plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/85/2D/FE/852DFE31096BFFA950489E7ED3266802.xml
maintenance a6fc63282e added 85
2024-06-21 12:42:32 +02:00

357 lines
56 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="DE99F74CF9A1C5DC5CA8199C76666E3C" ID-CLB-Dataset="30369" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.420" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f7e1e710-872d-443b-9322-dc2b2be76cbe" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1210447" ID-ZooBank="F8E6FEEF-FC7A-4B40-AEEE-95DBC7BC61A4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1522507443564" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Taverne, Louis &amp; Capasso, Luigi" docDate="2018" docId="852DFE31096BFFA950489E7ED3266802" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-420_taverne_capasso.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 420" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Sigmapycnodus giganteus Taverne &amp; Capasso 2018, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="3ED26D58-2200-4F11-A9C2-FD6046E3ADA1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="791486490965FFBE52689D78D6516C0F" masterDocTitle="Osteology and relationships of Libanopycnodus wenzi gen. et sp. nov. and Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov. (Pycnodontiformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Lebanon" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698534461370" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="2B431B9BAE71338645D585FE9C82F88C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="48983BD5E0BF90232CBB0A7F201370BD">
<mods:title id="1E534AD38560765D9EB9F9C16AC1442D">Osteology and relationships of Libanopycnodus wenzi gen. et sp. nov. and Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov. (Pycnodontiformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Lebanon</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="26B0A09674F58405F5EE45A4076A9D8E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="54A76F0B61C2F5F5D67CE95A78F44B73">
<mods:roleTerm id="F8778CD693CA0249FC3214C34DE9F30C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1C88560F2A7478B50B75B4F1A9A69FE8">Taverne, Louis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3031BD069032B4D3E762B42EFD4249C0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="58F3078421E0BAA9867E91F4138639B3">
<mods:roleTerm id="6E1E1F15C8D969D55E7EC1AAE48D506E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="760BCD4F6BF9100F46E6951BDEE60F26">Capasso, Luigi</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7749B72FA90547F6219755EF7557ED68">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="93796CE93D3FFD5EAF9297A1C995F616" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="ACB96DDEE107A482B76EB9C73D88DE28">
<mods:title id="49C0928B1FE22DDF0A5F08908E07C7F7">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="082AE891E345049D03C8E7D8DB0EAE2F">
<mods:date id="AF87AF4CFBF271BED6AAFB3EAAD701B8">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E32ACD80F2D5127E5B784C0B866E5E21" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="83D6CB18CFA3ACA5181703E747975868">2018-03-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="0DB513FF50AE8FA6EB1B719C911F542B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A24A0B9144AADDD91A84B36E33F8FB9A">420</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="F93C422B54678D23858890C974B76EAE" unit="page">
<mods:start id="2634F0D18FA7AADD6035C3403E457E91">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="FD26B9007D9872D12EF22D2C4FF45229">29</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="E1BB891146AA1595AF30425E5E31A131">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F9C46FD2CABB9EA4F9C535B4EE934B69" type="CLB-Dataset">30369</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0DE01C341BC946F372D4548770FB71AC" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2018.420</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DEB9C02DE2B5A4F20A2F5740B8FF5F01" type="GBIF-Dataset">f7e1e710-872d-443b-9322-dc2b2be76cbe</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="58891038A8C69722E69B548883E37FFD" type="Zenodo-Dep">1210447</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D9D22311DDE57AC2D56172E428CD5EFF" type="ZooBank">F8E6FEEF-FC7A-4B40-AEEE-95DBC7BC61A4</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="852DFE31096BFFA950489E7ED3266802" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5979277" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142713252" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5979277" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3ED26D58-2200-4F11-A9C2-FD6046E3ADA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/852DFE31096BFFA950489E7ED3266802" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="459E1CAC096BFFB050489E7ED2996F4A" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096BFFB050489E7ED2426F2E" blockId="14.[363,1224,774,873]" box="[544,1043,774,801]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="5673F84B096BFFB050489E7ED2426F2E" box="[544,1043,774,801]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="CA8434A4096BFFB050489E7ED50D6F2F" authority="Taverne &amp; Capasso, 2018" authorityName="Taverne &amp; Capasso" authorityYear="2018" box="[544,860,774,801]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Sigmapycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FF09335096BFFB050489E7ED50D6F2F" bold="true" box="[544,860,774,801]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sigmapycnodus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24C32E4E096BFFB0510B9E7FD2426F2E" box="[867,1043,775,801]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096BFFB053039E52D2996F4A" blockId="14.[363,1224,774,873]" box="[363,1224,810,837]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3ED26D58-2200-4F11-A9C2-FD6046E3ADA1</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="459E1CAC096BFFB050B09E37D50A6F66" box="[728,859,847,873]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096BFFB050B09E37D50A6F66" blockId="14.[363,1224,774,873]" box="[728,859,847,873]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<figureCitation id="95BF53A2096BFFB050B09E37D50A6F66" box="[728,859,847,873]" captionStart-0="Fig. 12" captionStart-1="Fig. 13" captionStart-10="Fig. 22" captionStart-2="Fig. 14" captionStart-3="Fig. 15" captionStart-4="Fig. 16" captionStart-5="Fig. 17" captionStart-6="Fig. 18" captionStart-7="Fig. 19" captionStart-8="Fig. 20" captionStart-9="Fig. 21" captionStartId-0="15.[189,232,1108,1134]" captionStartId-1="15.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionStartId-10="23.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionStartId-2="16.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionStartId-3="17.[189,232,1944,1970]" captionStartId-4="18.[189,232,1997,2023]" captionStartId-5="19.[189,232,1999,2025]" captionStartId-6="20.[189,232,1124,1150]" captionStartId-7="20.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionStartId-8="21.[189,232,1966,1992]" captionStartId-9="22.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetBox-10="[206,1384,1127,1944]" captionTargetBox-2="[206,1386,1315,1926]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1398,641,1904]" captionTargetBox-4="[234,1354,264,1995]" captionTargetBox-5="[196,1385,405,1892]" captionTargetBox-6="[405,1237,294,1058]" captionTargetBox-7="[234,1356,1225,1883]" captionTargetBox-8="[329,1240,685,1927]" captionTargetBox-9="[389,1198,1323,1960]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetId-1="figure@15.[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetId-10="figure@23.[189,1399,1117,1960]" captionTargetId-2="figure@16.[189,1399,1297,1958]" captionTargetId-3="figure@17.[189,1398,641,1904]" captionTargetId-4="figure@18.[234,1354,264,1995]" captionTargetId-5="figure@19.[195,1391,399,1955]" captionTargetId-6="figure@20.[281,1307,244,1104]" captionTargetId-7="figure@20.[214,1373,1219,1919]" captionTargetId-8="figure@21.[329,1259,665,1938]" captionTargetId-9="figure@22.[389,1198,1323,1960]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-10="23" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionTargetPageId-3="17" captionTargetPageId-4="18" captionTargetPageId-5="19" captionTargetPageId-6="20" captionTargetPageId-7="20" captionTargetPageId-8="21" captionTargetPageId-9="22" captionText-0="Fig. 12. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497a), slab a." captionText-1="Fig. 13. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497b), slab b." captionText-10="Fig. 22. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, caudal skeleton (CLC S-497a, b)." captionText-2="Fig. 14. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, reconstruction (CLC S-497a, b)." captionText-3="Fig. 15. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, head region (CLC S-497a)." captionText-4="Fig. 16. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, head region (CLC S-497b.)" captionText-5="Fig. 17. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen.et sp. nov., holotype, skull and pectoral girdle (CLCS-497a, b)." captionText-6="Fig. 18. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, vomer and prearticular (CLC S-497a)." captionText-7="Fig. 19. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, hyoid bar and coronoid region (CLC S-497b)." captionText-8="Fig. 20. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, neural arches and spines 21–24 (CLC S-497b), showing the hypercomplex contact between the arcocentra." captionText-9="Fig. 21. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, tail region (CLC S-497b)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1210471/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1210473/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/1210491/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1210475/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1210477/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/1210479/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/1210481/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/1210483/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/1210485/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/1210487/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/1210489/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 12–22</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="459E1CAC096BFFB052D59EEAD22869B8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096BFFB052D59EEAD7676FA3" blockId="14.[189,310,914,940]" box="[189,310,914,940]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="5673F84B096BFFB052D59EEAD7676FA3" bold="true" box="[189,310,914,940]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FF09335096BFFB052D59EEAD7676FA3" bold="true" box="[189,310,914,940]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096BFFB052D59EBAD22869B8" blockId="14.[189,1406,962,1464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Large pycnodontid fish, with a moderately deep body. Head deeper than long, with a sigmoid frontal profile and vertically oriented snout and mouth gape. Orbit small. Frontal short. Prefrontal long and broad. Parietal with a brush-like process. No temporal fenestra. Dermosphenotic sutured to the skull roof. Dermopterotic hypertrophied. Deep and extremely enlarged
<emphasis id="3FF09335096BFFB056699948D2E56845" box="[1025,1204,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">dilatator fossa</emphasis>
surrounded by dermosphenotic and dermopterotic. Vomer bearing rounded globular-shaped teeth. Maxilla ovoid, with a notch in the posterior margin. Prearticular with two rows of molariform teeth. Ectopterygoid present. A series of six short tubular infraorbitals linking the orbital region to the snout. Preopercle as deep as the exposed region of the hyomandibula-dermohyomandibula. Small coma-shaped opercle. Notochord completely surrounded by vertebral arches. Arcocentra in hypercomplex contact in the caudal region. Neural and haemal spines with a wing-like component. Forty-one neural spines anterior to the epichordal series. Seventeen haemal spines before the hypochordal series. Eleven or 12 pairs of ribs. Postcoelomic bone long and thin. Origin of dorsal fin anterior to origin of anal fin. Caudal peduncle long. Six epichordals. Eleven hypochordals, of which some moderately broadened. One urodermal. Scale bars and a few ventral complete scales in the abdominal region of the body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="459E1CAC096BFFB052D59898D6BE6A41" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096BFFB052D59898D71569F5" blockId="14.[189,324,1504,1530]" box="[189,324,1504,1530]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="5673F84B096BFFB052D59898D71569F5" bold="true" box="[189,324,1504,1530]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FF09335096BFFB052D59898D71569F5" bold="true" box="[189,324,1504,1530]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096BFFB052D59B68D6BE6A41" blockId="14.[189,1406,1552,1614]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
From the Latin ‘
<taxonomicName id="CA8434A4096BFFB053149B69D7BF6A25" authorityName="Taverne &amp; Capasso" authorityYear="2018" box="[380,494,1553,1578]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Sigmapycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="3FF09335096BFFB053149B69D7BF6A25" box="[380,494,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="3FF09335096BFFB053949B69D45A6A25" box="[508,523,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">a</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="3FF09335096BFFB050719B69D46C6A25" box="[537,573,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">um</emphasis>
’, gigantic. The specific name refers to the huge shape of the new fossil fish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="459E1CAC096BFFB052D59B0FD7A76B3F" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096BFFB052D59B0FD7FB6A9E" blockId="14.[189,426,1655,1681]" box="[189,426,1655,1681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="5673F84B096BFFB052D59B0FD7FB6A9E" bold="true" box="[189,426,1655,1681]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FF09335096BFFB052D59B0FD7FB6A9E" bold="true" box="[189,426,1655,1681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="BDEC457A096BFFB052829BDFD7A76B3F" Formation="Haqel" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1837804377" collectionCode="CLC" country="Lebanon" geologicalContext="Upper cenomanian, Late Cretaceous" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" group="ichtyofauna of Lebanon" lithoStratigraphicTerms="marine deposits" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" preparations="nearly complete skeleton" specimenCode="CLC S-497a, b" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096BFFB052829BDFD70D6ACE" blockId="14.[189,1405,1703,1840]" box="[234,348,1703,1729]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="3FF09335096BFFB052829BDFD70D6ACE" bold="true" box="[234,348,1703,1729]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="D23FF185096BFFB052829BDFD70D6ACE" box="[234,348,1703,1729]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096BFFB052D59BB4D7A76B3F" blockId="14.[189,1405,1703,1840]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<collectingCountry id="75930FB7096BFFB052D59BB4D71F6AE9" box="[189,334,1740,1766]" name="Lebanon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">LEBANON</collectingCountry>
: part and counterpart of a nearly complete
<specimenCount id="1B8284AE096BFFB0512F9BB4D5E76AE9" box="[839,950,1740,1766]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="95BF53A2096BFFB051AD9BB4D21F6AE9" box="[965,1102,1740,1766]" captionStart-0="Fig. 12" captionStart-1="Fig. 13" captionStartId-0="15.[189,232,1108,1134]" captionStartId-1="15.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetId-1="figure@15.[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="Fig. 12. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497a), slab a." captionText-1="Fig. 13. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497b), slab b." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1210471/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1210473/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 12–13</figureCitation>
), total length:
<quantity id="CA7CE2C2096BFFB056909BB4D3106AE9" box="[1272,1345,1740,1766]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="66.0">66 cm</quantity>
(the posterior part of the caudal fin is missing), standard length:
<quantity id="CA7CE2C2096BFFB051129B88D5946B04" box="[890,965,1776,1803]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="59.0">59cm</quantity>
, marine Upper Cenomanian deposits of Haqel (
<specimenCode id="5D22E75C096BFFB0535A9A6DD7B96B3F" box="[306,488,1813,1840]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">CLC S-497a, b</specimenCode>
).
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="459E1CAC096BFFA952D59A2FD3266802" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096BFFB052D59A2FD5316B7D" blockId="14.[189,1406,1879,2027]" box="[189,864,1879,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="3FF09335096BFFB052D59A2FD4A36B7D" bold="true" box="[189,754,1879,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">General morphology and morphometric data</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="95BF53A2096BFFB0516A9A20D5066B7D" box="[770,855,1880,1906]" captionStart="Fig. 14" captionStartId="16.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[206,1386,1315,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1399,1297,1958]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 14. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, reconstruction (CLC S-497a, b)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210475/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096BFFB052D59AF0D4D86BE4" blockId="14.[189,1406,1879,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="CA8434A4096BFFB052D59AF0D7BC6BAE" authority="Taverne &amp; Capasso, 2018" authorityName="Taverne &amp; Capasso" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,493,1928,1954]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Sigmapycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FF09335096BFFB052D59AF0D7BC6BAE" box="[189,493,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sigmapycnodus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24C32E4E096BFFB0539B9AF0D4CE6BAD" box="[499,671,1928,1954]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a large pycnodontiform fish. Its total length is assumed to be ca
<quantity id="CA7CE2C2096BFFB052B79AD4D7766BC9" box="[223,295,1964,1990]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="70.0">70cm</quantity>
with the complete caudal fin. The body is not very high for a pycnodont, its depth being only equal to the half of the standard length.
</paragraph>
<caption id="59FB1FAF096AFFB152D5992CD2D76860" box="[189,1158,1108,1135]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210471/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[189,232,1108,1134]" targetBox="[189,1398,265,1071]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096AFFB152D5992CD2D76860" blockId="15.[189,1158,1108,1135]" box="[189,1158,1108,1135]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="3FF09335096AFFB152D5992CD7486861" bold="true" box="[189,281,1108,1134]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CA8434A4096AFFB15348992CD4036861" authority="Taverne &amp; Capasso, 2018" authorityName="Taverne &amp; Capasso" authorityYear="2018" box="[288,594,1108,1134]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Sigmapycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FF09335096AFFB15348992CD4036861" box="[288,594,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sigmapycnodus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24C32E4E096AFFB15031992DD55D6860" box="[601,780,1109,1135]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (CLC S-497a), slab a.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="59FB1FAF096AFFB152D59AA8D2D86BE5" box="[189,1161,2000,2027]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210473/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[189,232,2000,2026]" targetBox="[189,1398,1178,1984]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F27096AFFB152D59AA8D2D86BE5" blockId="15.[189,1161,2000,2027]" box="[189,1161,2000,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="3FF09335096AFFB152D59AA8D7486BE5" bold="true" box="[189,281,2000,2026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CA8434A4096AFFB153489AA8D4036BE5" authority="Taverne &amp; Capasso, 2018" authorityName="Taverne &amp; Capasso" authorityYear="2018" box="[288,594,2000,2026]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Sigmapycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FF09335096AFFB153489AA8D4036BE5" box="[288,594,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sigmapycnodus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24C32E4E096AFFB150319AA9D55D6BE4" box="[601,780,2001,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (CLC S-497b), slab b.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59C73D5A56D29" blockId="16.[189,1398,267,611]" box="[189,1012,267,294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The morphometric data are given in % of the standard length (
<quantity id="CA7CE2C20975FFAE51F09C73D5B66D29" box="[920,999,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="59.0">59 cm</quantity>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59C56D3276D46" blockId="16.[189,1398,267,611]" box="[189,1398,302,329]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Length of the head (opercle included) ……………………………………………………………24.5 %</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59C2AD3276D63" blockId="16.[189,1398,267,611]" box="[189,1398,338,365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Depth of the head (in the occipital region) ………………………………………………………38.1 %</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59C0DD3276D80" blockId="16.[189,1398,267,611]" box="[189,1398,373,400]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Maximum depth of the body (just before the dorsal fin) …………………………………………49.8 %</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59CE0D3276DBD" blockId="16.[189,1398,267,611]" box="[189,1398,408,435]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prepelvic length………………………………………………………………pelvic girdle not preserved</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59CC3D3276DDA" blockId="16.[189,1398,267,611]" box="[189,1398,443,469]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Predorsal length……………………………………………………………………………………47.2 %</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59CA6D3276DF7" blockId="16.[189,1398,267,611]" box="[189,1398,478,504]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Basal length of the dorsal fin………………………………………………………………fin incomplete</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59F7AD3276E13" blockId="16.[189,1398,267,611]" box="[189,1398,514,541]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Preanal length ………………………………………………………………………………………58.5 %</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59F5DD3276E30" blockId="16.[189,1398,267,611]" box="[189,1398,549,575]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Basal length of the anal fin …………………………………………………………………fin incomplete</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59F30D3276E6D" blockId="16.[189,1398,267,611]" box="[189,1398,584,611]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Depth of the caudal peduncle………………………………………………………not entirely preserved</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59FF1D7686EAC" blockId="16.[189,313,649,675]" box="[189,313,649,675]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="5673F84B0975FFAE52D59FF1D7686EAC" bold="true" box="[189,313,649,675]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FF093350975FFAE52D59FF1D7686EAC" bold="true" box="[189,313,649,675]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Osteology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52829FC0D79B6EDC" blockId="16.[189,1398,696,793]" box="[234,458,696,723]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="3FF093350975FFAE52829FC0D77A6EDD" bold="true" box="[234,299,696,722]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Skull</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20975FFAE53539FC0D7906EDC" box="[315,449,696,723]" captionStart-0="Fig. 15" captionStart-1="Fig. 16" captionStart-2="Fig. 17" captionStart-3="Fig. 18" captionStart-4="Fig. 19" captionStartId-0="17.[189,232,1944,1970]" captionStartId-1="18.[189,232,1997,2023]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1999,2025]" captionStartId-3="20.[189,232,1124,1150]" captionStartId-4="20.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,641,1904]" captionTargetBox-1="[234,1354,264,1995]" captionTargetBox-2="[196,1385,405,1892]" captionTargetBox-3="[405,1237,294,1058]" captionTargetBox-4="[234,1356,1225,1883]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[189,1398,641,1904]" captionTargetId-1="figure@18.[234,1354,264,1995]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[195,1391,399,1955]" captionTargetId-3="figure@20.[281,1307,244,1104]" captionTargetId-4="figure@20.[214,1373,1219,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionTargetPageId-4="20" captionText-0="Fig. 15. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, head region (CLC S-497a)." captionText-1="Fig. 16. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, head region (CLC S-497b.)" captionText-2="Fig. 17. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen.et sp. nov., holotype, skull and pectoral girdle (CLCS-497a, b)." captionText-3="Fig. 18. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, vomer and prearticular (CLC S-497a)." captionText-4="Fig. 19. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, hyoid bar and coronoid region (CLC S-497b)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1210477/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1210479/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1210481/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1210483/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/1210485/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 15–19</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59FA3D5BB6F17" blockId="16.[189,1398,696,793]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The head is crushed and badly preserved. However, when combining the data given by the two slabs of the
<typeStatus id="D23FF1850975FFAE52809F86D7036F17" box="[232,338,766,792]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, it is possible to reconstruct almost completely the skull.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59E38D2BE6FE8" blockId="16.[189,1406,832,999]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">The snout is short and vertically oriented. The frontal profile is sigmoid in shape, with a convex external margin at the level of the suture between the prefrontal and the frontal and a concave external margin lower on the prefrontal. The very small orbit is surrounded by the mesethmoid, the prefrontal, the frontal and the dermosphenotic. No endochondral bone of the braincase is visible, except the mesethmoid. The dermal bones of the skull bear some thin striae but this ornamentation is weakly developed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59976D4EB6860" blockId="16.[189,1406,1038,1135]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">The wide and deep mesethmoid is partly hidden by the long and broad prefrontal. The vomer is a large bone. Ten large molariform, rounded and globular-shaped teeth are visible. The first five are ranged in two rows and the posterior five in one row.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAF52D599EED47E6DDA" blockId="16.[189,1399,1174,1236]" lastBlockId="17.[189,1399,267,470]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The frontal is short but rather broad. The dermosphenotic and the parietal are quite smaller. The parietal bears a long posterior brush-like process (= parietal peniculus) that is preserved as an imprint. The dermopterotic is hypertrophied, broad and high. There is no temporal fenestra. Only a small part of the parasphenoid is visible. The dermosphenotic is sutured to the dermopterotic and the frontal, becoming a lateral part of the dermal skull roof. The ventral margin of the dermosphenotic and of the dermopterotic is located at the level of the ventral border of the orbit. A deep and extremely enlarged
<emphasis id="3FF093350974FFAF56DA9C0DD30D6D80" box="[1202,1372,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">dilatator fossa</emphasis>
is present between the dermosphenotic and the dermopterotic. The autosphenotic and the sensory canals of the skull roof are not visible.
</paragraph>
<caption id="59FB1FAF0975FFAE52D59AA8D3596BE4" box="[189,1288,2000,2027]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210475/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[189,232,2000,2026]" targetBox="[206,1386,1315,1926]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270975FFAE52D59AA8D3596BE4" blockId="16.[189,1288,2000,2027]" box="[189,1288,2000,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="3FF093350975FFAE52D59AA8D7486BE5" bold="true" box="[189,281,2000,2026]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CA8434A40975FFAE53489AA8D4036BE5" authority="Taverne &amp; Capasso, 2018" authorityName="Taverne &amp; Capasso" authorityYear="2018" box="[288,594,2000,2026]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Sigmapycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FF093350975FFAE53489AA8D4036BE5" box="[288,594,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sigmapycnodus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24C32E4E0975FFAE50319AA9D55D6BE4" box="[601,780,2001,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, reconstruction (CLC S-497a, b).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270974FFAF52D59C85D4A66E35" blockId="17.[189,1399,509,570]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The quadrate, a part of the entopterygoid and a very small ectopterygoid are preserved on the slab b (
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20974FFAF52AE9F58D74A6E35" box="[198,283,544,570]" captionStart="Fig. 13" captionStartId="15.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 13. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497b), slab b." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210473/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) of the
<typeStatus id="D23FF1850974FFAF531E9F58D7B16E35" box="[374,480,544,570]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but not the symplectic.
</paragraph>
<caption id="59FB1FAF0974FFAF52D59AE0D29C6BBD" box="[189,1229,1944,1970]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210477/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[189,232,1944,1970]" targetBox="[189,1398,641,1904]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270974FFAF52D59AE0D29C6BBD" blockId="17.[189,1229,1944,1970]" box="[189,1229,1944,1970]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="3FF093350974FFAF52D59AE0D7486BBD" bold="true" box="[189,281,1944,1970]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CA8434A40974FFAF53489AE0D4036BBD" authority="Taverne &amp; Capasso, 2018" authorityName="Taverne &amp; Capasso" authorityYear="2018" box="[288,594,1944,1970]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Sigmapycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FF093350974FFAF53489AE0D4036BBD" box="[288,594,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sigmapycnodus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24C32E4E0974FFAF50319AE0D55D6BBD" box="[601,780,1944,1970]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, head region (CLC S-497a).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="59FB1FAF0977FFAC52D59AB5D29F6BE7" box="[189,1230,1997,2024]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210479/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[189,232,1997,2023]" targetBox="[234,1354,264,1995]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270977FFAC52D59AB5D29F6BE7" blockId="18.[189,1230,1997,2024]" box="[189,1230,1997,2024]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="3FF093350977FFAC52D59AB5D7486BE8" bold="true" box="[189,281,1997,2023]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CA8434A40977FFAC53489AB5D4036BE8" authority="Taverne &amp; Capasso, 2018" authorityName="Taverne &amp; Capasso" authorityYear="2018" box="[288,594,1997,2023]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Sigmapycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FF093350977FFAC53489AB5D4036BE8" box="[288,594,1997,2023]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sigmapycnodus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24C32E4E0977FFAC50319AB6D55D6BE7" box="[601,780,1998,2024]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, head region (CLC S-497b.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="59FB1FAF0976FFAD52D59AB7D3276BE5" box="[189,1398,1999,2026]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210481/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[189,232,1999,2025]" targetBox="[196,1385,405,1892]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270976FFAD52D59AB7D3276BE5" blockId="19.[189,1398,1999,2026]" box="[189,1398,1999,2026]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="3FF093350976FFAD52D59AB7D7486BE6" bold="true" box="[189,281,1999,2025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CA8434A40976FFAD53489AA8D4006BE6" authority="Taverne &amp; Capasso, 2018" authorityName="Taverne &amp; Capasso" authorityYear="2018" box="[288,593,2000,2026]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Sigmapycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FF093350976FFAD53489AA8D4006BE6" box="[288,593,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sigmapycnodus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24C32E4E0976FFAD50309AA8D5586BE5" box="[600,777,2000,2026]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, skull and pectoral girdle (CLC S-497a, b).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="59FB1FAF0971FFAA52D5991CD31F6870" box="[189,1358,1124,1151]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210483/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[189,232,1124,1150]" targetBox="[405,1237,294,1058]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270971FFAA52D5991CD31F6870" blockId="20.[189,1358,1124,1151]" box="[189,1358,1124,1151]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="3FF093350971FFAA52D5991CD7486871" bold="true" box="[189,281,1124,1150]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CA8434A40971FFAA5348991DD4036871" authority="Taverne &amp; Capasso, 2018" authorityName="Taverne &amp; Capasso" authorityYear="2018" box="[288,594,1125,1151]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Sigmapycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FF093350971FFAA5348991DD4036871" box="[288,594,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sigmapycnodus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24C32E4E0971FFAA5031991DD55D6870" box="[601,780,1125,1151]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, vomer and prearticular (CLC S-497a).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="59FB1FAF0971FFAA52D59AD4D7726BE5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210485/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[189,232,1964,1990]" targetBox="[234,1356,1225,1883]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270971FFAA52D59AD4D7726BE5" blockId="20.[189,1399,1964,2026]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="3FF093350971FFAA52D59AD4D74F6BC9" bold="true" box="[189,286,1964,1990]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CA8434A40971FFAA53419AD4D40E6BC9" authority="Taverne &amp; Capasso, 2018" authorityName="Taverne &amp; Capasso" authorityYear="2018" box="[297,607,1964,1990]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Sigmapycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FF093350971FFAA53419AD4D40E6BC9" box="[297,607,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sigmapycnodus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24C32E4E0971FFAA50029AD5D57B6BC8" box="[618,810,1965,1991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, hyoid bar and coronoid region (CLC S-497b).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270970FFAB52D59C72D4046DDB" blockId="21.[189,1406,266,469]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">The maxilla is a large plate-like bone, broader posteriorly than anteriorly. There is a deep and broad notch in its posterior margin. The prearticular is long but rather narrow, with a strongly developed coronoid process. It bears at least two rows of molariform teeth still larger than those on the vomer. The dorsal row contains six teeth and the ventral row three teeth, with the last one longer than the others. These teeth are ovoid in shape with a more or less flat surface. The premaxilla, the dentary, the angular and the articular are not preserved.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270970FFAB52D59C84D45C6E53" blockId="21.[189,1398,508,605]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A series of six small tubular infraorbitals, vertically oriented, is present along the mesethmoid. They connect the infraorbital and the rostral sensory canals. Paired sclerotic bones are visible in the orbit, close to the dermosphenotic.</paragraph>
<caption id="59FB1FAF0970FFAB52D59AD6D5B36BE3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210487/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[189,232,1966,1992]" targetBox="[329,1240,685,1927]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270970FFAB52D59AD6D5B36BE3" blockId="21.[189,1399,1966,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3FF093350970FFAB52D59AD6D74D6BC7" bold="true" box="[189,284,1966,1992]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CA8434A40970FFAB534F9AD6D40D6BC7" authority="Taverne &amp; Capasso, 2018" authorityName="Taverne &amp; Capasso" authorityYear="2018" box="[295,604,1966,1992]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Sigmapycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FF093350970FFAB534F9AD6D40D6BC7" box="[295,604,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sigmapycnodus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24C32E4E0970FFAB500F9AD7D5756BC6" box="[615,804,1967,1993]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, neural arches and spines 21–24 (CLC S-497b), showing the hypercomplex contact between the arcocentra.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270973FFA852D59C73D73F6D80" blockId="22.[189,1399,267,399]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
The hyomandibula-dermohyomandibula and the preopercle are sutured together. The exposed part of the hyomandibula-dermohyomandibula has the same depth as the preopercle. As seen on slab a (
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20973FFA857719C56D33C6D46" box="[1305,1389,302,329]" captionStart="Fig. 12" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1108,1134]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497a), slab a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210471/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) of the
<typeStatus id="D23FF1850973FFA8536F9C2AD7206D63" box="[263,369,338,364]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, the dorsal margin of the hyomandibula bears a small pointed process that penetrates the
<emphasis id="3FF093350973FFA852D59C0DD7366D80" box="[189,359,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">dilatator fossa</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270973FFA852D59CCFD36C6DFC" blockId="22.[189,1398,438,500]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
A large hypohyal, a short anterior ceratohyal, a very small fragment of the posterior ceratohyal, two broad branchiostegal rays and a possible urohyal are preserved on slab b (
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20973FFA856779CA1D2256DFB" box="[1055,1140,473,500]" captionStart="Fig. 13" captionStartId="15.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 13. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497b), slab b." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210473/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) of the
<typeStatus id="D23FF1850973FFA856A79CA1D36B6DFC" box="[1231,1338,473,499]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270973FFA852829F63D7B76E39" blockId="22.[189,1406,539,742]" box="[234,486,539,566]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="3FF093350973FFA852829F63D7166E3A" bold="true" box="[234,327,539,565]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Girdles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20973FFA8533F9F63D78C6E39" box="[343,477,539,566]" captionStart-0="Fig. 15" captionStart-1="Fig. 16" captionStart-2="Fig. 17" captionStartId-0="17.[189,232,1944,1970]" captionStartId-1="18.[189,232,1997,2023]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1999,2025]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,641,1904]" captionTargetBox-1="[234,1354,264,1995]" captionTargetBox-2="[196,1385,405,1892]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[189,1398,641,1904]" captionTargetId-1="figure@18.[234,1354,264,1995]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[195,1391,399,1955]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionText-0="Fig. 15. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, head region (CLC S-497a)." captionText-1="Fig. 16. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, head region (CLC S-497b.)" captionText-2="Fig. 17. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen.et sp. nov., holotype, skull and pectoral girdle (CLCS-497a, b)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1210477/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1210479/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1210481/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 15–17</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270973FFA852D59F46D7DA6EEA" blockId="22.[189,1406,539,742]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">The short posttemporal and the long hypercleithrum (= supracleithrum) are pressed against the posterior margin of the dermopterotic. The cleithrum has a short but very broad ventral branch and a much narrower dorsal branch. There is a sinus in the posterior margin of the bone between the two branches to house the short pectoral fin. At least four pterygiophores are present. The number of pectoral rays is not determinable.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270973FFA852D59E74D5776F29" blockId="22.[189,806,780,807]" box="[189,806,780,807]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">The pelvic girdle is lost, due to the bad preservation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270973FFA852829E36D4346F67" blockId="22.[189,1406,846,1154]" box="[234,613,846,872]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="3FF093350973FFA852829E36D7CA6F67" bold="true" box="[234,411,846,872]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Axial skeleton</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20973FFA853C39E36D4636F67" box="[427,562,846,872]" captionStart-0="Fig. 12" captionStart-1="Fig. 13" captionStart-2="Fig. 14" captionStartId-0="15.[189,232,1108,1134]" captionStartId-1="15.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionStartId-2="16.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetBox-2="[206,1386,1315,1926]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetId-1="figure@15.[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetId-2="figure@16.[189,1399,1297,1958]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionText-0="Fig. 12. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497a), slab a." captionText-1="Fig. 13. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497b), slab b." captionText-2="Fig. 14. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, reconstruction (CLC S-497a, b)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1210471/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1210473/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1210475/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 12–14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20973FFA850569E36D40C6F67" box="[574,605,846,872]" captionStart="Fig. 20" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[329,1240,685,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[329,1259,665,1938]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 20. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, neural arches and spines 21–24 (CLC S-497b), showing the hypercomplex contact between the arcocentra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210487/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">20</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270973FFA852D59E09D49B688E" blockId="22.[189,1406,846,1154]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
The skeletal axis is badly preserved. In the rare places where the neural and haemal archocentra are more or less complete, these arches surround totally the notochord. In the caudal region of the body, the arcocentra are in hypercomplex contact, involving three or for pre- and postzygapophyses for each centrum. There are 41 neural spines before the epichordal series. Only 39 neural spines are visible on slab a (
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20973FFA8537B9E86D73A6817" box="[275,363,1022,1048]" captionStart="Fig. 12" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1108,1134]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497a), slab a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210471/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
), but two more posterior spines are present on slab b (
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20973FFA8519D9E86D21C6817" box="[1013,1101,1022,1048]" captionStart="Fig. 13" captionStartId="15.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 13. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497b), slab b." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210473/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). It is not possible to see if the first neural spines were autogenous or not. There are at least 17haemal spines anterior to the hypochordal elementss but one or two spines seemingly are missing. There are 11 or 12 pairs of ribs. The postcoelomic bone is thin but very long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="59FB1FAF0973FFA852D59AA8D2ED6BE4" box="[189,1212,2000,2027]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210489/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[189,232,2000,2026]" targetBox="[389,1198,1323,1960]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270973FFA852D59AA8D2ED6BE4" blockId="22.[189,1212,2000,2027]" box="[189,1212,2000,2027]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="3FF093350973FFA852D59AA8D7486BE5" bold="true" box="[189,281,2000,2026]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CA8434A40973FFA853489AA8D4036BE5" authority="Taverne &amp; Capasso, 2018" authorityName="Taverne &amp; Capasso" authorityYear="2018" box="[288,594,2000,2026]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Sigmapycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FF093350973FFA853489AA8D4036BE5" box="[288,594,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sigmapycnodus giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24C32E4E0973FFA850319AA9D55D6BE4" box="[601,780,2001,2027]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, tail region (CLC S-497b).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270972FFA952829C73D7B56D2A" blockId="23.[188,1405,267,364]" box="[234,484,267,293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="3FF093350972FFA952829C73D7B56D2A" bold="true" box="[234,484,267,293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Dorsal and anal fins</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270972FFA952D49C56D2B66D63" blockId="23.[188,1405,267,364]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
The dorsal fin origin is far posterior to the head. The fin is incomplete. The first 29 dorsal pterygiophores are preserved on slab a (
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20972FFA953B29C29D4606D63" box="[474,561,337,364]" captionStart="Fig. 12" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1108,1134]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497a), slab a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210471/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig.12</figureCitation>
). The basis of the first 11 rays is visible on slab b (
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20972FFA956EC9C29D28B6D63" box="[1156,1242,337,364]" captionStart="Fig. 13" captionStartId="15.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 13. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497b), slab b." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210473/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig.13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270972FFA952D49CEBD48B6DDF" blockId="23.[188,1405,403,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
The anal fin inserts at a posterior level than the dorsal one. Small fragments of a few anterior anal pterygiophores are present on slab b (
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20972FFA9501D9CCED49D6DDF" box="[629,716,438,464]" captionStart="Fig. 13" captionStartId="15.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 13. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497b), slab b." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210473/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270972FFA952829C8FD4006E1E" blockId="23.[188,1406,503,706]" box="[234,593,503,530]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="3FF093350972FFA952829C8FD7E26E1D" bold="true" box="[234,435,503,530]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Caudal skeleton</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20972FFA953AB9C8FD4186E1E" box="[451,585,503,529]" captionStart-0="Fig. 21" captionStart-1="Fig. 22" captionStartId-0="22.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionStartId-1="23.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox-0="[389,1198,1323,1960]" captionTargetBox-1="[206,1384,1127,1944]" captionTargetId-0="figure@22.[389,1198,1323,1960]" captionTargetId-1="figure@23.[189,1399,1117,1960]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionText-0="Fig. 21. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, tail region (CLC S-497b)." captionText-1="Fig. 22. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, caudal skeleton (CLC S-497a, b)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1210489/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1210491/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 21–22</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270972FFA952D49F62D4656ECE" blockId="23.[188,1406,503,706]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
The caudal peduncle is well marked but its dorsal and ventral margins are not visible and its depth is not determinable. The caudal skeleton is much better preserved on slab b (
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20972FFA951909F46D21C6E57" box="[1016,1101,574,600]" captionStart="Fig. 13" captionStartId="15.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1178,1984]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 13. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497b), slab b." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210473/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) than on slab a (
<figureCitation id="95BF53A20972FFA957789F46D3396E57" box="[1296,1384,574,600]" captionStart="Fig. 12" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1108,1134]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,265,1071]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 12. Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov., holotype (CLC S-497a), slab a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1210471/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). There are six epichordals, 11 hypochordals and one urodermal. The epichordals are long and the first six hypochordals are comparably longer. The sixth and probably the seventh hypochordals are broadened but there is no real hypertrophy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270972FFA952D49F91D3786F0C" blockId="23.[188,1321,745,771]" box="[188,1321,745,771]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Only parts of a few caudal rays are preserved. The size and shape of the caudal fin are unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270972FFA952829E52D7D36F4B" blockId="23.[188,1397,810,907]" box="[234,386,810,836]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="3FF093350972FFA952829E52D7D36F4B" bold="true" box="[234,386,810,836]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Squamation</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270972FFA952D49E35D4ED6F84" blockId="23.[188,1397,810,907]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">The scales cover only the abdominal region of the body. Most of them are reduced to scale bars but ventrally a few complete scales are present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270972FFA952D49ECAD2496FC3" blockId="23.[188,1048,946,973]" box="[188,1048,946,973]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Dorsal ridge scutes and the scales of the cloacal region are not preserved.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D3B4F270972FFA952D49E8CD3266802" blockId="23.[188,1399,1011,1038]" box="[188,1399,1011,1038]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Some spiny scutes of the ventral keel are visible but the total number of these elements is not determinable.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink