633 lines
50 KiB
XML
633 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7345e6b-fa55-474e-9b6e-d6b185121541" ID-PMC="PMC7718216" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-168-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" ID-PubMed="33335445" ModsDocID="1314-2003-168-1" checkinTime="1606572050664" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dean, Ellen, Poore, Jennifer, Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio, Nee, Michael H., Kang, Hannah, Starbuck, Thomas, Rodrigues, Annamarie & Conner, Matthew" docDate="2020" docId="4A900E45A2964DEF2CA8C7646347CBEB" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 168: 1-333" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 168" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" docTitle="Lycianthes heteroclita (Sendtn.) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 494. 1919" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" masterDocTitle="The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala" masterLastPageNumber="333" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140149145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Dean, Ellen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">eadean@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Poore, Jennifer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio Nacional de Identificacion y Caracterizacion Vegetal (LaniVeg), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramon Padilla Sanchez 2100, 45110 Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Nee, Michael H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>26776 US Hwy 14, Richland Center, WI 53581, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Kang, Hannah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Starbuck, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rodrigues, Annamarie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Conner, Matthew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>168</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-168-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170596543" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A900E45A2964DEF2CA8C7646347CBEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A900E45A2964DEF2CA8C7646347CBEB" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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21
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<taxonomicName authority="(Sendtn.) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 494. 1919" authorityName="(Sendtn.) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 494." authorityYear="1919" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes heteroclita" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclita">Lycianthes heteroclita (Sendtn.) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 494. 1919</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Image of herbarium specimen of L. heteroclita, Cate s. n. (NY). Specimen used with permission from the William and Lynda Steere Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480060" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sendtn" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum heteroclitum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclitum">Solanum heteroclitum</taxonomicName>
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Sendtn. Flora 29 (13): 193 [as 177]. 1846. Type: Guatemala. No exact location,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Friedrichsthal s.n.</emphasis>
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(lectotype designated here: W [acc. # 0003646]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Coult" authorityYear="1891" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus escuintlensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="escuintlensis">Brachistus escuintlensis</taxonomicName>
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J.M.Coult., Bot. Gaz. 16: 144. 1891. Type: Guatemala. Escuintla: Escuintla, 1100 ft, Mar 1890,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Donnell Smith 2267</emphasis>
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(lectotype designated by
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<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 116" refId="B26" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1973b. D'Arcy, New names for neotropical plants. Phytologia 25: 1 - 116" title="D'Arcy, New names for neotropical plants." volume="25" year="1973 b">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
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1973b
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 116: US [00624003, acc. # 1335155]; isolectotypes: F [F0072758F, acc. # 267053], G [G00379121], GH [00076928], K [K000585751], M [M-0171852]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brandegee" authorityYear="1917" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Bassovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bassovia purpusii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpusii">Bassovia purpusii</taxonomicName>
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Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 372. 1917. Type: Mexico. Veracruz: Zacuapan [ca.
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<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="19.216667">19°13'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="96" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-96.88333">96°53'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1025 m], Jul 1915,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. Purpus 7502</emphasis>
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(holotype: UC [178570]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mitratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mitratum">Solanum mitratum</taxonomicName>
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Greenm., Bot. Gaz. 37: 211. 1904. Type: Costa Rica. Cartago: Atirro, 600 m, Mar [April on US specimen] 1896,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Donnell Smith 6673</emphasis>
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(lectotype designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" author="D'Arcy, WG" editor="Woodson, RE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="573 - 780" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1973a. [1974] Solanaceae. In: Woodson, RE, Schery, Jr RW, Eds., Flora of Panama. Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden 60: 573 - 780, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" title="[1974] Solanaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" volume="60" volumeTitle="Flora of Panama." year="1973 a">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
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1973a
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 636: GH [00077517]; isolectotype US [00624007]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1920" baseAuthorityName="Greenm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes mitrata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mitrata">Lycianthes mitrata</taxonomicName>
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(Greenm.) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 500. 1919. Type: Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mitratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mitratum">Solanum mitratum</taxonomicName>
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Greenm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes heteroclita subsp. coalescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="heteroclita" subSpecies="coalescens">Lycianthes heteroclita (Sendtn.) Bitter ssp. coalescens</taxonomicName>
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Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 496. 1919. Type: Guatemala. Alta Verapaz:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cubilqüitz">Cubilqueitz</normalizedToken>
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, [Cubilhuitz], [
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15.6675" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.6675">15.6675</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="90.4293" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.4293">-90.4293</geoCoordinate>
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], 350 m, Aug 1907,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. von Tuerkheim II 813</emphasis>
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(lectotype designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" author="D'Arcy, WG" editor="Woodson, RE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="573 - 780" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1973a. [1974] Solanaceae. In: Woodson, RE, Schery, Jr RW, Eds., Flora of Panama. Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden 60: 573 - 780, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" title="[1974] Solanaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" volume="60" volumeTitle="Flora of Panama." year="1973 a">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
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(1973a
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 636): US [00027880]; isolectotypes: G, NY, W [acc. # 1908-3590, acc. # 1908-3589]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1920" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes heteroclita subsp. var. var. gracilis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="heteroclita" subSpecies="var." variety="gracilis">Lycianthes heteroclita (Sendtn.) Bitter var. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 496. 1919. Type: Panama. Canal Zone: Railroad relocation between Gorgona and Gatun, 10-50 m,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pittier 2281</emphasis>
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(lectotype designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.349.1.4" author="Dean, E" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 46" refId="B45" refString="Dean, E, Reyes, M, 2018a. Lectotypification of names in the genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae). Phytotaxa 349 (1): 39 - 46, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.349.1.4" title="Lectotypification of names in the genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.349.1.4" volume="349" year="2018 a">Dean and Reyes 2018a</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 42: US [acc. # 676535]; isolectotype US [acc. # 676536]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Standl" authorityYear="1924" baseAuthorityName="Coult." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Bassovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bassovia escuintlensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="escuintlensis">Bassovia escuintlensis</taxonomicName>
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(J.M.Coult.) Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1304. 1924. Type: Based on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Coult" authorityYear="1891" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus escuintlensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="escuintlensis">Brachistus escuintlensis</taxonomicName>
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J.M.Coult.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Standl" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Coult." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum escuintlense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="escuintlense">Capsicum escuintlense</taxonomicName>
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(J.M.Coult.) Standl., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 12: 347 1936. Type: Based on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Coult" authorityYear="1891" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus escuintlensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="escuintlensis">Brachistus escuintlensis</taxonomicName>
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J.M.Coult.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. T. Hunziker" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Coult." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum escuintlense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="escuintlense">Solanum escuintlense</taxonomicName>
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(J.M.Coult.) Hunz., Kurtziana 5: 166. 1969. Type: Based on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Coult" authorityYear="1891" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus escuintlensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="escuintlensis">Brachistus escuintlensis</taxonomicName>
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J.M.Coult.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="D" authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Coult." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes escuintlensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="escuintlensis">Lycianthes escuintlensis</taxonomicName>
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(J.M.Coult.)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
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, Phytologia 25: 116. 1973. Type: Based on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Coult" authorityYear="1891" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus escuintlensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="escuintlensis">Brachistus escuintlensis</taxonomicName>
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J.M.Coult.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Based on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sendtn" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum heteroclitum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclitum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum heteroclitum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Sendtn.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480060" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 48" startId="F48">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 48.</emphasis>
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Image of herbarium specimen of
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. heteroclita" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. heteroclita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cate s.n.</emphasis>
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||
(NY). Specimen used with permission from the William and Lynda Steere Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Herb, shrub, to treelet, sometimes epiphytic, erect, 0.5-5 m tall. Indument of very small, white to tan, uniseriate, multicellular, simple, eglandular, appressed-ascending trichomes <0.1 (0.2) mm long. Stems green when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, compressed (hollowed at the nodes) upon drying in a plant press, woody with age; upper sympodial branching points monochasial or dichasial. Leaves simple, the leaves of the upper sympodia usually paired and unequal in size, the larger ones with blades 7-32
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.5-15 cm, the smaller ones with blades 3-12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5-6 cm, the leaf pairs usually similar in shape, the blades ovate to elliptic (rarely obovate), thin-membranaceous, glabrous to very sparsely pubescent, the base cuneate to attenuate, often oblique, the margin entire, usually undulate, the apex acute to acuminate, the petiole 0.3-5 cm long, the larger leaf blades with 5-8 primary veins on each side of the midvein. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2-12, axillary, erect; peduncles absent; pedicels 8-20 mm and erect in flower, to 25 mm long and erect in fruit, usually glabrous to sparsely pubescent; calyx 2-3 (4) mm long, 3-6 mm in diameter, campanulate, sparsely puberulent, the margin truncate, undulate, the appendages lacking (but ribs sometimes prominent and dark green); fruiting calyx enlarged, widely bowl-shaped to plate-like and slightly reflexed, 1-3.5 mm long, 4.5-10 mm in diameter; corolla 1-1.6 cm long, campanulate to reflexed in orientation, stellate in outline, usually divided 3/4 of the way to all of the way to the base, the lobes usually with scarce interpetalar tissue, white to lilac and glabrous adaxially, white to green abaxially, puberulent abaxially; stamens equal, straight, the filaments 0.5-1.5 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 4-7 mm long, lanceolate, usually partially connivent or connate to the adjacent anther (at least near the middle or base of the anther, not at the tips), white to yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores round, dehiscing distally, not opening into longitudinal slits; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style 8-11 mm long, linear, straight or curved at tip, glabrous, the stigma oblong. Fruit a berry, 6-13 mm long, 8-13 (15) mm in diameter, globose to depressed globose, orange to red at maturity, glabrous, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds 50-300 per fruit, 1-2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1-1.5 mm, flattened, circular, ovate, depressed ovate or somewhat triangular in outline, yellow-orange to orange-brown, often lighter in color near the margin, the surface reticulum with minute, serpentine pattern and shallow luminae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz), Guatemala (Alta Verapaz, Escuintla, Huehuetenango, Izabal,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petén">Peten</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Quetzaltenango,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quiché">Quiche</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Santa Rosa, Zacapan), Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, in tropical rainforest, tropical moist forest, tropical dry forest, cloud forest, rarely in shrublands, sometimes along streams or on limestone, common in secondary forest, agricultural areas (such as coffee plantations), and along roadsides, 0-1000 (2000) m in elevation, perhaps cultivated in some areas (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="F49" captionText="Figure 49. Map of geographic distribution of L. heteroclita based on herbarium specimen data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480061" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">49</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480061" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 49" startId="F49">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 49.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. heteroclita" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. heteroclita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on herbarium specimen data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Mexico. Chiapas: fruits and leaves eaten after cooking in water, yerbabuena (Spanish), ashinte (Tzeltal) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. Bohs 3962</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ch’ayok">ch'ayok</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Maya Lacandon) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="González-Espinosa">Gonzalez-Espinosa</normalizedToken>
|
||
755
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); tumat tez (Tzeltal) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ton 5132
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); ajchkintez (Tzeltal) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Alush
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ton 6741
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); leaves eaten (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. Levy T. 43</emphasis>
|
||
); quilete (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Matuda 17477</emphasis>
|
||
); zajchkintez (Tzeltal) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
|
||
T. 5215
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); xote nuk (Mayan) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Paniagua 57</emphasis>
|
||
); the leaves are eaten boiled, used medicinally for bones (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="utz’ak">utz'ak</normalizedToken>
|
||
abaker), ubojo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ch’ayok’">ch'ayok'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Paniagua 264</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guerrero</emphasis>
|
||
: eaten boiled as an edible green (Mixtec) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Velazco-G. 40341</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Veracruz</emphasis>
|
||
: hierba mora, hierba mora cimarrona (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Marquez R. 256, 275</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering specimens and specimens with mature fruits have been collected throughout the year in most locations. Corollas usually open in very early morning, closing in late morning.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes heteroclita" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes heteroclita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a widespread species ranging from Mexico to Panama, represented by many collections. The EOO is 1,336,839.05 km2, and the AOO is 1,328 km2. Based on the
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" refId="B67" refString="IUCN, 2019. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019. http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019." url="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" year="2019">IUCN (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Least Concern (LC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes heteroclita" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes heteroclita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the most common and wide-ranging
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in Central America. Its lifeform ranges from a large herb growing epiphytically or on the ground to a treelet, becoming woody at the base. When pressed, its herbaceous stems compress at the nodes. The variability in the flowers of this species deserves more study. From Mexico to Nicaragua, the corolla is usually white on the adaxial side and deeply stellate with very little interpetalar tissue. However, populations with corollas with more interpetalar tissue at the base of the lobes have been observed and collected in Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua; this form of the corolla may be stellate only half-way to the base. In Costa Rica and Panama, the corollas are usually deeply stellate and purple on the adaxial side; this form was first described as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mitratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mitratum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum mitratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(equal to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. mitrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mitrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. mitrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and later by Georg Bitter as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. heteroclita subsp. var. var. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="heteroclita" subSpecies="var." variety="gracilis">L. heteroclita var. gracilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both listed as synonyms above). Further study may show that these flower variants are geographically distinct and deserve recognition at the species level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
In Mexico,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes heteroclita" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes heteroclita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sometimes confused with the Mexican endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. geminiflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="geminiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. geminiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In general, the two species can be separated by flowering calyx size, with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. heteroclita" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. heteroclita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually equal to or greater than 2 mm in length and that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. geminiflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="geminiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. geminiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually up to 1.5 mm in length. Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. heteroclita" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. heteroclita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually found at lower elevations than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. geminiflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="geminiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. geminiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is a high-elevation cloud forest species, but the two species do co-occur in Oaxaca and Veracruz. In the areas of overlap,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. heteroclita" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. heteroclita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually found below 1000 m, while
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. geminiflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="geminiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. geminiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually found above 800 m. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. heteroclita" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. heteroclita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens have been collected in Guatemala at elevations of 2000 m or more, which is unusual. In Chiapas, Honduras and Costa Rica, there are many specimens collected from elevations between 1200 and 1700 m, as well as elevations below 1000 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Confusion about what name to use for this species exists in the literature. In his treatment of the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
for Flora of Panama,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" author="D'Arcy, WG" editor="Woodson, RE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="573 - 780" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1973a. [1974] Solanaceae. In: Woodson, RE, Schery, Jr RW, Eds., Flora of Panama. Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden 60: 573 - 780, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" title="[1974] Solanaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" volume="60" volumeTitle="Flora of Panama." year="1973 a">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1973a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes esquintlensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esquintlensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes esquintlensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for this species, and under that name, he synonymized the names
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. heteroclita subsp. coalescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="heteroclita" subSpecies="coalescens">L. heteroclita ssp. coalescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mitratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mitratum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum mitratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
also included the species
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. synanthera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="synanthera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. synanthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his treatment. But he then annotated many specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. synanthera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="synanthera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. synanthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. esquintlensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="esquintlensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. esquintlensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, in their treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the Flora of Guatemala,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gentry, Jr JL" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B56" refString="Gentry, Jr JL, Standley, PC, 1974. Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana: Botany 24 (part 10) no. 1-2. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago." title="Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana: Botany 24 (part 10) no. 1 - 2. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago." year="1974">Gentry and Standley (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
only recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. synanthera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="synanthera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. synanthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. heteroclita" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. heteroclita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. escuintlensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="escuintlensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. escuintlensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. mitratum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mitratum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. mitratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under that name, and their annotations reflected this. This created confusion in the identification of this species for several decades.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B78" refString="Nee, M, 1986. Lycianthes. In: Gomez-Pompa A, Moreno NP, Nevling Jr LI, Nee M, Sosa V, Ludlow-Wiechers B, Cabrera-Rodriguez L (Eds) Flora of Veracruz 49. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz, 85-110." title="Lycianthes. In: Gomez-Pompa A, Moreno NP, Nevling Jr LI, Nee M, Sosa V, Ludlow-Wiechers B, Cabrera-Rodriguez L (Eds) Flora of Veracruz 49. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz, 85 - 110." year="1986">Nee (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in his treatment for The Flora of Veracruz and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bohs, L" editor="Hammel, BE" journalOrPublisher="XIII). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, Missouri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="247 - 257" refId="B14" refString="Bohs, L, 2015. Lycianthes. In: Hammel, BE, Grayum, MH, Herrera, C, Zamora, N, Eds., Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica (Vol. XIII). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, Missouri: 247 - 257" title="Lycianthes." volumeTitle="Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica (Vol." year="2015">Bohs (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in her recent treatment for the Flora of Costa Rica have corrected these errors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Where they co-occur,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes heteroclita" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes heteroclita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. synanthera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="synanthera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. synanthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nitida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. nitida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bitter, because all three species have calyces lacking appendages and may be epiphytic. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. synanthera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="synanthera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. synanthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nitida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. nitida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have woody upper stems that do not collapse at the nodes upon drying. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. synanthera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="synanthera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. synanthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually has hairs in the axils of the primary veins on the abaxial leaf surface, while
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. nitida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. nitida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has coriaceous leaves with geminate pairs in which the minor leaf is much smaller in size and more rounded than the larger leaf.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sendtn" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum heteroclitum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclitum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum heteroclitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sendtn. is lectotypified here. In the protologue,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="193 - 195" refId="B94" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Beschreibung einer neuen Gattung der Familie der Solanaceen, so wie von zwei neuen etwas abweichenden Arten der Gattung Solanum. Flora 29 (13): 193 - 195" title="Beschreibung einer neuen Gattung der Familie der Solanaceen, so wie von zwei neuen etwas abweichenden Arten der Gattung Solanum." volume="29" year="1846">Sendtner (1846)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cites only one collection: Guatemala. No exact location,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Friedrichsthal s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, but does not specify a particular specimen or herbarium. We were only able to locate one specimen seen by Sendtner at W [acc. # 0003646], and we are choosing that specimen as the lectotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Representative specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatemala. Alta Verapaz</emphasis>
|
||
: city of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobán">Coban</normalizedToken>
|
||
, garden of residence along 1st St belonging to the family of Fredy Archila, seed of this plant originally collected at Finca Siguanha in forest at 1400 m in elevation,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="15.4749" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.4749">15.4749</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="90.3722" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.3722">-90.3722</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1335 m, 9 Aug 2017,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Dean 9500</emphasis>
|
||
(DAV).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Escuintla</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Palín">Palin</normalizedToken>
|
||
Finca Comunal, El Chilar,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.3536" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.3536">14.3536</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="90.7283" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.7283">-90.7283</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 959 m, 10 Nov 2010,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Véliz">Veliz</normalizedToken>
|
||
22280
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BIGU).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Huehuetenango</emphasis>
|
||
: Between Ixcan and Finca San Rafael, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes 200-800 m, 24 Jul 1942,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.A. Steyermark 49399</emphasis>
|
||
(NY).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Izabal</emphasis>
|
||
: W of Santo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tomás">Tomas</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Castilla, near Guatel antennas on one of the summits of Cerro San Gil,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="15.6703" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.6703">15.6703</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="88.6997" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-88.6997">-88.6997</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 800-900 m, 21 Sep 1997,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nee 47320</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petén">Peten</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: La Cumbre. Pusila road, 5 km, 17 Aug 1976,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.L. Lundell 20194</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, LL).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quetzaltenango</emphasis>
|
||
: Colomba, Fca. San Francisco Pie de la Cuesta,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.7281" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="14.7281">14.7281</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="91.7178" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-91.7178">-91.7178</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1113 m, 15 Feb 2011,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
L.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Velásquez">Velasquez</normalizedToken>
|
||
1728
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BIGU).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quiché">Quiche</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Nebaj, about 12 km west, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="15.4058" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.4058">15.4058</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="91.1461" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-91.1461">-91.1461</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 8000 ft, 4 Jul 1964,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Contreras 5196</emphasis>
|
||
(MEXU, NY, LL, TEX).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Santa Rosa</emphasis>
|
||
: Region of Platanares, between Taxisco and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guazacapán">Guazacapan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 220 m, 3 Dec 1940,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.C. Standley 79062</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zacapan</emphasis>
|
||
: Gualan, 122 m, 28 Dec 1905,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.A. Kellerman 5678</emphasis>
|
||
(LL).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexico. Chiapas</emphasis>
|
||
: road from Ocosingo to Palenque in pueblo de Bahtaj, about 26 km NE of Ocosingo, roadside,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.1447" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="17.1447">17.1447</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="92.1283" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-92.1283">-92.1283</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 858 m, 5 Dec 2012,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. Bohs 3962</emphasis>
|
||
(DAV, MEXU).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guerrero</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yoloxóchitl">Yoloxochitl</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4.37 km en
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="línea">linea</normalizedToken>
|
||
recta al norte de la comunidad, en el terreno del Sr. Enrique
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rómulo">Romulo</normalizedToken>
|
||
(tierras de uso
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="común">comun</normalizedToken>
|
||
), sobre el arroyo que va al paraje Salto de la Mona,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.8531" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.8531">16.8531</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="98.6723" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-98.6723">-98.6723</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 545 m, 22 Apr 2017,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Velazco-G. 40341</emphasis>
|
||
(DAV).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Jalisco</emphasis>
|
||
: Mpio. Casimiro Castillo, parte poniente del puente "La Calera" por la carretera Guadalajara-Barra de Navidad, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="19.6730" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="19.673">19.6730</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="104.4287" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-104.4287">-104.4287</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 550 m, 17 Aug 1990,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
|
||
-V. 213
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(WIS).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oaxaca</emphasis>
|
||
: Sierra de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Juárez">Juarez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Mpio. Comaltepec, along Hwy 175 between km 66 and 67 just south of the town of Metates,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.6860" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="17.686">17.6860</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="96.3289" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-96.3289">-96.3289</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 870 m, 11 Sep 2017,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Dean 9524</emphasis>
|
||
(DAV).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tabasco</emphasis>
|
||
: Sierra El Madrigal, al E del edificio principal del centro regional Tropical Puyacatengo, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.5172" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="17.5172">17.5172</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="92.9028" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-92.9028">-92.9028</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 600 m, 6 Jun 1991,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.M.H. Alipi 440</emphasis>
|
||
(MEXU).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Veracruz</emphasis>
|
||
: Cerro del Marinero, poblado Adolfo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Mateos, 18 km este de Catemaco,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.4444" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="18.4444">18.4444</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="94.9633" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-94.9633">-94.9633</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 500 m, 8 Jun 1991,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Torres 495</emphasis>
|
||
(MEXU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |