401 lines
43 KiB
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401 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-200-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" ModsDocID="1314-2003-200-1" checkinTime="1655292389427" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barboza, Gloria E., Garcia, Carolina Carrizo, Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem, Romero, Maria V. & Scaldaferro, Marisel" docDate="2022" docId="1A4CC9B283504173ED140BC2D2170F30" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 200: 1-423" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 200" docPubDate="2022-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" docTitle="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. umbilicatum (Vell.) Hunz. & Barboza, Kurtziana 26: 27. 1998." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" masterDocTitle="Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1655292389427" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ccarrizo@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina & Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>200</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>423</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-200-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A4CC9B283504173ED140BC2D2170F30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A4CC9B283504173ED140BC2D2170F30" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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2c.
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<taxonomicName authority="(Vell.) Hunz. & Barboza, Kurtziana 26: 27. 1998." authorityName="(Vell.) Hunz. & Barboza, Kurtziana 26: 27. 1998." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. umbilicatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="umbilicatum">Capsicum baccatum L. var. umbilicatum (Vell.) Hunz. & Barboza, Kurtziana 26: 27. 1998.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Capsicum baccatum var. umbilicatum A reproductive branch B flower C section of the calyx showing the venation D, E eglandular trichomes of the abaxial surface of the calyx F glandular trichome of the adaxial surface of the calyx G sector of opened corolla H eglandular trichome of the corolla lobes I, J anthers, in dorsal and ventral views, respectively K gynoecium with long style L gynoecium with short style M ovary trilocular, in cross section N seed O seed, in cross section P structure of seed coat at the seed margin Q structure of seed coat at the seed body R embryo. From Rodriguez s. n. (CORD 241). Drawn by N. de Flury. Published in Hunziker (1998), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695444" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 29</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Capsicum baccatum var. umbilicatum A plant B flower bud C flower, lateral view D flower short-styled E flower long-styled F flower hexamerous G flower, seen from behind H immature fruit I, J mature fruits A-I f rom Barboza 5163, photos by G. E. Barboza J from Carrizo Garcia 101, photo by C. Carrizo Garcia." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695445" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 30</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum umbilicatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbilicatum">Capsicum umbilicatum</taxonomicName>
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Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 61. 1829. Type. Brazil. [Rio de Janeiro]: "Colitur hortis" (lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/644.14" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="822 - 836" refId="B236" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Romero, MV, Vignoli-Silva, M, Giacomin, LL, Stehmann, JR, 2015. Identification and lectotypification of the Solanaceae from Vellozo's Flora Fluminensis. Taxon 64 (4): 822 - 836, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/644.14" title="Identification and lectotypification of the Solanaceae from Vellozo's Flora Fluminensis." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/644.14" volume="64" year="2015">Knapp et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 825: [illustration] Original parchment plate of Flora Fluminensis in the Manuscript Section of the Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro [cat. no.: mss1198651_010] and later published in Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. Icon. 2: t. 7. 1831).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum umbilicatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbilicatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum umbilicatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Vell.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Erect shrubs 1.50-2 m tall, with the main stem 1-1.5 cm in diameter at base, much branched from near the base, the branches spreading in a typical
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“zig-zag”">"zig-zag"</normalizedToken>
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appearance. Young stems 3-4-angled, fragile, green, mostly glabrous to sparsely pubescent with appressed-antrorse, short, simple, uniseriate, 4-5-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.3-0.6 mm long; nodes green or purple; bark of older stems green with light brown fissures, glabrous; lenticels absent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair unequal in size, similar in shape. Leaves membranous, concolorous or slightly discolorous, dark green above, light green beneath, glabrous to glabrescent adaxially and in margins with 5-6-celled eglandular trichomes and with long, spreading, 8-12-celled, eglandular trichomes along the primary veins and in the vein axils abaxially; blades of major leaves 5-14 cm long, 2.5-5 cm wide, ovate, the major veins 6-7 on each side of mid-vein, the base asymmetric and attenuate, the margins entire, the apex acute; petioles 2.5-7.5 (-9.5) cm long, sparsely pubescent; blades of minor leaves 4-4.5 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, ovate, the major veins 4-5 on each side of mid-vein, the base rounded, the apex acute; petioles 0.8-1.5 cm long, sparsely pubescent. Inflorescences axillary, 1-2 flowers per axil, rarely 3-flowered; flowering pedicels 25-35 mm long, angled, erect, geniculate at anthesis, rarely slightly curved and pendent, glabrescent, the trichomes short, antrorse; pedicels scars inconspicuous. Buds globose, white with greenish-yellow spots. Flowers 5-6-merous. Calyx 2-2.5 mm long, 3-3.8 mm wide, subequal, cup-shaped, thick, strongly 5-10-nerved, green, glabrescent to moderately pubescent with simple and some forked eglandular trichomes, the calyx appendages 5 or up to 8, 0.8-1.2 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, subequal, thick, erect, cylindrical, inserted close to the margin, with the same pubescence as calyx tube. Corolla 10-13 mm long, 12-14 mm in diameter, thick, white with greenish-yellow spots and a white centre outside and within, rotate-stellate with interpetalar membrane, lobed ⅓ or less than of the way to the base, pubescent adaxially with short glandular trichomes (stalk 1-3-celled; head globose, peltate, unicellular) in the throat and base of the lobes, glabrous abaxially, the tube 4 mm long, the lobes 5-6 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, triangular or broadly triangular, spreading, sometimes with sparse eglandular trichomes abaxially, the margins finely ciliate, the tips acute, papillate. Stamens five, equal; filaments 2.5-2.7 long, white, inserted on the corolla 1-1.2 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at point of insertion; anthers 2.5-2.7 mm long, ellipsoid, yellow, not connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary 2-2.2 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter, 3 (-4)-carpelar, light green, ovoid; ovules more than two per locule; nectary ca. 1.2 mm tall, yellowish-green; styles dimorphic, short style 1.25-1.5 mm long, not exceeding the anthers length, long style 2.5-2.8 mm long, at the same level of the anthers or slightly exserted, white, cylindrical; stigma ca. 0.2 mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm wide, discoid, yellowish-green. Berry 25-40 mm long, 30-55 mm in diameter, campanulate-umbilicate, the base truncate or obtuse, the apex rounded, blunt or pointed, light green when immature, orange-red or bright red at maturity, persistent, pungent, the pericarp thick, opaque, without giant cells (endocarp smooth); stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels 25-35 mm long, pendent, sometimes strongly curved, strongly angled, widened distally, green; fruiting calyx 10-16 mm in diameter, persistent, slightly accrescent, slightly campanulate, thick, strongly nerved, green, the appendages 1-2 mm long, spreading or slightly recurved. Seeds 30-68 per fruit, 3.5-4.2 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, C-shaped, pale yellow to yellow, the seed coat slightly reticulate (SM), minutely reticulate (SEM), the cells polygonal to irregular in shape, the lateral walls straight to wavy; embryo imbricate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. umbilicatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="umbilicatum">Capsicum baccatum var. umbilicatum</taxonomicName>
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is a cultigen and has been reported from Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina and the Caribbean Islands (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Distribution of C. baccatum var. baccatum, C. baccatum var. pendulum and C. baccatum var. umbilicatum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695442" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27</figureCitation>
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). The commercialisation of the fruits has increased enormously in different South American (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 31" refId="B209" refString="Hunziker, AT, Barboza, GE, 1998. Estudios sobre Solanaceae XLV. Sobre la presencia de Exodeconus en Argentina y una novedad en Capsicum baccatum. Kurtziana 26: 23 - 31" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae XLV. Sobre la presencia de Exodeconus en Argentina y una novedad en Capsicum baccatum." volume="26" year="1998">Hunziker and Barboza 1998</bibRefCitation>
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; Barboza, pers. obs.) and European markets (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230374706_12" author="Hazen-Hammond, S" journalOrPublisher="Voyageur Press, INC., Minnesota" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B188" refString="Hazen-Hammond, S, 1993. Chile pepper fever. Voyageur Press, INC., Minnesota, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230374706_12" title="Chile pepper fever." url="https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230374706_12" year="1993">Hazen-Hammond 1993</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. umbilicatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="umbilicatum">Capsicum baccatum var. umbilicatum</taxonomicName>
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is a cultivated plant adapted to wet and semi-shaded places.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering from October to June; fruiting from December to July.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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2
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
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= 2x = 24 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="225 - 232" refId="B310" refString="Moscone, EA, 1999. Analisis cariotipico en Capsicum baccatum var. umbilicatum (Solanaceae) mediante bandeos AgNOR y de fluorescencia. Kurtziana 27: 225 - 232" title="Analisis cariotipico en Capsicum baccatum var. umbilicatum (Solanaceae) mediante bandeos AgNOR y de fluorescencia." volume="27" year="1999">Moscone 1999</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg105" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="21 - 29" refId="B316" refString="Moscone, EA, Baranyi, M, Ebert, I, Greilhuber, J, Ehrendorfer, F, Hunziker, AT, 2003. Analysis of nuclear DNA content in Capsicum (Solanaceae) by flow cytometry and Feulgen densitometry. Annals of Botany 92: 21 - 29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg105" title="Analysis of nuclear DNA content in Capsicum (Solanaceae) by flow cytometry and Feulgen densitometry." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg105" volume="92" year="2003">Moscone et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argentina</emphasis>
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: Campanita (Salta,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza 164</emphasis>
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), Farolito, mitra (Distrito Federal,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Melchiore s.n.</emphasis>
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);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brazil</emphasis>
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: Pimiento pitonga (Rio de Janeiro,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scaldaferro 57</emphasis>
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), Pimenta-de-cheiro-amarela (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereira et al. 1830</emphasis>
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),
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chapéu-de-frade">Chapeu-de-frade</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cabeça-de-frade">Cabeca-de-frade</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chapéu-de-bispo">Chapeu-de-bispo</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pimenta-chapéu">Pimenta-chapeu</normalizedToken>
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, Pimenta-de flor, Pimenta-de-cheiro (Roraima,
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<bibRefCitation author="Barbosa, RI" journalOrPublisher="EDUA / Editora INPA (Serie Biblioteca Cientifica da Amazonia), Manaus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B29" refString="Barbosa, RI, Luz, FJF, Nascimento-Filho, HR, Maduro, CB, 2006. Pimentas de Roraima (Catalogo de Referencia). EDUA/Editora INPA (Serie Biblioteca Cientifica da Amazonia), Manaus" title="Pimentas de Roraima (Catalogo de Referencia)." year="2006">Barbosa et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo,
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<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, S" journalOrPublisher="Embrapa Hortalicas Documentos" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B75" refString="Carvalho, S, Bianchetti, L, Costa Ribeiro, S da, Lopes, CA, 2006. Pimentas do genero Capsicum no Brasil. Embrapa Hortalicas Documentos 94: 1 - 27" title="Pimentas do genero Capsicum no Brasil." volume="94" year="2006">Carvalho et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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), Pimenta-chapeu-de-padre (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bernacci 2816</emphasis>
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), Pimentao fundo de garraba (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2476468" author="Sturtevant, EL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="108 - 109" refId="B455" refString="Sturtevant, EL, 1888a. Capsicum umbilicatum. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 15 (5): 108 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2476468" title="Capsicum umbilicatum." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2476468" volume="15" year="1888 a">Sturtevant 1888a</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Jamaica and other Caribbean Islands</emphasis>
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: Jamaica hot (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miller, M" journalOrPublisher="Ten Speed Press, California" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B296" refString="Miller, M, Harrison, J, 1991. The Great Chile Book. Ten Speed Press, California" title="The Great Chile Book." year="1991">Miller and Harrison 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peru</emphasis>
|
||
: Rosasuchu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andrews, J" journalOrPublisher="The domesticated Capsicums, University of Texas Press, Austin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B17" refString="Andrews, J, 1984. Peppers. The domesticated Capsicums, University of Texas Press, Austin" title="Peppers." year="1984">Andrews 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Western Hemisphere</emphasis>
|
||
: Scallop pepper (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Halsted, BD" journalOrPublisher="USDA Technical Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B185" refString="Halsted, BD, Growth, B, Robinson, M, Owen, E, Groth, M, 1912. A study of peppers. Report of the Botanical Department of the New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station. State Gazette Publishing Co., Trenton, New Yersey, 338-359." title="A study of peppers. Report of the Botanical Department of the New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station. State Gazette Publishing Co., Trenton, New Yersey, 338 - 359." year="1912">Halsted et al. 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Rocotillo or Red squash (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andrews, J" journalOrPublisher="The domesticated Capsicums, University of Texas Press, Austin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B17" refString="Andrews, J, 1984. Peppers. The domesticated Capsicums, University of Texas Press, Austin" title="Peppers." year="1984">Andrews 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The mildly hot fruits of this cultivated variety are valued for their use in dishes with tropical fruits, sauces, Caribbean fish stews, curries and chutneys (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miller, M" journalOrPublisher="Ten Speed Press, California" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B296" refString="Miller, M, Harrison, J, 1991. The Great Chile Book. Ten Speed Press, California" title="The Great Chile Book." year="1991">Miller and Harrison 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or fresh as a condiment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andrews, J" journalOrPublisher="The domesticated Capsicums, University of Texas Press, Austin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B17" refString="Andrews, J, 1984. Peppers. The domesticated Capsicums, University of Texas Press, Austin" title="Peppers." year="1984">Andrews 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The fruiting plant is very showy and so it is also grown as an ornamental (Barboza, pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
EOO (6,070,048 km2); AOO (64 km2).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. umbilicatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="umbilicatum">Capsicum baccatum var. umbilicatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a cultigen in the Least Concern (LC) category.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. umbilicatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="umbilicatum">Capsicum baccatum var. umbilicatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the Baccatum clade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||
Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Amongst the broad morphological variation of the fruits within the domesticated
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this cultigen was described from eastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), based on its noteworthy and unusual morphotype, consisting in a campanulate-umbilicate, red or orange-red, pendent fruit (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 31" refId="B209" refString="Hunziker, AT, Barboza, GE, 1998. Estudios sobre Solanaceae XLV. Sobre la presencia de Exodeconus en Argentina y una novedad en Capsicum baccatum. Kurtziana 26: 23 - 31" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae XLV. Sobre la presencia de Exodeconus en Argentina y una novedad en Capsicum baccatum." volume="26" year="1998">Hunziker and Barboza 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the character on which the original description was based (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.745" author="Vellozo, JM da C" journalOrPublisher="Revue Generale de Botanique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B485" refString="Vellozo, JM da C, 1829. ["1825"] Florae Fluminensis. Typographia Nationali: Rio de Janeiro. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.745" title="[" 1825 "] Florae Fluminensis. Typographia Nationali: Rio de Janeiro." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.745" year="1829">Vellozo 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The campanulate-umbilicate shape refers to the fruit having an apex with an acute protrusion arising from a central depression at the middle height of the fruit (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Capsicum baccatum var. umbilicatum A reproductive branch B flower C section of the calyx showing the venation D, E eglandular trichomes of the abaxial surface of the calyx F glandular trichome of the adaxial surface of the calyx G sector of opened corolla H eglandular trichome of the corolla lobes I, J anthers, in dorsal and ventral views, respectively K gynoecium with long style L gynoecium with short style M ovary trilocular, in cross section N seed O seed, in cross section P structure of seed coat at the seed margin Q structure of seed coat at the seed body R embryo. From Rodriguez s. n. (CORD 241). Drawn by N. de Flury. Published in Hunziker (1998), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695444" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Capsicum baccatum var. umbilicatum A plant B flower bud C flower, lateral view D flower short-styled E flower long-styled F flower hexamerous G flower, seen from behind H immature fruit I, J mature fruits A-I f rom Barboza 5163, photos by G. E. Barboza J from Carrizo Garcia 101, photo by C. Carrizo Garcia." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695445" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Due to this unusual fruit shape and bright red colour, this plant has been repeatedly discussed in the chili pepper literature. After
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.745" author="Vellozo, JM da C" journalOrPublisher="Revue Generale de Botanique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B485" refString="Vellozo, JM da C, 1829. ["1825"] Florae Fluminensis. Typographia Nationali: Rio de Janeiro. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.745" title="[" 1825 "] Florae Fluminensis. Typographia Nationali: Rio de Janeiro." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.745" year="1829">Vellozo (1829)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 231" refId="B435" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae et Cestrineae. Flora Brasiliensis 10 (1): 1 - 231" title="Solanaceae et Cestrineae." volume="10" year="1846">Sendtner (1846)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. umbilicatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="umbilicatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. umbilicatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum subsp. var. var. grossum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="annuum" subSpecies="var." variety="grossum">C. annuum var. grossum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Then
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2992137" author="Irish, HC" journalOrPublisher="Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="53 - 110" refId="B215" refString="Irish, HC, 1898. Revision of the genus Capsicum with special reference to garden varieties. Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden 9: 53 - 110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2992137" title="Revision of the genus Capsicum with special reference to garden varieties." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2992137" volume="9" year="1898">Irish (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
submerged it under the 'Red
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wrinkled’">Wrinkled'</normalizedToken>
|
||
cultivar of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annuum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. annuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other authors illustrated and named this taxon as "Scallop pepper" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Halsted, BD" journalOrPublisher="USDA Technical Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B185" refString="Halsted, BD, Growth, B, Robinson, M, Owen, E, Groth, M, 1912. A study of peppers. Report of the Botanical Department of the New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station. State Gazette Publishing Co., Trenton, New Yersey, 338-359." title="A study of peppers. Report of the Botanical Department of the New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station. State Gazette Publishing Co., Trenton, New Yersey, 338 - 359." year="1912">Halsted et al. 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Lam. 19, fig. 2) or as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. chinense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chinense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. chinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cv.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘rocotillo’">'rocotillo'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andrews, J" journalOrPublisher="The domesticated Capsicums, University of Texas Press, Austin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B17" refString="Andrews, J, 1984. Peppers. The domesticated Capsicums, University of Texas Press, Austin" title="Peppers." year="1984">Andrews 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 31), respectively. It was
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2476468" author="Sturtevant, EL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="108 - 109" refId="B455" refString="Sturtevant, EL, 1888a. Capsicum umbilicatum. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 15 (5): 108 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2476468" title="Capsicum umbilicatum." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2476468" volume="15" year="1888 a">Sturtevant (1888a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who provided a detailed description for this cultigen, based on plants obtained from seeds from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and stated that it was "an extremely well marked variety". Hunziker and Barboza also grew plants of this cultivar from seeds from Paraguay and observed that the flowers were identical to the Andean domesticated
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 31" refId="B209" refString="Hunziker, AT, Barboza, GE, 1998. Estudios sobre Solanaceae XLV. Sobre la presencia de Exodeconus en Argentina y una novedad en Capsicum baccatum. Kurtziana 26: 23 - 31" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae XLV. Sobre la presencia de Exodeconus en Argentina y una novedad en Capsicum baccatum." volume="26" year="1998">Hunziker and Barboza (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered that the fruit shape was a particular variant within this taxon and proposed the name
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. umbilicatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="umbilicatum">C. baccatum var. umbilicatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition to the shape of the fruits, the typical giant cells of the pericarp, a derived character present in most of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||
Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are missing in this cultivar. In addition, the presence of sclereids in the epicarp and endocarp distinguish this variety from the wild and other domesticated
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 31" refId="B209" refString="Hunziker, AT, Barboza, GE, 1998. Estudios sobre Solanaceae XLV. Sobre la presencia de Exodeconus en Argentina y una novedad en Capsicum baccatum. Kurtziana 26: 23 - 31" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae XLV. Sobre la presencia de Exodeconus en Argentina y una novedad en Capsicum baccatum." volume="26" year="1998">Hunziker and Barboza 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and see Suppl. material 1: Appendix 1). Although molecular studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-13-68" author="Albrecht, E" journalOrPublisher="Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B7" refString="Albrecht, E, Zhang, D, Mays, AD, Saftner, RA, Stommel, JR, 2012b. Genetic diversity in Capsicum baccatum is significantly influenced by its ecogeographical distribution. BMC Genetics 13: e68. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-13-68" title="Genetic diversity in Capsicum baccatum is significantly influenced by its ecogeographical distribution. BMC Genetics 13: e 68." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-13-68" year="2012 b">Albrecht et al. 2012b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||
Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Scaldaferro et al. 2019) demonstrated the close affinities between domesticated lines of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum baccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they were not sufficiently conclusive to support combining the domesticated varieties into one entity. Therefore, for those individuals that fit this distinctive and unusual fruit morphology and anatomy, we prefer to maintain the name
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. umbilicatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="umbilicatum">C. baccatum var. umbilicatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695444" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 29" startId="F29">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 29.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. umbilicatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="umbilicatum">Capsicum baccatum var. umbilicatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
reproductive branch
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
flower
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
section of the calyx showing the venation
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
eglandular trichomes of the abaxial surface of the calyx
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
glandular trichome of the adaxial surface of the calyx
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
sector of opened corolla
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
eglandular trichome of the corolla lobes
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I, J</emphasis>
|
||
anthers, in dorsal and ventral views, respectively
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||
gynoecium with long style
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||
gynoecium with short style
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
||
ovary trilocular, in cross section
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||
seed
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
|
||
seed, in cross section
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
|
||
structure of seed coat at the seed margin
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Q</emphasis>
|
||
structure of seed coat at the seed body
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R</emphasis>
|
||
embryo. From
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
|
||
s.n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(CORD 241). Drawn by N. de Flury. Published in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="201 - 203" refId="B206" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1998. Estudios sobre Solanaceae. XLVI. Los ajies silvestres de Argentina (Capsicum). Darwiniana 36: 201 - 203" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae. XLVI. Los ajies silvestres de Argentina (Capsicum)." volume="36" year="1998">Hunziker (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, reproduced with permission.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695445" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 30" startId="F30">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 30.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. umbilicatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="umbilicatum">Capsicum baccatum var. umbilicatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
plant
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
flower bud
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
flower, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
flower short-styled
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
flower long-styled
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
flower hexamerous
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
flower, seen from behind
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
immature fruit
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I, J</emphasis>
|
||
mature fruits
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-I f</emphasis>
|
||
rom
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza 5163</emphasis>
|
||
, photos by G.E. Barboza
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
101
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, photo by C. Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |