427 lines
52 KiB
XML
427 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="F4F5052CC780A293E70411E2A65B111A" ID-CLB-Dataset="8923" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4820.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce83a1e1-c5fb-4b14-87a3-658d8f417ba8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4397377" ID-ZooBank="033AB19B-0887-42F3-B284-E3D40148FE7B" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609206649360" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Boonzaaier-Davids, Melissa K., Florence, Wayne K. & Gibbons, Mark J." docDate="2020" docId="03F777527A41B159DBF7FD4FABB65A0B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4820.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4820 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Biflustra adenticulata Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons 2020, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="FFCE0F2A7A43B15DDB60FFC0A82F5812" masterDocTitle="Novel taxa of Cheilostomata Bryozoa discovered in the historical backlogs of the Iziko South African Museum" masterLastPageNumber="133" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="107" updateTime="1701996887291" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="02A901D07DEC46C1695A20396BEA5BC3">
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<mods:title id="501D5428C4C3361F0FFC659E335EE7DA">Novel taxa of Cheilostomata Bryozoa discovered in the historical backlogs of the Iziko South African Museum</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="74861B11AC893A0A3976ED9E9E974516" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3A846482496FFA2846098EAACFC137BA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9AD59A16B965C00CFE6A5B20AB54743D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="479E45D2AAABE029049081BAA8C85C27">Boonzaaier-Davids, Melissa K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E1538FE9E1FA8B860756E6B9B34E730">Research and Exhibitions Department, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa. & Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FF81017BB03DD27AAE2C232E71500AB7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="063889B18543B6DA4696D81978CE8FA8">Florence, Wayne K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6DDBB21070B9918915DF02B849BDED91" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0224-2874</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="412F5346061A1265919E938404A4B670">Research and Exhibitions Department, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa. & wflorence @ iziko. org. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0224 - 2874</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3D8BC4DDAF4D9E99876720F22D0E81DA" type="email">wflorence@iziko.org.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="063E0DC8229E6E38E795F81BF80A13F0">Gibbons, Mark J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="667BD8A5B7ACA8833E9A0D410F3187F1" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8320-8151</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="AE57BD9000C300D19948BA6DB58E28BD">Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa. & mgibbons @ uwc. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8320 - 8151</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6C494F4445BC08BC18BFBB9C1D12F607" type="email">mgibbons@uwc.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="0C9C72C640863EA53B65608538970F8A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D1843B2C2F0A6DFD64B8C707CFF9AF2A">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="650836B1856CDCA53B7ADF99367E7122">2020-07-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="775A82398B1AB7F1F152EC59979D9D7A">4820</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F777527A41B159DBF7FD4FABB65A0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4437390" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176580406" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4437390" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F777527A41B159DBF7FD4FABB65A0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F777527A41B159DBF7FD4FABB65A0B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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<heading id="D0A971287A41B15FDBF7FD4FA9C55ABB" bold="true" box="[151,490,655,682]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDBF7FD4FA9C55ABB" bold="true" box="[151,490,655,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A41B15FDBF7FD4FA98F5AB8" authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,416,655,682]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="adenticulata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDBF7FD4FA98F5AB8" bold="true" box="[151,416,655,682]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Biflustra adenticulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219A72D7A41B15FDAC7FD4FA9C55ABB" box="[423,490,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34495CF7A41B15FDBF7FD73AB605AE0" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A41B15FDBF7FD73A9505ADF" blockId="2.[151,847,655,754]" box="[151,383,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1365DAC17A41B15FDBC0FD73A8CE5ADF" box="[160,225,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1785,1809]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,424,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-141@3.[151,1436,417,1762]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–E. Biflustra adenticulata n. sp. A. View of autozooids around the fenestrula (SAMC-A028915) (scale bar = 0.5 mm, magnified x50). B. Smaller, irregular shaped zooids (kenozooids) (SAMC-A028915) (scale bar = 0.1 mm, magnified x200). C. Frontal view of young zooids (SAMC-A028915) (scale bar = 0.2 mm, magnified x100). D. View of zooids near the fenestrula margin (SAMC-A029105) (scale bar = 0.2 mm, magnified x75). E. Multiporous distal mural septula (arrow) and kenozooids on the outer margin (SAMC-A029105) (scale bar = 0.2 mm, magnified x75)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397382/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A–E,
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<tableCitation id="C6DCF3FF7A41B15FDA43FD73A95C5ADF" box="[291,371,691,717]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,244,584,608]" captionTargetBox="[166,1232,625,810]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of the holotype of Biflustra adenticulata n. sp." pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A41B15FDBF7FD17AB605AE0" blockId="2.[151,847,655,754]" box="[151,847,727,754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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zoobank.org/
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34495CF7A41B15FDBF7FCDFA9675BFF" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A41B15FDBF7FCDFA9675BFF" blockId="2.[151,1437,799,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDBF7FCDFA9AB5B2B" bold="true" box="[151,388,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B36CC197A41B15FDAEFFCDFAC6C5B4C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015250354" collectingDate="1959-03-24" collectionCode="SAMC-A" county="Kommetjie" elevation="75" latitude="-34.156666" location="Ecological Survey" longLatPrecision="119" longitude="18.275" municipality="Peninsula" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="SAMC-A029105" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDAEFFCDFA9D05B2B" box="[399,511,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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<typeStatus id="54E578E67A41B15FDAEFFCDFA9D65B2B" box="[399,505,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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||
</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DBF86E3F7A41B15FD969FCDFAAE25B28" box="[521,717,799,826]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">SAMC-A029105</specimenCode>
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||
, station WCD 11 (
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6AA0837A41B15FDF41FCDFACB95B28" box="[1057,1174,799,826]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="16.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" precision="92" value="18.275">18°16.5’E</geoCoordinate>
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), off
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<collectingCounty id="6280BEC87A41B15FDFB9FCDFAD755B2B" box="[1241,1370,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Kommetjie</collectingCounty>
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, west of
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<collectingRegion id="499A08A67A41B15FDBD9FC83A8DC5B4F" box="[185,243,835,861]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Cape</collectingRegion>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B855C3E7A41B15FDB9CFC83A9435B4F" box="[252,364,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Peninsula</collectingMunicipality>
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, UCT
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<location id="8E81909F7A41B15FDADCFC83AAA15B4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F777527A41B159DBF7FD4FABB65A0B:8E81909F7A41B15FDADCFC83AAA15B4F" box="[444,654,835,861]" county="Kommetjie" latitude="-34.156666" longLatPrecision="119" longitude="18.275" municipality="Peninsula" name="Ecological Survey" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" stateProvince="Western Cape">Ecological Survey</location>
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, dredge, depth
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<quantity id="4CA66BA17A41B15FD822FC83ABAF5B4C" box="[834,896,835,862]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="75.0">
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<elevation id="007321777A41B15FD822FC83ABAF5B4C" box="[834,896,835,862]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFE0E0847A41B15FD8EFFC83AC6C5B4C" box="[911,1091,835,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" value="1959-03-24">
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<collectingDate id="EFA4196C7A41B15FD8EFFC83AC6C5B4C" box="[911,1091,835,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" value="1959-03-24">24 March 1959</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDF31FC83AD165B4F" box="[1105,1337,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Additional material:</emphasis>
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||
SAMCA077618 (in ethanol),
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B36CC197A41B15FDAF6FCA7AB7D5B90" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015250333" box="[406,850,871,898]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="SAMC-A077630" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF86E3F7A41B15FDAF6FCA7AA795B93" box="[406,598,871,897]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">SAMC-A077630</specimenCode>
|
||
(in ethanol), FAL 475
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36CC197A41B15FD83EFCA7ACFF5B90" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015250315" box="[862,1232,871,898]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="SAMC-A077611" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF86E3F7A41B15FD83EFCA7AC325B93" box="[862,1053,871,897]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">SAMC-A077611</specimenCode>
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||
(dry), FAL 524
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36CC197A41B15FDFBBFCA7A9655BB4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015250355" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="SAMC-A077502" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF86E3F7A41B15FDFBBFCA7ADB35B90" box="[1243,1436,871,898]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">SAMC-A077502</specimenCode>
|
||
(dry), FAL 576
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36CC197A41B15FDA39FC4BAB395BB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015250320" box="[345,790,907,934]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="SAMC-A077269" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF86E3F7A41B15FDA39FC4BAA355BB7" box="[345,538,907,933]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">SAMC-A077269</specimenCode>
|
||
(in ethanol), FAL 67
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36CC197A41B15FD845FC4BAC8C5BB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015250304" box="[805,1187,907,934]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="SAMC-A073461" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF86E3F7A41B15FD845FC4BABC95BB7" box="[805,998,907,933]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">SAMC-A073461</specimenCode>
|
||
(dry), FAL 739
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36CC197A41B15FDFD2FC4BA9445BD8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015250303" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="SAMC-A077474" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF86E3F7A41B15FDFD2FC4BAD5C5BB7" box="[1202,1395,907,933]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">SAMC-A077474</specimenCode>
|
||
(in ethanol), FAL 759
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36CC197A41B15FDA19FC6FAB6F5BDB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015250325" box="[377,832,943,970]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="SAMC-A077323" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF86E3F7A41B15FDA19FC6FAA155BDB" box="[377,570,943,969]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">SAMC-A077323</specimenCode>
|
||
(in ethanol), FAL 818
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36CC197A41B15FD82EFC6FACE25BDB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015250316" box="[846,1229,943,970]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="SAMC-A028915" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
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<specimenCode id="DBF86E3F7A41B15FD82EFC6FAC3F5BD8" box="[846,1040,943,970]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">SAMC-A028915</specimenCode>
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(dry), TRA 122
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B36CC197A41B15FDFBBFC6FA96B5BFF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015250351" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" specimenCode="SAMC-A029128" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF86E3F7A41B15FDFBBFC6FADB25BDB" box="[1243,1437,943,969]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">SAMC-A029128</specimenCode>
|
||
(dry), WCD 18
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34495CF7A41B15FDBA7FC37AC1C5C03" box="[199,1075,1015,1042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A41B15FDBA7FC37AC1C5C03" blockId="2.[151,1437,799,2014]" box="[199,1075,1015,1042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDBA7FC37A9615C03" bold="true" box="[199,334,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Latin, referring to the absence of cryptocystal denticles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34495CF7A41B15FDBA7FBDBA9355CB3" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A41B15FDBA7FBDBA9355CB3" blockId="2.[151,1437,799,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDBA7FBDBA96D5C27" bold="true" box="[199,322,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony erect, bilaminar, foliaceous; fenestrulae present. Autozooids with relatively extensive, granular cryptocyst proximally, and prominent ridge distally; cryptocystal denticle projecting into the opesia from its proximal margin absent. Opesia occupying half zooidal length. Kenozooids present at branch margins and around fenestrulae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34495CF7A41B15FDBA7FB6BABD25E3F" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A41B15FDBA7FB6BABD25E3F" blockId="2.[151,1437,799,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDBA7FB6BA9765CD7" bold="true" box="[199,345,1195,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony erect, delicate; branches broad, foliaceous, bilaminar, anastomosing—some edges fusing to form small, irregularly polygonal or oval fenestrulae (the smallest about
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A41B15FD893FB0FAC1A5CF8" box="[1011,1077,1231,1258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length). Available fragments up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A41B15FDBBDFB33A9005D1C" box="[221,303,1267,1294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A41B15FDAFAFB33A9C35D1C" box="[410,492,1267,1294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Specimens preserved in ethanol light brown; dried material light yellow to creamy white. Autozooids subrectangular with the distal margin rounded and the proximal margin concave; smaller, irregular shaped zooids (?kenozooids) placed where anastomose branches fuses. Lateral walls thick. Cryptocyst well-developed and granular, most extensive proximally, up to one-third to half of the total length of autozooid, less extensive in older autozooids, frequently forming a thickened distal ridge. Opesia oval to rectangular, generally occupying more than half of total zooid length. Operculum lightly chitinized. Kenozooids situated on the outer margins of the branch and/or around the margins of the fenestrulae; oval opening usually placed in the centre of the kenozooid, less often distally. Multiporous septula present (1–3) in the distal wall, mural pore chambers (1–2) in the lateral walls. Spines, avicularia and ovicells absent. Early astogeny unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34495CF7A41B159DBA7F9F7ABB65A0B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A41B15FDBA7F9F7AAF85F5F" blockId="2.[151,1437,799,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDBA7F9F7A9145E43" bold="true" box="[199,315,1591,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A41B15FDADEF9F7AACE5E40" authority="d'Orbigny, 1852" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[446,737,1591,1618]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDADEF9F7AA0F5E43" box="[446,544,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Biflustra</emphasis>
|
||
d’Orbigny, 1852
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been frequently used in paleontology (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FDF92F9F7ADBF5E40" author="Berning, B." box="[1266,1424,1591,1618]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="7 - 156" refId="ref14098" refString="Berning, B. (2006) The cheilostome bryozoan fauna from the Late Miocene of Niebla (Guadalquivir Basin, SW Spain): environmental and biogeographic implications. Mitteilungen am dem Geologisch-Palciontologischen Institut der Universitat Hamburg, 90, 7 - 156." type="journal article" year="2006">Berning 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but has been overlooked in recent faunas with species either assigned to genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A41B15FDF76F99BADB35E67" authority="de Blainville, 1830" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" box="[1046,1436,1627,1653]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDF76F99BACEF5E67" box="[1046,1216,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Membranipora</emphasis>
|
||
de Blainville, 1830
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A41B15FDBD6F9BFAA605E8B" authority="Canu & Bassler, 1920" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1920" box="[182,591,1663,1689]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDBD6F9BFA9615E8B" box="[182,334,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Acanthodesia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FDA35F9BFAA605E8B" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." box="[341,591,1663,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 879" refId="ref14923" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1920) North American early Tertiary Bryozoa. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 106, 1 - 879. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.106. i" type="journal article" year="1920">Canu & Bassler, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FD93AF9BFAB2F5E88" author="Lagaaij, R." box="[602,768,1663,1690]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="6 - 233" refId="ref16550" refString="Lagaaij, R. (1952) The Pliocene Bryozoa of the Low Countries and their bearing on the marine stratigraphy of the North Sea region. Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichting, 5, 6 - 233." type="journal article" year="1952">Lagaaij (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
attempted to resurrect the latter genus, however, the confusion between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A41B15FDA56F963A9E15EAF" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1920" box="[310,462,1699,1725]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDA56F963A9E15EAF" box="[310,462,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Acanthodesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A41B15FD96AF963AA435EAF" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[522,620,1699,1725]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FD96AF963AA435EAF" box="[522,620,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Biflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
continued to persist. Recent publications describe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A41B15FDFD6F963AD375EAF" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[1206,1304,1699,1725]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDFD6F963AD375EAF" box="[1206,1304,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Biflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an erect vincularian or bifoliate membraniporid species, with no gymnocyst and moderate to extensive cryptocyst, whereas encrusting species may be assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A41B15FD921F92BAAF65F17" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1920" box="[577,729,1771,1797]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FD921F92BAAF65F17" box="[577,729,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Acanthodesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FD987F92BABE85F17" author="Tilbrook, K. J. & Hayward, P. J. & Gordon, D. P." box="[743,967,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref18659" refString="Tilbrook, K. J., Hayward, P. J. & Gordon, D. P. (2001) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 131, 35 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 2000.0249" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Tilbrook
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FD82FF92CABA85F17" box="[847,903,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FD8B1F92BAC875F14" author="Taylor, P. D. & Tan, S. A." box="[977,1192,1771,1798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref18491" refString="Taylor, P. D. & Tan, S. A. (2015) Cheilostome Bryozoa from Penang and Langkawi, Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy, 149, 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2015.149" type="journal article" year="2015">Taylor & Tan 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FDFD8F92BADB35F14" author="Taylor, P. D. & Tan, S. A." box="[1208,1436,1771,1798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref18491" refString="Taylor, P. D. & Tan, S. A. (2015) Cheilostome Bryozoa from Penang and Langkawi, Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy, 149, 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2015.149" type="journal article" year="2015">Taylor & Tan (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
emphasized that the lack of ovicells and avicularia make species difficult to distinguish, and that molecular studies are required in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A41B15FDA21F8F3A9F65F5F" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1920" box="[321,473,1843,1869]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDA21F8F3A9F65F5F" box="[321,473,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Acanthodesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to clarify its diversity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A41B15EDBA7F897AC07599B" blockId="2.[151,1437,799,2014]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A41B15FDBA7F897A9065F63" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[199,297,1879,1905]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDBA7F897A9065F63" box="[199,297,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Biflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are widespread and from seemingly shallow waters (<
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A41B15FD885F897AC0E5F60" box="[997,1057,1879,1906]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A41B15FDF54F897ACB95F63" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[1076,1174,1879,1905]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDF54F897ACB95F63" box="[1076,1174,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Biflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported from localities in the North Atlantic Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FD934F8BDAADC5F87" author="Alvarez, J. A." box="[596,755,1915,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="917 - 919" refId="ref13760" refString="Alvarez, J. A. (1990) Membranipora arborescens (Bryozoa: Cheilostomida): a new record in the Bay of Biscay. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 70, 917 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400059154" type="journal article" year="1990">Álvarez 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FD861F8BBABE45F87" author="Souto, J. & Reverter-Gil, O. & De Blauwe, H. & Fernandez Pulpeiro, E." box="[769,971,1915,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="129 - 150" refId="ref18449" refString="Souto, J., Reverter-Gil, O., De Blauwe, H. & Fernandez Pulpeiro, E. (2014) New records of bryozoans from Portugal. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 55, 129 - 150." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Souto
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FD82BF8BCABA95F87" box="[843,902,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Mediterranean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FDFA6F8BDAD5E5F87" author="Alvarez, J. A." box="[1222,1393,1915,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="273 - 297" refId="ref13814" refString="Alvarez, J. A. (1992 a) Briozoos de la Campana Fauna I. Parte Primera: Ctenostomida y Cheilostomida Anascina. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 33, 273 - 297." type="journal article" year="1992">Álvarez 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b), Korean waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FDA28F85FA9DB5FAB" author="Lee, H. - J. & Kwan, Y. - S. & Kong, S. - R. & Min, B. S. & Seo, J. E. & Won, Y. - J." box="[328,500,1951,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="159 - 163" refId="ref16622" refString="Lee, H. - J., Kwan, Y. - S., Kong, S. - R., Min, B. S., Seo, J. E. & Won, Y. - J. (2011) DNA barcode examination of Bryozoa (Class: Gymnolaemata) in Korean Seawater. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 27, 159 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.5635 / KJSZ. 2011.27.2.159" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Lee
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FDA1AF860A99D5FAB" box="[378,434,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Arabian Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FD9FDF85FABBB5FAB" author="Louis, S. & Menon, N. R." box="[669,916,1951,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="59 - 68" refId="ref16912" refString="Louis, S. & Menon, N. R. (2009) Biflustra perambulata n. sp. (Cheilostomata: Bryozoa), a new alien species from Cochin Harbour, Kerala, India. Zootaxa, 2066 (1), 59 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2066.1.3" type="journal article" year="2009">Louis & Menon 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), south Chinese waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FDFC3F85FADB85FAB" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." box="[1187,1431,1951,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref15056" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1929) Bryozoa of the Phillipine Region. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 9, 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu & Bassler 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FDBF7F803A92E5FCF" author="Liu, X." box="[151,257,1987,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="103 - 144" refId="ref16973" refString="Liu, X. (1992) On the genus Membranipora (Anasca: Cheilostomata: Bryozoa) from south Chinese seas. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 40, 103 - 144." type="journal article" year="1992">Liu 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), South Pacific Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FD969F803AAC15FCF" author="Tilbrook, K. J. & Hayward, P. J. & Gordon, D. P." box="[521,750,1987,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref18659" refString="Tilbrook, K. J., Hayward, P. J. & Gordon, D. P. (2001) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 131, 35 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 2000.0249" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Tilbrook
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A41B15FD914F804AA835FCF" box="[628,684,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FD99AF803ABB05FCC" author="Tilbrook, K. J." box="[762,927,1987,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref18574" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs, 4 (Studies in Biodiversity Number 3), 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Atlantic Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A41B15FDF09F803AD705FCF" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." box="[1129,1375,1987,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="58 - 110" refId="ref15023" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Seine-et-Oise, 9, 58 - 110." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu & Bassler 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the Indo-Pacific, including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A40B15EDAB1FF57AA1758A3" box="[465,568,151,177]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A40B15ED929FF57AB0858A3" author="MacGillivray, P. H." box="[585,807,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref17036" refString="MacGillivray, P. H. (1881) Polyzoa. In: McCoy, F. (Ed.), Prodromus of the Zoology of Victoria Decade VI. Government Printer, Melbourne, pp. 27 - 46." type="book chapter" year="1881">MacGillivray 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A40B15ED855FF57ABF558A3" author="Tilbrook, K. J." box="[821,986,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="181 - 183" refId="ref18611" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2012) Bryozoa, Cheilostomata: First records of two invasive species in Australia and the northerly range extension for a third. Checklist, 8, 181 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 8.1.181" type="journal article" year="2012">Tilbrook 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A40B15EDF7EFF57AC9858A3" box="[1054,1207,151,177]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A40B15EDFA9FF57A8FB58C7" author="Grange, K. R. & Gordon, D. P." pageId="3" pageNumber="108" refId="ref15623" refString="Grange, K. R. & Gordon, D. P. (2005) The spread and potential impact of the introduced bryozoan Biflustra grandicella. Final Research Report for Ministry of Fisheries Research Project ZBS 2003 - 07. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 30 pp." type="book" year="2005">Grange & Gordon 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A40B15EDA65FF7BA9B958C7" box="[261,406,187,213]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A40B15EDAC2FF7BAAA958C7" author="O'Donoghue, C. H." box="[418,646,186,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="71 - 95" refId="ref17503" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. (1957) Some South African Bryozoa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 35, 71 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195709519012" type="journal article" year="1957">O’Donoghue (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A40B15ED992FF7BAC3958C7" authority="Audouin, 1826" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1826" box="[754,1046,187,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A40B15ED992FF7BAB4858C6" box="[754,871,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">B. savartii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A40B15ED80EFF7BAC3958C7" author="Audouin, J. V." box="[878,1046,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 339" refId="ref13983" refString="Audouin, J. V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny. In: Audouin, J. V. (Ed.), Description de l'Egypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'expedition de l'armee francaise. Histoire naturelle. Vol. Tome 1. 4 Partie. Imprimerie Imperiale, Paris, pp. 1 - 339." type="book chapter" year="1826">
|
||
Audouin,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A40B15ED8BEFF7BAC3958C7" box="[990,1046,187,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.638039999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" unit="in" value="1826.0">1826</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499A08A67A40B15EDF5BFF7BAC5A58C7" box="[1083,1141,187,213]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town from the hull of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A40B15EDBF7FF1FA93D58EB" box="[151,274,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Sutherland</emphasis>
|
||
vessel. No figure was associated in the report, but the description coincided with the known description of the species and noted “the presence of a proximal denticle on the cryptocyst…may be absent or present as a small projection or as a short lamina terminating in 4 or 5 teeth” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A40B15ED824FEE7AC345953" author="O'Donoghue, C. H." box="[836,1051,294,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" pagination="71 - 95" refId="ref17503" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. (1957) Some South African Bryozoa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 35, 71 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195709519012" type="journal article" year="1957">O’Donoghue 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 73). However, no record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A40B15EDEE4FEE7A8C25976" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1826" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A40B15EDEE4FEE7A8C25976" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">B. savartii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported since and because the vessel was docked in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499A08A67A40B15ED8CEFE8BABC75977" box="[942,1000,331,357]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town after returning from a voyage to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A40B15EDBF7FEAFA8D8599B" box="[151,247,367,393]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Colombo, Durban and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A40B15ED963FEAFAA65599B" box="[515,586,367,393]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this record can be considered as doubtful.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2196CC7A40B15EDBF8F939AC325FB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4397382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397382/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" startId="3.[152,255,1785,1809]" targetBox="[157,1431,424,1758]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A40B15EDBF8F939AC325FB3" blockId="3.[151,1437,1785,1953]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A40B15EDBF8F939A9355F03" bold="true" box="[152,282,1785,1809]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
A–E.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A40B15EDA3FF939AA105F03" authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[351,575,1785,1809]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="adenticulata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A40B15EDA3FF939AA105F03" box="[351,575,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Biflustra adenticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A40B15ED927F939AAAD5F03" bold="true" box="[583,642,1785,1809]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219A72D7A40B15ED927F939AAAD5F03" box="[583,642,1785,1809]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. View of autozooids around the fenestrula (SAMC-A028915) (scale bar = 0.5 mm, magnified x50). B. Smaller, irregular shaped zooids (kenozooids) (SAMC-A028915) (scale bar = 0.1 mm, magnified x200). C. Frontal view of young zooids (SAMC-A028915) (scale bar = 0.2 mm, magnified x100). D. View of zooids near the fenestrula margin (SAMC-A029105) (scale bar = 0.2 mm, magnified x75). E. Multiporous distal mural septula (arrow) and kenozooids on the outer margin (SAMC-A029105) (scale bar = 0.2 mm, magnified x75).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A47B159DBA7FF57AC4A5977" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Of all the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A47B159DA54FF57A9B958A3" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[308,406,151,177]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159DA54FF57A9B958A3" box="[308,406,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Biflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, the colony morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A47B159D87EFF57AC3D58A3" authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[798,1042,151,177]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="adenticulata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159D87EFF57AC3D58A3" box="[798,1042,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Biflustra adenticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159DF77FF57AC7B58A3" bold="true" box="[1047,1108,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219A72D7A47B159DF77FF57AC7B58A3" box="[1047,1108,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, while being more robust and reticulate, closely resembles the erect, bilaminar and anastomosing colonies of the widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A47B159DFD5FF7BA96158EB" authority="Canu & Bassler, 1928" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1928" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159DFD5FF7BAD7458C7" box="[1205,1371,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">B. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A47B159DE01FF7BA96158EB" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." pageId="4" pageNumber="109" pagination="58 - 110" refId="ref15023" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Seine-et-Oise, 9, 58 - 110." type="journal article" year="1928">Canu & Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The average size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A47B159D959FF1FAB0158EB" authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[569,814,223,249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="adenticulata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159D959FF1FAB0158EB" box="[569,814,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Biflustra adenticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159D855FF1FAB5C58EB" bold="true" box="[821,883,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219A72D7A47B159D855FF1FAB5C58EB" box="[821,883,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
autozooids (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A47B159DF62FF1FAC4758EB" box="[1026,1128,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="0.36">0.36 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A47B159DFAAFF1FAD0158EB" box="[1226,1326,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="0.28">0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, see also
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DCF3FF7A47B159DBACFEC3A931590F" box="[204,286,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,244,584,608]" captionTargetBox="[166,1232,625,810]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of the holotype of Biflustra adenticulata n. sp." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) is comparable with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A47B159D904FEC3AB23590F" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[612,780,259,285]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159D904FEC3AB23590F" box="[612,780,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">B. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A47B159D87CFEC3ABAC590F" box="[796,899,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="0.46">0.46 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A47B159D88AFEC3AC60590F" box="[1002,1103,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="0.32">0.32 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A47B159DFA9FEC3ADBE590F" author="Souto, J. & Reverter-Gil, O. & De Blauwe, H. & Fernandez Pulpeiro, E." box="[1225,1425,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" pagination="129 - 150" refId="ref18449" refString="Souto, J., Reverter-Gil, O., De Blauwe, H. & Fernandez Pulpeiro, E. (2014) New records of bryozoans from Portugal. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 55, 129 - 150." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Souto
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159DE72FEC3AD63590F" box="[1298,1356,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A47B159DA6AFEE7A99E5953" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[266,433,295,321]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159DA6AFEE7A99E5953" box="[266,433,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">B. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has thin cryptocystal denticles along the proximal opesial rim (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A47B159DF13FEE7AD185953" author="Souto, J. & Reverter-Gil, O. & De Blauwe, H. & Fernandez Pulpeiro, E." box="[1139,1335,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" pagination="129 - 150" refId="ref18449" refString="Souto, J., Reverter-Gil, O., De Blauwe, H. & Fernandez Pulpeiro, E. (2014) New records of bryozoans from Portugal. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 55, 129 - 150." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Souto
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159DFDDFEE7ACDA5953" box="[1213,1269,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A47B159DEE4FEE7A9845977" authority="d'Orbigny, 1852" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159DEE4FEE7A8C45976" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">B. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
d’Orbigny, 1852
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A47B159DA81FE8BAB285977" authority="Audouin, 1826" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1826" box="[481,775,331,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159DA81FE8BAA785976" box="[481,599,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">B. savartii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A47B159D93CFE8BAB285977" author="Audouin, J. V." box="[604,775,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 339" refId="ref13983" refString="Audouin, J. V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny. In: Audouin, J. V. (Ed.), Description de l'Egypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'expedition de l'armee francaise. Histoire naturelle. Vol. Tome 1. 4 Partie. Imprimerie Imperiale, Paris, pp. 1 - 339." type="book chapter" year="1826">Audouin, 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but absent in this new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A47B159DBA7FEAFABB65A0B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
|
||
This is the first undoubtful record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A47B159D902FEAFAAEB599B" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" box="[610,708,367,393]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159D902FEAFAAEB599B" box="[610,708,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Biflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A47B159D867FEAFABB7599B" box="[775,920,367,393]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A number of partial, erect foliaceous colonies were found in the samples mainly collected through dredging off Kommetjie, west of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499A08A67A47B159DFEEFE53ACE759BF" box="[1166,1224,403,429]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Peninsula to False Bay area on the South Coast, at a depth range of
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A47B159D9A2FE76AB0659C3" box="[706,809,438,465]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="45.5" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="16.0">
|
||
16–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D580DCD7A47B159D98CFE76AB0659C3" box="[748,809,438,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" type="generic">75 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. The broad, bilaminar fronds were encrusted with other bryozoans and hydroids. One colony (SAMC-A077611) was found encrusting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A47B159DF76FE1BACA759E7" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1884" box="[1046,1160,475,501]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Adeonellidae" genus="Adeonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A47B159DF76FE1BACA759E7" box="[1046,1160,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Adeonella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. This may be the encrusting portion of the colony that only later becomes erect bifoliate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |