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153 lines
23 KiB
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<document id="C6A1372B54AC9D093010E124C8827B3F" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971356" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1659882917898" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Beck, Robin M. D., Voss, Robert S. & Jansa, Sharon A." docDate="2022" docId="03EFDD5DF6EB68F9DAC2FF4C1EF0F90E" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.2022.457.1-350.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (457)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Notoryctemorphia Kirsch 1977" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="208" masterDocId="FFD6A525F63B6829DA0BFFAE1A62FFC7" masterDocTitle="Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="208" updateTime="1699350301078" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2CE6C7FEC01484F765C7727B373DDB49">Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8A078D3E8DB4AA390B854A33CCA7F523">Beck, Robin M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F10E3E405E0307AAB99E630A0C67F2F9">School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford, U. K. & School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, Australia & Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B1AAAAE19BC3B322B3224D65DD7A0082">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F441D00F07D921322C318597C0D43A5C">Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="648BDC4306B62C4344758805D4FAA278">Jansa, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="542815487B4E30C1F8FEC34220140D9E">Bell Museum and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="4BDB9DBB0213520CCA0C0819EFC529E6">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EFDD5DF6EB68F9DAC2FF4C1EF0F90E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7036149" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7036149" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFDD5DF6EB68F9DAC2FF4C1EF0F90E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFDD5DF6EB68F9DAC2FF4C1EF0F90E" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6EB68F9DAC2FF4C187DFF3D" box="[201,543,226,250]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6EB68F9DAC2FF4C187DFF3D" blockId="208.[201,543,226,250]" box="[201,543,226,250]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">
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<heading id="D0B1DB27F6EB68F9DAC2FF4C187DFF3D" box="[201,543,226,250]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EB68F9DAC2FF4C187DFF3D" ID-CoL="3NS" authority="Kirsch 1977" authorityName="Kirsch" authorityYear="1977" box="[201,543,226,250]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoryctemorphia" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
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Notoryctemorphia
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EB68F9DB97FF4C187DFF3D" author="Kirsch, J. A. W. & J. H. Calaby" box="[412,543,226,250]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" pagination="9 - 26" refId="ref211548" refString="Kirsch, J. A. W., and J. H. Calaby. 1977. The species of living marsupials: an annotated list. In B. Stone- house and D. Gilmore (editors), The biology of marsupials: 9 - 26. New York: Macmillan Press Ltd." type="book chapter" year="1977">Kirsch 1977</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6EB68F9DA87FE8D1B81FEFC" box="[140,483,291,315]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6EB68F9DA87FE8D1B81FEFC" blockId="208.[108,638,291,1737]" box="[140,483,291,315]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">
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CONTENTS:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EB68F9DB04FE8D1B1DFEFD" baseAuthorityName="Gadow" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[271,383,291,314]" class="Mammalia" family="Notoryctidae" genus="Notoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoryctemorphia" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6EB68F9DB04FE8D1B1DFEFD" box="[271,383,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">Notoryctes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(fig. 36).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6EB68F9DA87FEEA1805F90F" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6EB68F9DA87FEEA1ACEFEBA" blockId="208.[108,638,291,1737]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">STEM AGE: 45.7 Mya (95% HPD: 42.3–49.2 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6EB68F9DA87FE281B39FE59" blockId="208.[108,638,291,1737]" box="[140,347,390,414]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">CROWN AGE: N/A.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6EB68F9DA87FE091805F90F" blockId="208.[108,638,291,1737]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">UNAMBIGUOUS CRANIODENTAL AUTAPOMORPHIES: Nasals truncated anterior to lacrimals (char. 3: 0→1; ci = 0.333); entire orbital mosaic fused (char. 12: 0→2; ci = 1.000); foramen rotundum ventral to sphenorbital fissure (char. 17: 0→2; ci = 0.286); median suture between left and right frontals at least partially fused in subadults (char. 24: 0→1; ci = 0.143); frontal and squamosal in contact on lateral aspect of braincase (char. 26: 0→1; ci = 0.071); auditory bulla large, contacting rostral process of petrosal, or very large, extending posteriorly across the petrosal to contact the exoccipital (char. 55: 1→2 or 1→3; ci = 0.300); ectotympanic concealed from lateral view within bulla (char. 57: 0→1; ci = 0.500); anterior limb of ectotympanic attached firmly to postglenoid process of squamosal (char. 59: 1→2; ci = 0.214); anterior process of malleus entirely absent (char. 64: 0→2; ci = 0.500); rostral and caudal tympanic processes of petrosal seamlessly fused, forming a petrosal plate (char. 68: 0→2; ci = 0.154); postgenoid vein emerges from the postglenoid foramen in the posteromedial corner of the glenoid fossa, medial or anteromedial to the postglenoid process (char. 77: 0→1; ci = 0.250); external auditory meatus ventral to postglenoid fossa (char. 78: 1→2; ci = 1.000); facial nerve exits middle ear via a stylomastoid foramen formed by the ectotympanic, posttympanic process of the squamosal, and pars canalicularis of the petrosal (char. 79: 0→4; ci = 0.625); one hypoglossal foramen present (char. 92: 0→1; ci = 0.500); masseteric fossa perforated by a distinct masseteric foramen (char. 99: 0→1; ci = 0.333); first upper premolar (P1) absent (char. 114: 0→1; ci = 0.200); P2 single-rooted and caniniform or vestigial and occlusally featureless (char. 118: 0→4: ci = 0.444); paracone lost entirely, only metacone present (char. 137: 1→2; ci = 0.400); and talonid greatly reduced or absent (char. 166: 0→1; ci = 0.500).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6EB68F9D8C6FF4C1EF0F90E" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6EB68F9D8C6FF4C1EC4FC48" blockId="208.[683,1215,226,1738]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">
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COMMENTS:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EB68F9D95CFF4C19A5FF3E" baseAuthorityName="Gadow" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[855,967,226,249]" class="Mammalia" family="Notoryctidae" genus="Notoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoryctemorphia" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6EB68F9D95CFF4C19A5FF3E" box="[855,967,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">Notoryctes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(the only living representative of the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EB68F9D9B9FEAD1E21FEDC" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1892" box="[946,1091,259,283]" class="Mammalia" family="Notoryctidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoryctemorphia" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Notoryctidae</taxonomicName>
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and order
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EB68F9D8A7FE8A19E4FEFB" box="[684,902,292,316]" order="Nortoryctemorphia" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" rank="order">Nortoryctemorphia</taxonomicName>
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) is one of the morphologically most specialized known marsupials. This is reflected in our long list of unambiguous craniodental autapomorphies, which include a number of highly unusual or unique features within
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EB68F9DE8DFE071960FE26" authorityName=", Illiger" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Marsupialia" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Marsupialia</taxonomicName>
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, among them: fusion of the entire orbital mosaic, the foramen rotundum positioned ventral (rather than lateral) to the sphenorbital fissure, concealment of the ectotympanic in lateral view by the auditory bulla (convergent with microbiotheriids), complete absence of the anterior process of the malleus, position of the external auditory meatus ventral (rather than posterior) to the glenoid fossa, presence of only a single hypoglossal foramen (convergent with
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EB68F9D8A7FCBA1963FCEC" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[684,769,788,811]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsipedidae" genus="Tarsipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6EB68F9D8A7FCBA1963FCEC" box="[684,769,788,811]" italics="true" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">Tarsipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), total loss of the paracone, and extreme reduction of the talonid (convergent with †
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EB68F9D8B2FCF8192BFCA9" box="[697,841,854,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Yalkaparidontidae" genus="Yalkaparidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6EB68F9D8B2FCF8192BFCA9" box="[697,841,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">Yalkaparidon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EB68F9D952FCF81E48FCA9" author="Archer, M. & S. Hand & H. Godthelp" box="[857,1066,854,878]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" pagination="1528 - 1531" refId="ref190593" refString="Archer, M., S. Hand, and H. Godthelp. 1988. A new order of Tertiary zalambdodont marsupials. Science 239: 1528 - 1531." type="journal article" year="1988">Archer et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EB68F9DE33FCF81E0CFCA9" author="Archer, M." box="[1080,1134,854,878]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" pagination="1498 - 1506" refId="ref191118" refString="Archer, M., et al. 2011. Australia's first fossil marsupial mole (Notoryctemorphia) resolves controversies about their evolution and palaeoenvironmental origins. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, Biological Sciences 278 (1711): 1498 - 1506." type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EB68F9DE70FCF819BAFC48" author="Asher, R. J. & M. R. Sanchez-Villagra" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" pagination="265 - 282" refId="ref191765" refString="Asher, R. J., and M. R. Sanchez-Villagra. 2005. Locking yourself out: diversity among dentally zalambdodont therian mammals. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 12: 265 - 282." type="journal article" year="2005">Asher and Sánchez-Villagra, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EB68F9D9EFFCD91EF9FC48" author="Beck, R. M. D. & K. J. Travouillon & K. P. Aplin & H. Godthelp & M. Archer" box="[996,1179,887,911]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" pagination="127 - 172" refId="ref192966" refString="Beck, R. M. D., K. J. Travouillon, K. P. Aplin, H. Godthelp, and M. Archer. 2014. The osteology and systematics of the enigmatic Australian Oligo-Miocene metatherian Yalkaparidon (Yalkaparidontidae; Yalkaparidontia;? Australidelphia; Marsupialia). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 21 (2): 127 - 172." type="journal article" year="2014">Beck et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6EB68F9D8C6FC361EF0F90E" blockId="208.[683,1215,226,1738]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">
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Our estimated time for the divergence of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EB68F9DE74FC37195AFC16" authorityName="Kirsch" authorityYear="1977" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoryctemorphia" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Notoryctemorphia</taxonomicName>
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from other agreodontians dates to the early or middle Eocene, corresponding to a major gap in the fossil record of Australian mammals. †
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EB68F9D8B2FBB219D4FBF3" box="[697,950,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Notoryctidae" genus="Naraboryctes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoryctemorphia" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philcreaseri">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6EB68F9D8B2FBB219D4FBF3" box="[697,950,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">Naraboryctes philcreaseri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from early Miocene sites at Riversleigh World Heritage Area (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EB68F9DE3AFB931882FBB0" author="Archer, M." pageId="208" pageNumber="208" pagination="1498 - 1506" refId="ref191118" refString="Archer, M., et al. 2011. Australia's first fossil marsupial mole (Notoryctemorphia) resolves controversies about their evolution and palaeoenvironmental origins. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, Biological Sciences 278 (1711): 1498 - 1506." type="journal article" year="2011">Archer et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EB68F9D8E1FBF019F0FBB1" author="Beck, R. M. D. & N. M. Warburton & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & K. P. Aplin" box="[746,914,1118,1142]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" pagination="151 - 171" refId="ref193033" refString="Beck, R. M. D., N. M. Warburton, M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and K. P. Aplin. 2016. Going underground: postcranial morphology of the early Miocene marsupial mole Naraboryctes philcreaseri and the evolution of fossoriality in notoryctemorphians. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 151 - 171." type="journal article" year="2016">Beck et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and a single upper molar of a probable notoryctemorphian from the late Oligocene Pwerte Marnte Marnte Local Fauna in the
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<collectingRegion id="4982A2A9F6EB68F9D8A7FB6C191BFB1D" box="[684,889,1218,1242]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
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(NTM P2815-6;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EB68F9DE31FB6C193BFB3C" author="Murray, P. F. & D. Megirian" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" pagination="211 - 228" refId="ref218942" refString="Murray, P. F., and D. Megirian. 2006 b. The Pwerte Marnte Marnte Local Fauna: a new vertebrate assemblage of presumed Oligocene age from the Northern Territory of Australia. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology Special Issue 1: 211 - 228." type="book chapter" year="2006">Murray and Megirian, 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EB68F9D96FFB4D1E21FB3C" author="Beck, R. M. D. & K. J. Travouillon & K. P. Aplin & H. Godthelp & M. Archer" box="[868,1091,1251,1275]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" pagination="127 - 172" refId="ref192966" refString="Beck, R. M. D., K. J. Travouillon, K. P. Aplin, H. Godthelp, and M. Archer. 2014. The osteology and systematics of the enigmatic Australian Oligo-Miocene metatherian Yalkaparidon (Yalkaparidontidae; Yalkaparidontia;? Australidelphia; Marsupialia). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 21 (2): 127 - 172." type="journal article" year="2014">Beck et al., 2014: 151</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EB68F9DE45FB4D1ED7FB3C" author="Beck, R. M. D. & N. M. Warburton & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & K. P. Aplin" box="[1102,1205,1251,1275]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" pagination="151 - 171" refId="ref193033" refString="Beck, R. M. D., N. M. Warburton, M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and K. P. Aplin. 2016. Going underground: postcranial morphology of the early Miocene marsupial mole Naraboryctes philcreaseri and the evolution of fossoriality in notoryctemorphians. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 151 - 171." type="journal article" year="2016">2016: 166</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are the only known fossil members of the order. They have not been included in this study due to their incompleteness, but both are dentally markedly more plesiomorphic than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EB68F9DE03FAC61E17FAB8" baseAuthorityName="Gadow" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1032,1141,1384,1407]" class="Mammalia" family="Notoryctidae" genus="Notoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoryctemorphia" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EB68F9DE03FAC61E17FAB8" box="[1032,1141,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">Notoryctes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; most notably, their molars are not fully zalambdodont, as both retain a distinct paracone on their upper molars, and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EB68F9D94BFA6419A4FA25" box="[832,966,1482,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Notoryctidae" genus="Naraboryctes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoryctemorphia" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EB68F9D94BFA6419A4FA25" box="[832,966,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">Naraboryctes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an unreduced talonid basin on its lower molars (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EB68F9DE3AFA45193CF9E3" author="Murray, P. F. & D. Megirian" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" pagination="211 - 228" refId="ref218942" refString="Murray, P. F., and D. Megirian. 2006 b. The Pwerte Marnte Marnte Local Fauna: a new vertebrate assemblage of presumed Oligocene age from the Northern Territory of Australia. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology Special Issue 1: 211 - 228." type="book chapter" year="2006">Murray and Megirian, 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EB68F9D960F9A21E55F9E3" author="Archer, M." box="[875,1079,1548,1572]" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" pagination="1498 - 1506" refId="ref191118" refString="Archer, M., et al. 2011. Australia's first fossil marsupial mole (Notoryctemorphia) resolves controversies about their evolution and palaeoenvironmental origins. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, Biological Sciences 278 (1711): 1498 - 1506." type="journal article" year="2011">Archer et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EB68F9DE4FF9A21881F982" author="Beck, R. M. D. & N. M. Warburton & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & K. P. Aplin" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" pagination="151 - 171" refId="ref193033" refString="Beck, R. M. D., N. M. Warburton, M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and K. P. Aplin. 2016. Going underground: postcranial morphology of the early Miocene marsupial mole Naraboryctes philcreaseri and the evolution of fossoriality in notoryctemorphians. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 151 - 171." type="journal article" year="2016">Beck et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Inevitably, our long list of notoryctemorphian synapomorphies will be whittled down as plesiomorphic fossil taxa are added to future analyses, with the probable result that some of these traits may prove to be autapomorphies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EB68F9DE28F91C1EEEF90E" baseAuthorityName="Gadow" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1059,1164,1714,1737]" class="Mammalia" family="Notoryctidae" genus="Notoryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoryctemorphia" pageId="208" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EB68F9DE28F91C1EEEF90E" box="[1059,1164,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="208" pageNumber="208">Notoryctes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |