" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="benningiorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">benningiorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to Eva, Bas &amp; Anne Benning who collected the soil sample from which the ex-type strain was isolated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="typus">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Typus.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
The Netherlands. Gelderland province, Wijchen, isolated from garden soil, Mar. 2017, E. Benning, B. Benning &amp; A. Benning (
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">holotype</emphasis>
designated here CBS H-24104, living ex-type culture CBS 144957 = JW 196005).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Conidiomata</emphasis>
pycnidial, mostly solitary, sometimes confluent, globose or subglobose, irregularly-shaped with age, brown to dark brown, glabrous, mostly produced on the agar surface and some immersed, 140-480(-580)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100-370(-440)
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; with 1-6(-10) slightly papillate ostioles; pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous, 4-8 layers, 14.5-65
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, outer layers composed of brown, flattened polygonal cells of 11-28
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
diam.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Conidiogenous cells</emphasis>
phialidic, hyaline, smooth, globose, ampulliform to lageniform, 5.5-9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-6.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Conidia</emphasis>
cylindrical, hyaline, smooth- and thin-walled, mostly straight, occasionally curved, aseptate, (3.5-)4.5-7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, 2-guttulate, small.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Conidia
<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Didymellaceae" genus="Ascochyta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="matrix" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="matrix">matrix</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
whitish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Culture characteristics.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Colonies after 7 d at 25 °C, on OA reaching 50-55 mm diam, aerial mycelium floccose, olivaceous to olivaceous black, buff towards the periphery, abundant production of pycnidia, margin irregular; reverse concolorous with the surface. On MEA reaching 40-45 mm diam, aerial mycelium floccose, concentric circles, centre pink, grey olivaceous, mouse grey, rosy buff toward periphery, moderate production of pycnidia, margin irregular; reverse orange, olivaceous black toward periphery. On PDA reaching 45-50 mm diam, aerial mycelium floccose, dark brick to olivaceous grey, buff towards periphery, abundant production of pycnidia, margin irregular; reverse concolorous with the surface. NaOH spot test negative on OA.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">The Netherlands. Gelderland province, Wijchen, isolated from garden soil, Mar. 2017, E. Benning, B. Benning &amp; A. Benning, JW 196023 = CBS 144958; ibid. JW 196013.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hern. - Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous" authorityYear="2020" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Didymellaceae" genus="Ascochyta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ascochyta benningiorum" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="benningiorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Ascochyta benningiorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is represented in the phylogenetic tree by three isolates (CBS 144957, CBS 144958 and JW 196013) from the same soil sample collected in Wijchen (Gelderland province).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hern. - Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous" authorityYear="2020" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Didymellaceae" genus="Ascochyta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ascochyta benningiorum" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="benningiorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Ascochyta benningiorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grouped in a distinct clade close to
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. phacae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="phacae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. phacae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree generated from the maximum-likelihood analysis based on the combined ITS, LSU, tub 2 and rpb 2 sequence alignment of Didymellaceae members. The RAxML bootstrap support values (BS), Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP), and parsimony bootstrap support values (PBS) are given at the nodes (BS / PP / PBS). BS and PBS values represent parsimony bootstrap support values&gt; 50 %. Full supported branches are indicated in bold. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. Ex-type strains are represented in bold. Strains obtained in the current study are printed in green; among them, whilst strains that represent new taxa are printed in red. Some of the basal branches were shortened to facilitate layout (the fraction in round parentheses refers to the presented length compared to the actual length of the branch). The tree was rooted to Coniothyrium palmarum CBS 400.71 and Leptosphaeria doliolum CBS 505.75." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388204" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1</figureCitation>
). However, it morphologically differs from
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. phacae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="phacae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. phacae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having smaller (3.5-7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
) and aseptate conidia. In
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. phacae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="phacae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. phacae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the conidia are 7-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-4
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
and 0-1-septate (
<bibRefCitation author="Corbaz, R" journalOrPublisher="Sydowia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="229 - 230" refId="B18" refString="Corbaz, R, 1955. Sur Didymella phacae Corbaz. Sydowia 9: 229 - 230" title="Sur Didymella phacae Corbaz." volume="9" year="1955">Corbaz 1955</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Species in
<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Didymellaceae" genus="Ascochyta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ascochyta" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Ascochyta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are commonly regarded as plant pathogens, especially of cereal crops and legumes (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9132-x" author="Davidson, JA" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Plant Pathology" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="99 - 110" refId="B24" refString="Davidson, JA, Kimber, RBE, 2007. Integrated disease management of ascochyta blight in pulse crops. European Journal of Plant Pathology 119: 99 - 110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9132-x" title="Integrated disease management of ascochyta blight in pulse crops." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9132-x" volume="119" year="2007">Davidson and Kimber 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9117-9" author="Tivoli, B" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Plant Pathology" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="59 - 76" refId="B61" refString="Tivoli, B, Banniza, S, 2007. Comparison of the epidemiology of ascochyta blights on grain legumes. European Journal of Plant Pathology 119: 59 - 76, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9117-9" title="Comparison of the epidemiology of ascochyta blights on grain legumes." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9117-9" volume="119" year="2007">Tivoli and Banniza 2007</bibRefCitation>
), and only a few species were reported from soil, namely
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. fabae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="fabae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. fabae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. lentis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="lentis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. lentis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="pisi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. pisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. rabiei" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="rabiei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. rabiei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07060668609501837" author="Gossen, BD" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="28 - 32" refId="B33" refString="Gossen, BD, Morrall, RAA, 1986. Transmission of Ascochyta lentis from infected lentil seed and plant residue. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 8: 28 - 32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07060668609501837" title="Transmission of Ascochyta lentis from infected lentil seed and plant residue." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07060668609501837" volume="8" year="1986">Gossen and Morrall 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9117-9" author="Tivoli, B" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Plant Pathology" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="59 - 76" refId="B61" refString="Tivoli, B, Banniza, S, 2007. Comparison of the epidemiology of ascochyta blights on grain legumes. European Journal of Plant Pathology 119: 59 - 76, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9117-9" title="Comparison of the epidemiology of ascochyta blights on grain legumes." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9117-9" volume="119" year="2007">Tivoli and Banniza 2007</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. syringae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="syringae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. syringae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the current study. Nevertheless,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. benningiorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="benningiorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. benningiorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from these species (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree generated from the maximum-likelihood analysis based on the combined ITS, LSU, tub 2 and rpb 2 sequence alignment of Didymellaceae members. The RAxML bootstrap support values (BS), Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP), and parsimony bootstrap support values (PBS) are given at the nodes (BS / PP / PBS). BS and PBS values represent parsimony bootstrap support values&gt; 50 %. Full supported branches are indicated in bold. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. Ex-type strains are represented in bold. Strains obtained in the current study are printed in green; among them, whilst strains that represent new taxa are printed in red. Some of the basal branches were shortened to facilitate layout (the fraction in round parentheses refers to the presented length compared to the actual length of the branch). The tree was rooted to Coniothyrium palmarum CBS 400.71 and Leptosphaeria doliolum CBS 505.75." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388204" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2015.10.003" author="Chen, Q" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="137 - 217" refId="B15" refString="Chen, Q, Jiang, JR, Zhang, GZ, Cai, L, Crous, PW, 2015. Resolving the Phoma enigma. Studies in Mycology 82: 137 - 217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2015.10.003" title="Resolving the Phoma enigma." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2015.10.003" volume="82" year="2015">Chen et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.65.47704.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388205" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hern. - Restr., L. W. Hou, L. Cai &amp; Crous" authorityYear="2020" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Didymellaceae" genus="Ascochyta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ascochyta benningiorum" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="benningiorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Ascochyta benningiorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CBS 144957).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A, B</emphasis>
Colony on OA (front and reverse)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C, D</emphasis>
colony on MEA (front and reverse)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">E, F</emphasis>
colony on PDA (front and reverse)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">G</emphasis>
pycnidia forming on OA
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">H</emphasis>
pycnidium
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">I</emphasis>
section of pycnidium
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">J</emphasis>
section of pycnidial wall
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">K-M</emphasis>
conidiogenous cells
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N</emphasis>
conidia. Scale bars: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">H, I</emphasis>
); 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">J</emphasis>
); 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">K-N</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>