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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.80.59466" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7c16b962-a987-46ce-a1eb-e846c097c427" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-80-71" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7BFA52401DE65985B75493D17D922BF0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4420682" ID-ZooBank="9E555C15F6BB46C7BB546BAAC78D4831" ModsDocID="1314-2607-80-71" checkinTime="1609325087673" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gates, Michael W., Zhang, Y. Miles &amp; Buffington, Matthew L." docDate="2020" docId="39665A432D355612B289842B49593D25" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 80: 71-98" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 80" docPubDate="2020-12-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.80.59466" docTitle="Phylloxeroxenus smilax Gates &amp; Zhang 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="6D5262E0-7A91-4A3A-9E1A-C219C1F5EBA3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="7BFA52401DE65985B75493D17D922BF0" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="7BFA52401DE65985B75493D17D922BF0" masterDocTitle="The great greenbriers gall mystery resolved? New species of Aprostocetus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) gall inducer and two new parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) associated with Smilax L. in southern Florida, USA" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1678754932365" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The great greenbriers gall mystery resolved? New species of Aprostocetus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) gall inducer and two new parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) associated with Smilax L. in southern Florida, USA</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gates, Michael W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-1371</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20013, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">michael.gates@ars.usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhang, Y. Miles</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4801-8624</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20013, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-3861</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20013, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2020-12-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>80</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>71</mods:start>
<mods:end>98</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.80.59466</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.80.59466</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-80-71</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9E555C15F6BB46C7BB546BAAC78D4831</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7BFA52401DE65985B75493D17D922BF0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4420682</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="176345140" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6D5262E0-7A91-4A3A-9E1A-C219C1F5EBA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/39665A432D355612B289842B49593D25" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/6D5262E0-7A91-4A3A-9E1A-C219C1F5EBA3" authority="Gates &amp; Zhang" authorityName="Gates &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Phylloxeroxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylloxeroxenus smilax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smilax" status="sp. nov.">Phylloxeroxenus smilax Gates &amp; Zhang</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="71">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19–20" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 19 - 20. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 19 female habitus 20 male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure19-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490467" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figs 19-20</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21–28" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 21 - 28. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 21 frontal view of head 22 frontal view of lower face 23 dorsal view of head 24 posterior view of head 25 female antenna 26 lateral view of mesosoma 27 dorsal view of mesosoma 28 ventral view of mesosoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure21-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490468" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 21-28</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29–34" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 29 - 34. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 29 dorsal view of propodeum 30 lateral view of female metasoma 31 ventral view of female petiole 32 male antenna 33 ventral view of male metasoma 34 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure29-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490469" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 29-34</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gates &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Phylloxeroxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylloxeroxenus smilax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smilax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Phylloxeroxenus smilax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from the only other known North American species,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Phylloxeroxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylloxeroxenus phylloxerae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phylloxerae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Phylloxeroxenus phylloxerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ashmead), which is suspected to be a parasitoid of the cecidomyiid inquiline within
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Shimer" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Phylloxeridae" genus="Phylloxera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylloxera" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Phylloxera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Boyer de Fonscolombe galls on hickory (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1818" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carya" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Carya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nutt.) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25076470" author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="125 - 135" refId="B1" refString="Ashmead, WH, 1881. Studies on the North American Chalcididae with descriptions of new species from Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 13: 125 - 135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25076470" title="Studies on the North American Chalcididae with descriptions of new species from Florida." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25076470" volume="13" year="1881">Ashmead 1881</bibRefCitation>
). The lower face is strigose and the ventral half of the body is yellow in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. smilax" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="smilax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">P. smilax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. phylloxerae" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="phylloxerae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">P. phylloxerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the lower face is striate and the body is completely black. There are at least 50 undescribed species in at least three species groups for the Neotropical region that exhibit a range of variation in diagnostic generic characters such as the propodeum in lateral view forming a 90° angle with mesosoma; long/short petiole and resultant effect on striate part of S1 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29–34" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 29 - 34. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 29 dorsal view of propodeum 30 lateral view of female metasoma 31 ventral view of female petiole 32 male antenna 33 ventral view of male metasoma 34 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure29-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490469" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">30</figureCitation>
), with the striae on S1 being a reliable diagnostic though expressed to varying degrees; and lower face with/without striae (Gates, unpublished data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-04-18" collectorName="SE Miami, Rockdale Pineland, Ex, M. Gates, M. Buffington" country="USA" county="Dade Co." location="Dade Co." specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
, female:
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
•
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">FL</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Dade Co.</collectingCounty>
:
<collectorName>SE Miami</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Rockdale Pineland</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Ex</collectorName>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilax havanensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Smilax havanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stem gall;
<collectingDate value="2010-04-18">18.Apr. 2010</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>M. Gates</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>M. Buffington</collectorName>
leg.; USNMENT01735174 (deposited at USNM)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-12-19" collectorName="SE Miami, C. Rodriguez, T. Smith" country="United States of America" county="Dade Co." location="Same" municipality="Ex" specimenCount="22" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="12" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:39665A432D355612B289842B49593D25:C9A681B42249E34968577DAF5D717A22" country="United States of America" county="Dade Co." municipality="Ex" name="Same">Same</location>
information as
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
; USNMENT01735175-01735178 (
<specimenCount type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, USNM).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">FL</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Dade Co.</collectingCounty>
:
<collectorName>SE Miami</collectorName>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:39665A432D355612B289842B49593D25:F7E2D0DBECAB35DBF5C2FA878C6A26D3" country="United States of America" county="Dade Co." municipality="Ex" name="Rockdale Pineland">Rockdale Pineland</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Ex</collectingMunicipality>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilax havanensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Smilax havanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stem gall;
<collectingDate value="2001-12-19">19.Dec.2001</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>C. Rodriguez</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>T. Smith</collectorName>
leg.; USNMENT01735179-01735184 (
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
, USNM)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-02-23" collectorName="G. Melika" country="United States of America" county="Dade Co." location="Coral Gables" municipality="Ex" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="4">
Additional material:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">FL</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Dade Co.</collectingCounty>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:39665A432D355612B289842B49593D25:06F91E0CA104D02B95CFA456A408515E" country="United States of America" county="Dade Co." municipality="Ex" name="Coral Gables">Coral Gables</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:39665A432D355612B289842B49593D25:80204B100DA5D0E59B9FB2A43E7449AA" country="United States of America" county="Dade Co." municipality="Ex" name="Deering Estate Pineland">Deering Estate Pineland</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Ex</collectingMunicipality>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilax havanensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Smilax havanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stem gall;
<collectingDate value="1995-02-23">23.Feb.1995</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>G. Melika</collectorName>
leg.; (
<specimenCount type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
, ABS)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Female.</emphasis>
Body length 1.88 mm (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19–20" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 19 - 20. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 19 female habitus 20 male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure19-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490467" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">19</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Color.</emphasis>
Orange-yellow; antennal segments light brown; edges of ocelli, scutellum, metasoma mediodorsally with black band, eyes pinkish red (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19–20" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 19 - 20. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 19 female habitus 20 male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure19-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490467" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">19</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4420700" doi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure19-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490467" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 19–20" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 19-20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gates &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Phylloxeroxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylloxeroxenus smilax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smilax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Phylloxeroxenus smilax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">19</emphasis>
female habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">20</emphasis>
male habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Head.</emphasis>
Rounded in dorsal view, 1.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as long in dorsal view, umbilicate with appressed setae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21–28" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 21 - 28. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 21 frontal view of head 22 frontal view of lower face 23 dorsal view of head 24 posterior view of head 25 female antenna 26 lateral view of mesosoma 27 dorsal view of mesosoma 28 ventral view of mesosoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure21-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490468" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">21</figureCitation>
). Lower face strigose, clypeus emarginate, mandible tridentate and step-like, supraclypeal area smooth, glabrous, slightly raised, and extending to the toruli (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21–28" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 21 - 28. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 21 frontal view of head 22 frontal view of lower face 23 dorsal view of head 24 posterior view of head 25 female antenna 26 lateral view of mesosoma 27 dorsal view of mesosoma 28 ventral view of mesosoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure21-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490468" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">22</figureCitation>
). Malar sulcus present, malar space 0.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
eye height. Genal carina present. Toruli positioned slightly above lower ocular line, diameter of torulus 4.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
that of the intertorular space. Scrobal depression carinate laterally, fading apically. Vertex imbricate, ratios of POL:OOL:LOL equal to 2.5:1:1 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21–28" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 21 - 28. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 21 frontal view of head 22 frontal view of lower face 23 dorsal view of head 24 posterior view of head 25 female antenna 26 lateral view of mesosoma 27 dorsal view of mesosoma 28 ventral view of mesosoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure21-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490468" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">23</figureCitation>
). Ratio of scape (minus radicle):pedicel:anellus: F1:F2: F3:F4:F5:club as 19:7.3:1:7:6.6:6.6:6.4:6:18; pedicel chalice-shaped; funicle fusiform; funicular segments with single row of longitudinal sensilla and one whorl of setae, as long as its bearing segment; clava bisegmented (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21–28" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 21 - 28. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 21 frontal view of head 22 frontal view of lower face 23 dorsal view of head 24 posterior view of head 25 female antenna 26 lateral view of mesosoma 27 dorsal view of mesosoma 28 ventral view of mesosoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure21-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490468" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">25</figureCitation>
). Head posteriorly lacking postgenal lamina, postgenal groove straight and not converging in their lower part, extending ventrally to lower margin of eyes. Postgenal bridge ornamentation narrow and delicate (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21–28" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 21 - 28. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 21 frontal view of head 22 frontal view of lower face 23 dorsal view of head 24 posterior view of head 25 female antenna 26 lateral view of mesosoma 27 dorsal view of mesosoma 28 ventral view of mesosoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure21-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490468" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">24</figureCitation>
). Postgenal sulci small.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Forewing.</emphasis>
Eight submarginal setae, 3 on parastigma. Ratio of marginal vein:postmarginal vein:stigmal vein as 2:1:1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Mesosoma umbilicate, 1.45
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad; notauli complete, shallow (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21–28" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 21 - 28. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 21 frontal view of head 22 frontal view of lower face 23 dorsal view of head 24 posterior view of head 25 female antenna 26 lateral view of mesosoma 27 dorsal view of mesosoma 28 ventral view of mesosoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure21-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490468" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">27</figureCitation>
); lateral surface of prepectus triangular, smooth, ventral surface of prepectus without median tooth, subventral carina diverging strongly (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21–28" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 21 - 28. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 21 frontal view of head 22 frontal view of lower face 23 dorsal view of head 24 posterior view of head 25 female antenna 26 lateral view of mesosoma 27 dorsal view of mesosoma 28 ventral view of mesosoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure21-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490468" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">26</figureCitation>
). Mesopleuron reticulate ventrally, dorsally delimited from femoral depression by fine carina. Epicnemium flat and ventral shelf not projected forward. Propodeum in lateral view forming a 90° angle with mesosoma, broadly flattened and apically arcuate, with numerous carinae forming irregular asetose cells, these bordered laterally by setose cells; cluster of setae anterolaterad nucha (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29–34" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 29 - 34. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 29 dorsal view of propodeum 30 lateral view of female metasoma 31 ventral view of female petiole 32 male antenna 33 ventral view of male metasoma 34 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure29-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490469" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">29</figureCitation>
). Metaplural-precoxal carina complete (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21–28" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 21 - 28. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 21 frontal view of head 22 frontal view of lower face 23 dorsal view of head 24 posterior view of head 25 female antenna 26 lateral view of mesosoma 27 dorsal view of mesosoma 28 ventral view of mesosoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure21-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490468" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">28</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4420702" doi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure21-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490468" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 21–28" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 21-28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gates &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Phylloxeroxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylloxeroxenus smilax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smilax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Phylloxeroxenus smilax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">21</emphasis>
frontal view of head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">22</emphasis>
frontal view of lower face
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">23</emphasis>
dorsal view of head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">24</emphasis>
posterior view of head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">25</emphasis>
female antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">26</emphasis>
lateral view of mesosoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">27</emphasis>
dorsal view of mesosoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">28</emphasis>
ventral view of mesosoma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Metasoma.</emphasis>
Metasoma smooth, Gt4-syntergum setose, Gt6 and syntergum microreticulate; petiole 0.78
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad in dorsal view, with ventral anterior groove and carina (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29–34" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 29 - 34. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 29 dorsal view of propodeum 30 lateral view of female metasoma 31 ventral view of female petiole 32 male antenna 33 ventral view of male metasoma 34 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure29-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490469" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">31</figureCitation>
); gaster S-shaped in lateral view, ovipositor angled at about 30° dorsad horizontal axis (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29–34" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 29 - 34. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 29 dorsal view of propodeum 30 lateral view of female metasoma 31 ventral view of female petiole 32 male antenna 33 ventral view of male metasoma 34 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure29-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490469" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">30</figureCitation>
); Gt4 emarginate posteriorly in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Male.</emphasis>
1.51 mm. Color and sculpture as described for female (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19–20" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 19 - 20. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 19 female habitus 20 male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure19-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490467" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">20</figureCitation>
). Antennal with funicular segments pedicellate, each with 2 or more rows of erect setae and about 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as width of segment. Four funicular segments and a trisegmented clava (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29–34" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 29 - 34. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 29 dorsal view of propodeum 30 lateral view of female metasoma 31 ventral view of female petiole 32 male antenna 33 ventral view of male metasoma 34 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure29-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490469" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">32</figureCitation>
). Gastral petiole in lateral view cylindrical with projecting lateral teeth and mediodorsal prong (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29–34" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 29 - 34. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 29 dorsal view of propodeum 30 lateral view of female metasoma 31 ventral view of female petiole 32 male antenna 33 ventral view of male metasoma 34 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure29-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490469" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">34</figureCitation>
), in dorsal view length about 2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as greatest width, 1.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as the length to metacoxa; evenly reticulate dorsally and ventrally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29–34" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 29 - 34. Phylloxeroxenus smilax 29 dorsal view of propodeum 30 lateral view of female metasoma 31 ventral view of female petiole 32 male antenna 33 ventral view of male metasoma 34 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure29-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490469" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">33</figureCitation>
), smooth laterally.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4420704" doi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure29-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490469" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 29–34" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 29-34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gates &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Phylloxeroxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylloxeroxenus smilax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smilax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Phylloxeroxenus smilax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">29</emphasis>
dorsal view of propodeum
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">30</emphasis>
lateral view of female metasoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">31</emphasis>
ventral view of female petiole
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">32</emphasis>
male antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">33</emphasis>
ventral view of male metasoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">34</emphasis>
lateral view of male metasoma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Size ranges from 1.76-1.91 mm for females, and 1.45-1.52 mm for males. The coloration on the body can range from almost completely yellow, to mostly black on the dorsolateral surfaces, particularly in males.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Associated with galls of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gates &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aprostocetus smilax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smilax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Aprostocetus smilax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, likely a parasitoid of the gall inducer.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Southern Florida, USA.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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