1639 lines
156 KiB
XML
1639 lines
156 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639545" ID-GBIF-Dataset="031a30dc-d7b5-46e5-b578-dc35a57e0b92" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180687262" ID-ISSN="2376-3191" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4639545" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A423690D-7D97-492A-B49D-F58B550A1884" checkinTime="1616765448989" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Heraty, John M., Rogers, D. Valle, Johnson, M. Tracy, Perreira, William D., Baker, Austin J., Bitume, Ellyn, Murray, Elizabeth & Varone, Laura" docDate="2021" docId="6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09" docLanguage="en" docName="bishopMuseumOccasionalPaper.op.137.7-18.pdf" docOrigin="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 137" docTitle="Orasema minutissima" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="9D410A42FFD3FFDCDC07FFDAFFF08F34" masterDocTitle="New record in the Hawaiian Islands of Orasema minutissima (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae), an ant-parasitic wasp and a potential biocontrol agent against the Little Fire Ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1643430911865" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="CC0-1.0">
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||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>New record in the Hawaiian Islands of Orasema minutissima (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae), an ant-parasitic wasp and a potential biocontrol agent against the Little Fire Ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">john.heraty@ucr.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Rogers, D. Valle</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Johnson, M. Tracy</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Perreira, William D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>P. O. Box 61547, Honolulu, HI 96839 - 1547, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Baker, Austin J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Bitume, Ellyn</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Murray, Elizabeth</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Varone, Laura</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Bishop Museum Occasional Papers</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2021-03-23</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>137</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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||
<mods:start>7</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>18</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639493</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">031a30dc-d7b5-46e5-b578-dc35a57e0b92</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2376-3191</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4639493</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A423690D-7D97-492A-B49D-F58B550A1884</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639545" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180687262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4639545" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[147,1006,541,1253]" box="[147,654,570,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis box="[147,244,570,591]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Sampling.</emphasis>
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||
The first observation of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Howard" box="[504,654,570,591]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[504,654,570,591]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[147,1006,541,1253]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
|
||
was made by DVR in Hilo using Yellow Pan Traps (YPT) that consisted of a yellow plastic bowl [i.e.,
|
||
<quantity box="[828,901,599,620]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.8271856184999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="oz" value="13.5">13.5 oz</quantity>
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||
(0.4 liter), 7" × 1 ¾" (
|
||
<quantity box="[259,339,627,648]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="17.5">17.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
×
|
||
<quantity box="[368,439,627,648]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
)], with water and a few drops of non-scented liquid soap, that was placed on the ground. Similar YPT traps were used by MTJ and EB at Hilo and the Keauohana Forest Reserve, two sites known to be infested by
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[788,899,685,706]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[788,899,685,706]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. WDP had been monitoring several sites in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[465,542,714,735]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[557,617,714,735]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[147,178,1147,1166]" captionTargetBox="[144,1011,192,1130]" captionTargetId="figure-77@5.[144,1014,192,1130]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Yellow Sticky Board sampling sites on Hawai‘i Island: (1) Koai‘a Tree Sanctuary; (2) Waimea Town; (3) UH Mealani Research Station; (4) Kalōpā State Recreation Area; (5) Kawainui Stream; (6) Kaumana; (7) Hilo Town; (8) Pana‘ewa Zoo; (9) Kurtistown; (10) Pahoa District Park; (11) Pu‘u Huluhulu; (12) Route 200 Saddle Road; (13) Kaimu-Chain of Craters Road; (14) Wright Road, Volcano Village; (15) Hawai‘i Belt Road; (16) Pahala and (17) Whittington Beach Park. Orasema minutissima were sampled at sites 5, 6, and 10 in 2019; at site 8 in 2019-2021; and at site 13 in 2020- 2021 (yellow circles). Satellite image credited to Google Earth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639497/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), Maui, and O‘ahu as part of a separate insect survey project. On Maui and O‘ahu,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[559,670,743,764]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[559,670,743,764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not present at either site being sampled, but
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[280,365,771,792]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[280,365,771,792]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were present. His YPTs consisted of yellow
|
||
<quantity box="[814,892,771,792]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.2679618479999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="oz" value="8.0">8 ounce</quantity>
|
||
(0.24 liter) plastic “shave ice” flower cups, readily available at local restaurant supply stores and online, filled with water and about 5 ml of yellow colored dish soap; traps were placed in the field for two weeks and the specimens air-dried. Bowl size (larger or smaller) is not likely to affect monitoring for presence or absence of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[665,810,887,908]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[665,810,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. WDP also sampled with Yellow Sticky Board Traps (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[472,536,915,936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">YSBT</collectionCode>
|
||
) consisting of 10" × 12" (
|
||
<quantity box="[789,881,915,936]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="25.4">25.40 cm</quantity>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity box="[907,999,915,936]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="30.48">30.48 cm</quantity>
|
||
) cards from HTG Supply (htgsupply.com; Callery, PA) cut into 10" × 3" (
|
||
<quantity box="[865,946,944,965]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="25.4">25.4 cm</quantity>
|
||
×
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="7.5">7.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
) strips and hung from branches approximately
|
||
<quantity box="[639,697,973,994]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" metricValueMax="1.2192" metricValueMin="0.9144" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="ft" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 ft</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[710,835,973,994]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.065" metricValueMax="1.22" metricValueMin="0.91" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1.065" valueMax="1.22" valueMin="0.91">0.91–1.22 m</quantity>
|
||
) above ground at each field location (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[335,394,1002,1023]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[147,178,1147,1166]" captionTargetBox="[144,1011,192,1130]" captionTargetId="figure-77@5.[144,1014,192,1130]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Yellow Sticky Board sampling sites on Hawai‘i Island: (1) Koai‘a Tree Sanctuary; (2) Waimea Town; (3) UH Mealani Research Station; (4) Kalōpā State Recreation Area; (5) Kawainui Stream; (6) Kaumana; (7) Hilo Town; (8) Pana‘ewa Zoo; (9) Kurtistown; (10) Pahoa District Park; (11) Pu‘u Huluhulu; (12) Route 200 Saddle Road; (13) Kaimu-Chain of Craters Road; (14) Wright Road, Volcano Village; (15) Hawai‘i Belt Road; (16) Pahala and (17) Whittington Beach Park. Orasema minutissima were sampled at sites 5, 6, and 10 in 2019; at site 8 in 2019-2021; and at site 13 in 2020- 2021 (yellow circles). Satellite image credited to Google Earth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639497/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). After two weeks, the YSBTs were replaced with new traps and specimens stuck to the exposed traps were removed using Aliphatic Naphtha (Crown Brand
|
||
<collectionCode box="[211,229,1059,1080]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.M.&P. NAPHTHA
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[414,426,1059,1073]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">®</superScript>
|
||
), soaked in same solutions for about one hour until all adhesive materials were dissolved, and then air-dried. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1884" box="[764,852,1088,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[764,852,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Orasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were either airdried or chemically dried from ethanol using
|
||
<collectionCode box="[597,666,1117,1138]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">HMDS</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heraty, J. M. & Hawks, D." box="[681,906,1117,1138]" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" pagination="369 - 374" part="109" refId="ref5460" refString="Heraty, J. M. & Hawks, D. 1998. Hexamethyldisilazane: A chemical alternative for drying insects. Entomological News 109: 369 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / BHL. PART. 13421" title="Hexamethyldisilazane: A chemical alternative for drying insects" type="journal article" year="1998">Heraty & Hawks 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and then point-mounted and deposited in either the Entomology Research Museum, University of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[147,247,1175,1196]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Riverside,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[360,392,1175,1196]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[404,471,1175,1196]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
_ENT) or the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[153,222,1203,1224]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
) (Appendix). Individuals were assigned a unique barcode and databased in the Heraty lab FileMaker Pro database.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[147,1006,1290,1541]" lastBlockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis box="[147,255,1290,1311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Sequencing</emphasis>
|
||
. Specimens from 95% ethanol were extracted using DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Valencia,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[362,397,1319,1340]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[406,455,1319,1340]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) with 1 μL RNase A added after incubation. PCR products were purified with DNA Clean & Concentrator-5 kits (Zymo Research, Irvine,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[899,934,1347,1368]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[944,995,1347,1368]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
). PCR product concentrations were determined using Nanodrop 2000c (Thermo Scientific, Waltham,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[242,283,1405,1426]" country="Spain" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15682" name="Real Jardín Botánico" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">MA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[291,342,1405,1426]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Two regions of ribosomal DNA were PCR amplified individually and Sanger-sequenced with the following primer sequences: 28S D2 rDNA (D2-F: CGGGTTGCTTGAGAGTGCAGC; D2-Ra: CTCCTTGGTCCGTGTTTC) and ITS2 (ITS2-F: TGTGAACTGCAGGACACATG; ITS2-
|
||
<collectionCode box="[627,644,1491,1512]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">R</collectionCode>
|
||
2: TCTCGCCTGCTCTGAGGT). The following thermocycler protocol was used: initial denaturization: 94 °C 3 min., 34 cycles Table 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[227,420,207,226]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[227,420,207,226]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Orasema minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens sequenced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,978,258,277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,978,258,277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">specimen id 28S-D2 ITS2 Country size class D number</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,310,329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006319" accessionNumber="KY349472, MW575764" box="[164,928,310,329]" collectionCode="MW" country="Brit. Virgin Islands" location="Brit. Virgin Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="235958" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,310,329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">235958</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,310,329]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349472" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349472</accessionNumber>
|
||
*
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[433,536,310,329]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW575764" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">MW575764</accessionNumber>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,740,310,329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Brit. Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
small 0424
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,335,354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006316" accessionNumber="KY349465, MW575761" box="[164,928,335,354]" collectionCode="MW" country="Saint Lucia" location="St. Lucia" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="235964" specimenCount="1">
|
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<specimenCode box="[164,228,335,354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">235964</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,335,354]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349465" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349465</accessionNumber>
|
||
*
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[433,536,335,354]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW575761" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">MW575761</accessionNumber>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,655,335,354]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
small 0437
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,361,380]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
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|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,361,380]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">235966</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,361,380]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349458" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349458</accessionNumber>
|
||
*
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[433,537,361,380]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW575757" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">MW575757</accessionNumber>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,661,361,380]" name="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
medium 2766
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,387,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006309" box="[164,928,387,406]" country="Dominica" location="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="235967" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,387,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">235967</specimenCode>
|
||
— identical
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,661,387,406]" name="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
medium 2765
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,412,431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006310" accessionNumber="KY349457, MW575758" box="[164,928,412,431]" collectionCode="MW" country="Dominica" location="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="235968" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,412,431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">235968</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,412,431]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349457" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349457</accessionNumber>
|
||
*
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[433,537,412,431]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW575758" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">MW575758</accessionNumber>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,661,412,431]" name="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
medium 2764
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,438,457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006325" box="[164,928,438,457]" country="Dominica" location="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="235969" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,438,457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">235969</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,438,457]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349463" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349463</accessionNumber>
|
||
* identical
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,661,438,457]" name="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
small 2763
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,463,482]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006336" accessionNumber="KY349462, MW575760" box="[164,928,463,482]" collectionCode="MW" country="Dominica" location="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="235970" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,463,482]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">235970</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,463,482]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349462" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349462</accessionNumber>
|
||
*
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[433,536,463,482]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW575760" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">MW575760</accessionNumber>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,661,463,482]" name="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
small 2762
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,489,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006324" accessionNumber="KY349464, MW575762" box="[164,928,489,508]" collectionCode="MW" country="Dominica" location="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="271392" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,489,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">271392</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,489,508]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349464" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349464</accessionNumber>
|
||
*
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[433,536,489,508]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW575762" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">MW575762</accessionNumber>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,661,489,508]" name="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
small 2830
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,515,534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006334" box="[164,928,515,534]" country="Dominica" location="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="271393" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,515,534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">271393</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,515,534]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349459" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349459</accessionNumber>
|
||
* identical
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,661,515,534]" name="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
medium 2831
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,540,559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006307" accessionNumber="KY349456, MW575756" box="[164,928,540,559]" collectionCode="MW" country="Dominica" location="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="271395" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,540,559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">271395</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,540,559]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349456" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349456</accessionNumber>
|
||
*
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[433,536,540,559]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW575756" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">MW575756</accessionNumber>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,661,540,559]" name="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
large 2833
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,566,585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006335" box="[164,928,566,585]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" location="Trinidad" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="412118" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,227,566,585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">412118</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,566,585]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349466" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349466</accessionNumber>
|
||
* identical
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,650,566,585]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
small 3800
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,591,610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006331" accessionNumber="KY349467, MW575763" box="[164,928,591,610]" collectionCode="MW" country="Trinidad and Tobago" location="Trinidad" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="412119" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,227,591,610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">412119</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,591,610]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349467" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349467</accessionNumber>
|
||
*
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[433,537,591,610]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW575763" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">MW575763</accessionNumber>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,650,591,610]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
small 3801
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,617,636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006303" box="[164,928,617,636]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" location="Trinidad" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="412127" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,617,636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">412127</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,617,636]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349469" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349469</accessionNumber>
|
||
* identical
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,650,617,636]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
small 3809
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,643,662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006329" box="[164,928,643,662]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" location="Trinidad" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="412131" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,643,662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">412131</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,376,643,662]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349471" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349471</accessionNumber>
|
||
* identical
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,650,643,662]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
small 3814
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,668,687]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006338" box="[164,928,668,687]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" location="Trinidad" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="412132" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,668,687]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">412132</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,668,687]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349470" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349470</accessionNumber>
|
||
* —
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,650,668,687]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
small 3810
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,694,713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006302" box="[164,928,694,713]" country="Colombia" location="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="447074" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,694,713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">447074</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,694,713]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349473" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349473</accessionNumber>
|
||
* —
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,661,694,713]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
small 4207
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,719,738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006308" accessionNumber="KY349455, MW575755" box="[164,928,719,738]" collectionCode="MW" country="Colombia" location="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="447075" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,719,738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">447075</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,377,719,738]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KY349455" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">KY349455</accessionNumber>
|
||
*
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[433,537,719,738]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW575755" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">MW575755</accessionNumber>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,661,719,738]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
small 4208
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,745,764]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006342" box="[164,928,745,764]" country="Puerto Rico" location="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="456205" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,745,764]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">456205</specimenCode>
|
||
identical identical
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[577,679,745,764]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
small 2808
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,771,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006311" accessionNumber="MW357878" box="[164,928,771,790]" collectionCode="MW" location="Hawai'i" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="468543" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawai'i">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,771,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">468543</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,383,771,790]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW357878" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">MW357878</accessionNumber>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[433,536,771,790]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW357873" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">MW357873</accessionNumber>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[577,646,771,790]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
|
||
small 6943
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" box="[164,928,796,815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006339" accessionNumber="MW357879" box="[164,928,796,815]" collectionCode="MW" location="Hawai'i" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="468544" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawai'i">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[164,228,796,815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">468544</specimenCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[279,383,796,815]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW357879" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">MW357879</accessionNumber>
|
||
identical
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[577,646,796,815]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
|
||
small 6944
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[149,1010,207,943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
28S-D2 GenBank accession numbers marked by an asterisk were used in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, R. A. & Heraty, J. M. & Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L." box="[790,957,847,866]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 107" part="4401" refId="ref4918" refString="Burks, R. A., Heraty, J. M., Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L. 2018. Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae). Zootaxa 4401: 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4401.1.1" title="Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae)" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Burks
|
||
<emphasis box="[848,887,847,866]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; ITS2 accessions are all new. Specimen ID numbers are associated with a prefix
|
||
<collectionCode box="[838,896,873,892]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
_ENT00 and deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode box="[264,324,899,918]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
, with full collection data presented in Appendix 1. D numbers are the DNA voucher codes. Identical refers to sequences that were captured but not deposited in GenBank.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[147,1006,1021,1128]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
(94 °C 1 min.; 55 °C 1 min., 72 °C 1 min.), final extension: 75 °C 7 min. PCR samples were sent to Retrogen Inc (San Diego,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[503,538,1050,1071]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[554,603,1050,1071]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) for Sanger sequencing on an Applied Biosystems 3730xl DNA Analyzer. Deposition of molecular vouchers is indicated in the Material Examined sections. GenBank accession numbers are listed in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[817,888,1107,1128]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[149,199,207,226]" captionText="Table 1. Orasema minutissima specimens sequenced." pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[147,1007,1165,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis box="[147,286,1165,1186]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
. To investigate the different size classes within
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[762,909,1165,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[762,909,1165,1186]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and infer the ant host, measurements were taken for
|
||
<specimenCount box="[557,687,1194,1215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" type="generic">31 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of the total body length (anterior margin of head to apex of gaster) and fore wing length (apex of humeral plate to most distal margin of wing membrane). For specimens from Hawai‘i, all of the small specimens were measured from material that was dried using the
|
||
<collectionCode box="[699,768,1280,1301]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">HMDS</collectionCode>
|
||
method; the two larger specimens were air-dried but this appeared to have minimal impact on body length. Identification numbers for specimens measured are
|
||
<collectionCode box="[657,724,1338,1359]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
_ENT00422315–16, 422320, 468555–67, 468588 (see Appendix for details). Measurements of the Neotropical material included specimens of three size classes (small, medium, large) from across the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[147,301,1424,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[147,301,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[472,698,1424,1445]" name="British Virgin Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">British Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[717,812,1424,1445]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Gorgona Island),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[147,244,1453,1474]" name="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[254,371,1453,1474]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[422,504,1453,1474]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Appendix); all of these specimens were dried with
|
||
<collectionCode box="[147,219,1482,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">HMDS</collectionCode>
|
||
. For the Neotropical specimens, we chose only material that had been sequenced for either 28S-D2 or ITS2 (all with identical sequences) to guarantee that they were all forms with the identical haplotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[512,657,1539,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[512,657,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4639495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639495/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" startId="4.[147,178,811,830]" targetBox="[144,1010,192,791]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[147,1006,811,882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,204,811,830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[210,397,811,830]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[210,397,811,830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Orasema minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[409,424,811,830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
|
||
, habitus of dry-mounted specimen.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[735,749,811,830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
, habitus of ethanol-preserved specimen.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[237,252,837,856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
|
||
, yellow pan trap.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[405,420,837,856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">D</emphasis>
|
||
, portion of YPT sample with numerous
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[760,889,837,856]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[760,889,837,856]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females (yellow arrows).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[261,275,863,882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">E</emphasis>
|
||
, egg punctures (red arrows) in surface of swordfern leaf.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[147,1006,959,1528]" box="[417,735,959,980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<heading allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[417,735,959,980]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" reason="4">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[417,735,959,980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">RESULTS AND DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[147,1006,959,1528]" box="[147,386,988,1009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[147,386,988,1009]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,386,988,1009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Distribution in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[305,386,988,1009]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[147,1006,959,1528]" lastBlockId="5.[147,1005,1377,1427]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
|
||
To date,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[234,381,1017,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[234,381,1017,1038]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only been collected in the vicinity of Hilo on the island of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[147,224,1046,1067]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
|
||
at or near sites 5, 6, 8, 10 and 13 despite continuous trapping at the other sites (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[154,213,1075,1096]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[147,178,1147,1166]" captionTargetBox="[144,1011,192,1130]" captionTargetId="figure-77@5.[144,1014,192,1130]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Yellow Sticky Board sampling sites on Hawai‘i Island: (1) Koai‘a Tree Sanctuary; (2) Waimea Town; (3) UH Mealani Research Station; (4) Kalōpā State Recreation Area; (5) Kawainui Stream; (6) Kaumana; (7) Hilo Town; (8) Pana‘ewa Zoo; (9) Kurtistown; (10) Pahoa District Park; (11) Pu‘u Huluhulu; (12) Route 200 Saddle Road; (13) Kaimu-Chain of Craters Road; (14) Wright Road, Volcano Village; (15) Hawai‘i Belt Road; (16) Pahala and (17) Whittington Beach Park. Orasema minutissima were sampled at sites 5, 6, and 10 in 2019; at site 8 in 2019-2021; and at site 13 in 2020- 2021 (yellow circles). Satellite image credited to Google Earth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639497/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
, Appendix).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Howard)" baseAuthorityName="Howard" box="[338,649,1075,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[338,548,1075,1096]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Orasema minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
(Howard)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first discovered on the island of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[147,224,1103,1124]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
|
||
near Hilo in
|
||
<date box="[367,503,1103,1124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" value="2019-10">October 2019</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[520,580,1103,1124]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[147,178,811,830]" captionTargetBox="[144,1010,192,791]" captionTargetId="figure-302@4.[144,1010,192,791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Orasema minutissima. A, habitus of dry-mounted specimen. B, habitus of ethanol-preserved specimen. C, yellow pan trap. D, portion of YPT sample with numerous O. minutissima females (yellow arrows). E, egg punctures (red arrows) in surface of swordfern leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639495/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) using yellow pan traps (YPTs,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[915,993,1103,1124]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[147,178,811,830]" captionTargetBox="[144,1010,192,791]" captionTargetId="figure-302@4.[144,1010,192,791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Orasema minutissima. A, habitus of dry-mounted specimen. B, habitus of ethanol-preserved specimen. C, yellow pan trap. D, portion of YPT sample with numerous O. minutissima females (yellow arrows). E, egg punctures (red arrows) in surface of swordfern leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639495/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subsequent sampling in
|
||
<date box="[382,539,1132,1153]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" value="2020-09">September 2020</date>
|
||
at two sites on
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[690,767,1132,1153]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island by MTJ found
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in at least half of 24 YPTs at one site and in most of 10 traps at another, with as many as 10 wasps collected in an individual trap, suggesting that the species is well established (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[273,357,1219,1240]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[147,178,811,830]" captionTargetBox="[144,1010,192,791]" captionTargetId="figure-302@4.[144,1010,192,791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Orasema minutissima. A, habitus of dry-mounted specimen. B, habitus of ethanol-preserved specimen. C, yellow pan trap. D, portion of YPT sample with numerous O. minutissima females (yellow arrows). E, egg punctures (red arrows) in surface of swordfern leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639495/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additional collections made during a survey initiated across
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[147,224,1247,1268]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<date box="[252,356,1247,1268]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" value="2019-04">April 2019</date>
|
||
using yellow sticky board traps (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[670,734,1247,1268]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">YSBT</collectionCode>
|
||
) and a different
|
||
<typeStatus box="[889,930,1247,1268]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of YPT recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[247,393,1276,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[247,393,1276,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at 5 out of 17 sites where
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[647,758,1276,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[647,758,1276,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also present (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[934,993,1276,1297]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[147,178,1147,1166]" captionTargetBox="[144,1011,192,1130]" captionTargetId="figure-77@5.[144,1014,192,1130]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Yellow Sticky Board sampling sites on Hawai‘i Island: (1) Koai‘a Tree Sanctuary; (2) Waimea Town; (3) UH Mealani Research Station; (4) Kalōpā State Recreation Area; (5) Kawainui Stream; (6) Kaumana; (7) Hilo Town; (8) Pana‘ewa Zoo; (9) Kurtistown; (10) Pahoa District Park; (11) Pu‘u Huluhulu; (12) Route 200 Saddle Road; (13) Kaimu-Chain of Craters Road; (14) Wright Road, Volcano Village; (15) Hawai‘i Belt Road; (16) Pahala and (17) Whittington Beach Park. Orasema minutissima were sampled at sites 5, 6, and 10 in 2019; at site 8 in 2019-2021; and at site 13 in 2020- 2021 (yellow circles). Satellite image credited to Google Earth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639497/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Of the sites where no
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1884" box="[370,458,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[370,458,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Orasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected, only site 7 (Hilo) and 17 (Whittington Beach Park) are low enough in elevation to also have
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[668,779,1334,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[668,779,1334,1355]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the other sites with no
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1884" box="[147,235,1363,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[147,235,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Orasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are likely too high (>
|
||
<quantity box="[446,522,1363,1384]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
|
||
) to have
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[613,724,1363,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[613,724,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From this limited sampling, it is unclear if the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1884" box="[330,418,1391,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[330,418,1391,1412]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Orasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed only in eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[713,793,1391,1412]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
|
||
, or if it may be more widespread across the island. Mostly females have been recovered, but one male was sampled on a
|
||
<collectionCode box="[244,305,1449,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">YSBT</collectionCode>
|
||
at site 8. Sampling using both YPTs and YSBTs failed to recover these wasps from either O‘ahu or Maui, suggesting that it is established only on the island of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[147,227,1507,1528]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
|
||
, although none of the sites sampled had
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[644,755,1507,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[644,755,1507,1528]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present. This is the first record of a eucharitid wasp in the Hawaiian Islands, and its accidental introduction has the potential to offer some form of biological control over the invasive LFA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4639497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639497/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" startId="5.[147,178,1147,1166]" targetBox="[144,1011,192,1130]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[147,1006,1147,1320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,202,1147,1166]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Yellow Sticky Board sampling sites on Hawai‘i Island: (1) Koai‘a Tree Sanctuary; (2) Waimea Town; (3) UH Mealani Research Station; (4) Kalōpā State Recreation Area; (5) Kawainui Stream; (6) Kaumana; (7) Hilo Town; (8) Pana‘ewa Zoo; (9) Kurtistown; (10) Pahoa District Park; (11) Pu‘u Huluhulu; (12) Route 200 Saddle Road; (13) Kaimu-Chain of Craters Road; (14) Wright Road, Volcano Village; (15) Hawai‘i Belt Road; (16) Pahala and (17) Whittington Beach Park.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Orasema minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were sampled at sites 5, 6, and 10 in 2019; at site 8 in 2019-2021; and at site 13 in 2020-2021 (yellow circles). Satellite image credited to Google Earth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[147,1006,1463,1542]" box="[147,264,1463,1484]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[147,264,1463,1484]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,264,1463,1484]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Sequencing</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[147,1006,1463,1542]" lastBlockId="6.[147,1006,843,980]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Two gene regions, 28S-D2 and ITS2, were sequenced for two of the specimens from Hilo following the protocols and primers outlined in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baker, A. & Heraty, J. M. & Mottern, J. & Zhang, J. & Hines, H. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M." box="[636,831,1521,1542]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 19" part="45" refId="ref4658" refString="Baker, A., Heraty, J. M., Mottern, J., Zhang, J., Hines, H. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M. 2020. Inverse dispersal patterns in a group of ant parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae: Oraseminae) and their ant hosts. Systematic Entomology 45: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12371" title="Inverse dispersal patterns in a group of ant parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae: Oraseminae) and their ant hosts" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Baker
|
||
<emphasis box="[704,757,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, R. A. & Heraty, J. M. & Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L." journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 107" part="4401" refId="ref4918" refString="Burks, R. A., Heraty, J. M., Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L. 2018. Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae). Zootaxa 4401: 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4401.1.1" title="Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae)" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Burks
|
||
<emphasis box="[953,1006,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The second ITS2 read for D6944 was not of high enough quality to deposit on GenBank but was identical for the sequence obtained. The 28S-D2 sequences were identical to other specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[410,556,901,922]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[410,556,901,922]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have been sequenced from the Caribbean and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[190,285,930,951]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Gorgona Island) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, R. A. & Heraty, J. M. & Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L." box="[477,655,930,951]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 107" part="4401" refId="ref4918" refString="Burks, R. A., Heraty, J. M., Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L. 2018. Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae). Zootaxa 4401: 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4401.1.1" title="Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae)" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Burks
|
||
<emphasis box="[544,596,930,951]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and for the ITS2 obtained in this study (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[212,284,959,980]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[149,199,207,226]" captionText="Table 1. Orasema minutissima specimens sequenced." pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4639499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639499/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" startId="6.[144,175,694,713]" targetBox="[152,999,207,662]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[144,1006,694,790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,203,694,713]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Size classes of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[349,538,694,713]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[349,538,694,713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Orasema minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females. Neotropical refers to samples from various islands in the Caribbean and in the Pacific Ocean from Gorgona Island off the coast of Colombia (see Appendix 1). All Neotropical specimens measured were sequenced for 28S-D2, COI and ITS2, and have an identical haplotype (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, R. A. & Heraty, J. M. & Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L." box="[391,541,771,790]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 107" part="4401" refId="ref4918" refString="Burks, R. A., Heraty, J. M., Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L. 2018. Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae). Zootaxa 4401: 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4401.1.1" title="Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae)" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Burks
|
||
<emphasis box="[449,488,771,790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[147,1007,1016,1268]" box="[147,465,1016,1037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[147,465,1016,1037]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,465,1016,1037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Origin of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[248,465,1016,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[248,465,1016,1037]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Orasema minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[147,1007,1016,1268]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
|
||
There have been no purposeful introductions of this wasp to
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[726,806,1045,1066]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
|
||
. It is most likely that they were imported along with a new accidental importation of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[753,864,1074,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[753,864,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Given that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not known to occur in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[509,581,1103,1124]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, it is not likely to have come with the initial population from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[308,380,1131,1152]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, which was the place of origin proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mikheyev, A. S. & Mueller, U. G." journalOrPublisher="Diversity and Distributions" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" pagination="573 - 579" part="13" refId="ref5622" refString="Mikheyev, A. S. & Mueller, U. G. 2007. Genetic relationships between native and introduced populations of the little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata. Diversity and Distributions 13: 573 - 579. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1472 - 4642.2007.00370. x" title="Genetic relationships between native and introduced populations of the little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata" type="journal article" year="2007">Mikheyev & Mueller (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Foucaud, J. & Orivel, J. & Loiseu, A. & Delabie, J. H. C. & Jourdan, H. & Konghouleux, D. & Vonshak, M. & Tindo, M. & Mercier, J. - L. & Fresneau, D. & Mikissa, J. - B. & McGlynn, T. & Mikheyev, A. S. & Oettler, J. & Estoup, A." box="[260,473,1160,1181]" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Applications" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" pagination="363 - 374" part="10" refId="ref5119" refString="Foucaud, J., Orivel, J., Loiseu, A., Delabie, J. H. C., Jourdan, H., Konghouleux, D., Vonshak, M., Tindo, M., Mercier, J. - L., Fresneau, D., Mikissa, J. - B., McGlynn, T., Mikheyev, A. S., Oettler, J. & Estoup, A. 2010. Worldwide invasion by the little fire ant: routes of introduction and eco-evolutionary pathways. Evolutionary Applications 10: 363 - 374. https: // 10.1111 / j. 1752 - 4571.2010.00119. x." title="Worldwide invasion by the little fire ant: routes of introduction and eco-evolutionary pathways" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Foucaud
|
||
<emphasis box="[349,399,1160,1181]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Thus, a separate introduction of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[799,910,1160,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[799,910,1160,1181]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from one of the localities where it is currently distributed, along with its parasitoid, is inferred. However, given that the current gene regions of the wasp have identical haplotypes across the range of the species, no further inference of origin can be made at this time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[147,1006,1304,1556]" box="[147,461,1304,1325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[147,461,1304,1325]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,461,1304,1325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Measurements and size classes</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[147,1006,1304,1556]" lastBlockId="7.[147,1007,195,418]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
|
||
A total of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[259,394,1333,1354]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were measured from Hawai‘i and another 18 from various Neotropical islands (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[345,403,1362,1383]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[144,175,694,713]" captionTargetBox="[152,999,207,662]" captionTargetId="figure-320@6.[144,1008,192,676]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Size classes of Orasema minutissima females. Neotropical refers to samples from various islands in the Caribbean and in the Pacific Ocean from Gorgona Island off the coast of Colombia (see Appendix 1). All Neotropical specimens measured were sequenced for 28S-D2, COI and ITS2, and have an identical haplotype (Burks et al. 2018 and this study)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639499/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). All but two of the specimens from Hawai‘i fell into the small size morph class, which is associated with parasitism of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Burks et al. 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Burks" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[697,1002,1391,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[697,808,1391,1412]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, R. A. & Heraty, J. M. & Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L." box="[822,995,1391,1412]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 107" part="4401" refId="ref4918" refString="Burks, R. A., Heraty, J. M., Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L. 2018. Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae). Zootaxa 4401: 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4401.1.1" title="Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae)" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Burks
|
||
<emphasis box="[887,937,1391,1412]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two larger sized specimens appear to be intermediate in size to the medium and large morphs from the Neotropical material (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[545,607,1448,1469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[144,175,694,713]" captionTargetBox="[152,999,207,662]" captionTargetId="figure-320@6.[144,1008,192,676]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Size classes of Orasema minutissima females. Neotropical refers to samples from various islands in the Caribbean and in the Pacific Ocean from Gorgona Island off the coast of Colombia (see Appendix 1). All Neotropical specimens measured were sequenced for 28S-D2, COI and ITS2, and have an identical haplotype (Burks et al. 2018 and this study)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639499/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The number of measurements for the Neotropical specimens is meager, but we felt it important to only measure sequenced specimens, as closely related species in the complex can be difficult to separate based on morphology alone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, R. A. & Heraty, J. M. & Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L." box="[340,518,1535,1556]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 107" part="4401" refId="ref4918" refString="Burks, R. A., Heraty, J. M., Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L. 2018. Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae). Zootaxa 4401: 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4401.1.1" title="Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae)" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Burks
|
||
<emphasis box="[407,459,1535,1556]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larger samples from the Caribbean support the separation of size classes, but the large and medium classes are rarely sampled. Pupae of the small size class have been found only with with brood of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[726,837,224,245]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[726,837,224,245]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Caribbean. A single pupa of a medium-size morph was recovered from a nest of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[889,974,253,274]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[889,974,253,274]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[147,244,282,303]" name="Dominica" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and in an area where both the medium and large morph specimens were collected. We assume that the medium and large size classes are associated with different castes of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[234,319,339,360]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[234,319,339,360]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On Hawai‘i, we assume that the larger size class also indicates an association with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[269,354,368,389]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[269,354,368,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, it is also possible that they are developing on the queen brood of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[236,347,397,418]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[236,347,397,418]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="14" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[147,1006,454,965]" box="[147,264,454,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[147,264,454,475]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,264,454,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Host plants</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[147,1006,454,965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[174,254,483,504]" name="Jamaica" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[264,475,483,504]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[264,475,483,504]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Orasema minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Jacq.) Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chamissoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[733,934,483,504]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Chamissoa altissima</emphasis>
|
||
(Jacq.) Kunth
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[223,378,512,533]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Aubl.) Beauv." authorityName="Beauv." baseAuthorityName="Aubl." box="[397,759,512,533]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Gynerium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagittatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[397,603,512,533]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Gynerium sagittatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Аubl.) Beauv.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Роасеае) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="H.M.Hernandez" authorityYear="1987" box="[916,1005,512,533]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Zapoteca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[916,1005,512,533]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Zapoteca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis box="[157,236,541,562]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">formosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Kunth) H.M. Herm. (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[453,548,541,562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), although no oviposition was observed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heraty, J. M." bookContentInfo="332 pp." editor="Williams, D. F." journalOrPublisher="Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" pagination="104 - 120" refId="ref5293" refString="Heraty, J. M. 1994 a. Biology and importance of two eucharitid parasites of Wasmannia and Solenopsis, pp. 104 - 120. In: Williams, D. F. (ed.) Exotic Ants: Biology, Impact and Control of Introduced Species. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 332 pp." title="Biology and importance of two eucharitid parasites of Wasmannia and Solenopsis" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Exotic Ants: Biology, Impact and Control of Introduced Species" year="1994">Heraty 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, R. A. & Heraty, J. M. & Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L." box="[218,386,570,591]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 107" part="4401" refId="ref4918" refString="Burks, R. A., Heraty, J. M., Dominguez, C. & Mottern, J. L. 2018. Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae). Zootaxa 4401: 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4401.1.1" title="Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae)" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Burks
|
||
<emphasis box="[280,329,570,591]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[427,524,570,591]" name="Dominica" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the small morph has been observed to oviposit on ferns (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(J. E. Smith) Moore" authorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityName="J. E. Smith" box="[213,571,599,620]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cyatheaceae" genus="Cyathea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cyatheales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[213,364,599,620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Cyathea tenera</emphasis>
|
||
(J.E. Smith) Moore
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Cyathaceae;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Schott" authorityName="Schott" box="[713,1002,599,620]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biserrata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[713,928,599,620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Nephrolepis biserrata</emphasis>
|
||
Schott
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[147,290,627,648]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polypodiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Vahl) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Vahl" box="[300,632,627,648]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opposita">
|
||
<emphasis box="[300,498,627,648]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Thelypteris opposita</emphasis>
|
||
(Vahl) Ching
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[642,811,627,648]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), whereas the larger size morphs preferentially oviposit on a variety of short (6–12" high) broad-leaf plants (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[155,333,685,706]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Coccoloba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uvifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[155,333,685,706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Coccoloba uvifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[372,505,685,706]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Aublet" authorityName="Aublet" box="[519,766,685,706]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Simaroubaceae" genus="Simarouba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amara">
|
||
<emphasis box="[519,693,685,706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Simarouba amara</emphasis>
|
||
Aublet
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.P.de Candolle" authorityYear="1811" box="[775,925,685,706]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Simaroubaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Simaroubaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; miscellaneous
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[227,316,714,735]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[366,471,714,735]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Single eggs are deposited into excavations made into the leaf surface by the enlarged ovipositor (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[562,635,743,764]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[147,178,811,830]" captionTargetBox="[144,1010,192,791]" captionTargetId="figure-302@4.[144,1010,192,791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Orasema minutissima. A, habitus of dry-mounted specimen. B, habitus of ethanol-preserved specimen. C, yellow pan trap. D, portion of YPT sample with numerous O. minutissima females (yellow arrows). E, egg punctures (red arrows) in surface of swordfern leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639495/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the punctures usually surrounded by a brown scarring of the leaf tissue. In east Hawai‘i, egg punctures, eggs and planidia have been found on alien swordfern (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Desv.) Hovenkamp & Miyam." authorityName="Hovenkamp & Miyam." baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[501,1003,800,821]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brownii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[501,697,800,821]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Nephrolepis brownii</emphasis>
|
||
(Desv.) Hovenkamp & Miyam.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[147,289,829,850]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polypodiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[311,386,829,850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[147,178,811,830]" captionTargetBox="[144,1010,192,791]" captionTargetId="figure-302@4.[144,1010,192,791]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Orasema minutissima. A, habitus of dry-mounted specimen. B, habitus of ethanol-preserved specimen. C, yellow pan trap. D, portion of YPT sample with numerous O. minutissima females (yellow arrows). E, egg punctures (red arrows) in surface of swordfern leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639495/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
), a ground fern with large-lobed fronds (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Langsdorff & Fischer) S. B. Andrews" authorityName="S. B. Andrews" baseAuthorityName="Langsdorff & Fischer" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Microsorum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grossum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[798,1005,829,850]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Microsorum grossum</emphasis>
|
||
(Langsdorff & Fischer) S.B. Andrews
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[535,679,858,879]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polypodiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and strawberry guava (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sabine" authorityName="Sabine" authorityYear="1821" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cattleyanum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Psidium cattleyanum</emphasis>
|
||
Sabine
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[350,453,887,908]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) at the Keauohana Forest Reserve site. While the oviposition scars may cause some cosmetic damage when numbers are high, the leaves usually recover as they mature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[147,425,1001,1022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[147,1006,1001,1512]" box="[147,425,1001,1022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[147,425,1001,1022]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,425,1001,1022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Biological control potential</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[147,1006,1001,1512]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heraty, J. M." bookContentInfo="332 pp." box="[147,294,1031,1052]" editor="Williams, D. F." journalOrPublisher="Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" pagination="104 - 120" refId="ref5293" refString="Heraty, J. M. 1994 a. Biology and importance of two eucharitid parasites of Wasmannia and Solenopsis, pp. 104 - 120. In: Williams, D. F. (ed.) Exotic Ants: Biology, Impact and Control of Introduced Species. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 332 pp." title="Biology and importance of two eucharitid parasites of Wasmannia and Solenopsis" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Exotic Ants: Biology, Impact and Control of Introduced Species" year="1994">Heraty (1994a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[441,588,1031,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[441,588,1031,1052]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was one of the few species that may have an impact as a biological control agent against
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[611,722,1059,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[611,722,1059,1080]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. When present, especially in moist island habitats in the Caribbean,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[527,673,1088,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[527,673,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be extremely common. However, their impact on the ant population numbers has not yet been assessed within an experimental framework. Their purposeful importation as a biological control agent to other islands, especially to islands in the Pacific, has not been implemented. The primary issues for treating this as a coordinated biological control effort lie with the difficulty of transport and a need for quarantining with the capability for continuous rearing to test for negative impacts against native species. With regard to the Hawaiian introduction, there are no native myrmicine ants on any of the Hawaiian Islands, and in any case
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burks" authorityYear="1979" box="[891,1006,1290,1311]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oraseminae">Oraseminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are specific only to that ant subfamily (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Murray, E. & Carmichael, A. E. & Heraty, J. M." box="[516,698,1319,1340]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society, B" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" pagination="20130495" part="280" refId="ref5677" refString="Murray, E., Carmichael, A. E. & Heraty, J. M. 2013. Ancient host shifts followed by host conservatism in a group of ant parasitoids. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 280: 20130495. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2013.0495" title="Ancient host shifts followed by host conservatism in a group of ant parasitoids" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Murray
|
||
<emphasis box="[595,643,1319,1340]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baker, A. & Heraty, J. M. & Mottern, J. & Zhang, J. & Hines, H. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M." box="[707,873,1319,1340]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 19" part="45" refId="ref4658" refString="Baker, A., Heraty, J. M., Mottern, J., Zhang, J., Hines, H. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M. 2020. Inverse dispersal patterns in a group of ant parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae: Oraseminae) and their ant hosts. Systematic Entomology 45: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12371" title="Inverse dispersal patterns in a group of ant parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae: Oraseminae) and their ant hosts" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Baker
|
||
<emphasis box="[769,817,1319,1340]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The impacts of cosmetic damage to native vegetation will likely be minimal, but this should be assessed in the future. It will be necessary to sample for presence of the wasp on island locations that have
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[342,453,1405,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[342,453,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present to assess the presence and spread of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1884" box="[911,999,1405,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[911,999,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Orasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[245,390,1434,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,390,1434,1455]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">O. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been discovered at a time where the spread of the parasitoid and its impact on
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[324,435,1463,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[324,435,1463,1484]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Wasmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and potentially
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[601,686,1463,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[601,686,1463,1484]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, can be monitored to see if they have any effect on lowering population densities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[147,603,800,821]" box="[147,603,800,821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[147,603,800,821]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,597,800,821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Appendix. Material examined for this study</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[147,1007,858,1286]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,411,858,877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[147,411,858,877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Hawaiian Material Examined</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode box="[528,585,858,877]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectionCode box="[612,673,858,877]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
, with
|
||
<collectionCode box="[723,781,858,877]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
_ENT00 code [abbreviated
|
||
<collectionCode box="[147,180,883,902]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC</collectionCode>
|
||
]; DNA number = Dxxxx):
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006317" accessionNumber="UC422320, UC468543, UC468544, UC468555" collectedFrom="along boundary between lawn and forest, YPT, 0406.19" collectingDate="2019-10-14" collectingDateMax="2019-10-17" collectingDateMin="2019-10-14" collectionCode="BPBM, UCRC" collectorName="Valle Rogers" country="United States of America" elevation="112" latitude="19.698889" location="Hawai'i I.: Hilo," longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Hilo" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="D6943, UC468555-57" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="6" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[432,764,883,902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[432,477,883,902]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[492,656,883,902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Hawaiian Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD9FFD6DE99FCA9FCC88CB2" box="[670,824,883,902]" country="United States of America" latitude="19.698889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Hilo" name="Hawai'i I.: Hilo," pageId="10" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands">Hawai‘i I.: Hilo,</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[833,893,883,902]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="112.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[833,893,883,902]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="112.0">112 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[907,1005,883,902]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="52" value="19.697777">19°41'52"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[147,260,909,928]" degrees="155" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-155.09555">155°05'44"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[270,405,909,928]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2019-10-14" valueMax="2019-10-17" valueMin="2019-10-14">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[270,405,909,928]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2019-10-14" valueMax="2019-10-17" valueMin="2019-10-14">14-17 Oct 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[414,524,909,928]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Valle Rogers</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom box="[533,1005,909,928]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">along boundary between lawn and forest, YPT, 0406.19</collectedFrom>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[152,180,935,954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[190,252,935,954]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[259,354,935,954]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC422320" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC422320</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[362,423,935,954]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[430,522,935,954]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC468543" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC468543</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[534,590,935,954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[534,590,935,954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">D6943</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[608,700,935,954]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC468544" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC468544</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[712,769,935,954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[712,769,935,954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">D6943</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCode box="[786,915,935,954]" collectionCode="UC" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC468555–57</specimenCode>
|
||
].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006337" accessionNumber="UC422320, UC468543, UC468544, UC468555" collectedFrom="vegetation along outside fence" collectingDate="2020-09-18" collectingDateMax="2020-09-18" collectingDateMin="2019-10-14" collectionCode="YPT, BPBM, UCRC" collectorName="M. T. Johnson" country="United States of America" county="Kalapana" elevation="108" latitude="19.698889" location="Hilo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Hilo" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="UC422386-95, UC499508-20" specimenCount="23" specimenCount-female="23" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD9FFD6DF99FC7DFC358C8E" box="[926,965,935,954]" country="United States of America" county="Kalapana" latitude="19.698889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Hilo" name="Hilo" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Hawaii">Hilo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="108.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="108.0">108 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[174,272,960,979]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="56" value="19.698889">19°41'56"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[279,393,960,979]" degrees="155" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-155.09583">155°05'45"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[401,510,960,979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-09-18">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[401,510,960,979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-09-18">18 Sep 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[519,636,960,979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">M.T. Johnson</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom box="[644,903,960,979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">vegetation along outside fence</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[911,950,960,979]" collectionName="YPT" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">YPT</collectionCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[962,1000,960,979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="female">23♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[147,209,986,1005]" collectionName="USA, Hawaii, Honolulu, Bernice P. Bishop Museum" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode box="[216,341,986,1005]" collectionCode="UC" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC422386–95</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[349,410,986,1005]" collectionName="USA, California, Riverside, University of California" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode box="[417,545,986,1005]" collectionCode="UC" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC499508–20</specimenCode>
|
||
].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006305" accessionNumber="UC422320, UC468543, UC468544, UC468555" collectingDate="2020-11-28" collectingDateMax="2020-12-12" collectingDateMin="2020-11-28" collectionCode="YBST, UCRC" collectorName="W. D. Perreira" country="United States of America" county="Kalapana" elevation="0" latitude="19.698889" location="Chain of Craters Road, mi 21" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Kaimu" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="UC4995722-38" specimenCount="17" specimenCount-female="17" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[557,636,986,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Kalapana</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[644,702,986,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Kaimu</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD9FFD6DEC1FC00FC458CD9" box="[710,949,986,1005]" country="United States of America" county="Kalapana" latitude="19.698889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Kaimu" name="Chain of Craters Road, mi 21" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Hawaii">
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||
Chain of Craters Road, mi
|
||
<quantity box="[927,1002,986,1005]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.118" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="21.18">
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||
21,
|
||
<elevation box="[958,1002,986,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">18 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
</location>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[147,245,1011,1030]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="40" value="19.36111">19°21'40"N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[250,363,1011,1030]" degrees="154" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-154.97722">154°58'38"W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<date box="[371,551,1011,1030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-11-28" valueMax="2020-12-12" valueMin="2020-11-28">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[371,551,1011,1030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-11-28" valueMax="2020-12-12" valueMin="2020-11-28">28 Nov–12 Dec 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[558,674,1011,1030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">W.D. Perreira</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[681,735,1011,1030]" collectionName="YBST" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">YBST</collectionCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[744,782,1011,1030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="female">17♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[792,853,1011,1030]" collectionName="USA, California, Riverside, University of California" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode box="[859,998,1011,1030]" collectionCode="UC" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC4995722–38</specimenCode>
|
||
].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006320" accessionNumber="UC422320, UC468543, UC468544, UC468555" collectingDate="2020-05-28" collectingDateMax="2020-06-08" collectingDateMin="2020-05-28" collectionCode="YSBT, UCRC" collectorName="W. D. Perreira" country="United States of America" county="Kalapana" elevation="434" latitude="19.698889" location="Kaumana Dr." longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Hilo" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="UC468555-57" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD9FFD6DC94FBD7FEF98B14" box="[147,265,1037,1056]" country="United States of America" county="Kalapana" latitude="19.698889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Hilo" name="Kaumana Dr." pageId="10" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Hawaii">Kaumana Dr.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[276,335,1037,1056]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.34" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="434.0">
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||
<elevation box="[276,335,1037,1056]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.34" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="434.0">434 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[347,446,1037,1056]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="52" value="19.68111">19°40'52"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[455,568,1037,1056]" degrees="155" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-155.15555">155°09'20"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[581,761,1037,1056]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-05-28" valueMax="2020-06-08" valueMin="2020-05-28">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[581,761,1037,1056]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-05-28" valueMax="2020-06-08" valueMin="2020-05-28">28 May–8 Jun 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[773,893,1037,1056]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">W.D. Perreira</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[904,958,1037,1056]" collectionName="YSBT" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">YSBT</collectionCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[974,1000,1037,1056]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[147,208,1063,1082]" collectionName="USA, California, Riverside, University of California" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[217,309,1063,1082]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC468563" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC468563</accessionNumber>
|
||
(large form)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006343" accessionNumber="UC422320, UC468543, UC468544, UC468555" collectingDate="2019-10-26" collectingDateMax="2019-11-09" collectingDateMin="2019-10-26" collectionCode="YSBT, UCRC" collectorName="W. D. Perreira" country="United States of America" county="Kalapana" elevation="65" latitude="19.698889" location="Kawainui Stream" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Hilo" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="UC468555-57" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD9FFD6DDBFFBFDFDBE8B0E" box="[440,590,1063,1082]" country="United States of America" county="Kalapana" latitude="19.698889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Hilo" name="Kawainui Stream" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Hawaii">Kawainui Stream</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[601,640,1063,1082]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="65.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[601,640,1063,1082]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="65.0">65m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[651,750,1063,1082]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="13" value="19.820278">19°49'13"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[757,870,1063,1082]" degrees="155" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-155.095">155°05'42"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2019-10-26" valueMax="2019-11-09" valueMin="2019-10-26">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2019-10-26" valueMax="2019-11-09" valueMin="2019-10-26">26 Oct–9 Nov 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[204,327,1088,1107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">W.D. Perreira</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[340,394,1088,1107]" collectionName="YSBT" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">YSBT</collectionCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[411,437,1088,1107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[453,514,1088,1107]" collectionName="USA, California, Riverside, University of California" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[527,624,1088,1107]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC468558" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC468558</accessionNumber>
|
||
].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006301" accessionNumber="UC422320, UC468543, UC468544, UC468555" collectingDate="2020-02-29" collectingDateMax="2020-03-14" collectingDateMin="2020-02-29" collectionCode="YSBT, BPBM" collectorName="W. D. Perreira" country="United States of America" county="Kalapana" elevation="200" latitude="19.698889" location="Pahoa District Park" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Hilo" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="UC422315-16" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD9FFD6DE85FB9AFCC38B67" box="[642,819,1088,1107]" country="United States of America" county="Kalapana" latitude="19.698889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Hilo" name="Pahoa District Park" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Hawaii">Pahoa District Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[832,892,1088,1107]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="200.0">
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||
<elevation box="[832,892,1088,1107]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
|
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[907,1005,1088,1107]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="35" value="19.493055">19°29'35"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[147,261,1114,1133]" degrees="154" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-154.9475">154°56'51"W</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<date box="[271,458,1114,1133]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-02-29" valueMax="2020-03-14" valueMin="2020-02-29">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[271,458,1114,1133]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-02-29" valueMax="2020-03-14" valueMin="2020-02-29">29 Feb–14 Mar 2020</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[468,588,1114,1133]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">W.D. Perreira</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[598,652,1114,1133]" collectionName="YSBT" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">YSBT</collectionCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[664,692,1114,1133]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[705,767,1114,1133]" collectionName="USA, Hawaii, Honolulu, Bernice P. Bishop Museum" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode box="[777,901,1114,1133]" collectionCode="UC" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC422315–16</specimenCode>
|
||
(16 = large form)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006304" accessionNumber="UC422320, UC468543, UC468544, UC468555" box="[213,1006,1139,1158]" collectingDate="2020-06-08" collectingDateMax="2020-06-22" collectingDateMin="2020-06-08" collectionCode="YSBT" collectorName="W. D. Perreira" country="United States of America" county="Kalapana" elevation="200" latitude="19.698889" location="Pahoa District Park" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Hilo" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="UC468555-57" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="6" stateProvince="Hawaii">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD9FFD6DCD2FBA9FE8D8BB2" box="[213,381,1139,1158]" country="United States of America" county="Kalapana" latitude="19.698889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.09583" municipality="Hilo" name="Pahoa District Park" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Hawaii">Pahoa District Park</location>
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||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[391,447,1139,1158]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="200.0">
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||
<elevation box="[391,447,1139,1158]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[457,556,1139,1158]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="35" value="19.493055">19°29'35"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[563,677,1139,1158]" degrees="154" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-154.9475">154°56'51"W</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<date box="[686,815,1139,1158]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-06-08" valueMax="2020-06-22" valueMin="2020-06-08">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[686,815,1139,1158]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-06-08" valueMax="2020-06-22" valueMin="2020-06-08">8–22 Jun 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[824,943,1139,1158]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">W.D. Perreira</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[952,1006,1139,1158]" collectionName="YSBT" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">YSBT</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006313" accessionNumber="UC468559" box="[147,401,1165,1184]" collectingDate="2020-01-08" collectingDateMax="2020-12-27" collectingDateMin="2020-01-08" collectionCode="UCRC, YSBT" collectorName="W. D. Perreira" country="United States of America" elevation="35" latitude="19.321112" location="Pana'ewa Zoo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.0711" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="UC468559-61" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands">
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[153,180,1165,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[193,254,1165,1184]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode box="[264,392,1165,1184]" collectionCode="UC" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[264,361,1165,1184]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC468559" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC468559</accessionNumber>
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||
–61
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006332" accessionNumber="UC468559" collectingDate="2020-01-08" collectingDateMax="2020-12-27" collectingDateMin="2020-01-08" collectionCode="YSBT, UCRC" collectorName="W. D. Perreira" country="United States of America" elevation="35" latitude="19.321112" location="Pana'ewa Zoo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.0711" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="UC499539-79" specimenCount="41" specimenCount-female="40" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands">
|
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD9FFD6DD90FB57FDE48B94" box="[407,532,1165,1184]" country="United States of America" latitude="19.321112" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.0711" name="Pana'ewa Zoo" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands">Pana‘ewa Zoo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[542,589,1165,1184]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="35.0">
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<elevation box="[542,589,1165,1184]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
|
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<geoCoordinate box="[601,699,1165,1184]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="16" value="19.321112">19°19'16"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[707,821,1165,1184]" degrees="155" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="16" value="-155.0711">155°04'16"W</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<date box="[831,1002,1165,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-12-27" valueMax="2020-01-08" valueMin="2020-12-27">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[831,1002,1165,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-12-27" valueMax="2020-01-08" valueMin="2020-12-27">27 Dec–8 Jan 2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[147,274,1191,1210]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">W.D. Perreira</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[289,343,1191,1210]" collectionName="YSBT" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">YSBT</collectionCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[361,401,1191,1210]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="female">40♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[414,440,1191,1210]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[459,520,1191,1210]" collectionName="USA, California, Riverside, University of California" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode box="[536,666,1191,1210]" collectionCode="UC" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC499539–79</specimenCode>
|
||
].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006328" accessionNumber="UC468559" collectingDate="2020-06-08" collectingDateMax="2020-06-20" collectingDateMin="2020-06-08" collectionCode="YSBT, UCRC" collectorName="W. D. Perreira" country="United States of America" elevation="35" latitude="19.321112" location="Pana'ewa Zoo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.0711" municipality="Hwy" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="UC468559-61" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD9FFD6DEA8FB7DFCC38B8E" box="[687,819,1191,1210]" country="United States of America" latitude="19.321112" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.0711" municipality="Hwy" name="Pana'ewa Zoo" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands">Pana‘ewa Zoo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[836,889,1191,1210]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="35.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[836,889,1191,1210]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[905,1005,1191,1210]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="16" value="19.321112">19°19'16"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[147,260,1216,1235]" degrees="155" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="16" value="-155.0711">155°04'16"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[270,398,1216,1235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-06-08" valueMax="2020-06-20" valueMin="2020-06-08">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[270,398,1216,1235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-06-08" valueMax="2020-06-20" valueMin="2020-06-08">8–20 Jun 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[408,526,1216,1235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">W.D. Perreira</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[535,589,1216,1235]" collectionName="YSBT" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">YSBT</collectionCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[602,628,1216,1235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[640,701,1216,1235]" collectionName="USA, California, Riverside, University of California" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[710,807,1216,1235]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC468562" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC468562</accessionNumber>
|
||
].
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[820,861,1216,1235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Hwy</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
130,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006315" accessionNumber="UC468559" collectedFrom="along forest edge" collectingDate="2020-09-25" collectingDateMax="2020-12-27" collectingDateMin="2020-01-08" collectionCode="YPT, BPBM, UCRC" collectorName="M. T. Johnson" country="United States of America" elevation="240" latitude="19.321112" location="Keauohana For. Res." longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.0711" municipality="Hwy" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="UC422317-19, UC499501-507" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD9FFD6DF88FB1AFF108BD9" country="United States of America" latitude="19.321112" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-155.0711" municipality="Hwy" name="Keauohana For. Res." pageId="10" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Hawaiian Islands">Keauohana For. Res.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[232,286,1242,1261]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="240.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[232,286,1242,1261]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="240.0">240 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[295,393,1242,1261]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="51" value="19.414165">19°24'51"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[398,511,1242,1261]" degrees="154" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-154.95222">154°57'08"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[520,627,1242,1261]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-09-25">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[520,627,1242,1261]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2020-09-25">25 Sep 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[635,751,1242,1261]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">M.T. Johnson</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom box="[759,905,1242,1261]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">along forest edge</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[912,951,1242,1261]" collectionName="YPT" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">YPT</collectionCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[962,1000,1242,1261]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[147,209,1267,1286]" collectionName="USA, Hawaii, Honolulu, Bernice P. Bishop Museum" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode box="[216,342,1267,1286]" collectionCode="UC" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC422317–19</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[351,412,1267,1286]" collectionName="USA, California, Riverside, University of California" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode box="[419,558,1267,1286]" collectionCode="UC" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC499501–507</specimenCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[147,1006,1322,1494]" lastBlockId="11.[147,1006,195,573]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,433,1322,1341]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Neotropical Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||
(deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode box="[557,616,1322,1341]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
, with
|
||
<collectionCode box="[670,728,1322,1341]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="University or college">UCRC</collectionCode>
|
||
_ENT00 code [abbreviated
|
||
<collectionCode box="[964,997,1322,1341]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC</collectionCode>
|
||
], unless otherwise indicated; DNA number = Dxxxx followed by size class:s = small, m = medium, l = large; coordinates in italics estimated from google earth):
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006326" collectedFrom="nr. toilets" collectingDate="1993-01-08" collectingDateMax="1993-12-10" collectingDateMin="1993-01-08" collectingMethod="flight intercept trap 4" collectionCode="D" collectorName="M. A. Ivie & T. Hughes" country="British Virgin Islands" latitude="18.403889" location="Mt. Sage Nat. Pk." longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-64.660835" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="D0424s" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[575,848,1373,1392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[575,770,1373,1392]" name="British Virgin Islands" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">British Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[779,841,1373,1392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[779,841,1373,1392]" name="British Virgin Islands" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Tortola</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD9FFD6DF53FA87FC1B8A44" box="[852,1003,1373,1392]" country="British Virgin Islands" latitude="18.403889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-64.660835" name="Mt. Sage Nat. Pk." pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Mt. Sage Nat. Pk.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD9FFD6DC94FAADFF118ABE" box="[147,225,1399,1418]" country="British Virgin Islands" latitude="18.403889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-64.660835" name="Sage Mt." pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Sage Mt.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[232,331,1399,1418]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="14" value="18.403889">18°24'14"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[336,439,1399,1418]" degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-64.660835">64°39'39"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[447,610,1399,1418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="1993-12-10" valueMax="1993-01-08" valueMin="1993-12-10">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[447,610,1399,1418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="1993-12-10" valueMax="1993-01-08" valueMin="1993-12-10">10 Dec–8 Jan 1993</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[618,701,1399,1418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">M.A. Ivie</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName box="[727,814,1399,1418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">T. Hughes</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom box="[822,902,1399,1418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">nr. toilets</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod pageId="10" pageNumber="17">flight intercept trap #4</collectingMethod>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[261,287,1424,1443]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[298,390,1424,1443]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC235958" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC235958</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[403,468,1424,1443]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[403,468,1424,1443]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">D0424s</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006341" collectingDate="2001-03-06" collectingDateMax="2001-03-22" collectingDateMin="2001-03-06" collectingMethod="Malaise trap, M. 1476" collectionCode="D" collectorName="H. Torres" country="Colombia" elevation="5" latitude="2.9666667" location="El Saman" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.183334" municipality="PNN Gorgona" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="D4208" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Cauca">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[494,657,1424,1443]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[494,585,1424,1443]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[594,650,1424,1443]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[594,650,1424,1443]" country="Colombia" name="Cauca" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Cauca</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[663,787,1424,1443]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">PNN Gorgona</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD9FFD6DF1BFA4AFC808A97" box="[796,880,1424,1443]" country="Colombia" latitude="2.9666667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.183334" municipality="PNN Gorgona" name="El Saman" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Cauca">El Saman</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[889,918,1424,1443]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="5.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[889,918,1424,1443]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="5.0">5m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[928,1005,1424,1443]" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="0" value="2.9666667">2°58'0"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[147,238,1450,1469]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-78.183334">78°11'0"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[252,395,1450,1469]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2001-03-06" valueMax="2001-03-22" valueMin="2001-03-06">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[252,395,1450,1469]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2001-03-06" valueMax="2001-03-22" valueMin="2001-03-06">6–22 Mar 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[409,494,1450,1469]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">H. Torres</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod box="[508,699,1450,1469]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Malaise trap, M.1476</collectingMethod>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[717,743,1450,1469]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[759,851,1450,1469]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC447075" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">UC447075</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[868,933,1450,1469]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[868,926,1450,1469]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">D4208</specimenCode>
|
||
s
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006314" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
PNN Gorgona, El Saman,
|
||
<quantity box="[322,356,1475,1494]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[365,442,1475,1494]" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="0" value="2.9666667">2°58'0"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[447,539,1475,1494]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-78.183334">78°11'0"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[548,683,1475,1494]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2001-05-07" valueMax="2001-05-25" valueMin="2001-05-07">7–25 May 2001</date>
|
||
, H. Duque, malaise trap, M.1844 [
|
||
<specimenCount box="[974,1000,1475,1494]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[147,238,195,214]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC447074" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[147,176,195,214]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC</collectionCode>
|
||
447074
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[253,318,195,214]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D4207s</emphasis>
|
||
)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006333" collectedFrom="rainforest" collectingDate="2009-05-15" collectingMethod="sweep, H 09 - 018" collectionCode="D" collectorName="J. Heraty" country="Dominica" elevation="337" latitude="15.441389" location="Central Forest Reserve" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.327778" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="D2762s" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[344,437,195,214]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[344,433,195,214]" name="Dominica" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD8FFD7DDBBFF19FD718FE2" box="[444,641,195,214]" country="Dominica" latitude="15.441389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.327778" name="Central Forest Reserve" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Central Forest Reserve</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[652,708,195,214]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.37" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="337.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[652,708,195,214]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.37" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="337.0">337 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[719,818,195,214]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="29" value="15.441389">15°26'29"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[825,928,195,214]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-61.327778">61°19'40"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2009-05-15">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2009-05-15">15 May 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[203,284,221,240]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">J. Heraty</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom box="[296,378,221,240]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">rainforest</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod box="[390,532,221,240]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">sweep, H09-018</collectingMethod>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[549,575,221,240]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[589,681,221,240]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC235970" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC235970</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[698,762,221,240]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[698,762,221,240]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D2762s</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006340" collectingDate="2010-05-14" collectionCode="D2830s, D" collectorName="J. Heraty" elevation="390" latitude="15.531944" location="Northern Forest Reserve Sympa trail (upper site)" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.359722" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="H10-016, (D2831m" specimenCount="2836" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-larva="2833">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD8FFD7DF10FF07FE948E3E" latitude="15.531944" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.359722" name="Northern Forest Reserve Sympa trail (upper site)" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Northern Forest Reserve Sympa trail (upper site)</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[368,426,247,266]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="390.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[368,426,247,266]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="390.0">390 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[438,537,247,266]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="55" value="15.531944">15°31'55"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[545,648,247,266]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-61.359722">61°21'35"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[660,781,247,266]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2010-05-14">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[660,781,247,266]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2010-05-14">14 May 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[793,873,247,266]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">J. Heraty</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[884,958,247,266]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">H10-016</specimenCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[973,1000,247,266]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[147,239,272,291]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC271392" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC271392</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[252,317,272,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[252,317,272,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D2830s</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[336,428,272,291]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC271393" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC271393</accessionNumber>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[435,516,272,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[441,516,272,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
D
|
||
<quantity box="[456,516,272,291]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.831" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="2831.0">2831m</quantity>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[535,627,272,291]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC271395" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC271395</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[640,703,272,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[640,655,272,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[655,703,272,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" type="larva">2833l</specimenCount>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006321" collectedFrom="rainforest" collectingDate="2009-05-16" collectingMethod="sweep, H 09 - 019" collectionCode="D" collectorName="J. Heraty" elevation="290" latitude="15.239167" location="Sulphur Springs, pools trail" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.34722" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="D2766m, D2765m" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD8FFD7DEDEFECAFC358E17" box="[729,965,272,291]" latitude="15.239167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.34722" name="Sulphur Springs, pools trail" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Sulphur Springs, pools trail</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="290.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="290.0">290 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[177,276,298,317]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="21" value="15.239167">15°14'21"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[284,387,298,317]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-61.34722">61°20'50"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[399,520,298,317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2009-05-16">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[399,520,298,317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2009-05-16">16 May 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[532,612,298,317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">J. Heraty</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom box="[623,705,298,317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">rainforest</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod box="[717,857,298,317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">sweep, H09-019</collectingMethod>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[872,899,298,317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[913,1005,298,317]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC235966" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC235966</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[154,228,323,342]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[154,228,323,342]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
D
|
||
<quantity box="[168,228,323,342]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.766" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="2766.0">2766m</quantity>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[247,339,323,342]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC235967" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC235967</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[353,427,323,342]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[353,427,323,342]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
D
|
||
<quantity box="[367,427,323,342]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7649999999999997" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="2765.0">2765m</quantity>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006318" collectedFrom="rainforest" collectingDate="2009-05-20" collectingMethod="sweep, H 09 - 025" collectionCode="D" collectorName="J. Heraty" elevation="290" latitude="15.239167" location="Sulphur Springs, pools trail" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.34722" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="D2764m, D2763s" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD8FFD7DDC2FE99FD428E62" box="[453,690,323,342]" latitude="15.239167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.34722" name="Sulphur Springs, pools trail" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Sulphur Springs, pools trail</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[699,755,323,342]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="290.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[699,755,323,342]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="290.0">290 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[766,864,323,342]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="21" value="15.239167">15°14'21"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[871,974,323,342]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-61.34722">61°20'50"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2009-05-20">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2009-05-20">20 May 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[246,324,349,368]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">J. Heraty</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom box="[334,416,349,368]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">rainforest</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod box="[425,564,349,368]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">sweep, H09-025</collectingMethod>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[576,604,349,368]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[616,708,349,368]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC235968" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC235968</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[722,796,349,368]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[722,796,349,368]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
D
|
||
<quantity box="[737,796,349,368]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.764" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="2764.0">2764m</quantity>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[815,907,349,368]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC235969" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC235969</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[921,986,349,368]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[921,986,349,368]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D2763s</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006306" collectedFrom="rd edge and shrubs" collectingDate="2002-10-22" collectingMethod="sweep" collectorName="Gates" country="Puerto Rico" latitude="18.180832" location="Maricao Forest, rd 120 km 17.9" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-66.98" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Maricao">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,347,375,394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[147,256,375,394]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[264,343,375,394]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Maricao" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Maricao</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD8FFD7DD67FEADFD998EBE" box="[352,617,375,394]" country="Puerto Rico" latitude="18.180832" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-66.98" name="Maricao Forest, rd 120 km 17.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Maricao">
|
||
Maricao Forest, rd
|
||
<quantity box="[511,574,375,394]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="km" value="120.0">120 km</quantity>
|
||
17.9
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[625,724,375,394]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="51" value="18.180832">18°10'51"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[728,831,375,394]" degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-66.98">66°58'48"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[840,945,375,394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2002-10-22">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[840,945,375,394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2002-10-22">22 Oct 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[952,1002,375,394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Gates</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom box="[147,314,400,419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">rd edge and shrubs</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod box="[324,376,400,419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">sweep</collectingMethod>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[391,417,400,419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[430,522,400,419]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC456205" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC456205</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[536,601,400,419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D2808s</emphasis>
|
||
)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006312" collectedFrom="forest trail" collectingDate="2000-03-02" collectionCode="D" collectorName="L. Masner" country="Saint Lucia" latitude="13.873055" location="W. I.: Barre del Isle" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-60.966946" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="D0437s" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[628,769,400,419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[628,713,400,419]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD8FFD7DED2FE4AFC708E97" box="[725,896,400,419]" country="Saint Lucia" latitude="13.873055" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-60.966946" name="W. I.: Barre del Isle" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">W.I.: Barre del Isle</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[907,1005,400,419]" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="23" value="13.873055">13°52'23"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[147,240,426,445]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="1" value="-60.966946">60°58'1"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[250,353,426,445]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2000-03-02">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[250,353,426,445]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2000-03-02">2 Mar 2000</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[363,452,426,445]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">L. Masner</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom box="[462,553,426,445]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">forest trail</collectedFrom>
|
||
, ss [
|
||
<specimenCount box="[593,619,426,445]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[631,723,426,445]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC235964" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC235964</accessionNumber>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[730,794,426,445]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[730,794,426,445]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D0437s</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006327" collectedFrom="grass / forest edge" collectingDate="1987-11-05" collectingDateMax="1987-11-15" collectingDateMin="1987-11-05" collectingMethod="malaise trap" collectionCode="R, ROME" country="Trinidad and Tobago" latitude="10.315833" location="Borneo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.418613" municipality="Gasparillo" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="ROM 870031, D2810s" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[821,907,426,445]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[821,903,426,445]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[913,1002,426,445]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Gasparillo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[147,246,451,470]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="57" value="10.315833">10°18'57"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[250,342,451,470]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="7" value="-61.418613">61°25'7"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[351,482,451,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="1987-11-05" valueMax="1987-11-15" valueMin="1987-11-05">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[351,482,451,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="1987-11-05" valueMax="1987-11-15" valueMin="1987-11-05">5–15 Nov 1987</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[490,506,451,470]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6178723AFFD1FFD7DC94FDE0FD958D09:EC0E95F7FFD8FFD7DE05FE19FDB28EE2" box="[514,578,451,470]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" latitude="10.315833" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.418613" municipality="Gasparillo" name="Borneo" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Borneo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom box="[586,728,451,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">grass/forest edge</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod box="[736,839,451,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[846,962,451,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">ROM 870031</specimenCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount box="[974,1000,451,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[147,211,477,496]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2yxb-9en0" name="Royal Ontario Museum - Entomology" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">ROME</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[220,312,477,496]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC364799" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC364799</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[326,391,477,496]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[326,391,477,496]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D2810s</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006322" collectedFrom="forest" collectingDate="2013-07-16" collectingMethod="swp" collectionCode="D" collectorName="Heraty" elevation="190" latitude="10.724444" location="Maracas Falls" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.40889" municipality="Maracas Falls" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="D3800s, D3801s" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[417,537,477,496]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Maracas Falls</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[547,603,477,496]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="190.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[547,603,477,496]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="190.0">190 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[613,712,477,496]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="28" value="10.724444">10°43'28"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[719,822,477,496]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-61.40889">61°24'32"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[832,935,477,496]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2013-07-16">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[832,935,477,496]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2013-07-16">16 Jul 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[945,1003,477,496]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Heraty</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom box="[147,197,503,522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">forest</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod box="[211,247,503,522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">swp</collectingMethod>
|
||
, H13-044 [
|
||
<specimenCount box="[353,381,503,522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[397,489,503,522]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC412118" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC412118</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[507,572,503,522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[507,572,503,522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D3800s</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[596,687,503,522]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC412119" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC412119</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[705,770,503,522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[705,770,503,522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D3801s</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061006323" collectedFrom="forest" collectingDate="2013-07-23" collectingMethod="YPT / PB bait" collectionCode="D" collectorName="Heraty & Baker" elevation="190" latitude="10.724444" location="Maracas Falls" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.40889" municipality="Maracas Falls" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="D3809s, D3814s, D3810" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[801,926,503,522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Maracas Falls</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[941,1002,503,522]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="190.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[941,1002,503,522]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="190.0">190 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[147,245,528,547]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="28" value="10.724444">10°43'28"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[251,355,528,547]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-61.40889">61°24'32"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[364,466,528,547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2013-07-23">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[364,466,528,547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" value="2013-07-23">23 Jul 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[476,534,528,547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Heraty</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName box="[549,600,528,547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Baker</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom box="[609,659,528,547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">forest</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod box="[667,778,528,547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">YPT/PB bait</collectingMethod>
|
||
, H13-073 [
|
||
<specimenCount box="[875,902,528,547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[913,1005,528,547]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC412127" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC412127</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[154,218,554,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[154,218,554,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D3809s</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[236,329,554,573]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC412131" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC412131</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[341,406,554,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[341,406,554,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D3814s</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[424,515,554,573]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/UC412132" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">UC412132</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[528,593,554,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[528,586,554,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D3810</specimenCode>
|
||
s
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |