338 lines
43 KiB
XML
338 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.112476" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-2-317" ID-Pensoft-UUID="73FC5B652BFB5F618B4CC37B2E32EE5D" ID-ZooBank="2D3CA9C524E24EF484BF174362F70EBC" ModsDocID="2535-0730-7-2-317" checkinTime="1702117233076" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Arteaga, Alejandro & Harris, Kyle J." docDate="2023" docId="A266B6BCEBE956888A7971C0D4AC0254" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 7(2): 317-334" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 7 (2)" docPubDate="2023-12-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.112476" docTitle="Ninia schmidti Arteaga & Harris 2023, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="73FC5B652BFB5F618B4CC37B2E32EE5D" lastPageNumber="317" masterDocId="73FC5B652BFB5F618B4CC37B2E32EE5D" masterDocTitle="A new species of Ninia (Serpentes, Colubridae) from western Ecuador and revalidation of N. schmidti" masterLastPageNumber="334" masterPageNumber="317" pageNumber="317" updateTime="1702117534115" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D8718BCD939AF1B5A034B27420F6A32A">A new species of Ninia (Serpentes, Colubridae) from western Ecuador and revalidation of N. schmidti</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="350AC56EBAA423114426D29C14D302D2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="49E40541D303D364564BF28EC020D89E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="45D806C0965766C6216FC69C8AA1BE51">Arteaga, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7881FC9099ED2299E1CA110D959B7F0F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0014-3728</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D08A533F15E055A725F20592E53ADEB1">Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador & Tropical Herping S. A., Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8398ADFE0938074064A603EE4BF48732" type="email">af.arteaga.navarro@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2612D46751F502E648BD8FD72EFB3C08">Harris, Kyle J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="325C502D1057B6F04A4802C668DB747E">Department of Biology, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D7FCACF169003221174121C8562F69D9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A648523D36C2815770E083F442054612">Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BA932F458BA27EC7D72C4CDF577DDF88">
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<mods:date id="62D0526A53EDCE0148056C6F09B49641">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="74BFB7C4BA16D47B89DBE2537A61009E">2023-12-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ABF1DD8C8ED647D2940AD44EF57F5716">7</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6E6B64E1B317B5A733C211F9F5F6DD68">2</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="3B43D242B0A13A8473268082F76C744E">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.112476</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="73A48355E30A0AFE59BF19C75F65084C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="67E29C0683E8FB11AF0A5055D17DE315" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.112476</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="6205808072ABB761DBFD1549638E24F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="results">
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<treatment id="A266B6BCEBE956888A7971C0D4AC0254" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A266B6BCEBE956888A7971C0D4AC0254" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A266B6BCEBE956888A7971C0D4AC0254" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<subSubSection id="48EF9316276BDFD42F7A065BB57AC7F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="134D0109906D47ED736E8080341E3BEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<taxonomicName id="D33007A3B9F295B74B6A123183954309" LSID="A266B6BC-EBE9-5688-8A79-71C0D4AC0254" authority="(Jan, 1862)" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti" status="comb. nov.">Ninia schmidti (Jan, 1862)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="569A2D0BB0406B7937D46E598B0007C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2742A4F73079FFADE543D6CB6C07B458" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1D75C1221CA264E47DD39D97C61BEB1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<figureCitation id="C672112853A950B52E27C784AED6EE37" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (b) N. schmidti comb. nov. TH 503." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948886" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Figs 4b</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E9A7730C1C5095C45BDE43B4EC58AEDE" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal and lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a, b) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (c, d) N. guytudori sp. nov. SC 005; (e, f) N. schmidti comb. nov. SC 095; (g, h) N. schmidti comb. nov. SCA 1374." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948887" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">, 5e-h</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C6923A5223A23C5C83E663F9A1AF4190" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lateral views of some specimens of Ninia from western Ecuador in life: (a) N. schmidti comb. nov. SCA 1446 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (b) Ninia guytudori sp. nov. from Santa Lucia Cloud Forest Reserve, Pichincha province. Photos by Jose Vieira." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948889" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">, 7a</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="EB390A60ED4B4E2F738D275A23D9593B" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal views of some specimens of Ninia from western Ecuador in life: (a) N. schmidti comb. nov. SCA 1446 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (b) Ninia guytudori sp. nov. from Santa Lucia Cloud Forest Reserve, Pichincha province. Photos by Jose Vieira." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948890" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">, 8a</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8DC8EA75166845D29ED39489DA120E30" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Adult female neotype of Ninia schmidti comb. nov. ZMH R 10390 in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view. Photos by Jakob Hallermann." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948891" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">, 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="7E5FC4CC429D2BCB4878C2E8A68E5572" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsolateral views of some specimens of Ninia schmidti comb. nov. in life: (a) SCA 1446 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (b) TH- 503 from Via a Tembele, Bolivar province." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948892" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">, 10</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="168D914C5D7CA7FE1E711EF60C44399C" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Ventral views of some specimens of Ninia schmidti comb. nov. in life: (a) SCA 1374 B from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (b) SCA- 1374 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948893" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">, 11</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="9B3EC897A1998D7CF33A422AEFD75B9B" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Hemipenial architecture of Ninia schmidti comb. nov. in sulcate, lateral, and asulcate views: (a) SCA 1374 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (b) SCA 1446 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948894" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">, 12</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8743C493D9FF492F11C80255C8EF07C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1DC783AB7DEC85ECE709F115B8857A1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<taxonomicName id="754FDC7799FD4AE8613A5FF73FEDC27E" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Arteaga & Harris" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Streptophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streptophorus sebae subsp. schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sebae" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="schmidti">Streptophorus sebae schmidti</taxonomicName>
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Jan, 1862: 27. Holotype ZMH (destroyed), from Guayaquil.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0081177A93B0FBFE8443B792AEADE56C" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<taxonomicName id="DC491642338F3FA971DD3E2CD49B5CCA" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Arteaga & Harris" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia spilogaster" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spilogaster" status="comb. nov.">Ninia spilogaster</taxonomicName>
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Peters, 1881: 49. Holotype ZMB (not located), from Ecuador.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3F8BB9F16AE49097AC444C407B61867B" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="neotype">
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<paragraph id="35F40E54F60D6015881359B204D38FAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Neotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E60E2B1E787009669985FA2938F60682" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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ZMH R10390 (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="DE4A47E3ABCE5C840522E4E5D78C3760" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Adult female neotype of Ninia schmidti comb. nov. ZMH R 10390 in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view. Photos by Jakob Hallermann." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948891" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">9</figureCitation>
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), adult female collected by Bi. Jansen between 1901 and 1902 at Guayaquil, Guayas province, Ecuador.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="9A2807946C07722B6A9F5988BBAF4634" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948891" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
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<paragraph id="1373B3418A1559A8BE248151FACE51E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="D486803AE6D6E44E87E90990753BD0E9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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Adult female neotype of
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<taxonomicName id="9BB0B76B075CD9E47775FEDA81A57236" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
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<emphasis id="476328BAFCB168A49E2D67BB4F757401" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia schmidti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comb. nov. ZMH R10390 in (
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<emphasis id="50044E095C92FD3F75CB3C2D8AA8A768" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">a</emphasis>
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) dorsal and (
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<emphasis id="900A5CDB02D034D84BEB9AABFF968FB9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">b</emphasis>
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) ventral view. Photos by Jakob Hallermann.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5A33848415C235AFFC5A36910179CBBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="proposed standard english name">
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<paragraph id="E527E247D8FE3C16AF8DAA260835EB73" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Proposed standard English name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="42F8920C002434F61299463ECA1072AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<normalizedToken id="B71EAE780D2C0EE83EF4A5DDB011C514" originalValue="Schmidt’s">Schmidt's</normalizedToken>
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Coffee-Snake.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8F718B3F81F7D71587DAA240E752988E" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="proposed standard spanish name">
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<paragraph id="C445B28DB032E413854CFB7889AC97AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Proposed standard Spanish name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BC26DC85D3E5685FE1518F0647903A30" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Culebra cafetera de Schmidt.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="371E2D81191E9BE86BF08DBB9B287BE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E3D7BB54482ED75037AD05AFE398D202" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8A90959DA5D2EBD1628D217A36A2E71F" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<taxonomicName id="2F04883FD0656F9C292745EA0ACD8A2A" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
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<emphasis id="77EF61D1570A0E3C04EB693B3FFB5FBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia schmidti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comb. nov. is placed in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="0D7EBAC49D3577DC05CB963E0500CA9B" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A124585AD8C1E96386DF3C7C3B2D3F30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as diagnosed by
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<bibRefCitation id="D5795647E0DF23633C9BE68DD95D382E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.21.1.9" author="Dunn, ER" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" pagination="9 - 12" refId="B24" refString="Dunn, ER, 1935. The snakes of the genus Ninia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 21: 9 - 12, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.21.1.9" title="The snakes of the genus Ninia." url="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.21.1.9" volume="21" year="1935">Dunn (1935)</bibRefCitation>
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, based on phylogenetic evidence (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="3CE55151852143E25C585ADFA865E54E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships within Ninia inferred using a Bayesian inference and derived from analysis of DNA gene fragments 16 S, CYTB, ND 4, and RAG 1. Support values on intra-specific branches are not shown for clarity. Voucher numbers for sequences are indicated for each terminal. Black dots indicate clades with posterior probability values from 95 - 100 %. Grey dots indicate values from 70 - 94 %. White dots indicate values from 50 - 69 % (values <50 % not shown). Colored clades correspond to the species' distribution presented in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948883" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">1</figureCitation>
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). The species is diagnosed based on the following combination of characters: (1) 19/19/19 keeled dorsals; (2) two postoculars; (3) loreal 1.4-2.3
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<normalizedToken id="A245D91A7FB72445D8E6A8590FA70F64" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than high; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting orbit; (6) seven or eight infralabials, first four or five contacting chin shields; (7) usually two rows of chin shields; (8) one or two preventrals; (9) 138-144 ventrals in males, 139-155 in females; (10) 50-57 subcaudals in males, 46-53 in females; (11) dorsal ground color uniformly black without a white nuchal collar (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="DF4640C9794FF89DDAD7A40B61B4BE5B" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsolateral views of some specimens of Ninia schmidti comb. nov. in life: (a) SCA 1446 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (b) TH- 503 from Via a Tembele, Bolivar province." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948892" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">10</figureCitation>
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); (12) ventral surfaces of adults obscured with dark pigment particularly along the posterior edge of each ventral scale (Figs
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<figureCitation id="A484A55573151AB8450E61208DC6D8F1" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Adult female neotype of Ninia schmidti comb. nov. ZMH R 10390 in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view. Photos by Jakob Hallermann." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948891" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">9b</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="012D1237B4147BD71CEDF0F0637B5FD0" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Ventral views of some specimens of Ninia schmidti comb. nov. in life: (a) SCA 1374 B from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (b) SCA- 1374 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948893" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">11a</figureCitation>
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), immaculate white in some juveniles (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="5A339433BBE7CEC2CC2593434EF2094B" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Ventral views of some specimens of Ninia schmidti comb. nov. in life: (a) SCA 1374 B from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (b) SCA- 1374 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948893" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">11b</figureCitation>
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); (13) 167-283 mm SVL in males, 230-409 mm in females; (14) 42-61 mm CL in males, 53-84 mm in females.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="EB605A9DBA6B803C0025604C8124AD20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948892" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
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<paragraph id="F98E5CD4721E3CDBCCF05D331E985197" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="B47826FFC060B4A7150EE8734EA3A50F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Figure 10.</emphasis>
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Dorsolateral views of some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D9FACC816E33A811F9D83DC45E09B86" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="54463B21CB6673A63CB380C78DBE168E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. in life: (
|
||
<emphasis id="49E8E030686D9F6F87037B3A27D73F71" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">a</emphasis>
|
||
) SCA 1446 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (
|
||
<emphasis id="51756F7B43E2CF472D857B210211C76C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">b</emphasis>
|
||
) TH-503 from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="21A5DD3FE2F7FAB9423E6113D9B0CE0F" originalValue="Vía">Via</normalizedToken>
|
||
a
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0E1D2FB0C01376D3E9FB1B3D711D94FB" originalValue="Tembelé">Tembele</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A42ED947E87F0F398466872286B404F6" originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
|
||
province.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="43AA1F9C97E31D9128D376721B753A82" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948893" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph id="200BCFD58C01BE0D7D76C624992CF1D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="49CD5BBB633685DF4EA9A88D1DFC1903" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral views of some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C99A624F092B2B0324159350AEF493AD" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D52FB43CA86169505A354C35EC7A699" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. in life: (
|
||
<emphasis id="5E5EE58C768F58642D869FDC36846B71" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">a</emphasis>
|
||
) SCA 1374B from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (
|
||
<emphasis id="C44977392E299A5D187846A52FE7033F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">b</emphasis>
|
||
) SCA-1374 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="54FAC18C7A491E086E7F62AB5E1A4C1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph id="4FE95BF9246B98DF0BF689EDCA07858F" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FE405B68F03D112408877891CD750D67" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CEAC10A39E63D17D6CD50FF94C83E7D1" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3720DD50686EDFE5152994C33072BE3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. is compared to other species of the genus previously subsumed under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C367EA16DF059426DD89D85B8763D482" lsidName="N. atrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEF81BA72AC93C43E332EB8024C3ABAE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="0E1DC74C77DA241F5EFD1A7F4B0807B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
(differences summarized in Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="E21FF626D271FF20A3E032CAAE9C63E9" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Differences in coloration, scale counts, and size between snakes of the genus Ninia inhabiting western Ecuador. The range of each continuous variable is from our own sample, Angarita-Sierra and Lynch (2017), and Angarita-Sierra (2018). The numbers in parentheses represent the sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/14914A24F65C1A64FC62E09B641BAAC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" tableUuid="14914A24F65C1A64FC62E09B641BAAC9">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The new species differs from most of them (particularly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE6947DE666A55AE30691707870B08CE" lsidName="N. guytudori" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEA6909BD293F60CB4C2BBB6051D1D8E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. guytudori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.) by having ventral surfaces obscured by dark brown pigment particularly along the posterior edge of each ventral scale (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCC8DA2B2A4F61DC603F60A78F4E72D3" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Adult female neotype of Ninia schmidti comb. nov. ZMH R 10390 in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view. Photos by Jakob Hallermann." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948891" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">9b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A6065BB326B56B784231A1CC07C6D382" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Ventral views of some specimens of Ninia schmidti comb. nov. in life: (a) SCA 1374 B from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (b) SCA- 1374 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948893" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">11a</figureCitation>
|
||
), throat and chin shields obscured by dark brown pigment (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="05511FE20D876F35DF6F9F93BF8BA43D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal and lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a, b) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (c, d) N. guytudori sp. nov. SC 005; (e, f) N. schmidti comb. nov. SC 095; (g, h) N. schmidti comb. nov. SCA 1374." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948887" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">5f, h</figureCitation>
|
||
), supralabials partly or entirely black or dark gray (dingy white in ZMH R10390), and white nuchal collar in adults absent (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCA71CFB993FB799888292F9009A426" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (b) N. schmidti comb. nov. TH 503." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948886" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">4a</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="616D1942F771263521F999374527D5C4" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal and lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a, b) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (c, d) N. guytudori sp. nov. SC 005; (e, f) N. schmidti comb. nov. SC 095; (g, h) N. schmidti comb. nov. SCA 1374." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948887" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">5e, g</figureCitation>
|
||
) or faint and obscured by dark pigment (ZMH R10390). This species resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10728EE0AEA8CE848BD8F4B6B3684636" lsidName="N. teresitae" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="teresitae">
|
||
<emphasis id="E026412E4302630F31AE75DD4563BEF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. teresitae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it differs by having a lower number of subcaudals and by lacking a pocket-like structure at the base of the hemipenial body (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="4909AF4173F4112324BF7F3A88B48D37" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Differences in coloration, scale counts, and size between snakes of the genus Ninia inhabiting western Ecuador. The range of each continuous variable is from our own sample, Angarita-Sierra and Lynch (2017), and Angarita-Sierra (2018). The numbers in parentheses represent the sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/14914A24F65C1A64FC62E09B641BAAC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" tableUuid="14914A24F65C1A64FC62E09B641BAAC9">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The cis-Andean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="438C0E58EDA357B7703D6A84CE610E02" lsidName="N. hudsoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="hudsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE0BCC720378F6D911A277A44A236ED3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. hudsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an immaculate white belly and dorsal scales arranged in 21 or 23 rows at mid-body (Suppl. material 1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40879F6150FEB21678542DA4CA9B0FF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.15560/17.3.729" author="Camper, JD" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" pagination="729 - 751" refId="B17" refString="Camper, JD, Torres-Carvajal, O, Ron, SR, Nilsson, J, Arteaga, A, Knowles, TW, Arbogast, BS, 2021. Amphibians and reptiles of Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary, Napo Province, Ecuador. Check List 17: 729 - 751, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15560/17.3.729" title="Amphibians and reptiles of Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary, Napo Province, Ecuador." url="https://doi.org/10.15560/17.3.729" volume="17" year="2021">Camper et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C06AD98B34F99A371FED4B34CEFFE251" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="278C7100389A3B8FB34BEE83DB50B0CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. differs from trans-Andean populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7EE7FA7794062D16BA00C52EFAA2554" lsidName="N. atrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9B87A36C76F7E1A22B22D223A2736ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking a nuchal collar in adults, ventral surface of tail obscured by dark gray pigment (instead of uniformly cream;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF74A45BC46EADED42337B6ACD8C1598" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.2" author="Angarita-Sierra, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" pagination="478 - 492" refId="B4" refString="Angarita-Sierra, T, Lynch, JD, 2017. A new species of Ninia (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Chocó-Magdalena biogeographical province, western Colombia. Zootaxa 4244: 478 - 492, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.2" title="A new species of Ninia (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Choco ́ - Magdalena biogeographical province, western Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.2" volume="4244" year="2017">Angarita-Sierra and Lynch 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), nasal divided, and by having the sulcate surface of the hemipenial body ornamented with a large basal hooked spine (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEF5B6DB535C297582A5924E1CF1E09" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Hemipenial architecture of Ninia schmidti comb. nov. in sulcate, lateral, and asulcate views: (a) SCA 1374 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (b) SCA 1446 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948894" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="79F5A4E9A90EF0A021BA92F8A45805C5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948894" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF18DEF8AF1CAFEA0E4F04074EEB21CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="9E5299D5A3FAAE37611E5C9DF001648D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Hemipenial architecture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3F97CB9793948E62A97A0015FA3B97E" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="24174CEBD784A03DFB58A9DF371B41B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. in sulcate, lateral, and asulcate views: (
|
||
<emphasis id="BBE6D3F4D4087D2F1234C217F9781DE7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">a</emphasis>
|
||
) SCA 1374 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B1DA2C3B1716ABBAC599FAB21CCA2338" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">b</emphasis>
|
||
) SCA 1446 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7ACF493A5182A52915E134F99757D7E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="hemipenial morphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6A50D9D969B93932BD80D006F1FF4D00" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Hemipenial morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="040FCD6BEBBE503AA3FCB12D4794FB4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
(n = 2; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8560EA93493B117A9F7511A92C4413" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Hemipenial architecture of Ninia schmidti comb. nov. in sulcate, lateral, and asulcate views: (a) SCA 1374 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (b) SCA 1446 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948894" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">12</figureCitation>
|
||
) Everted and inflated, the organ is cylindrical, weakly bilobed, semicalyculate and capitate. Sulcus spermaticus centrifugal, bifurcate and with walls strongly defined, bifurcation occurs proximal to the midpoint of the hemipenial body; sulcus spermaticus branch runs to lobe tips; capitation crotch located just above the bifurcation point of sulcus spermaticus (sulcate side). Region between capitation groove and lobe tips as well as entire intrasulcar region of the globular lobes homogenously ornamented with small calyces and densely packed spines. In sulcate view, base of hemipenial body surface with minute mesial spinules, but otherwise lacking medium-sized hooks. In lateral and asulcate views, base of hemipenial body covered with 2-5 rows of medium-sized hooked-shaped spines arranged in an inverted
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AB3921D36EE629644F356169015C9862" originalValue="“V”">"V"</normalizedToken>
|
||
pattern and one large basal hook larger than any other spine on the hemipenial body; hooks replaced below by minute spicules towards the base of the organ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9455B32838D657E9B3B4FE9389323335" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE6B7AE1B921C0B012DA999691511731" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Description of neotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="89D1419D31A95928AA22F3C8FE6C0964" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
Adult female, 283 mm TL; 53 mm CL; 230 mm SVL; CL/SVL ratio 0.23; head distinct from body; HL 12.5 mm; HW 7.4 mm; rostral wider than high; internasals wider than long (1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C3AD90B4F16356D47A4AAD56B265FA05" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.9 mm); internasal suture 0.9 mm; prefrontals longer than internasals, as wide as long (2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ECBEB0D408221795F53AF6CC7184B6F0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.3 mm; suture 2.1 mm); frontal shield-shaped and wider than long (2.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0B8165CA26E2C140EF2134F82BA67ACF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.6 mm); parietals longer than wide (4.0
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DE81C833E2FF2BD1CB7352CE06CAEC11" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.5 mm); interparietal suture 2.4 mm; supraoculars 1/1, each longer than wide (1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="522E6F9F5AEACFFE2BD016E3FC79ABC1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.9 mm), entering orbit and contacting postocular; nasal scales 2/2 where anterior nasal scale contacts internasal, rostral, first supralabial, and posterior nasal in contact with loreal, prefrontal, internasal, first and second supralabials; loreal single, longer than high (1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9BC2C8986F3714E6F405203B33B1F2F8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2 mm), entering orbit and in contact with 2nd and 3rd supralabials; postoculars 2/2; temporal formulae 1+1, anterior temporal scale 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D965959B98B3A541DACCF212F22EC646" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than posterior temporal; anterior temporal in contact with 4th to 7th supralabials; supralabials 7, 3rd-4th entering orbit, 5th in contact with postocular; infralabials 8, 1st-5th in contact with one pair of chin shields; dorsal scales in 19 rows, keeled, strongly striated, lacking apical pits; ventrals 144; divided subcaudals 46; cloacal plate undivided.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F7B016D5D8303D6314EC81DCFD4C8F58" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="3F0106DCC65A438A26CC83F789AF1424" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B4D6C15E4DD4FE0311DAC02A00D61718" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3940A4085215BDFA1F38449A533517F" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="694EC38BCCBD6D663D413640EFD79341" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. have been found active at night on leaf-litter in old-growth to heavily disturbed evergreen lowland forest and seasonally dry forests. Regdy Vera (pers. comm. to AA) reports that in
|
||
<normalizedToken id="37C602146A29C6782EE494C0347EBD78" originalValue="Manabí">Manabi</normalizedToken>
|
||
province, this species is common under leaf-litter in humid soil and under fallen trunks, particularly in cacao plantations. In captivity, SC 095 consumed earthworms and leeches, but rejected slugs and land flatworms of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3EBE14376CB3DA5C7193816260DBD54" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" class="Mammalia" family="Geoplanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Geoplanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This specimen laid a clutch of two eggs. Field observations by Vera suggest that this species does not tolerate dry, open areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92B81EDD33F86010E7446513CCAFE46F" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E67DC439D96825B427747DD2B5269A9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0BA4252EB869147BB98A5061B4344C2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19D4CA9239795208AD62865842E08ED3" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="029E801BA72BA7CB854E286AAFC48B52" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. is endemic to an estimated area of 42,281 km2 along the Chocoan-Tumbesian transition area in western Ecuador. The species is known from 8 localities (listed in Suppl. material 3) and has been recorded at elevations 46-1843 m above sea level (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AE34DE3A782BE900EB8AA5282E28BAF2" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution of species of Ninia in western Ecuador. Black symbols represent type localities. Each colored area is a geographic representation of the suitable environmental conditions for one of the clades recovered in the phylogeny of Fig. 1." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948884" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2EE9737CC1CC8E4F523259648A24F46E" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C8E55372EC21FA29E1D6805D8B1E093" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="547935F9C106C88CB528985F0FCDB264" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77F0C34377E44F4ECC368F4D389E7DB2" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8298775D9E559AAE8BC1D203EE5D8662" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a patronym honoring Philipp Moses Paul Frederich Schmidt (1800-1869/1873), a physician in Hamburg best known for his work on sea snakes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F39F3D5F7637ADBADEC533F9A3D3782A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1353/book.1869" author="Beolens, B" journalOrPublisher="Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" refId="B12" refString="Beolens, B, Watkins, M, Grayson, M, 2011. The eponym dictionary of reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/book.1869" title="The eponym dictionary of reptiles." url="https://doi.org/10.1353/book.1869" year="2011">Beolens et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C492D267AF90556B49DA2C34759E69B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="AC42385D8EA5DDBA13672243FFA5E36B" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA11E192BA73F745459AE6CAF5D02447" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
We consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="080A661663DD7628AEED902F34B1ED70" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="E43CB4B6B151FC0615F24DAFB938130E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. to be included in the Near Threatened conservation category following the IUCN criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C1C030FB63AF657306DC52249433C11" author="Ingrasci, MJ" journalOrPublisher="MSc Thesis, University of Texas at Arlington" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" refId="B33" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition.IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland and Cambridge, 32 pp." year="2011">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) because the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C664BEB137B9D635F59D263CDB4EEC95" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
extent of occurrence is estimated to be greater than the 20,000 km2 threshold needed to qualify for the Vulnerable category. Unfortunately, out of the eight localities where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F60415291D8750BE89E90ACB61D58F53" lsidName="N. schmidti" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="47FB7EFDB289644C571DE143BDA81C06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. is known to occur, two represent historical populations and five are of singleton individuals. The species occurs as fragmented populations and occurs over an area where most (~80%) of the forest cover has been transformed into plantations and human settlements (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0048B91A546730FE9D6F564F019F17FE" author="Lanfear, R" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" refId="B37" refString="MAE (2012) Línea base de deforestación del Ecuador continental.Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Quito, 30 pp." year="2016">MAE 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E275A1FD33728CA15007FD8159D3C29" lsidName="N. schmidti" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FA96625F97AD18612A756778F7BC192" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. may qualify for a threatened category soon if its habitat continues to be destroyed. Fortunately, the species occurs in one protected area: Buenaventura Reserve.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |