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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.163.2003" ID-GBIF-Dataset="daef9891-760b-4f45-a77a-53459f6a2162" ID-PMC="PMC3253665" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-163-13" ID-PubMed="22303128" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-163-13" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 163" ModsDocTitle="Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part I: ascidian-dwellers" checkinTime="1451249396492" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="White, Kristine N. &amp; Reimer, James Davis" docDate="2012" docId="5AAE2220016BD171B9725B0062A9D7B9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 163: 13-55" docOrigin="ZooKeys 163" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.163.2003" docTitle="Leucothoe vulgaris White &amp; Reimer, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFFDB4372D483E07FFC5FF96FFDA8A34" masterDocTitle="Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part I: ascidian-dwellers" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1668153144330" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part I: ascidian-dwellers</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>White, Kristine N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Reimer, James Davis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>163</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>13</mods:start>
<mods:end>55</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.163.2003</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.163.2003</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-163-13</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032982" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8E57473-2175-403A-93E4-77F590BF5EBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5AAE2220016BD171B9725B0062A9D7B9" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="20" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8E57473-2175-403A-93E4-77F590BF5EBC" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe vulgaris" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Leucothoe vulgaris</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="20" pageNumber="33">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1314
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="33" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="33">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="33">
Holotype male, 4.8 mm, RUMF-ZC-1672, Zanpa Cape reef wall (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="26.440886">26°26'27.19&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="127.7175">127°43'03&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), in branchial chamber of solitary ascidian,
<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyura" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pyura</taxonomicName>
of Molina, 1782, 10-30 m, K.N. White and N.S. White col., 13 December 2010 (KNWOkinawa23A). Paratype female, 4.2 mm, RUMF-ZC-1673, same station data as holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="33" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="33">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="33">
Zanpa Cape, Okinawa, Japan (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="26.440832">26°26'27&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="127.7175">127°43'03&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="20" pageNumber="33" type="additional material examined">
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="33">Additional Material Examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="20" pageNumber="33">
1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1674, KNWOkinawa12F; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1675, KNWOkinawa11E; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1676, KNWJap10-9-8A; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1677, KNWOkinawa14H; 1
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="34" start="start">specimen</pageBreakToken>
, RUMF-ZC-1678, KNWOkinawa16E; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1679, KNWOkinawa21F; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1680, KNWOkinawa26A; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1681, KNWOkinawa24B; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1682, KNWOkinawa25F; 3 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1683, KNWOkinawa27C; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1684, KNWOkinawa27B; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1685, KNWOkinawa29A; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1686, KNWOkinawa29E; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1687, KNWOkinawa31D; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1688, KNWOkinawa36B; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1689, KNWOkinawa36F; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr21821, KNWOkinawa37E; 2 specimens, NSMT -Cr21822, KNWOkinawa38A; 1 specimen, NSMT -Cr21823, KNWOkinawa39M; 12 specimens, NSMT -Cr21824, KNWOkinawa42F; 1 specimen, NSMT - Cr21825, KNWIshigaki4E; 3 specimens, NSMT - Cr21826, KNWIriomote2A; 3 specimens, NSMT - Cr21827, KNWIriomote2D; 2 specimens, NSMT - Cr21828, KNWYaku3P; 1 specimen, NSMT - Cr21829, KNWYaku3Q; 2 specimens, NSMT - Cr21830, KNWOkinawa51B; 2 specimens, NSMT - Cr21831, KNWIshigaki2E; 8 specimens, NSMT - Cr21832, KNWIriomote2I; 8 specimens, NSMT - Cr21833, KNWIriomote3D; 1 specimen, NSMT - Cr21834, KNWYaku1L.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis (male)">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis (male).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="34">Mandibular palp article 2 with 15 setae. Right mandible lacinia mobilis with dentate surface. Upper lip epistome with marginal setae. Gnathopod 1 coxa with 1 long medial seta. Gnathopod 2 carpus distally truncate, expanded; propodus mediofacial setal row displaced below midline. Pereopods 5-7 bases posteriorly tapered. Epimeron 1 with anteroventral tuft of setae. Telson apex with strong point.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="21" pageNumber="34" type="description (male)">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="34">Description (male).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="34">
Head. Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin evenly rounded; ventral cephalic keel anterior margin excavate, anteroventral margin subquadrate, ventral margin straight; eyes with more than 10 ommatidia, round. Antenna 1 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length, flagellum 9-articulate, peduncle article 1 width less than 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
article 2, accessory flagellum absent, aesthetascs absent. Antenna 2 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length, subequal in length with antenna 1, flagellum 3-articulate. Mandibular palp ratio of articles 1-3, 1.0: 3.4: 1.5, article 2 with 15 setae, article 3 with 2 distal setae, incisors strongly dentate; left mandible with 12 raker spines, lacinia mobilis large, strongly toothed; right mandible with 11 raker spines, lacinia mobilis small, with dentate surface. Upper lip asymmetrically lobate, anterior margin setose; epistome with marginal setae. Lower lip inner lobes fused, with facial setae; outer lobes with moderate gape, anterior margins setose. Maxilla 1 palp 2-articulate with 4 distal setae; outer plate with 7 distal robust setae and 4 distal slender setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate with 7 robust distal setae and 10 slender distal setae; outer plate with 3 robust distal setae and 13 slender marginal setae. Maxilliped inner plates distal margin with v-shaped indentation, with short robust setae and long setae; outer plate inner margin smooth, reaching 0.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of palp article 1, with 4 distal setae and 1 distal spine, facial setae absent; palp article 4 subequal in length with article 3, distally acute.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="21" pageNumber="34">
Pereon. Coxae 1-4 relative widths 1.0: 1.1: 0.8: 1.5. Gnathopod 1 coxa smooth, with tiny marginal setae, smooth, anterodistal margin produced, subquadrate, serrate, distal margin straight, posterior margin excavate, medial facial seta present; basis proximally widened, anterior margin with 6 short setae, posterior margin bare; ischium
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="35" start="start">bare</pageBreakToken>
; carpus linear, length 14.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width, proximal margin dentate, distal margin with 3 short setae; propodus straight, palm dentate with 6 distal setae; dactylus smooth, reaching 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length. Gnathopod 2 coxa broader than long, subequal to coxa 3, smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterodistally rounded, distal margin straight,
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="36" start="start">posterior</pageBreakToken>
margin straight, facial setae absent; basis linear, with two small anterodistal tubercles, anterior margin with 11 short and long setae, posterior margin bare; ischium with 2 anterior setae; carpus 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length, curved, distally truncate, expanded, anterior margin dentate; propodus with 1 mediofacial setal row displaced below midline, reaching 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length, with 1 row of submarginal setae, posterior margin smooth, palm convex with 3 major tubercles; dactylus curved, proximal margin smooth, bare, anterior margin distally subacute, reaching 0.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length. Pereopod 3 coxa length 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width, anterodistal corner overriding distal face of coxa 2, extending below it, smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterior margin straight, distal margin oblique, posterior margin straight, facial setae absent. Pereopod 4 coxa smooth, bare, anterior margin produced, distal margin evenly rounded, posterior margin excavate, facial setae absent. Pereopods 5-7 coxae facial setae absent; bases posteriorly tapered, width length ratios 1: 1.3, 1: 1.3, 1: 1.1; posterior margins smooth, setose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
Pleon. Epimeron 1 with tuft of anteroventral setae, epimeron 2 with ventral setae, epimeron 3 bare; epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate. Uropods 1-3 relative lengths 1.0: 0.8: 1.1. Uropod 1 peduncle and outer ramus subequal in length with inner ramus; inner ramus with 4 robust seta; outer ramus with 8 robust setae. Uropod 2 peduncle 0.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length; outer ramus 0.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length; inner ramus with 3 robust seta; outer ramus with 2 robust setae. Uropod 3 peduncle 1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length; outer ramus 0.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length; inner ramus with 2 robust seta; outer ramus with 5 robust setae. Telson 2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide, apex with strong point.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="36" type="female (sexually dimorphic characters)">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">Female (sexually dimorphic characters).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with 10 short setae; carpus distal margin with 4 short setae; propodus palm with 4 distal setae. Gnathopod 2 basis without tubercles, anterior margin with 13 short and long setae; ischium proximal ridge of 3 setae, 1 distal seta, and 1 posterodistal seta; carpus distal end slightly expanded; propodus palm with smaller tubercles.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
Figure 13.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe vulgaris" order="Amphipoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Leucothoe vulgaris</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype male, 4.8 mm, RUMF-ZC-1672.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
Figure 14.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe vulgaris" order="Amphipoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Leucothoe vulgaris</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype male, 4.8 mm, RUMF-ZC-1673.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
After the Latin
<normalizedToken originalValue="vulgaris">'vulgaris'</normalizedToken>
, meaning 'common,
<normalizedToken originalValue="commonplace">commonplace'</normalizedToken>
and referring to the widespread distribution and the apparent lack of host specificity of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="36" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
In branchial chamber of solitary ascidians,
<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyura" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pyura</taxonomicName>
sp. (Fig. 18E);
<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyura microcosmus" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microcosmus">Pyura microcosmus</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 18D);
<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhopalaea circula" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="circula">Rhopalaea circula</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 18F); compound ascidians,
<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clavelina" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Clavelina</taxonomicName>
sp. (Fig. 18C); purple hard sponge with small holes;
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haliclona" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Haliclona</taxonomicName>
of Grant, 1836 (blue sponge);
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Callyspongiidae" genus="Callyspongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callyspongia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Callyspongia</taxonomicName>
of Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864 (beige sponge); and coral rubble.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="36" type="relationships">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">Relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe vulgaris" order="Amphipoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Leucothoe vulgaris</taxonomicName>
is part of the &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe commensalis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commensalis">Leucothoe commensalis</taxonomicName>
group&quot; in the same aspects that
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe trulla" order="Amphipoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trulla">Leucothoe trulla</taxonomicName>
is similar (see
<normalizedToken originalValue="Relationships">'Relationships'</normalizedToken>
under
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe trulla" order="Amphipoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trulla">Leucothoe trulla</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe vulgaris" order="Amphipoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Leucothoe vulgaris</taxonomicName>
differs from these species in having a setose epistome (smooth in reports of all
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe" order="Amphipoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucothoe</taxonomicName>
species), a dentate surface on right mandible lacinia mobilis, and a telson with a strong point (most
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe" order="Amphipoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucothoe</taxonomicName>
species have a tridentate apex).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="36" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe vulgaris" order="Amphipoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Leucothoe vulgaris</taxonomicName>
has a distinct red
<normalizedToken originalValue="“saddleback”">&quot;saddleback&quot;</normalizedToken>
color pattern found in ascidian-dwelling leucothoids worldwide and yellow antennae (Fig. 17A). This species is widespread throughout the Ryukyu Archipelago, inhabiting many species of ascidians and sponges.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
East China Sea:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Okinawajima">Okinawa-jima</normalizedToken>
Island,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iriomotejima">Iriomote-jima</normalizedToken>
Island,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ishigakijima">Ishigaki-jima</normalizedToken>
Island (all Okinawa),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Okinoerabujima">Okinoerabu-jima</normalizedToken>
Island,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yoronjima">Yoron-jima</normalizedToken>
Island, Tokunoshima Island,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amamioshima">Amami-oshima</normalizedToken>
Island, and Yakushima Island (all Kagoshima), Japan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>