158 lines
16 KiB
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158 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43b6b64a-b86b-4c0b-afcc-229ccecb6e16" ID-PMC="PMC3690914" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-288-1" ID-PubMed="23798897" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-288-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 288" ModsDocTitle="Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)" checkinTime="1451247431953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Reemer, Menno & Stahls, Gunilla" docDate="2013" docId="61BC9276B6DA5018B9B5032B98B5C6A4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 288: 1-213" docOrigin="ZooKeys 288" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" docTitle="Metadon Reemer, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="582E2572FFD0FFB3884E8864FFF1A15A" masterDocTitle="Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)" masterLastPageNumber="213" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1668155636847" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Reemer, Menno</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Stahls, Gunilla</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>288</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>213</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-288-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042649" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A00DBDC3-F8BE-4A89-A421-04903BC81B1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/61BC9276B6DA5018B9B5032B98B5C6A4" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A00DBDC3-F8BE-4A89-A421-04903BC81B1D" authority="Reemer" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Metadon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metadon" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metadon Reemer</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="37" pageNumber="38">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 163-175
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type species:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon wulpii" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wulpii">Microdon wulpii</taxonomicName>
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Mik, 1899: 143. Type locality: Indonesia, Sumatra. Replacement name for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon apicalis" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Microdon apicalis</taxonomicName>
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Wulp, 1892: 29 (preoccupied by Walker, 1858).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Body length: 7-21 mm. Slender to moderately broadly built flies with oval abdomen and long antennae. Head slightly wider than thorax. Face almost straight to convex in profile; narrower to wider than an eye. Lateral oral margins produced or not produced. Vertex flat. Occiput ventrally narrow, dorsally widened. Eye bare. Eye margins in male converging at level of frons, with mutual distance 2-3 times as large as width of antennal fossa. Antennal fossa about as wide as high. Antenna longer than distance between antennal fossa and anterior oral margin; basoflagellomere shorter than scape; bare. Postpronotum pilose. Scutellum semicircular; with or without calcars. Anepisternum sulcate; entirely pilose, except sometimes with small bare
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<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">part</pageBreakToken>
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ventrally (only known exception:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Metadon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metadon bifasciatus" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">Metadon bifasciatus</taxonomicName>
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, in which anepisternum is bare on entire ventral half). Anepimeron entirely pilose. Katepimeron flat to somewhat convex; smooth or with wrinkled texture; not pilose, but often with rows of microtrichia. Katatergum with oblique rows of microtrichia. Wing: vein R4+5 with posterior appendix; vein M1 more or less straight, perpendicular to vein R4+5; postero-apical corner of cell r4+5 angular to widely rounded, with or without appendix; crossvein r-m located between basal 1/7 and 1/4 of cell dm. Abdomen oval, 1.5-2.5 times as long as wide. Tergites 3 and 4 fused. Sternite 1 pilose. Male genitalia: phallus projecting not or little beyond apex of hypandrium (except projecting well beyond apex of hypandrium in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Metadon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metadon bifasciatus" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">Metadon bifasciatus</taxonomicName>
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), bent dorsad, furcate in apical half, with both processes about equally long (except ventral process much longer in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Metadon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metadon bifasciatus" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">Metadon bifasciatus</taxonomicName>
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); epandrium with or without ventrolateral ridge; surstylus unfurcate, sometimes with long posterior process.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Body never metallic green or blue. Vein R4+5 with posterior appendix. Abdomen oval, longer than wide but less than 2.5 times as long as wide. Postpronotum pilose. Anepisternum with bare part limited to ventral half, or entirely pilose. Antenna longer than distance between antennal fossa and anterior oral margin. Basoflagellomere shorter than or as long as scape. Tergite 1 short: length/width ratio 1:25 or less.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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All included species (except the ones here described) were originally described in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microdon</taxonomicName>
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. However, the morphology of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Metadon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metadon" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metadon</taxonomicName>
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is distinct. Characters that separate these taxa in all examined species (except
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Metadon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metadon bifasciatus" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">Metadon bifasciatus</taxonomicName>
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, see below) are: anepisternum (almost) entirely pilose; phallus projecting not or only little beyond apex of hypandrium; aedegus furcate in apical half. Additional characters for distinguishing
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Metadon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metadon" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metadon</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microdon</taxonomicName>
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(that may not work for all species) are: katepimeron more or less flat, with wrinkled texture; katatergum with oblique rows of microtrichia. In general, the abdomen of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Metadon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metadon" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metadon</taxonomicName>
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species is more elongate than that of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microdon</taxonomicName>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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The East Palaearctic species
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Metadon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metadon bifasciatus" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">Metadon bifasciatus</taxonomicName>
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Matsumura, 1916 is aberrant in certain characters. In this species the bare part of the anepisternum reaches up to about half the height of the sclerite. In addition, the genitalia are aberrant as the ventral aedeagal process is much longer than the dorsal process (Fig. 172), a character not known from any other species of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microdontinae">Microdontinae</taxonomicName>
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. Nevertheless, this species is placed in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Metadon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metadon" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metadon</taxonomicName>
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because of the elongate abdomen and the oblique rows of microtrichia on the katatergum. This is supported by the results of
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<bibRefCitation pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Reemer and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ståhls">Stahls</normalizedToken>
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(in press)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. As the Chinese species
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon brunneipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneipennis">Microdon brunneipennis</taxonomicName>
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Huo, Ren & Zheng, 2007 and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon pingliensis" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pingliensis">Microdon pingliensis</taxonomicName>
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Huo, Ren & Zheng, 2007 and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon spuribifasciatus" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuribifasciatus">Microdon spuribifasciatus</taxonomicName>
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Huo, Ren & Zheng, 2007 are similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon bifasciatus" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">Microdon bifasciatus</taxonomicName>
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, the characters as mentioned may also be valid for those species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Metadon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metadon" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metadon</taxonomicName>
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is erected as a new genus distinct from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microdon</taxonomicName>
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in order to facilitate distinction between these apparently monophyletic groups. Results of phylogenetic analyses by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Reemer and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ståhls">Stahls</normalizedToken>
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(in press)
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</bibRefCitation>
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support this decision.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Diversity and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Described species: 42. About half of the species (22) are described from the Oriental region. Several undescribed species from this region were seen by the first author in different collections. From the Afrotropical region, 14
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<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">species</pageBreakToken>
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are described, remarkably none of which is from Madagascar. Four species are known from the Palaearctic region. These seem to form a closely related species group, all related to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon bifasciatus" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">Microdon bifasciatus</taxonomicName>
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, restricted to eastern China, Korea and Japan. Two species are known from the Aru Islands off the southwest coast of New Guinea (these were collected by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1857, to be described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="77 - 110" title="Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected in the Aru Islands by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species." volume="3" year="1858">Walker 1858</bibRefCitation>
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). These are the only known records of this group from the Australian region.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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The generic name is a combination of the ancient Greek words meta and odon, with the latter used as a suffix derived from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microdon</taxonomicName>
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. The prefix meta is used in the sense of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘near’">'near'</normalizedToken>
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or
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘close’">'close'</normalizedToken>
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, in order to indicate the resemblance in habitus to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microdon</taxonomicName>
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s.s. It is a masculine name.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |