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<mods:title id="F01D79805BCBF18CF06054F70F746905">Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Temnodontosaurus zetlandicus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="2663F827FFDAAC5511BDF7A1FA2DFBDB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536799" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195298213" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6536799" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2663F827FFDAAC5511BDF7A1FA2DFBDB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2663F827FFDAAC5511BDF7A1FA2DFBDB" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">
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<paragraph id="AE754931FFDAAC5411BDF7A1FD6BFB6B" blockId="12.[217,724,1194,1219]" box="[217,724,1194,1219]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">
<heading id="F53DFE5DFFDAAC5411BDF7A1FD6BFB6B" box="[217,724,1194,1219]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDAAC5411BDF7A1FDFEFB6A" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[217,577,1195,1218]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC5411BDF7A1FDFEFB6A" box="[217,577,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">ICHTHYOSAURUS ACUTIROSTRIS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
OWEN, 1840
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE754931FFDAAC5411C7F7D9FC7AFB5E" blockId="12.[163,780,1234,1900]" lastBlockId="12.[827,1444,1156,1884]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">
In the past,
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDAAC54105FF7D9FE5CFB4F" authorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[315,483,1234,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptopterygiidae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC54105FF7D9FE5CFB4F" box="[315,483,1234,1256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">T. zetlandicus</emphasis>
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has been regarded as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDAAC54101BF7FBFD9DFAAE" baseAuthorityName="McGowan" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[383,546,1265,1286]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC54101BF7FBFD9DFAAE" box="[383,546,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">Ichthyosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDAAC54134BF7F8FD0CFAAF" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[559,691,1266,1287]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC54134BF7F8FD0CFAAF" box="[559,691,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">acutirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly because both came from the Lower Toarcian of Whitby (
<collectingCountry id="D6DD09A1FFDAAC5411CFF625FF66FAED" box="[171,217,1327,1349]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">UK</collectingCountry>
), without considering differences in cranial shape (
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC54119FF647FE06FACA" author="McGowan C" box="[251,441,1357,1378]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref14234" refString="McGowan C. 1974. A revision of the longipinnate ichthyosaurs of the Lower Jurassic of England, with description of the new species (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria). Life Science Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 97: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1974">McGowan, 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC5410ADF647FCBBFACA" author="McGowan C &amp; Motani R" box="[457,772,1357,1379]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" refId="ref14420" refString="McGowan C, Motani R. 2003. Ichthyopterygia. Handbook of paleoherpetology. Part 8. Munich: Friedrich Pfeil." type="book" year="2003">McGowan &amp; Motani, 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC5411C7F666FEFFFA29" author="Maisch M" box="[163,320,1388,1410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" pagination="151 - 214" refId="ref13515" refString="Maisch M. 2010. Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art. Palaeodiversity 3: 151 - 214." type="journal article" year="2010">Maisch, 2010</bibRefCitation>
). The current taxonomic placement of
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC5411CCF681FF0DFA08" box="[168,178,1419,1440]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">I</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDAAC5411ACF681FEEEFA08" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[200,337,1419,1440]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC5411ACF681FEEEFA08" box="[200,337,1419,1440]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">acutirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still controversial and has widely fluctuated overtime as this species has been classified in numerous genera (
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC5410DCF6C2FDC0FA75" author="McGowan C" box="[440,639,1480,1501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref14234" refString="McGowan C. 1974. A revision of the longipinnate ichthyosaurs of the Lower Jurassic of England, with description of the new species (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria). Life Science Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 97: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1974">McGowan, 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC5413F6F6C2FEF7FA54" author="Maisch MW &amp; Matzke AT" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref13672" refString="Maisch MW, Matzke AT. 2000. The Ichthyosauria. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkude, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 298: 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2000">Maisch &amp; Matzke, 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC54103DF6EDFD23FA54" author="McGowan C &amp; Motani R" box="[345,668,1510,1532]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" refId="ref14420" refString="McGowan C, Motani R. 2003. Ichthyopterygia. Handbook of paleoherpetology. Part 8. Munich: Friedrich Pfeil." type="book" year="2003">McGowan &amp; Motani, 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC5413C9F6ECFF60F9B2" author="Maisch M" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" pagination="151 - 214" refId="ref13515" refString="Maisch M. 2010. Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art. Palaeodiversity 3: 151 - 214." type="journal article" year="2010">Maisch, 2010</bibRefCitation>
). According to
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC5410CEF50FFDE0F9B3" author="Maisch M" box="[426,607,1541,1563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" pagination="151 - 214" refId="ref13515" refString="Maisch M. 2010. Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art. Palaeodiversity 3: 151 - 214." type="journal article" year="2010">Maisch (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, this species might represent a novel genus of Early Jurassic ichthyosaurian. Considering that the referred material from Whitby requires a complete revision, possibly representing a variety of taxa (
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC541366F58AFD27F93D" author="Maisch M" box="[514,664,1664,1686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" pagination="151 - 214" refId="ref13515" refString="Maisch M. 2010. Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art. Palaeodiversity 3: 151 - 214." type="journal article" year="2010">Maisch, 2010</bibRefCitation>
), focusing on the
<typeStatus id="7171F793FFDAAC541193F594FEE3F91C" box="[247,348,1694,1716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
seems adequate for the time being. However, this
<typeStatus id="7171F793FFDAAC54102CF5B7FE15F97B" box="[328,426,1725,1747]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(NHMUK PV OR 14553) (
<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDAAC541384F5B7FF0EF959" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,198,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-418@14.[319,1285,195,1157]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Photograph of the holotype of Ichthyosaurus acutirostris (NHMUK PV OR 14553). A, the whole specimen. B, interpretation of the skull." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536814/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) was thought to be lost but finally relocated in the ichthyosaur collections about 20 years ago (
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC5413FFF5F0FEEDF886" author="Chapman SD &amp; Doyle AM" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" refId="ref12018" refString="Chapman SD, Doyle AM. 2002. An initial investigation into the acquisition and conservation history of the fossil marine reptile Stenopterygius acutirostris (Owen) from the Upper Liassic near Whitby, Yorkshire, England." type="book" year="2002">Chapman &amp; Doyle, 2002</bibRefCitation>
; Lomax, 2019), in a damaged state since the anterior part of the rostrum and the basal part of the right forefin are now missing. Even more problematic, the specimen is
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC5415F4F78EFB55FB32" box="[1168,1258,1156,1178]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">de facto</emphasis>
unavailable for an undefined period of time (S. Chapman, pers. comm.,
<date id="DA746FF1FFDAAC54125FF7C8FC65FB70" box="[827,986,1218,1240]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" value="2021-08">August 2021</date>
) making the comparison even more challenging.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="AE754931FFDAAC551237F7F5FD46F8DC" blockId="12.[827,1444,1156,1884]" lastBlockId="13.[145,762,1427,1909]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">
The right forefin of NHMUK PV OR 14553 is complete and composed of more than 25 elements on the longest digit (
<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDAAC5412E5F636FC6BFAFA" box="[897,980,1340,1362]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,198,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-418@14.[319,1285,195,1157]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Photograph of the holotype of Ichthyosaurus acutirostris (NHMUK PV OR 14553). A, the whole specimen. B, interpretation of the skull." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536814/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
); however, the authenticity of this trait has been questioned (
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC541549F651FA80FAD8" author="Chapman SD &amp; Doyle AM" box="[1069,1343,1371,1393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" refId="ref12018" refString="Chapman SD, Doyle AM. 2002. An initial investigation into the acquisition and conservation history of the fossil marine reptile Stenopterygius acutirostris (Owen) from the Upper Liassic near Whitby, Yorkshire, England." type="book" year="2002">Chapman &amp; Doyle, 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC54142FF651FCCAFA27" author="Maisch M" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" pagination="151 - 214" refId="ref13515" refString="Maisch M. 2010. Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art. Palaeodiversity 3: 151 - 214." type="journal article" year="2010">Maisch, 2010</bibRefCitation>
; Lomax, 2019). If genuine, its length would represent an apomorphy since the number of elements in the longest digit in many early neoichthyosaurians does not exceed 20 (
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC541542F6DCFB71FA43" author="Motani R" box="[1062,1230,1494,1516]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" pagination="28 - 41" refId="ref14594" refString="Motani R. 1999 a. On the evolution and homologies of ichthyosaurian forefins. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 28 - 41." type="journal article" year="1999">Motani, 1999a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDAAC5415B8F6DCFCCCF9A2" author="Swaby EJ &amp; Lomax DR" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" pagination="2715 - 2731" refId="ref15048" refString="Swaby EJ, Lomax DR. 2020. A revision of Temnodontosaurus crassimanus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) of Whitby, Yorkshire, UK. Historical Biology 33: 2715 - 2731." type="journal article" year="2020">Swaby &amp; Lomax, 2020</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, this condition looks more similar to
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDAAC54125FF519FAE8F981" authority="(von Wurstemberger 1876)" baseAuthorityName="von Wurstemberger" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[827,1367,1555,1577]" class="Reptilia" family="Stenopterygiidae" genus="Stenopterygius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uniter">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC54125FF519FB96F981" box="[827,1065,1555,1577]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">Stenopterygius uniter</emphasis>
(von Wurstemberger 1876)
</taxonomicName>
, which has an elongated forefin (Maxwell, 2012). The left side of the skull is poorly preserved (
<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDAAC5415C2F55AFB59F9CE" box="[1190,1254,1616,1638]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,198,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-418@14.[319,1285,195,1157]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Photograph of the holotype of Ichthyosaurus acutirostris (NHMUK PV OR 14553). A, the whole specimen. B, interpretation of the skull." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536814/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
), which restricts our comparisons with the
<typeStatus id="7171F793FFDAAC541510F565FB67F92D" box="[1140,1240,1647,1669]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDAAC54159BF57AFA1CF92C" authorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1279,1443,1647,1669]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptopterygiidae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC54159BF57AFA1CF92C" box="[1279,1443,1647,1669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">T. zetlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CAMSM
<accessionNumber id="B199D4D2FFDAAC5412D1F584FBAEF90C" box="[949,1041,1678,1700]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J35176" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" type="EnaNcbi">J35176</accessionNumber>
). Nevertheless, some remaining elements allow to differentiate the
<specimenCount id="B8CC82B8FFDAAC541588F5A7FA21F96A" box="[1260,1438,1708,1730]" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
. Firstly, the most noticeable difference concerns the nasal. In
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDAAC5412D1F5E0FBDDF957" authorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[949,1122,1770,1791]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptopterygiidae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC5412D1F5E0FBDDF957" box="[949,1122,1770,1791]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">T. zetlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
this structure anteriorly ends as far as the maxilla and is not anterodorsally extended (
<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDAAC5412D2F42DFC40F894" box="[950,1023,1831,1853]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[142,220,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[289,1281,198,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-109@5.[286,1284,195,1644]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Photograph and interpretation of the holotype of Temnodontosaurus zetlandicus comb. nov. (CAMSM J35176). A, B, in left lateral view. C, D, in right lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536791/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDAAC54156AF42DFBF0F895" box="[1038,1103,1831,1853]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[164,242,1676,1698]" captionTargetBox="[355,1251,198,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-119@6.[352,1254,195,1636]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Photograph and interpretation of the holotype of Temnodontosaurus zetlandicus comb. nov. (CAMSM J35176). A, B, in dorsal view. C, D, in ventral view. Abbreviation: ECA, extracondylar area of the basioccipital." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536793/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">3A, B</figureCitation>
), whereas in
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC541592F422FAB8F895" box="[1270,1287,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">I.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDAAC541471F422FA23F895" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1301,1436,1832,1853]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="12" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDAAC541471F422FA23F895" box="[1301,1436,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="184">acutirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the nasal, even if it is incomplete, seems to anteriorly end further than the maxilla (
<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDBAC551082F699FD9AFA00" box="[486,549,1427,1449]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,198,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-418@14.[319,1285,195,1157]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Photograph of the holotype of Ichthyosaurus acutirostris (NHMUK PV OR 14553). A, the whole specimen. B, interpretation of the skull." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536814/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). This condition in
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC5511F2F6B8FF18FA6F" box="[150,167,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">I.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC5511D7F6B8FE89FA6F" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[179,310,1458,1479]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC5511D7F6B8FE89FA6F" box="[179,310,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">acutirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more similar to the rest of the Early Jurassic parvipelvians (
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDBAC5510C3F6DAFDFEFA4D" author="Maisch MW" box="[423,577,1488,1510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" pagination="227 - 271" refId="ref13479" refString="Maisch MW. 2008. Revision der Gattung Stenopterygius Jaekel, 1904 emend. von Huene, 1922 (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) aus dem unteren Jura Westeuropas. Palaeodiversity 1: 227 - 271." type="journal article" year="2008">Maisch, 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDBAC55132AF6DAFF75F9AC" author="Maxwell EE &amp; Fernandez MS &amp; Schoch RR" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" pagination="41692" refId="ref14124" refString="Maxwell EE, Fernandez MS, Schoch RR. 2012. First diagnostic marine reptile remains from the Aalenian (Middle Jurassic): a new ichthyosaur from southwestern Germany. PLoS One 7: e 41692." type="journal article" year="2012">
Maxwell
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC5513DDF6DBFD4CFA4D" box="[697,755,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDBAC5511BFF6E5FDBBF9AD" author="Massare JA &amp; Lomax DR" box="[219,516,1519,1541]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" pagination="5" refId="ref13889" refString="Massare JA, Lomax DR. 2016. A new specimen of Ichthyosaurus conybeari (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from Watchet, Somerset, England, U. K., and a re-examination of the species. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36: 5." type="journal article" year="2016">Lomax &amp; Massare, 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDBAC551371F6E5FF76F98B" author="Maxwell EE &amp; Cortes D" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" pagination="31" refId="ref14039" refString="Maxwell EE, Cortes D. 2020. A revision of the Early Jurassic ichthyosaur Hauffiopteryx (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria), and description of a new species from southwestern Germany. Palaeontologia Electronica 23: a 31." type="journal article" year="2020">Maxwell &amp; Cortés, 2020</bibRefCitation>
) with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC5510BEF507FF6EF9EA" authority="(Maisch, 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Maisch" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Reptilia" family="Suevoleviathanidae" genus="Suevoleviathan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC5510BEF507FD31F98A" box="[474,654,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Suevoleviathan</emphasis>
(Maisch, 2001)
</taxonomicName>
. The morphology of the jugal also seems to differ in that the posterior extremity would not be notched (
<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDBAC5511FDF563FF51F9D7" box="[153,238,1641,1663]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,198,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-418@14.[319,1285,195,1157]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Photograph of the holotype of Ichthyosaurus acutirostris (NHMUK PV OR 14553). A, the whole specimen. B, interpretation of the skull." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536814/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). In NHMUK PV OR 14553, the postfrontal does not bear a prominent ridge on the anterior margin of the supratemporal fenestra (
<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDBAC55132AF5ADFD1FF914" box="[590,672,1703,1725]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,198,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-418@14.[319,1285,195,1157]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Photograph of the holotype of Ichthyosaurus acutirostris (NHMUK PV OR 14553). A, the whole specimen. B, interpretation of the skull." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536814/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
), which is a distinctive feature of
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC5510A6F5CCFDDBF972" authorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[450,612,1733,1755]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptopterygiidae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC5510A6F5CCFDDBF972" box="[450,612,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">T. zetlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Concerning cranial dimensions, the length of the postorbital region is larger compared to the diameter of the orbit than in
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC5511D4F428FEEEF89E" authorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[176,337,1825,1847]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptopterygiidae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC5511D4F428FEEEF89E" box="[176,337,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">T. zetlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(~0.8 for
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC5510AEF428FE64F89F" box="[458,475,1826,1847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">I.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC55108DF428FDD0F89F" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[489,623,1826,1847]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC55108DF428FDD0F89F" box="[489,623,1826,1847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">acutirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. ~0.5 for
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC5511F5F44BFE8FF8FD" authorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[145,304,1856,1878]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptopterygiidae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC5511F5F44BFE8FF8FD" box="[145,304,1856,1878]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">T. zetlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see Supporting Information,
<tableCitation id="E3487C8AFFDBAC5513E8F44AFD4FF8FD" box="[652,752,1856,1878]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="13.[143,207,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (anteroposterior length," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FAB519B9FFDBAC5511EBF3CEFEF6FEE7" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" tableUuid="FAB519B9FFDBAC5511EBF3CEFEF6FEE7">Table S1</tableCitation>
) even if the skull appears to be smaller in
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC55133DF455FDDCF8DC" box="[601,611,1887,1908]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">I</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC551317F455FD46F8DC" box="[627,761,1887,1908]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC551317F455FD49F8DC" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[627,758,1887,1908]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">acutirostris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="FAB519B9FFDBAC5511EBF3CEFEF6FEE7" ID-Table-UUID="FAB519B9FFDBAC5511EBF3CEFEF6FEE7" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FAB519B9FFDBAC5511EBF3CEFEF6FEE7" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" startId="13.[143,207,196,217]" targetBox="[144,746,371,1344]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="AE754931FFDBAC5511EBF3CEFEF6FEE7" blockId="13.[143,727,196,335]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC5511EBF3CEFF56FF71" bold="true" box="[143,233,196,217]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Table 1.</emphasis>
Measurements (anteroposterior length, diameter, dorsoventral height, mediolateral width) of
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC5511F5F3F4FE6BFEBC" authorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[145,468,254,276]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptopterygiidae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC5511F5F3F4FE6BFEBC" box="[145,468,254,276]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Temnodontosaurus zetlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="878D2858FFDBAC5510BEF3F4FDFAFEBC" box="[474,581,254,276]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<typeStatus id="7171F793FFDBAC551335F3F4FD14FEBC" box="[593,683,254,276]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
CAMSM
<accessionNumber id="B199D4D2FFDBAC551194F216FE83FE9A" box="[240,316,284,306]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J35176" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" type="EnaNcbi">J35176</accessionNumber>
) and
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC55101CF216FD68FE9A" authorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[376,727,284,306]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptopterygiidae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC55101CF216FD81FE9A" box="[376,574,284,306]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Temnodontosaurus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC551305F216FD68FE9A" box="[609,727,284,306]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">zetlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHNL TU885)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AE754931FFDBAC551225F3CFFB26FCE8" blockId="13.[809,1426,197,1139]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
The taxonomic decisions in this paper require the assessment of the possible influence of ontogeny in driving the differences we observe between the
<typeStatus id="7171F793FFDBAC551457F208FA2EFEB0" box="[1331,1425,258,280]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC55122EF228FCEBFE9F" box="[842,852,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">I</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC55120CF228FC53FE9F" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[872,1004,290,311]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC55120CF228FC53FE9F" box="[872,1004,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">acutirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is small, and the
<typeStatus id="7171F793FFDBAC551476F22BFACBFE9F" box="[1298,1396,289,311]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC55124DF24AFC7FFEFD" authorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[809,960,320,341]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptopterygiidae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC55124DF24AFC7FFEFD" box="[809,960,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">T. zetlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. To do so, we assess the ontogenetic stage of the
<typeStatus id="7171F793FFDBAC551208F254FC76FEDC" box="[876,969,350,372]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC55128FF255FC4BFEDC" box="[1003,1012,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">I</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC551560F255FBC0FEDC" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1028,1151,351,372]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC551560F255FBC0FEDC" box="[1028,1151,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">acutirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by analysing the relative diameter of the sclerotic ring and the sclerotic aperture. This analysis has been used in the past to segregate juveniles (and supposed deep divers) from adults in neoichthyosaurians (
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDBAC55156EF2D3FB49FE47" author="Fernandez M &amp; Archuby F &amp; Talevi M &amp; Ebner R" box="[1034,1270,473,495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" pagination="330 - 337" refId="ref12112" refString="Fernandez M, Archuby F, Talevi M, Ebner R. 2005. Ichthyosaurian eyes: paleobiological information content in the sclerotic ring of Caypullisaurus (Ichthyosauria, Ophthalmosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25: 330 - 337." type="journal article" year="2005">
Fernández
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC5515E7F2D0FB08FE46" box="[1155,1207,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
; Fischer
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC551433F2D0FA34FE46" box="[1367,1419,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013). Indeed, the orbit is nearly completely filled by the sclerotic ring in juveniles and deep divers, whereas in nondeep diving adult forms, the sclerotic rings tend to occupy a smaller area within the orbit. Our measurements (taking into account that the postorbital has been displaced in NHMUK PV OR 14553) place of the
<typeStatus id="7171F793FFDBAC551450F19BFA2EFD0F" box="[1332,1425,657,679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC551223F1BAFCEEFD6D" box="[839,849,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">I</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC551205F1BAFC61FD6D" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[865,990,688,709]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC551205F1BAFC61FD6D" box="[865,990,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">acutirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
well within the adult ontogenetic stage (
<figureCitation id="36F155B4FFDBAC551254F1C4FCC7FD4B" box="[816,888,718,740]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[145,229,683,705]" captionTargetBox="[149,730,198,568]" captionTargetId="graphics-728@17.[317,584,324,569]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Sclerotic aperture and external sclerotic diameters of various parvipelvians relative to orbit diameter. The grey colour represents the repartition of the species included in the study of Fernández et al. (2005) and the orange colour is relative to the values and the position of Ichthyosaurus acutirostris. Modified from Fischer et al. (2013). Values for I. acutirostris: sclerotic aperture diameter: 17.2 mm; external sclerotic diameter: 48.8 mm; orbit diameter: 76.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6536820/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). According to these results, the differences in size and morphology between the
<typeStatus id="7171F793FFDBAC551516F1E7FB6EFCAB" box="[1138,1233,749,771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC551593F1E4FABEFCAB" box="[1271,1281,750,771]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">I</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC551476F1E4FA2EFCAB" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1298,1425,750,771]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC551476F1E4FA2EFCAB" box="[1298,1425,750,771]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">acutirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the
<typeStatus id="7171F793FFDBAC5512E7F006FC5EFC8A" box="[899,993,780,802]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC551566F006FB27FC89" authorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1026,1176,780,801]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptopterygiidae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC551566F006FB27FC89" box="[1026,1176,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">T. zetlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be regarded as driven by osteological immaturity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="AE754931FFDBAC5511F4F279FD7CFAE8" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<table id="DCCABB91FFDB53A711F4F279FD55FAE8" box="[144,746,371,1344]" gridcols="3" gridrows="32" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F279FD55FE21" box="[144,746,371,393]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F279FE58FE21" box="[144,487,371,393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Measurements (in mm)</th>
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F279FDE6FE21" box="[512,601,371,393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">CAMSM</th>
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF279FD55FE21" box="[654,746,371,393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">MNHNL</th>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F29AFD55FE0E" box="[144,746,400,422]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F29AFDE6FE0E" box="[512,601,400,422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<accessionNumber id="B199D4D2FFDBAC551364F29AFDF3FE0E" box="[512,588,400,422]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J35176" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" type="EnaNcbi">J35176</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF29AFD55FE0E" box="[654,746,400,422]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">TU885</td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F2C2FD55FE76" box="[144,746,456,478]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F2C2FE58FE76" box="[144,487,456,478]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the skull (estimation)</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F2C2FDE6FE76" box="[512,601,456,478]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">990</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF2C2FD55FE76" box="[654,746,456,478]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F2ECFD55FE54" box="[144,746,486,508]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F2ECFE58FE54" box="[144,487,486,508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the rostrum (estima-</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F2ECFDE6FE54" box="[512,601,486,508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">680</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF2ECFD55FE54" box="[654,746,486,508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F109FD55FDB1" box="[144,746,515,537]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F109FE58FDB1" box="[144,487,515,537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">tion)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F12BFD55FD9F" box="[144,746,545,567]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F12BFE58FD9F" box="[144,487,545,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the pre-naris rostrum</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F12BFDE6FD9F" box="[512,601,545,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">544</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF12BFD55FD9F" box="[654,746,545,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F134FD55FDFC" box="[144,746,574,596]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F134FE58FDFC" box="[144,487,574,596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">(estimation)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F157FD55FDDB" box="[144,746,605,627]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F157FE58FDDB" box="[144,487,605,627]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Height of the left orbit</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F157FDE6FDDB" box="[512,601,605,627]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">160</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF157FD55FDDB" box="[654,746,605,627]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F171FD55FD39" box="[144,746,635,657]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F171FE58FD39" box="[144,487,635,657]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the left orbit</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F171FDE6FD39" box="[512,601,635,657]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">195</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF171FD55FD39" box="[654,746,635,657]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F193FD55FD07" box="[144,746,665,687]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F193FE58FD07" box="[144,487,665,687]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Height of the right orbit</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F193FDE6FD07" box="[512,601,665,687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">164</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF193FD55FD07" box="[654,746,665,687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F1BDFD55FD65" box="[144,746,695,717]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F1BDFE58FD65" box="[144,487,695,717]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the right orbit</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F1BDFDE6FD65" box="[512,601,695,717]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">201</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF1BDFD55FD65" box="[654,746,695,717]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F1DFFD55FD43" box="[144,746,725,747]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F1DFFE58FD43" box="[144,487,725,747]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Height of the left sclerotic ring</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F1DFFDE6FD43" box="[512,601,725,747]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF1DFFD55FD43" box="[654,746,725,747]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">165</td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F1F9FD55FCA1" box="[144,746,755,777]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F1F9FE58FCA1" box="[144,487,755,777]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the left sclerotic ring</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F1F9FDE6FCA1" box="[512,601,755,777]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF1F9FD55FCA1" box="[654,746,755,777]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">159</td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F01BFD55FC8F" box="[144,746,785,807]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F01BFE58FC8F" box="[144,487,785,807]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the left supratemporal</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F01BFDE6FC8F" box="[512,601,785,807]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">165</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF01BFD55FC8F" box="[654,746,785,807]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F024FD55FCEC" box="[144,746,814,836]" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F024FE58FCEC" box="[144,487,814,836]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">fenestra</th>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F046FD55FCCA" box="[144,746,844,866]" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F046FE58FCCA" box="[144,487,844,866]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the right</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F046FDE6FCCA" box="[512,601,844,866]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">~149</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF046FD55FCCA" box="[654,746,844,866]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">147</td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F063FD55FCD7" box="[144,746,873,895]" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F063FE58FCD7" box="[144,487,873,895]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">supratemporal fenestra</th>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F08DFD55FC35" box="[144,746,903,925]" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F08DFE58FC35" box="[144,487,903,925]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the left naris</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F08DFDE6FC35" box="[512,601,903,925]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">109</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF08DFD55FC35" box="[654,746,903,925]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F0AFFD55FC13" box="[144,746,933,955]" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F0AFFE58FC13" box="[144,487,933,955]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the right naris</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F0AFFDE6FC13" box="[512,601,933,955]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">112</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF0AFFD55FC13" box="[654,746,933,955]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F0CEFD55FC72" box="[144,746,964,986]" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F0CEFE58FC72" box="[144,487,964,986]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the parietal foramen</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F0CEFDE6FC72" box="[512,601,964,986]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">30</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF0CEFD55FC72" box="[654,746,964,986]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">28</td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F0E8FD55FC50" box="[144,746,994,1016]" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F0E8FE58FC50" box="[144,487,994,1016]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Width of the parietal foramen</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F0E8FDE6FC50" box="[512,601,994,1016]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">10</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF0E8FD55FC50" box="[654,746,994,1016]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F70AFD55FBBE" box="[144,746,1024,1046]" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F70AFE58FBBE" box="[144,487,1024,1046]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the left postorbital</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F70AFDE6FBBE" box="[512,601,1024,1046]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">106</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF70AFD55FBBE" box="[654,746,1024,1046]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">89</td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F717FD55FB9B" box="[144,746,1053,1075]" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F717FE58FB9B" box="[144,487,1053,1075]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">region</th>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F731FD55FBF9" box="[144,746,1083,1105]" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F731FE58FBF9" box="[144,487,1083,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the right postorbital</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F731FDE6FBF9" box="[512,601,1083,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">95</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF731FD55FBF9" box="[654,746,1083,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F752FD55FBC6" box="[144,746,1112,1134]" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F752FE58FBC6" box="[144,487,1112,1134]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">region</th>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F77CFD55FB24" box="[144,746,1142,1164]" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F77CFE58FB24" box="[144,487,1142,1164]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the parietal</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F77CFDE6FB24" box="[512,601,1142,1164]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">173</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF77CFD55FB24" box="[654,746,1142,1164]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">152</td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F79EFD55FB02" box="[144,746,1172,1194]" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F79EFE58FB02" box="[144,487,1172,1194]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Length of the frontal</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F79EFDE6FB02" box="[512,601,1172,1194]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">125</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF79EFD55FB02" box="[654,746,1172,1194]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">~120</td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F7B8FD55FB60" box="[144,746,1202,1224]" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F7B8FE58FB60" box="[144,487,1202,1224]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Height of the basioccipital</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F7B8FDE6FB60" box="[512,601,1202,1224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="185"></td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF7B8FD55FB60" box="[654,746,1202,1224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">102</td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F7DAFD55FB4E" box="[144,746,1232,1254]" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F7DAFE58FB4E" box="[144,487,1232,1254]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Width of the basioccipital</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F7DAFDE6FB4E" box="[512,601,1232,1254]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">90</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF7DAFD55FB4E" box="[654,746,1232,1254]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">103</td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F7E4FD55FAAC" box="[144,746,1262,1284]" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F7E4FE58FAAC" box="[144,487,1262,1284]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Height of the basioccipital</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A71364F7E4FDE6FAAC" box="[512,601,1262,1284]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">_</td>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF7E4FD55FAAC" box="[654,746,1262,1284]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">61</td>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F606FD55FA8A" box="[144,746,1292,1314]" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F606FE58FA8A" box="[144,487,1292,1314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">condyle</th>
</tr>
<tr id="10FA4B73FFDB53A711F4F620FD55FAE8" box="[144,746,1322,1344]" gridrow="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
<th id="532B220FFFDB53A711F4F620FDE6FAE8" box="[144,601,1322,1344]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Width of the basioccipital condyle 66</th>
<td id="532B220FFFDB53A713EAF620FD55FAE8" box="[654,746,1322,1344]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">78</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="E6D01ABAFFDBAC551225F043FA2DFBDB" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AE754931FFDBAC551225F043FA2DFBDB" blockId="13.[809,1426,197,1139]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">
Our morphological comparison, albeit limited, indicates that the incorporation of
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC551581F062FA2EFCD5" authorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Laboury &amp; Bennion &amp; Thuy &amp; Weis &amp; Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1253,1425,872,893]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptopterygiidae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zetlandicus">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC551581F062FA2EFCD5" box="[1253,1425,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">T. zetlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC551523F08DFBEEFC34" box="[1095,1105,903,924]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">I</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC551502F08DFB51FC34" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1126,1262,903,924]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC551502F08DFB51FC34" box="[1126,1262,903,924]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">acutirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is untenable. The other material referred to
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC5515FBF0ACFB16FC13" box="[1183,1193,934,955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">I</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC5515D9F0ACFAFAFC13" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1213,1349,934,955]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC5515D9F0ACFAFAFC13" box="[1213,1349,934,955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">acutirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
needs a thorough reinvestigation once the material is accessible again (
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDBAC551563F0E8FB14FC5F" author="Maisch M" box="[1031,1195,994,1016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" pagination="151 - 214" refId="ref13515" refString="Maisch M. 2010. Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art. Palaeodiversity 3: 151 - 214." type="journal article" year="2010">Maisch, 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDBAC5515DAF0E8FCDDFBBE" author="Swaby EJ &amp; Lomax DR" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" pagination="2715 - 2731" refId="ref15048" refString="Swaby EJ, Lomax DR. 2020. A revision of Temnodontosaurus crassimanus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) of Whitby, Yorkshire, UK. Historical Biology 33: 2715 - 2731." type="journal article" year="2020">Swaby &amp; Lomax, 2020</bibRefCitation>
). Like
<bibRefCitation id="CA5B34C0FFDBAC5512DCF70BFBDEFBBF" author="Maisch M" box="[952,1121,1025,1047]" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" pagination="151 - 214" refId="ref13515" refString="Maisch M. 2010. Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art. Palaeodiversity 3: 151 - 214." type="journal article" year="2010">Maisch (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, we suggest removing
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC55141EF708FA3BFBBF" box="[1402,1412,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">I</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC55124DF72AFC0CFB9D" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[809,947,1056,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC55124DF72AFC0CFB9D" box="[809,947,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">acutirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC551299F72AFB60FB9D" baseAuthorityName="Maisch" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1021,1247,1056,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptopterygiidae" genus="Temnodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC551299F72AFB60FB9D" box="[1021,1247,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Temnodontosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and placing it as
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC55122FF735FB98FBFB" box="[843,1063,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">species inquirenda</emphasis>
, as
<taxonomicName id="69CA32B2FFDBAC55153DF734FA2EFBFC" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1113,1425,1086,1108]" class="Reptilia" family="Ichthyosauridae" genus="Ichthyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ichthyosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="9CBE9523FFDBAC55153DF734FA2EFBFC" box="[1113,1425,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="185">Ichthyosaurus acutirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
according the initial assignment given by Owen (1840).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>