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<document id="E0186F9C0A315E2440376916026643DD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5506.2.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13746887" ID-ZooBank="4D2E3ED0-9FD1-4418-8760-ABFC2E63D709" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1726053630734" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Larré, Igor R. N. M., Almeida, Ana C. S. &amp; Vieira, Leandro M." docDate="2024" docId="110E87CE1F2BFFFDFF60FD55FB6CF897" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5506.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5506 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.2.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aptonella violacea F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler 1928" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="247" masterDocId="ED37FFB61F29FFFFFFF7FFAFFFE5FFDA" masterDocTitle="On some colorful bryozoans from Brazil: reevaluation of Aptonella violacea Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 and a new species of Cosciniopsis Canu &amp; Bassler, 1927" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="245" pageNumber="247" updateTime="1726054668896" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="99B21A3B64F206ED5DE611376F78C5F8">On some colorful bryozoans from Brazil: reevaluation of Aptonella violacea Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 and a new species of Cosciniopsis Canu &amp; Bassler, 1927</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ADD3B1F52FFC610A1255BF5E1EE4EFD9">Larré, Igor R. N. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="41BD4A6C6C2F004DC51F896A23235504">Almeida, Ana C. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8EA3305445E91878043CDE397D9DA457">Museu de História Natural, Setor da Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170 - 115, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C82682EB963D51D221F1C76D28124675">Vieira, Leandro M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="339BA43E02E475EA9D8036BEF5C65C9F">Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa - LAEBry, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670 - 810, Brazil. &amp; Department of Life Science, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="A9F6E561DA4D28421A12F79028246D2B">2024</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="991836D81F2BFFFDFF60FD55FCB8FCCE" blockId="2.[151,861,762,789]" box="[151,861,762,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<heading id="C25081B41F2BFFFDFF60FD55FCB8FCCE" bold="true" box="[151,861,762,789]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" reason="1">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFF60FD55FCB8FCCE" bold="true" box="[151,861,762,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
Classification of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFE9FFD55FCB8FCCE" ID-CoL="FZ7Y" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928" authorityName="F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[360,861,762,789]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFE9FFD55FDA2FCCF" bold="true" box="[360,583,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Aptonella violacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFDB8FD55FCB8FCCE" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[591,861,762,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="58 - 110" refId="ref10161" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Seine - et - Oise, 9, 58 - 110." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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The status of the genus
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFE47FCECFDF8FC87" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[432,541,835,861]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFE47FCECFDF8FC87" box="[432,541,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Aptonella</emphasis>
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has been a subject of discussion throughout the 20
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and early 21
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centuries, particularly regarding the distinctive purplish to reddish pigmentation of its cystid. This characteristic suggests a similarity with
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFEC8FC24FE2BFC7F" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1927" box="[319,462,907,933]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Cosciniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFEC8FC24FE2BFC7F" box="[319,462,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Cosciniopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFDE6FC24FD42FC7F" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[529,679,906,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="641 - 1147" refId="ref10901" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora II. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 d, 641 - 1147." type="journal article" year="1957">Harmer 1957</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFD46FC24FC6AFC7F" author="Tilbrook, K. J. &amp; Hayward, P. J. &amp; Gordon, D. P." box="[689,911,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref12551" refString="Tilbrook, K. J., Hayward, P. J. &amp; Gordon, D. P. (2001) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 131 (1), 35 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2001. tb 01309. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
Tilbrook
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFCE0FC24FCA2FC7F" box="[791,839,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFC57FC24FBCAFC7F" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1927" box="[928,1071,907,933]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Cosciniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFC57FC24FBCAFC7F" box="[928,1071,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Cosciniopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established for
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFAFAFC24FE14FC13" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1927" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1927" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Cosciniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="coelatus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFAFAFC24FF11FC13" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Cosciniopsis coelatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFF0CFC00FE14FC13" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[251,497,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref10127" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1927) Classification of the cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 69, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1927">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1927</bibRefCitation>
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, known for its hyperstomial ovicell closed by the operculum (cleithral;
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFAFFFC00FAF9FC13" box="[1288,1308,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">cf</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFADEFC00FF34FC37" author="Ostrovsky, A. N." pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="195 - 204" refId="ref12038" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. (2008) Brood chambers in cheilostome Bryozoa: diversity and revised terminology. In: Hageman, S. J., Key, M. M. &amp; Winston, J. E. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 14 th International Bryozoology Association Conference, Boone. North Carolina, Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 15. Museum of Natural History, North Carolina, Virginia, pp. 195 - 204." type="book chapter" year="2008">Ostrovsky 2008</bibRefCitation>
) and a pseudoporous frontal wall identical to the ovicell surface. These features are readily observable in the
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2BFFFDFF60FC58FF0BFBCB" box="[151,238,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFEE5FC58FE75FBCB" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1927" box="[274,400,1015,1041]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Cosciniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="coelatus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFEE5FC58FE75FBCB" box="[274,400,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">C. coelatus</emphasis>
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illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFDD8FC58FD3FFBCB" author="Tilbrook, K. J." box="[559,730,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref12514" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs, 4 (Studies in Biodiversity Number 3), 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="2006">Tilbrook (2006</bibRefCitation>
, p. 237, pl. 52ac), making it morphologically distinct from the type material of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFEB8FBB4FE28FBEF" authorityName="F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[335,461,1051,1077]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFEB8FBB4FE28FBEF" box="[335,461,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">A. violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="019C2A5D1F2BFFFDFE2BFBB4FDC5FBEF" box="[476,544,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-310@4.[151,1435,934,1902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cycloperiella violacea (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb., USNM 8556, Lectotype, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, B. General view of the colony. C. Detail of zooids with partially damaged ovicells. D. Cormidial ovicell (dashed arrow), latero-oral adventitious avicularium (arrow), and raised peristome on ovicelled zooid forming a pseudosinus. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C, D = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746891/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), which exhibits an ovicell with an opening above the operculum (acleithral;
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFA76FBB4FA70FBEF" box="[1409,1429,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">cf</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFF60FB90FEABFB83" author="Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[151,334,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="195 - 204" refId="ref12038" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. (2008) Brood chambers in cheilostome Bryozoa: diversity and revised terminology. In: Hageman, S. J., Key, M. M. &amp; Winston, J. E. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 14 th International Bryozoology Association Conference, Boone. North Carolina, Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 15. Museum of Natural History, North Carolina, Virginia, pp. 195 - 204." type="book chapter" year="2008">Ostrovsky 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991836D81F2BFFFDFF30FBCCFAFDFAD7" blockId="2.[151,1437,834,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFF30FBCCFE9EFBA7" author="Hastings, A. B." box="[199,379,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="697 - 740" refId="ref10935" refString="Hastings, A. B. (1930) Cheilostomatous Polyzoa from the vicinity of the Panama Canal collected by Dr. A. Crossland on the cruise of the S. Y. ' St George'. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 99, 697 - 740. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1929. tb 01453. x" type="journal article" year="1930">Hastings (1930)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFE11FBCCFD81FBA7" authorityName="F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[486,612,1123,1149]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFE11FBCCFD81FBA7" box="[486,612,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">A. violacea</emphasis>
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in the Gorgona Island,
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(Pacific Ocean), highlighting variations in zooid and operculum sizes compared to Brazilian specimens. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFC39FB28FB85FB7B" author="Cook, P. L." box="[974,1120,1158,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref10306" refString="Cook, P. L. (1985) Bryozoa from Ghana. A preliminary survey. Annales Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences zoologiques, Tervuren, 238, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1985">Cook (1985)</bibRefCitation>
identified specimens along the coast of
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2BFFFDFEDEFB04FE97FB1F" box="[297,370,1195,1221]" name="Ghana" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Ghana</collectingCountry>
as
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFE68FB04FDC5FB1F" authorityName="F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[415,544,1195,1221]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFE68FB04FDC5FB1F" box="[415,544,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">A. violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and assigned two species as junior synonyms:
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFBBDFB04FF37FB33" authority="Osburn, 1940" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1940" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Gephyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFBBDFB04FADCFB1F" box="[1098,1337,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Gephyrophora rubra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFAB4FB04FF37FB33" author="Osburn, R. C." pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="321 - 486" refId="ref11966" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1940) Bryozoa of Porto Rico with a resume of the West Indian bryozoan fauna. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 16, 321 - 486." type="journal article" year="1940">Osburn, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described from
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2BFFFDFE62FB60FDFAFB33" box="[405,543,1231,1257]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFDA8FB60FBE5FB33" authority="Osburn, 1947" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1947" box="[607,1024,1231,1257]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFDA8FB60FCBCFB32" box="[607,857,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Cycloperiella rosacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFC95FB60FBE5FB33" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[866,1024,1231,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref12005" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1947) Bryozoa of the Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition, 1939. Report of the Allan Hancock Atlantic Expeditions, 5, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1947">Osburn, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described from the Colombian and Venezuelan Caribbean. These species were also characterized by their reddish to pinkish pigmentation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991836D81F2BFFFDFF30FAB8FC99FA3F" blockId="2.[151,1437,834,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
In the illustration and description of the
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2BFFFDFD79FAB8FD5BFAEB" box="[654,702,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFCA1FAB8FC20FAEB" box="[854,965,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
Ge.
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFC72FAB8FC20FAEB" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1940" box="[901,965,1303,1329]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Gephyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rubra">rubra</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, the ovicells are unknown, and the paired avicularia are positioned in the latero-oral region with the rostrum converging over the orifice (
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFB16FA94FA9FFA8F" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1249,1402,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="321 - 486" refId="ref11966" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1940) Bryozoa of Porto Rico with a resume of the West Indian bryozoan fauna. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 16, 321 - 486." type="journal article" year="1940">Osburn 1940</bibRefCitation>
), a characteristic not reported in
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFE13FAF0FD86FAA3" authorityName="F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[484,611,1375,1401]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFE13FAF0FD86FAA3" box="[484,611,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">A. violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFD86FAF0FC44FAA3" author="Winston, J. E. &amp; Jackson, J. B. C." box="[625,929,1375,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 281" refId="ref13072" refString="Winston, J. E. &amp; Jackson, J. B. C. (2021) Coral reef-associated bryozoans of Jamaica. Zootaxa, 4988 (1), 1 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4988.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">Winston &amp; Jackson (2021)</bibRefCitation>
recorded some specimens from
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2BFFFDFAE6FAF0FA8EFAA3" box="[1297,1387,1375,1401]" name="Jamaica" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
and illustrated the ovicells showing an acleithral opening but found no evidence of them being cormidial. According to
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFF60FA08FED8FA1B" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[151,317,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref12005" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1947) Bryozoa of the Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition, 1939. Report of the Allan Hancock Atlantic Expeditions, 5, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1947">Osburn (1947)</bibRefCitation>
, the
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2BFFFDFE85FA08FE47FA1B" box="[370,418,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFDDEFA08FD49FA1A" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1947" box="[553,684,1447,1473]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFDDEFA08FD49FA1A" box="[553,684,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Cy. rosacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents a single broken ovicell, but other described and illustrated characteristics indicate a congeneric relationship with
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFD00FA64FC90FA3F" authorityName="F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[759,885,1483,1509]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFD00FA64FC90FA3F" box="[759,885,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">A. violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991836D81F2BFFFDFF30FA40FD65F93B" blockId="2.[151,1437,834,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFF30FA40FEBCF9D3" author="Cook, P. L." box="[199,345,1518,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref10306" refString="Cook, P. L. (1985) Bryozoa from Ghana. A preliminary survey. Annales Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences zoologiques, Tervuren, 238, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1985">Cook (1985)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that a third reddish-pigmented species,
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFC50FA40FA7DF9D3" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[935,1432,1519,1545]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFC50FA40FB6FF9D3" box="[935,1162,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Cycloperiella rubra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFB63FA40FA7DF9D3" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[1172,1432,1519,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 302" refId="ref10079" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1923) North American later Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 125, 1 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 159661" type="journal article" year="1923">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described for Miocene and Pliocene of the southeastern
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2BFFFDFCF6F9BCFCD2F9F7" box="[769,823,1555,1581]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">USA</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="E1B076481F2BFFFDFC9CF9BCFC2DF9F7" box="[875,968,1555,1581]" name="Jamaica" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
, might be synonymous or congeneric with
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFF60F998FEF0F98B" authorityName="F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,277,1591,1617]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFF60F998FEF0F98B" box="[151,277,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">A. violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="461C887A1F2BFFFDFEA1F998FE48F98B" box="[342,429,1591,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFE24F998FDDBF98B" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[467,574,1591,1617]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFE24F998FDDBF98B" box="[467,574,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Cy. rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFCF2F998FBE8F98B" author="Di Martino, E. &amp; Taylor, P. D. &amp; Portell, R. W." box="[773,1037,1591,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref10528" refString="Di Martino, E., Taylor, P. D. &amp; Portell, R. W. (2019) Anomia - associated bryozoans from the upper Pliocene (Piacenzian) lower Tamiami Formation of Florida, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22.1. 11, 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 920" type="journal article" year="2019">
Di Martino
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFC7DF998FC5EF98B" box="[906,955,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">et al</emphasis>
. (2019
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 42, fig. 35), exhibits similarities with
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFF23F9F4FEB3F9AF" authorityName="F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[212,342,1627,1653]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFF23F9F4FEB3F9AF" box="[212,342,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">A. violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Consequently, the morphological characteristics observed in
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFBDDF9F4FB7FF9AF" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[1066,1178,1627,1653]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFBDDF9F4FB7FF9AF" box="[1066,1178,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Cy. rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFB59F9F4FB27F9AF" box="[1198,1218,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">cf</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFB23F9F4FF34F943" author="Di Martino, E. &amp; Taylor, P. D. &amp; Portell, R. W." pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref10528" refString="Di Martino, E., Taylor, P. D. &amp; Portell, R. W. (2019) Anomia - associated bryozoans from the upper Pliocene (Piacenzian) lower Tamiami Formation of Florida, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22.1. 11, 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 920" type="journal article" year="2019">
Di Martino
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFA97F9F4FA70F9AF" box="[1376,1429,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
) suggest that the genus
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFE14F9D0FD9EF943" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[483,635,1663,1689]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFE14F9D0FD9EF943" box="[483,635,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a senior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFC78F9D0FC19F943" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[911,1020,1663,1689]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Gigantoporidae" genus="Aptonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFC78F9D0FC19F943" box="[911,1020,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Aptonella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The morphological characterization of
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFF4FF90CFE5DF967" authorityName="Larré &amp; Almeida &amp; Vieira" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[184,440,1699,1725]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="violacea" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFF4FF90CFE5DF967" box="[184,440,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Cycloperiella violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFE36F90CFDCCF967" bold="true" box="[449,553,1699,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B0E057B11F2BFFFDFE36F90CFDCCF967" box="[449,553,1699,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is presented below, along with comments on the classification of the species concerning morphologically related genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991836D81F2BFFFDFF30F944FB6CF897" blockId="2.[151,1437,834,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
Furthermore, considering the differences between the genus
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFC78F944FBC2F8DF" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1923" box="[911,1063,1771,1797]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Cycloperiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ABD3EACA1F2BFFFDFC78F944FBC2F8DF" box="[911,1063,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Cycloperiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other genera in the family
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFF60F8A0FD61F8F3" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1917" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,644,1807,1833]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
Stomachetosellidae
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFE8AF8A0FD61F8F3" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[381,644,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref9986" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1917) A synopsis of American Early Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 96, 1 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.96.1" type="journal article" year="1917">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, we recommend transferring the genus to the family
<taxonomicName id="5EA74D5B1F2BFFFDFB09F8A0FE90F897" authority="MacGillivray, 1895" authorityName="MacGillivray" authorityYear="1895" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bitectiporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
Bitectiporidae
<bibRefCitation id="FD364B291F2BFFFDFF60F89CFE90F897" author="MacGillivray, P. H." box="[151,373,1842,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" pagination="1 - 166" refId="ref11579" refString="MacGillivray, P. H. (1895) A monograph of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria, 4, 1 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6076" type="journal article" year="1895">MacGillivray, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the morphological characteristics of the ovicell (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>