327 lines
30 KiB
XML
327 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9e0336c-85fe-4d7c-8998-fadb8b1e4a29" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737594" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0889-4-39" ID-Pensoft-UUID="73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9" ID-ZooBank="D9502F1AAEC04B0F845C87D86632AF17" ModsDocID="2535-0889-4-39" checkinTime="1587713590471" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huemer, Peter" docDate="2020" docId="CB46DEE58F9253F69C2D0D5BC763A531" docLanguage="en" docName="AlpEntomol 4: 39-63" docOrigin="Alpine Entomology 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703" docTitle="Caryocolum improvisella Huemer 2020, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9" masterDocTitle="Integrative revision of the Caryocolum schleichi species group - a striking example of a temporally changing species concept (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="39" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1643439336999" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Integrative revision of the Caryocolum schleichi species group - a striking example of a temporally changing species concept (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebgsges. m. b. H., Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum, Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Krajnc-Str. 1, A- 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-545X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">p.huemer@tiroler-landesmuseen.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Alpine Entomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>39</mods:start>
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<mods:end>63</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0889-4-39</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D9502F1AAEC04B0F845C87D86632AF17</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737594" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB46DEE58F9253F69C2D0D5BC763A531" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB46DEE58F9253F69C2D0D5BC763A531" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName LSID="CB46DEE5-8F92-53F6-9C2D-0D5BC763A531" authority="(Rebel, 1936)" authorityName="Huemer" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rebel" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum improvisella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improvisella" status="stat. rev.">Caryocolum improvisella (Rebel, 1936)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="39">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName authority="Treitschke, 1833" authorityName="Treitschke" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Lita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lita improvisella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improvisella">Lita improvisella</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Rebel, H" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift des Oesterreichischen Entomologen-Vereins, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="2 - 4" refId="B27" refString="Rebel, H, 1936. Drei neue Mikrolepidopterenarten aus der Schweiz. Zeitschrift des Oesterreichischen Entomologen-Vereins, Wien 21: 2 - 4" title="Drei neue Mikrolepidopterenarten aus der Schweiz." volume="21" year="1936">Rebel 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 3, pl. 1, fig. 7. Lectotype ♂, Switzerland:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Graubünden">Graubuenden</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Remüs">Remues</normalizedToken>
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(Unterengadin), 21.vii.1931, leg. Thomann (BNCH) [here designated, not traced].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Austria: 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Tirol, Zams,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Steinseehüttenweg">Steinseehuettenweg</normalizedToken>
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, 1000 m, 17 Sep. 1987, leg. Huemer; 1 ♂, Tirol, Vennatal, 1500 m, e.l. 2.viii.l956 (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus sylvestris" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), leg. Burmann; 1 ♂, 4 ♀, same data, but 850 m, 13 Aug. 1988, leg. Burmann & Huemer; 1 ♂, same data, but
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<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="47.17639">47°10'35"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="14" value="10.603889">10°36'14"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 29 Jul. 1989, leg. Burmann; 1 ♂, Tirol,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fließ">Fliess</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Vögele">Voegele</normalizedToken>
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Bichl,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="47.115833">47°6'57"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="10.626389">10°37'35"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 23 Jul. 2014, DNA Barcode TLMF Lep 15322, gen. slide GEL 1256 ♂ P. Huemer; 2 ♂, Tirol, Umhausen, unterh. Farst, 1100 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="47.156944">47°9'25"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="10.922778">10°55'22"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 5 Sep. 2013, DNA Barcode TLMF 13394, gen. slide in glycerin; 1 ♀, Tirol, Umhausen, 1500 m, 9 Jul. 1948 e.l. (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus sylvestris" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), leg. Burmann, gen. slide GU 86-109 ♀ P. Huemer; 1 ♀, same data, but 10 Jul. 1948 e.l., gen. slide GU 86-109 ♀ P. Huemer; 1 ♀, same data, but 15 Jul. 1948 e.l.; 1 ♀, same data, but 19 Jul. 1948 e.l. Italy: 3 ♂,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Südtirol">Suedtirol</normalizedToken>
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province, Laas, 5 Jul. 1987 e.l. (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) leg. Huemer, gen. slide GEL 1290 ♂ P. Huemer; 1 ♂, same data, but 2 Jul. 1987 e.l. (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); 1 ♀, same data, but 14 Jul. 1987 e.l. (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); 1 ♀,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Südtirol">Suedtirol</normalizedToken>
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province, Laatsch, 1000 m, 19 Aug. 1972, leg. Burmann; 1 ♀,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Südtirol">Suedtirol</normalizedToken>
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province, Matschertal, Waalweg, 1750 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="46.712223">46°42'44"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="10.642222">10°38'32"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 24 Aug. 2017, leg. Huemer, DNA Barcode TLMF Lep 23714 (all TLMF).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures21-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403192" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figures 21–24" startId="F7">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figures 21-24.</emphasis>
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Male genitalia (details vinculum-valva-complex).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">21</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Christoph" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum schleichi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schleichi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Caryocolum schleichi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Syria, slide GU 86/273 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">22</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. dianthella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="dianthella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. dianthella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Spain, slide GEL 1284 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">23</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. improvisella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="improvisella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. improvisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Austria, slide GEL 1256 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">24</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. improvisella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="improvisella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. improvisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Italy, slide GEL 120 P. Huemer.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures25-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403193" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figures 25–28" startId="F8">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figures 25-28.</emphasis>
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Male genitalia (details vinculum-valva-complex).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">25</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Benander" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum arenariella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenariella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Caryocolum arenariella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Russia, slide GEL 1260 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">26</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, holotype, Italy, slide GEL 1255;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">27</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1258 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">28</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. habeleri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="habeleri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. habeleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype, France, slide GEL 1289 P. Huemer.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures29-30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403194" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figures 29, 30" startId="F9">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figures 29, 30.</emphasis>
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Female genitalia.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">29</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Christoph" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum schleichi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schleichi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Caryocolum schleichi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Syria, slide GU 86/277 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">30</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. dianthella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="dianthella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. dianthella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Spain, slide GEL 1285 P. Huemer.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. improvisella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="improvisella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. improvisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. schleichi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="schleichi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. schleichi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the brown rather than white head, thorax and tegulae. It is usually larger than
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. arenariella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="arenariella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. arenariella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but otherwise cannot be reliably separated from the other species of the complex by external characters. The male genitalia are characterized in particular by the distally widened valva with a moderately long, pointed dorsal process, a character which is only shared with
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. arenariella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="arenariella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. arenariella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, this process is distinctly shorter than in
|
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. arenariella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="arenariella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. arenariella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The species differs from
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in several characters such as the broader valva with a longer dorsal process and the distinctly shorter latero-medial processes of the vinculum. The female genitalia are hardly discernible from several other species of the
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. schleichi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="schleichi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. schleichi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group though the short crescent shaped base of the signum in combination with the moderately slender signum hook seem characteristic and differ from all other species except for
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the individual variation of these characters is insufficiently documented due to lack of material.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Adult (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 8. Adults. 3 Caryocolum schleichi, male, Syria; 4 C. dianthella, male, Spain; 5 C. improvisella, male, Austria; 6 C. improvisella, female, Austria; 7 C. arenariella, male, Sweden; 8 C. arenariella, female, Sweden." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures3-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403188" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">5</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 8. Adults. 3 Caryocolum schleichi, male, Syria; 4 C. dianthella, male, Spain; 5 C. improvisella, male, Austria; 6 C. improvisella, female, Austria; 7 C. arenariella, male, Sweden; 8 C. arenariella, female, Sweden." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures3-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403188" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length ♂ 5.5-7.0 mm, ♀ 4.5-6.0 mm. Head with dark grey-brown vertex, mottled with white, frons cream-white; first segment of labial palpus dark brown, second segment cream-white on inner and upper surface, ventral and outer surface predominantly dark brown, dark brown mixed with few whitish scales on segment three; antenna black, weakly ringed paler. Thorax and tegula dark brown anteriorly, posterior half mixed cream with dark brown and some rusty brown mottling. Abdomen grey to whitish grey on ventral surface. Forewing dark brown, mottled with greyish white on dorsal margin; white transverse fascia from fold to costa at one-fifth; white medial spot occasionally extended towards costal and dorsal margin; white costal and tornal spots separate; fringes basally dark brown, distal part paler. Hindwing light grey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">The extension of white markings of the forewings varies considerably.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="male genitalia">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Male genitalia</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 16. Male genitalia. 13 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 273 P. Huemer; 14 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1284 P. Huemer; 15 C. improvisella, Austria, slide GEL 1256 P. Huemer; 16 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 1290 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403190" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 16. Male genitalia. 13 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 273 P. Huemer; 14 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1284 P. Huemer; 15 C. improvisella, Austria, slide GEL 1256 P. Huemer; 16 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 1290 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403190" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 21–24" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 21 - 24. Male genitalia (details vinculum-valva-complex). 21 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 273 P. Huemer; 22 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1284 P. Huemer; 23 C. improvisella, Austria, slide GEL 1256 P. Huemer; 24 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 120 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures21-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403192" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">23</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 21–24" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 21 - 24. Male genitalia (details vinculum-valva-complex). 21 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 273 P. Huemer; 22 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1284 P. Huemer; 23 C. improvisella, Austria, slide GEL 1256 P. Huemer; 24 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 120 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures21-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403192" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uncus broadly sub-quadrangular, posterior corners rounded; lateral sclerites of gnathos distinct, medial part with large minutely spined culcitula; tegumen weakly widened anteriorly, with slightly emarginated anterior margin; transtilla sclerotized, longitudinally folded; pedunculus large, sub-oval, with sclerotized inner edge; valva nearly straight, long, distal part broadly dilated with weakly curved dorsal and straight ventral edges, apex with two processes, moderately long and pointed dorsal process extended to about middle of uncus, broadly digitate ventral process at about right-angles to and about length of dorsal process; sacculus moderately long, slender, with parallel margins, apically pointed; posterior margin of vinculum deeply incised medially, with pair of moderately long digitate processes, pair of latero-medial processes broadly hump-like; saccus slightly longer than valva, slender, gradually tapered to apex; phallus long, slender, nearly straight, apically with area of small cornuti.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="female genitalia">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Female genitalia</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 31, 32" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 31, 32. Female genitalia. 31 Caryocolum improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 1291 P. Huemer; 32 C. arenariella, Sweden, slide GEL 1292 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures31-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403195" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">31</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–39" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 36 - 39. Female genitalia (segment VIII). 36 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 277 P. Huemer; 37 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1285 P. Huemer; 38 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 1291 P. Huemer; 39 C. arenariella, Sweden, slide GEL 1292 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures36-39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403197" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">38</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 43–46" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 43 - 46. Female genitalia (signum). 43 Caryocolum schleichi, Syria, slide GU 86 / 277 P. Huemer; 44 C. dianthella, Spain, slide GEL 1285 P. Huemer; 45 C. improvisella, Italy, slide GEL 1291 P. Huemer; 46 C. arenariella, Sweden, slide GEL 1292 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures43-46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403199" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">45</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apophysis posterior about four times length of apophysis anterior; segment VIII without processes, smooth; ostium bursae with short lateral folds; apophysis anterior about length of segment VIII; antrum short, about one-fifth length of apophysis anterior, funnel-shaped; posterior part of ductus bursae with pair of long lateral sclerites extending to about apex of apophysis anterior, membranous part of ductus bursae about length of segment VIII including apophysis anterior; signum on right side of entrance to sub-oval corpus bursae, with broad and shortly crescent-shaped base and moderately slender hook.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="molecular data">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Molecular data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
BIN: BOLD:ACL3018. The intraspecific average distance of the barcode region is 0.31%, the maximum distance 0.46% (p-dist) (n = 3). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbor,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is 3.05%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of successfully sequenced material of the C. schleichi species group. Map created with SimpleMappr (http: // www. simplemappr. net)." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403186" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species is currently only known from a small section of the Central Alps of Switzerland, Italy and Austria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="bionomics">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Bionomics.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The larva has been recorded feeding within shoots of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus sylvestris" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wulfen (Klimesch 1953;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burmann, K" journalOrPublisher="Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins Innsbruck" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="171 - 184" refId="B6" refString="Burmann, K, 1990. Beitraege zur Microlepidopteren-Fauna Tirols. XIV. Caryocolum Gregor & Povolny, 1954 (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins Innsbruck 77: 171 - 184" title="Beitraege zur Microlepidopteren-Fauna Tirols. XIV. Caryocolum Gregor & Povolny, 1954 (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)." volume="77" year="1990">Burmann 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. obs.) and moths emerged from early July to the beginning of August. The species has been recorded along steep rock-surface on siliceous soil in the montane zone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Schreber, 1791" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1791" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Lita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lita improvisella" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="improvisella">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Lita improvisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ collected at two different localities in Switzerland (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Graubünden">Graubuenden</normalizedToken>
|
||
) by Thomann, and a further incorrectly identified specimen probably of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. leucomelanella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="leucomelanella">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. leucomelanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Valais, with the genitalia figured in the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rebel, H" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift des Oesterreichischen Entomologen-Vereins, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="2 - 4" refId="B27" refString="Rebel, H, 1936. Drei neue Mikrolepidopterenarten aus der Schweiz. Zeitschrift des Oesterreichischen Entomologen-Vereins, Wien 21: 2 - 4" title="Drei neue Mikrolepidopterenarten aus der Schweiz." volume="21" year="1936">Rebel 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Klimesch (1953) figured the male genitalia of a syntype from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Remüs">Remues</normalizedToken>
|
||
, which is here designated as the lectotype in order to fix the identity. The second specimen from Landquart, 1.vii.1922, leg. Thomann, probably belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. habeleri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="habeleri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. habeleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species which has been collected nearby in the Swiss Rhine valley.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |