treatments-xml/data/03/EA/24/03EA2475086BFF86DD85FF49FE1ADCCC.xml

<document id="0F55AEC668FD35B2630243D0517E8542" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4105.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4af134c3-77ba-46a5-97f6-9b9f2bebd5cd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="271262" ID-ZooBank="2A2F0CC5-1A3E-46FD-8CFA-3E8DF28E157B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461047406693" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ellenrieder, Natalia Von &amp; Watson, Gillian" docDate="2016" docId="03EA2475086BFF86DD85FF49FE1ADCCC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4105.1.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4105 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudococcus variabilis von Ellenrieder &amp; Watson, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="FFD35C0D0869FF8EDD12FFDEFFB7DA54" masterDocTitle="A new mealybug in the genus Pseudococcus Westwood (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) from North America, with a key to species of Pseudococcus from the New World" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1698577562190" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E6B279A0878EE6182DC4ADCAFBC84BFD">A new mealybug in the genus Pseudococcus Westwood (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) from North America, with a key to species of Pseudococcus from the New World</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7ABE8568F9E125EB8F5B0107F4B68666">Ellenrieder, Natalia Von</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C979CA1659B72101511DB262A22DDC2">Watson, Gillian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C664E62165650B1D84A9EB857F920AE1">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EA2475086BFF86DD85FF49FE1ADCCC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5615483" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127640371" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5615483" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA2475086BFF86DD85FF49FE1ADCCC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA2475086BFF86DD85FF49FE1ADCCC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<subSubSection id="C359C6E8086BFF8CDD85FF49FE99DA87" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086BFF8CDD85FF49FCC4DAE6" blockId="2.[151,883,151,211]" box="[151,883,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<heading id="D0B4220F086BFF8CDD85FF49FCC4DAE6" bold="true" box="[151,883,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDD85FF49FCC4DAE6" bold="true" box="[151,883,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDD85FF49FCBEDAE6" ID-CoL="6WF6V" authority="von Ellenrieder &amp; Watson" authorityName="von Ellenrieder &amp; Watson" box="[151,777,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDD85FF49FE00DAE5" bold="true" box="[151,439,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Pseudococcus variabilis</emphasis>
von Ellenrieder &amp; Watson
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204F40A086BFF8CDE04FF46FCC4DAE6" box="[790,883,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086BFF8CDD85FF64FE99DA87" blockId="2.[151,883,151,211]" box="[151,302,186,211]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
(
<figureCitation id="137889E6086BFF8CDD8CFF64FE92DA87" box="[158,293,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1390,1901]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1433,197,1855]" captionTargetBox-2="[402,1184,231,1818]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,1390,1901]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. Macroscopic appearance. 1 a. Adult female, ovisac wax, eggs and juveniles on Agave sp. leaf from Nursery in Irwindale, California, U. S. A. Photograph: Gevork Arakelian. 1 b. Agave sp. plant at the San Diego Zoo in California, U. S. A., with infestation of Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. near base and on underside of lower leaves. Photograph: Tracy Ellis." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. Holotype female, U. S. A., California, San Diego Co., on Agave sp., deposited at CSCA. Enlargements of structures are not drawn to scale. l: measurement of labium length; t: measurement of tentorium length." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. Male paratype, U. S. A., California, San Diego Co., on Agave sp., deposited at CSCA. Enlargements of structures are not drawn to scale." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/271263/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/271264/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/271265/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359C6E8086BFF8CDD85FF23FF57DBD6" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086BFF8CDD85FF23FF57DBD6" blockId="2.[151,1436,253,1344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDD85FF23FEA9DB42" bold="true" box="[151,286,253,278]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</emphasis>
We name this species 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDF20FF23FD2ADB41" box="[562,669,253,277]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDF20FF23FD2ADB41" box="[562,669,253,277]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Latin meaning ‘variable’) in reference to the great variability it displays in the diagnostic characters traditionally used to distinguish between the various groups and species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDD85FE9BFE81DB09" box="[151,310,325,349]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDD85FE9BFE81DB09" box="[151,310,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Pseudococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such as the presence or absence of discoidal pores by the eyes and translucent pores on the hind femur.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359C6E8086BFF8CDDD5FE53FC67DEDB" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086BFF8CDDD5FE53FC67DEDB" blockId="2.[151,1436,253,1344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDDD5FE53FE5BDBF2" bold="true" box="[199,492,397,422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<typeStatus id="54F82BC1086BFF8CDDD5FE53FEB5DBF2" box="[199,258,397,422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Type</typeStatus>
material. 
<typeStatus id="54F82BC1086BFF8CDC6DFE53FE5BDBF2" box="[383,492,397,422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
female. 
<collectingCountry id="F354D5F3086BFF8CDF43FE50FD17DBF2" box="[593,672,398,422]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
, California: San Diego County, San Marcos, outdoor landscape on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDD85FE6FFF6ADB9C" box="[151,221,433,456]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDD85FE6FFF6ADB9C" box="[151,221,433,456]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDC0AFE6EFE27DB9D" box="[280,400,432,457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2013-04-15">15.iv.2013</date>
, T. Rangel &amp; T. Ellis leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDFC0FE6FFC97DB9D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[722,800,433,457]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDE3DFE6FFCD2DB9C" box="[815,869,433,456]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">PDR</collectionCode>
# 370P06143551]. 
<typeStatus id="54F82BC1086BFF8CD95EFE6EFB73DB9D" box="[1100,1220,432,457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CD95EFE6EFB73DB9D" bold="true" box="[1100,1220,432,457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: 112 ♀, 
<specimenCount id="9D455EEA086BFF8CD822FE6EFAD9DB9C" box="[1328,1390,432,457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="generic">15 ♂</specimenCount>
. Ex 
<collectingCountry id="F354D5F3086BFF8CDD85FE0BFEBDDBB9" box="[151,266,469,493]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
: 1 ♀, intercepted at 
<collectingCountry id="F354D5F3086BFF8CDCE4FE0BFDF1DBB9" box="[502,582,469,493]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
: Arizona, Nogales on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDE5BFE0BFC38DBB8" box="[841,911,469,492]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDE5BFE0BFC38DBB8" box="[841,911,469,492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDEDAFE0AFB8CDBB9" box="[968,1083,468,493]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="1975-02-22">22.ii.1975</date>
, J. Bache-Wiig &amp; G. Ehni leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDD8FFE26FF40D844" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[157,247,504,528]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">USNM</collectionCode>
]; Jalisco State: 2 ♀, El Arenal Municipality, Llano Grande, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDEF1FE26FBC7D85B" box="[995,1136,503,527]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tequilana">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDEF1FE26FBC7D85B" box="[995,1136,503,527]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">A. tequilana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CD990FE29FB4BD844" box="[1154,1276,503,528]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2014-11-29">29.xi.2014</date>
, H. González Hernández leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDC47FDC5FE14D867" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[341,419,539,563]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
, molecular vouchers 15T336, 15T337]. 
<collectingCountry id="F354D5F3086BFF8CDE65FDC5FC71D867" box="[887,966,539,563]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
, California: Los Angeles County: 12 ♀, Redondo Beach, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDC97FDE1FE7CD802" box="[389,459,575,598]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDC97FDE1FE7CD802" box="[389,459,575,598]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDF15FDE0FD26D803" box="[519,657,574,599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="1992-08-29">29.viii.1992</date>
, J. Beardsley leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDE60FDE1FC7FD802" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[882,968,575,598]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">BPBM</collectionCode>
]; 12 ♀, Sierra Madre, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CD9E8FDE1FA22D802" box="[1274,1429,575,598]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CD9E8FDE1FA22D802" box="[1274,1429,575,598]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">A. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDD85FDBCFEA6D82F" box="[151,273,610,635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="1993-09-24">24.ix.1993</date>
, J. Beardsley leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDCF6FDBDFD8DD82E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[484,570,611,634]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">BPBM</collectionCode>
]; 4 ♀, Irwindale, in nursery on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDE8AFDBCFC69D82D" box="[920,990,610,633]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDE8AFDBCFC69D82D" box="[920,990,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CD901FDBCFBC8D82F" box="[1043,1151,610,635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2012-01-31">31.i.2012</date>
, Bakri leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CD815FDBCFAEED82E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[1287,1369,610,634]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 2 ♀, Malibu, in nursery on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDCB1FD58FE5ED8C9" box="[419,489,646,669]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDCB1FD58FE5ED8C9" box="[419,489,646,669]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDF35FD5BFD22D8CA" box="[551,661,645,670]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2012-03-02">2.iii.2012</date>
, I. Milled and Matsumoto leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CD901FD58FBD3D8CA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[1043,1124,646,670]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]. San Diego County: 5 ♀, Encinitas, outdoors in ornamental planting on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDFB6FD77FCBBD895" box="[676,780,681,705]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shawii">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDFB6FD77FCBBD895" box="[676,780,681,705]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">A. shawii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDE0EFD77FC38D896" box="[796,911,681,706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2011-12-02">2.xii.2011</date>
, D. Kellum leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CD940FD77FB13D895" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[1106,1188,681,705]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 2 ♀, San Marcos, in retail outlet on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDC50FD13FE3FD8B0" box="[322,392,717,740]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDC50FD13FE3FD8B0" box="[322,392,717,740]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDCAFFD12FD9ED8B1" box="[445,553,716,741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2012-01-25">25.i.2012</date>
, A. Romo &amp; T. Ellis leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDE5DFD13FC16D8B1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[847,929,717,741]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 2 ♀, same data but [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CD987FD13FB56D8B1" box="[1173,1249,717,741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CPFT</collectionCode>
]; 10 ♀, 
<specimenCount id="9D455EEA086BFF8CD82BFD13FAD2D8B0" box="[1337,1381,717,741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="generic">4 ♂</specimenCount>
, San Marcos, outdoor landscape on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDCFDFD2EFD82D953" box="[495,565,752,775]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDCFDFD2EFD82D953" box="[495,565,752,775]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., T. Rangel &amp; T. Ellis leg., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDE9AFD31FC49D95C" box="[904,1022,751,776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2013-04-15">15.iv.2013</date>
[
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CD91EFD2EFBE9D95C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[1036,1118,752,776]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 3 ♀, San Diego, in nursery on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDDA8FCCAFEB7D97F" box="[186,256,788,811]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDDA8FCCAFEB7D97F" box="[186,256,788,811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDC26FCCAFE13D978" box="[308,420,788,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2012-05-11">11.v.2012</date>
, I. Torres leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDF5EFCCAFD29D978" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[588,670,788,812]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 3 ♀, Fallbrook, on roadside on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CD91FFCCAFBE4D97F" box="[1037,1107,788,811]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CD91FFCCAFBE4D97F" box="[1037,1107,788,811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CD99AFCCDFAB5D978" box="[1160,1282,787,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2012-06-28">28.vi.2012</date>
, I. Torres leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDD8FFCE9FF58D91B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[157,239,823,847]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 5 ♀, 
<specimenCount id="9D455EEA086BFF8CDC2FFCE9FEDDD91B" box="[317,362,823,847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="generic">4 ♂</specimenCount>
, Vista, in backyard on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDF60FCE9FD0FD91A" box="[626,696,823,846]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDF60FCE9FD0FD91A" box="[626,696,823,846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDFFDFCE8FCC6D91B" box="[751,881,822,847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2012-07-11">11.vii.2012</date>
, I. Torres leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CD90FFCE9FBD8D91B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[1053,1135,823,847]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 2 ♀, Vista, in nursery on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDD85FC85FF6AD926" box="[151,221,859,882]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDD85FC85FF6AD926" box="[151,221,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDC01FC84FE2AD927" box="[275,413,858,883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2012-08-22">22.viii.2012</date>
, G. Terhall leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDF45FC85FD1DD927" box="[599,682,859,883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">ASCA</collectionCode>
]; 4 ♀, 
<specimenCount id="9D455EEA086BFF8CDFE5FC85FC93D926" box="[759,804,859,883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, Valley Center, in nursery on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CD964FC85FB0BD926" box="[1142,1212,859,882]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CD964FC85FB0BD926" box="[1142,1212,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CD9E0FC85FAC1D927" box="[1266,1398,858,883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2012-07-23">23 vii 2012</date>
, R. Delaval &amp; M. Wube leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDCD6FCA0FDA2D9C2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[452,533,894,918]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 2 ♀, 
<specimenCount id="9D455EEA086BFF8CDF75FCA0FD22D9C2" box="[615,661,894,918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, San Diego, San Diego Zoo, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CD91DFCA0FBE2D9C1" box="[1039,1109,894,917]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CD91DFCA0FBE2D9C1" box="[1039,1109,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CD99DFCA3FABFD9C2" box="[1167,1288,893,918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2015-09-29">29.ix.2015</date>
, T. Ellis leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDD8FFC7CFF4DD9ED" box="[157,250,930,953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">BMNH</collectionCode>
]; 2 ♀, 
<specimenCount id="9D455EEA086BFF8CDC51FC7CFED8D9ED" box="[323,367,930,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, same data but 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDF08FC7FFD25D9EE" box="[538,658,929,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2015-09-30">30.ix.2015</date>
[
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDFB2FC7CFD58D9EE" box="[672,751,930,954]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">FSCA</collectionCode>
]. Santa Barbara County: 1 ♀, Montecito, in nursery on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CD844FC7CFA2BD9ED" box="[1366,1436,930,953]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CD844FC7CFA2BD9ED" box="[1366,1436,930,953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDDD7FC1AFEF6D989" box="[197,321,964,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="1981-03-29">29.iii.1981</date>
, R.A. Flock leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDF1AFC1BFDEDD989" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[520,602,965,989]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 5 ♀, Montecito, in nursery on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDED1FC1BFAD3D989" authority="J. Karl &amp; G. Davidson" authorityName="J. Karl &amp; G. Davidson" box="[963,1380,964,989]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDED1FC1BFBECD988" box="[963,1115,965,988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">A. americana</emphasis>
, J. Karl &amp; G. Davidson
</taxonomicName>
leg., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDD85FC36FEB0DE54" box="[151,263,1000,1024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="1984-10-18">18.x.1984</date>
[
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDC07FC36FED0DE54" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[277,359,1000,1024]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 5 ♀, 
<specimenCount id="9D455EEA086BFF8CDCA6FC36FE69DE54" box="[436,478,1000,1024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="generic">4 ♂</specimenCount>
(reared), Montecito, in nursery on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDE7EFC36FC05D9AB" box="[876,946,1000,1023]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDE7EFC36FC05D9AB" box="[876,946,1000,1023]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDEFBFC36FBD4DE55" box="[1001,1123,1000,1025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="1984-11-28">28.xi.1984</date>
, J. Karl &amp; G. Davidson leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDD8FFBD2FF58DE70" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[157,239,1036,1060]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 2 ♀, Santa Barbara, in nursery on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDF8FFBD2FD54DE77" box="[669,739,1036,1059]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDF8FFBD2FD54DE77" box="[669,739,1036,1059]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDE0DFBD5FC3DDE70" box="[799,906,1035,1060]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="1981-04-06">6.iv.1981</date>
, Doutt leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CD90CFBD2FBC7DE70" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[1054,1136,1036,1060]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 17 ♀, Santa Barbara, in nursery on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDC06FBF1FEEDDE12" box="[276,346,1071,1094]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDC06FBF1FEEDDE12" box="[276,346,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDC9CFBF1FE45DE13" box="[398,498,1071,1095]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="1984-10-01">1.x.1984</date>
, J. Karl leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDF97FBF1FD60DE13" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[645,727,1071,1095]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 5 ♀, same data but [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDED4FBF1FBA5DE13" box="[966,1042,1071,1095]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CPFT</collectionCode>
]; 5 ♀, same data but [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CD812FBF1FAEEDE13" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1280,1369,1071,1095]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">USNM</collectionCode>
]; 3 ♀, Carpinteria, in nursery on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDCC7FB8DFDBFDE3F" box="[469,520,1107,1131]" class="Liliopsida" family="Xanthorrhoeaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDCC7FB8DFDBFDE3F" box="[469,520,1107,1131]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Aloe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[probably incorrect host listed], 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDE87FB8CFBA6DE3F" box="[917,1041,1106,1131]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2012-03-22">22.iii.2012</date>
, M.A. Rajala leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CD9E9FB8DFAFADE3F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" box="[1275,1357,1107,1131]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">CSCA</collectionCode>
]; 1 ♀, Carpinteria, in nursery on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDCAFFBA9FDB4DEDA" box="[445,515,1143,1166]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDCAFFBA9FDB4DEDA" box="[445,515,1143,1166]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086BFF8CDF2AFBA8FD04DEDB" box="[568,691,1142,1167]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2014-06-17">17.vi.2014</date>
, M. Towne leg. [
<collectionCode id="ED520DA6086BFF8CDE7DFBA9FC71DEDB" box="[879,966,1143,1167]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kd99-229r" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">UCDC</collectionCode>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359C6E8086BFF89DDD5FB47FE88DF01" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086BFF8CDDD5FB47FE0FDF14" blockId="2.[151,1436,253,1344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDDD5FB47FD8FDEE6" bold="true" box="[199,568,1177,1202]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Description of the adult female</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDF55FB44FCD4DEE5" box="[583,867,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Macroscopic appearance</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137889E6086BFF8CDE61FB47FC02DEE6" box="[883,949,1177,1202]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1390,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1390,1901]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. Macroscopic appearance. 1 a. Adult female, ovisac wax, eggs and juveniles on Agave sp. leaf from Nursery in Irwindale, California, U. S. A. Photograph: Gevork Arakelian. 1 b. Agave sp. plant at the San Diego Zoo in California, U. S. A., with infestation of Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. near base and on underside of lower leaves. Photograph: Tracy Ellis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271263/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Body of live adult female pale pink, with a thin coating of powdery white wax and paired, lateral filaments of white wax on margins of abdomen, with longest pair projecting from posterior-most segment. Color of body in alcohol pale pink-orange, not turning black when placed in 10% KOH (unlike 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDF09FADBFB98DF49" authority="von Ellenrieder &amp; Stocks" authorityName="von Ellenrieder &amp; Stocks" box="[539,1071,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Paracoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillianae">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDF09FADBFCBDDF48" box="[539,778,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Paracoccus gillianae</emphasis>
von Ellenrieder &amp; Stocks
</taxonomicName>
, which often occurs on the same host-plants in California).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3CC5EB086BFF8CDD85F8A1FE38DDA5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271263/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[151,1436,1390,1901]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086BFF8CDD85F8A1FE38DDA5" blockId="2.[151,1437,1919,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDD85F8A1FEA1DDC0" bold="true" box="[151,278,1919,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDC0DF8A1FDAFDDC1" box="[287,536,1919,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDC0DF8A1FDAFDDC1" box="[287,536,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Pseudococcus variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204F40A086BFF8CDF30F85EFDEADDC1" box="[546,605,1920,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDF30F85EFDEADDC1" bold="true" box="[546,605,1920,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Macroscopic appearance. 1a. Adult female, ovisac wax, eggs and juveniles on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDD85F841FF60DDE0" box="[151,215,1951,1972]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDD85F841FF60DDE0" box="[151,215,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. leaf from Nursery in Irwindale, California, U.S.A. Photograph: Gevork Arakelian. 1b. 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CD999F841FB7DDDE0" box="[1163,1226,1951,1972]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CD999F841FB7DDDE0" box="[1163,1226,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. plant at the San Diego Zoo in California, U.S.A., with infestation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086BFF8CDFBAF863FC28DD87" box="[680,927,1981,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDFBAF863FC28DD87" box="[680,927,1981,2003]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Pseudococcus variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204F40A086BFF8CDEB7F863FC69DD86" box="[933,990,1981,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9374971086BFF8CDEB7F863FC69DD86" bold="true" box="[933,990,1981,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
near base and on underside of lower leaves. Photograph: Tracy Ellis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086AFF8DDDD5FF46FCD3D936" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B9374971086AFF8DDDD5FF46FE5ADAE4" box="[199,493,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Slide-mounted characters</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137889E6086AFF8DDF10FF49FDFADAE4" box="[514,589,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,197,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. Holotype female, U. S. A., California, San Diego Co., on Agave sp., deposited at CSCA. Enlargements of structures are not drawn to scale. l: measurement of labium length; t: measurement of tentorium length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271264/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Body of adult female oval, 2.50 ± 0.55 [2.32] (1.48–3.38) mm long, maximum width at level of hind coxae 1.38 ± 0.39 [1.2] (0.72–1.94) mm. Anal lobes moderately developed, each with an apical seta 161 ± 16 [162] (132–180) µm long and ventral sclerotization approximately rectangular. Antennae each 485 ± 26 [474] (456–534) µm long, with 8 segments, distal segment partly divided by an oblique membranous area, mostly visible ventrally but extending partially onto dorsal surface as well, in all examined specimens. Legs well developed, hind tibia 265 ± 21 [276] (240–309) µm long, hind femur 260 ± 21 [270] (219–294) µm long, hind trochanter + femur 332 ± 29 [324] (285–372) µm long, hind tibia + tarsus 360 ± 25 [360] (321–402) µm long; claw well developed, 29 ± 2 [30] (24–33) µm long. Ratio of lengths of hind tibia + tarsus to hind trochanter + femur 1:0.9 ± 0.02 [1:0.9] (1:0.87–1:0.97). Ratio of lengths of hind tibia to tarsus 1:0.4 ± 0.02 [1:0.33] (1:0.31–1:0.38). Dorsal surface of hind tibia distally with 12–67 [5–9] translucent pores, and dorsal surface of hind femur with 0–21 [3–9] translucent pores. Labium 197 ± 13 [204] (180–216) µm long (measured as l in 
<figureCitation id="137889E6086AFF8DDDD4FDFAFEBCD868" box="[198,267,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,197,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. Holotype female, U. S. A., California, San Diego Co., on Agave sp., deposited at CSCA. Enlargements of structures are not drawn to scale. l: measurement of labium length; t: measurement of tentorium length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271264/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); tentorium 216 ± 12 [135] (192–234) µm long (measured as t in 
<figureCitation id="137889E6086AFF8DDEECFDFAFBF4D868" box="[1022,1091,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,197,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. Holotype female, U. S. A., California, San Diego Co., on Agave sp., deposited at CSCA. Enlargements of structures are not drawn to scale. l: measurement of labium length; t: measurement of tentorium length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271264/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); ratio of lengths of labium to tentorium 1:0.9 ± 0.05 [1:0.94] (1:0.85–1:0.97). Circulus present between SIII and SIV, 159 ± 26 [132] (102–210) µm wide, divided by intersegmental line. Four apodemes associated with vulva, two anterior and two posterior, always present. Anterior and posterior ostioles moderately developed. Anal ring 96 ± 8 [93] (78–105) µm in diameter, bearing 6 setae, each 129 ± 17 [126] (102–138) µm long. Cerarii numbering 15–16 pairs [16]; anterior metathoracic cerarii (C10) absent, and pair located between anterior ostioles and procoxae (C14) sometimes absent. Anal lobe cerarii (C1) each containing 2 conical setae, each seta 25 ± 2 [24] (24–30) µm long, 5–7 auxiliary setae and a concentration of trilocular pores on a weakly sclerotized area. Other cerarii with conical setae in each cerarius numbering 2 on SII–IX, 2–3 on SI, and 2–4 on thorax and head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086AFF8DDDD5FCB3FACEDE0A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B9374971086AFF8DDDD5FCB3FECAD9D2" bold="true" box="[199,381,877,902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Dorsal surface.</emphasis>
Slender flagellate setae of two 
<typeStatus id="54F82BC1086AFF8DDFF5FCB0FC95D9D2" box="[743,802,878,902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">types</typeStatus>
present: shorter setae each 9 ± 0.9 [9] (9–12) µm long; longer setae each 39 ± 4 [21] (30–48) µm long. Multilocular pores absent. Trilocular pores evenly distributed except absent from segmental folds. Discoidal pores, each slightly smaller than a trilocular pore, scarce, a few scattered throughout and some located near some OR. OR absent from SVIII, 24–46 [36] present medially, submedially, submarginally, and/or marginally on abdomen in loose rows as follows: SI 1–7 [7]; SII 5–10 [6]; SIII 5–7 [6]; SIV 5–8 [6]; SV 4–7 [5]; SVI 2–5 [3]; SVII 2 or 3 [3]; prothorax 1 or 2 [1]; mesothorax 2–8 [2]; metathorax 6–11 [11]; and head 6–8 [7], with one always present between eye and anterior ostiole on each side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086AFF8DDDD5FBB7FE28DFBD" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B9374971086AFF8DDDD5FBB7FE31DED6" bold="true" box="[199,390,1129,1154]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Ventral surface.</emphasis>
Setae, normal, flagellate. Cisanal setae each 49 ± 6 [31] (39–60) µm long, obanal setae each 48 ± 12 [50] (30–72) µm long, anal lobe seta 161.4 ± 16 (132–180) µm long. Multilocular pores each 8 ± 0.4 µm [8] (8–9) in diameter, present in medial area of abdomen, anteriorly as far forward as SI–III, absent from submarginal or marginal areas; thorax with some multilocular pores scattered on medial area near bases of legs. Trilocular pores evenly distributed except absent from segmental lines and around coxal bases. Discoidal pores same size as on dorsum, scattered, with 0–3 [0] situated near eyes. OR present in marginal and submarginal areas of SI or II to SIV and thorax, and near each frontal cerarius on head, absent medially. OC of 2 sizes; larger 
<typeStatus id="54F82BC1086AFF8DD87EFA9CFA2BDF0E" box="[1388,1436,1346,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
slightly wider than and smaller 
<typeStatus id="54F82BC1086AFF8DDF18FAB8FD8DDF2A" box="[522,570,1382,1406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
slightly narrower than a trilocular pore, both fairly numerous, intermixed, forming rows medially on SIII–VIII and marginal groups on SII–VIII; some OC also scattered submedially on head and thorax, with 0–13 [6 or 7] present submarginally on each side at level of front coxa, absent submarginally at level of middle coxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086AFF8DDDD5FA2BFE3DDCCA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B9374971086AFF8DDDD5FA2BFE82DC5A" bold="true" box="[199,309,1525,1550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Variation</emphasis>
. About 50% of females have at least one discoidal pore near one eye, only 1.5% have at least one pore associated with both eyes, and 50% lack discoidal pores near eyes entirely. About 50% of females have 1 to 21 (usually less than 9) translucent pores on hind femur, and 50% lack any on both hind femora. One female (less than 1%) lacks any ventral OC submarginally on both sides at the level of the front coxae (most commonly 5 or 6 present on each side).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086AFF8DDDD5F977FB4CDD06" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B9374971086AFF8DDDD5F977FD90DC96" bold="true" box="[199,551,1705,1730]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Description of the adult male</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9374971086AFF8DDF25F977FCEDDC95" box="[567,858,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Slide-mounted characters</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137889E6086AFF8DDE78F977FC18DC96" box="[874,943,1705,1730]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[402,1184,231,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. Male paratype, U. S. A., California, San Diego Co., on Agave sp., deposited at CSCA. Enlargements of structures are not drawn to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271265/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Body of adult male elongate oval, 1.17 ± 0.1 (0.97–1.28) mm long, with maximum width of 0.38 ± 0.04 (0.30–0.46) mm at SIII–IV; both hair-like (hs) and fleshy (fs) setae present throughout. Antennae slightly shorter than half of total body length. Most available males (92 %) brachypterous, with wing buds as long as about 0.08–0.25 of total body length and 0.42–0.64 as wide as long; one male macropterous, with wings 0.86 as long as total body length and 0.49 as wide as long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3CC5EB086DFF8ADD85F88BFF6ADDFD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271264/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" targetBox="[159,1433,197,1855]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086DFF8ADD85F88BFF6ADDFD" blockId="4.[151,1436,1877,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B9374971086DFF8ADD85F88BFEA3DD3F" bold="true" box="[151,276,1877,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086DFF8ADC0FF88BFDA2DD3F" box="[285,533,1877,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9374971086DFF8ADC0FF88BFDA2DD3F" box="[285,533,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">Pseudococcus variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204F40A086DFF8ADF0CF888FDEEDD3F" box="[542,601,1878,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9374971086DFF8ADF0CF888FDEEDD3F" bold="true" box="[542,601,1878,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype female, U.S.A., California, San Diego Co., on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086DFF8AD9BFF888FB5ADD3F" box="[1197,1261,1878,1899]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086DFF8AD9BFF888FB5ADD3F" box="[1197,1261,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., deposited at CSCA. Enlargements of structures are not drawn to scale. l: measurement of labium length; t: measurement of tentorium length.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3CC5EB086CFF8BDD85F88BFD57DDDE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271265/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" targetBox="[402,1184,231,1818]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086CFF8BDD85F88BFD57DDDE" blockId="5.[151,1436,1877,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B9374971086CFF8BDD85F88BFEA1DD3F" bold="true" box="[151,278,1877,1899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086CFF8BDC32F88BFDADDD3F" box="[288,538,1877,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9374971086CFF8BDC32F88BFDADDD3F" box="[288,538,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Pseudococcus variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204F40A086CFF8BDF36F888FDD7DD3F" box="[548,608,1878,1899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9374971086CFF8BDF36F888FDD7DD3F" bold="true" box="[548,608,1878,1899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Male paratype, U.S.A., California, San Diego Co., on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086CFF8BD9BBF888FB5EDD3F" box="[1193,1257,1878,1899]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086CFF8BD9BBF888FB5EDD3F" box="[1193,1257,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., deposited at CSCA. Enlargements of structures are not drawn to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086FFF88DDD5FF49FCDED8D7" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B9374971086FFF88DDD5FF49FEBADAE4" bold="true" box="[199,269,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Head.</emphasis>
Width across genae 181.6 ± 11.5 (164.2–195.2) µm. Each side with about 8–19 dorsal head setae (1–4 fs, 7–15 hs), 11–16 genal setae (6–13 fs, 3–7 hs), 0 dorsal ocular setae, and 0–2 multilocular pores near each scape. Ventral head setae: 15–24 (3–10 fs, 11–14 hs) on each side, in three groups; one situated on longitudinal median line between ventral eyes, another group forming a transverse band between each ocellus and ventral midcranial ridge, and a third along a line on each side of ventral arm of midcranial ridge. With 2 pairs of round simple eyes; dorsal eyes each placed approximately dorso-laterally to ventral simple eyes, each 26.8 ± 1.5 (23.8–28.6) µm wide, ventral eyes 27.2 ± 3.2 (21.4–30.9) µm wide. Ocular sclerites weakly sclerotized, and weakly reticulated dorsally. Ocelli pronounced, situated laterally, each 19.4 ± 2.6 (15.5–23.8) µm wide, located between preocular and postocular ridges. Dorsal arm of midcranial ridge extending beyond posterior margin of dorsal eye, and ventral ridge extending from lateral arms posteriorly to just anterior to ventral simple eyes. Preocular ridge well developed, extending from inner margin of dorsal simple eyes antero-laterally to base of each scape and then postero-laterally to join post-ocular ridge just ventral to each ocellus. Post-ocular ridge well developed, extending from posterior to each dorsal simple eye antero-laterally past each ocellus and then fusing with the preocular ridge before extending postero-laterally to near mouth. Interocular ridge hinted at as a slightly more sclerotized bar dorsad to each ocellus. Preoral ridge weakly developed. Cranial apophysis not detected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086FFF88DDD5FD52FC62D9F4" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B9374971086FFF88DDD5FD52FEF6D8F1" bold="true" box="[199,321,652,677]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Antennae.</emphasis>
Ten segmented and filiform; 522 ± 73.5 (404.6–629.5) µm, as long as 0.45 ± 0.03 (0.40–0.49) of total body length. Scape, 40.3 ± 5.2 (30.9–47.6) µm long, with 6–10 hs. Pedicel 64.4 ± 6.7 (51.2–71.4) µm long, with 6–11 fs, 7–12 hs. Lengths of segments III–X (µm): III, 75.2 ± 12.7 (52.4–95.2); IV, 54.7 ± 10.4 (42.8–73.8); V, 45.8 ± 8 (35.7–59.5); VI, 49.8 ± 9.8 (38.1–64.3); VII, 46.2 ± 8.2 (34.5–57.1); VIII, 44.7 ± 7.2 (32.1–54.7); IX, 44.5± 7.9 (30.9–54.7); X, 56.3 ± 6 (50–71.4). Approximate number of fleshy setae, hair-like setae, and bristleshaped setae (ab) on each segment III–X: 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086FFF88DF7DFC9EFD7DD90C" box="[623,714,832,856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" value="2012-03-08">III 8–12</date>
fs, 8–17 hs; 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086FFF88DE48FC9EFC00D90C" box="[858,951,831,856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" value="2013-04-06">IV 6–13</date>
fs, 7–11 hs; 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086FFF88D955FC9EFB2DD90C" box="[1095,1178,831,856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" value="2010-05-05">V 5–10</date>
fs, 4–9 hs; 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086FFF88D80FFC9EFACDD90C" box="[1309,1402,831,856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" value="2010-06-06">VI 6–10</date>
fs, 5–10 hs; 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086FFF88DDEDFCBBFED3D928" box="[255,356,868,892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" value="2011-07-08">VII 8–11</date>
fs, 6–10 hs; 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086FFF88DCE4FCBBFD8BD928" box="[502,572,868,892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">VIII 1</date>
ventral ab, 6–9 fs, 5–8 hs; 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086FFF88DE62FCBBFC14D928" box="[880,931,868,892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">IX 1</date>
ventral ab, 8–9 fs, 6–7 hs; 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086FFF88D9CAFCBBFAB5D928" box="[1240,1282,868,892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">X 3</date>
subapical ab, 1–5 fs, 4–5 hs, 2 subapical capitate setae; sensilla basiconica not detected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086FFF88DDD5FC72FB30DEC9" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B9374971086FFF88DDD5FC72FEFFD991" bold="true" box="[199,328,940,965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Prothorax.</emphasis>
Pronotal ridge heavily sclerotized; pronotal sclerite represented by a subtriangular sclerotization dorsolaterally. Pronotum medially with 0 or 1 fs, 2 or 3 hs, 0–4 multilocular pores, and 1–3 discoidal pores on each side; post-tergite well developed with 3–6 fs and 1–3 hs. Pronotum laterally with 1–3 hs, 2–11 multilocular pores, and 2–4 discoidal pores. With 1–3 antero-spiracular dorsal hs, 0–2 antero-spiracular dorsal multilocular pores, and 2 or 3 discoidal pores; and with 1 or 2 antero-spiracular ventral hs, 1 or 2 antero-spiracular ventral multilocular pores, and 1–3 discoidal pores. Sternum triangular, with well-developed prosternal ridge; with 0 or 1 fs and 2–5 hs, 0–2 multilocular pores, and 0–2 discoidal pores on each side. Anteprosternal setae absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086FFF88DDD5FB79FAC8DC51" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B9374971086FFF88DDD5FB79FEEADE94" bold="true" box="[199,349,1191,1216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Mesothorax.</emphasis>
Prescutum oval, sclerotized, prescutal ridge well developed, prescutal suture distinct, with 0–3 prescutal hs on each side. Scutum sclerotized antero-laterally, with a longitudinal median narrow membranous area, with about 4–8 scutal hs on each side; prealar ridge and triangular plate well developed. Scutellum with 2–4 scutellar hs on each side; anterior and posterior pronotal wing processes well separated. Basisternum bounded anteriorly by a marginal ridge, posteriorly by strong precoxal ridges, median ridge absent, with 4–12 basisternal hs on each side, mainly along anterior and medial area; 6–12 prescutal fs, 3 or 4 prescutal hs on each side; lateropleurite narrow, mesepisternum and mesepimeron distinct; furca well developed, arms divergent and extending about halfway to marginal ridge anteriorly. Mesepisternum sclerotized, subepisternal ridge long and well developed. Postalare without setae. On each side posterior to mesospiracle 4–7 postmesospiracular fs, 1–3 postmesospiracular hs, 1–3 multilocular pores, and 1 or 2 discoidal pores. Tegula present, with 3 or 4 tegular hs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086FFF88DDD5F9D1FDDFDCEC" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B9374971086FFF88DDD5F9D1FEECDC7C" bold="true" box="[199,347,1551,1576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Metathorax.</emphasis>
Metapostnotal sclerite and metapleural ridge well developed; with 5–8 metatergal hs on each side; precoxal ridge well developed and metasternal apophyses distinct. Metepisternum and metepimeron weakly sclerotized. 1 metapleural fs, 0–2 hs, and 2 or 3 multilocular pores posterior to each metathoracic spiracle. Metasternum membranous, on each side 1 or 2 anterior metasternal fs and 2 or 3 hs, 2 or 3 anterior multilocular pores, and 1 or 2 anterior discoidal pores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086FFF88DDD5F91AFA8BDDE1" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B9374971086FFF88DDD5F91AFEAEDC89" bold="true" box="[199,281,1732,1757]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Wings.</emphasis>
Hyaline, in macropterous male 1,101.6 mµ long and 541 mµ wide, in brachypterous males 88.1–309.4 mµ long and 50–130.9 mµ wide. Ratio of length to width 1:0.5 ± 0.1 (1:0.42–1:0.64); ratio of total body length to wing length 1:0.2 (1:0.08–1:0.86); alar lobe well developed and each wing with 2 or 3 alar setae in both macropterous and brachypterous males; 1 or –2 circular sensoria in macropterous male, absent in brachypterous males. Hamulohalteres fully developed, 64.3 µm long with an apical hamulus in macropterous male; in brachypterous males entirely absent in those with wing buds less than 155 µm long, and represented by a membranous lobe 36.9–39.3 µm long with no apical hamulus in those with wing buds longer than174 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086EFF89DDD5FF49FD3ADB9B" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DDD5FF49FEB1DAE4" bold="true" box="[199,262,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Legs.</emphasis>
Metathoracic legs longest; hind femur 197.4 ± 24.7 (161.8–229.7) µm; hind tibia 243.6 ± 35.6 (185.6–297.5) µm; hind tarsus 98.5 ± 26.5 (76.2–102.3) µm; hind tarsal claw 28.8 ± 1.8 (26.2–30.9) µm. Ratio of hind femur length to hind tibia length 1:1.2 ± 0.1 (1:1.15–1:1.32); ratio of hind tibia length to hind tarsus length 1:0.4 ± 0. 1 (1:0.35–1:0.57). Hair-like and fleshy setae present, numbering: coxa I 0–3 fs, 6–14 hs, 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086EFF89D9E4FEDBFA8DDB49" box="[1270,1338,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">II 2–6</date>
fs, 7–12 hs, 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086EFF89DDACFEF6FEBDDB14" box="[190,266,296,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">III 4–8</date>
fs, 10–20 hs; trochanter I 0–2 fs, 1–3 hs, II 0 fs, 3 or 4 hs, III 0–2 fs, 3 or 4 hs; femur 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086EFF89D9DEFEF6FAB1DB14" box="[1228,1286,296,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">I 1–7</date>
fs, 26–40 hs, 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086EFF89DD85FE93FF5FDB31" box="[151,232,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" value="1916-02-02">II 2–16</date>
fs, 29–38 hs, 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086EFF89DC91FE93FE69DB30" box="[387,478,332,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" value="1922-03-08">III 8–22</date>
fs, 23–28 hs; tibia 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086EFF89DFA0FE93FCBFDB31" box="[690,776,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" value="2015-01-22">I 15–22</date>
fs, 28–34 hs, 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086EFF89DEB1FE93FBB4DB30" box="[931,1027,332,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" value="1938-02-12">II 12–38</date>
fs, 25–44 hs, 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086EFF89D98CFE93FAB1DB31" box="[1182,1286,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" value="1937-03-16">III 16–37</date>
fs, 30–32 hs; tarsus I 0 or 1 fs, 17–25 hs, II 0–2 fs, 18–28 hs, III 0–3 fs, 16–27 hs. Each trochanter with 3 campaniform pores arranged in a triangle medially on each side. Tibiae with apical spurs: 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086EFF89DED1FE4BFBB4DBF8" box="[963,1027,404,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">I 2–4</date>
, 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086EFF89D902FE4BFBEFDBF9" box="[1040,1112,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">II 3–6</date>
, 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086EFF89D974FE4BFB0BDBF8" box="[1126,1212,404,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">III 3–7.</date>
Tarsi 2 segmented, tarsal digitules capitate, claw digitules acute.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086EFF89DDD5FE02FE31DE44" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DDD5FE02FEF4DBA1" bold="true" box="[199,323,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Abdomen.</emphasis>
SI–VII: Small slightly sclerotized abdominal tergites present sometimes medially on SVII (detected in 
<specimenCount id="9D455EEA086EFF89DC36FDDEFE03D84C" box="[292,436,511,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
). Sternites unsclerotized except for a small anterolateral area on each side of SVIII, and usually around base of setae of SVIII and sometimes also of SVII. Each segment with dorsal setae numbering: SI 0–2 fs, 5 or 6 hs; SII 0–4 fs, 5–7 hs; SIII 0–4 fs, 6–8 hs; 
<date id="FFFDB3A3086EFF89DE07FD96FCD3D834" box="[789,868,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">IV 1–5</date>
fs, 5–8 hs; SV 3–6 fs, 6–8 hs; SVI 2–6 fs, 5–7 hs; SVII 0–3 fs, 4–8 hs; pleural setae and pores on each side numbering: SI 4–5 hs + 3–10 multilocular pores + 4–5 discoidal pores; SII 3–5 hs + 1–5 multilocular pores + 3–5 discoidal pores; SIII 3–5 hs + 0–4 multilocular pores + 2–4 discoidal pores; SIV 4–5 hs + 0–3 multilocular pores + 1 or 2 discoidal pores; SV 4 or 5 hs + 1–5 multilocular pores + 2 or 3 discoidal pores; SVI 4 or 5 hs + 1–6 multilocular pores + 3–5 discoidal pores; SVII 5 or 6 hs + 1–8 multilocular pores + 3–5 discoidal pores. Ventral setae numbering: SII 0–4 fs, 2–13 hs; SIII 0–4 fs, 6–8 hs; SIV 1–5 fs, 5–8 hs; SV 3–6 fs, 6 or 7 hs; SVI 2–6 fs, 4–6 hs; SVII 0–3 fs, 4 or 5 hs. With a pair of indistinct ostioles laterally between segments SVI and VII. SVIII: tergite slightly sclerotized medioposteriorly with 4 or 5 hs, and with 6–8 anteanal setae; sternite with a small slightly sclerotized anterolateral area on each side of SVIII, without ventral setae; caudal extension rounded with 2 or 3 pleural setae, their bases usually surrounded by a small sclerotized area. Glandular pouches shallow, each with 7–28 multilocular pores spreading out around pouch, 1–3 discoidal pores, and 2 long glandular pouch setae, each 312.5 ± 11.6 (295.1–335.6) µm long, and 1 shorter seta, 55.9 ± 10.7 (47.6–71.4) µm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086EFF89DDD5FBC2FE88DF01" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DDD5FBC2FE2ADE61" bold="true" box="[199,413,1052,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Genital segments.</emphasis>
Penial sheath subtriangular, 146.7 ± 10.2 (130.9–161.8) µm long, 83.4 ± 6.3 (72.6–90.4) µm wide across basal ridge, ratio of penial sheath length to width 1:0.6 ± 0.03 (1:0.54–1:0.63). Anal opening not detected but probably present just posterior to tergite SIX on dorsal surface. Dorsally with 3 small setae near base of style on each side. Ventrally, style approximately parallel sided with truncate apex; basal ridge well developed and with a small anteromedial projection on each side; lateral processes of penial sheath indistinct; with 2–6 small setae on anterior portion of penial sheath and a row of 2–6 minute setal sensilla along medial side of penial sheath slit. Basal rod distinct, extending anteriorly to basal ridge. Aedeagus 104.2 ± 10.8 (88.1–121.4) µm long, approximately parallel sided, tapering apically to a blunt point, extending beyond end of penial sheath to 0.66–0.75 of style length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359C6E8086EFF86DDD5FA81FB79D99C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086EFF89DDD5FA81FCA4DCCF" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DDD5FA81FEF6DF2C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1375,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DCC8FABEFD47DF2C" box="[474,752,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DCC8FABEFD47DF2C" box="[474,752,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Pseudococcus variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from females of all other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89D9EFFABEFA2BDF2C" box="[1277,1436,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89D9EFFABEFA2BDF2C" box="[1277,1436,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Pseudococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known to feed on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DC71FA5AFE69DFC8" box="[355,478,1412,1436]" class="Liliopsida" family="Agavaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Agavaceae</taxonomicName>
except for 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DF4FFA5AFBE6DFC9" authority="Ferris in Zimmerman" authorityName="Ferris in Zimmerman" box="[605,1105,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floriger">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DF4FFA5AFCEFDFC8" box="[605,856,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Pseudococcus floriger</emphasis>
Ferris 
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DEBBFA5BFC08DFC8" box="[937,959,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">in</emphasis>
Zimmerman
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89D995FA5BFA2BDFC9" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" box="[1159,1436,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orchidicola">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89D995FA5BFA94DFC8" box="[1159,1315,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. orchidicola</emphasis>
Takahashi
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6C1A0D8086EFF89DD8CFA79FF45DF94" box="[158,242,1447,1472]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="14.[119,210,484,507]" captionTargetBox="[119,1861,680,1639]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnοstic characters οf adult females οf Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. cοmpared tο cοngeners repοrted tο feed οn Agavaceae. Sοurces ∶ 1 ∶ Τhis study; 2 ∶ Ferris in Ζimmerman 1948; 3 ∶ Williams &amp; Watsοn 1988; 4 ∶ Williams &amp; Granara de Willink 1992; 5 ∶ Gimpel &amp; Miller 1996; 6 ∶ Williams 2004." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3CC5EB0867FF80DD65FE3AF953D849" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" tableUuid="DF3CC5EB0867FF80DD65FE3AF953D849">Table 1</tableCitation>
), and from most other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DF7DFA76FCB9DF94" box="[623,782,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DF7DFA76FCB9DF94" box="[623,782,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Pseudococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known from the New World (
<tableCitation id="C6C1A0D8086EFF89D973FA79FB0FDF94" box="[1121,1208,1447,1472]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[119,209,466,489]" captionTargetBox="[134,1847,686,1607]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 2. Diagnοstic characters οf adult females οf Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. cοmpared tο New Wοrld cοngeners sharing the presence οf a ventral ΟR pοsteriοr tο frοntal cerarius. Sοurces ∶ 1 ∶ Τhis study; 2 ∶ Ferris in Ζimmerman 1948; 3 ∶ Beardsley 1959; 4 ∶ McKenzie 1962; 5 ∶ McKenzie 1964; 6 ∶ McKenzie 1967; Williams &amp; Watsοn 1988; 8 ∶ Williams &amp; Granara de Willink 1992; 9 ∶ Gimpel &amp; Miller 1996; 10 ∶ Williams 2004. Abbreviatiοns ∶ pοlyph. = pοlyphagοus; multilοc. = multilοcular disc pοres; AΖ = Arizοna, CA = Califοrnia, FL = Flοrida, Galap. = Galapagοs Islands, HI = Hawaii, ΤX = Τexas, Mex. = Mexicο, N. M. I. Nοrthern Mariana Islands." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3CC5EB0879FF9EDD65FE0CFE12D822" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" tableUuid="DF3CC5EB0879FF9EDD65FE0CFE12D822">Table 2</tableCitation>
), by the presence of a ventral OR posterior to each frontal cerarius. The following combination of characters allows separation of females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DC01FA2FFE2CDC5C" box="[275,411,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DC01FA2FFE2CDC5C" box="[275,411,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from these two species as well (
<tableCitation id="C6C1A0D8086EFF89DE17FA31FCD2DC5C" box="[773,869,1519,1544]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="14.[119,210,484,507]" captionTargetBox="[119,1861,680,1639]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnοstic characters οf adult females οf Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. cοmpared tο cοngeners repοrted tο feed οn Agavaceae. Sοurces ∶ 1 ∶ Τhis study; 2 ∶ Ferris in Ζimmerman 1948; 3 ∶ Williams &amp; Watsοn 1988; 4 ∶ Williams &amp; Granara de Willink 1992; 5 ∶ Gimpel &amp; Miller 1996; 6 ∶ Williams 2004." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3CC5EB0867FF80DD65FE3AF953D849" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" tableUuid="DF3CC5EB0867FF80DD65FE3AF953D849">Tables 1</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6C1A0D8086EFF89DE61FA2EFC33DC5C" box="[883,900,1520,1544]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[119,209,466,489]" captionTargetBox="[134,1847,686,1607]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 2. Diagnοstic characters οf adult females οf Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. cοmpared tο New Wοrld cοngeners sharing the presence οf a ventral ΟR pοsteriοr tο frοntal cerarius. Sοurces ∶ 1 ∶ Τhis study; 2 ∶ Ferris in Ζimmerman 1948; 3 ∶ Beardsley 1959; 4 ∶ McKenzie 1962; 5 ∶ McKenzie 1964; 6 ∶ McKenzie 1967; Williams &amp; Watsοn 1988; 8 ∶ Williams &amp; Granara de Willink 1992; 9 ∶ Gimpel &amp; Miller 1996; 10 ∶ Williams 2004. Abbreviatiοns ∶ pοlyph. = pοlyphagοus; multilοc. = multilοcular disc pοres; AΖ = Arizοna, CA = Califοrnia, FL = Flοrida, Galap. = Galapagοs Islands, HI = Hawaii, ΤX = Τexas, Mex. = Mexicο, N. M. I. Nοrthern Mariana Islands." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3CC5EB0879FF9EDD65FE0CFE12D822" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" tableUuid="DF3CC5EB0879FF9EDD65FE0CFE12D822">2</tableCitation>
): presence on each side of a dorsal OR between eye and anterior ostiole; ventral OC on thoracic submargin present at level of front coxa only; translucent pores on hind leg limited to tibia and femur; 15 or 16 pairs of cerarii, those on SII (C7) well developed; ventral multilocular pores on abdomen present from SVIII to SIV or III; eye lacking a sclerotized rim; dorsal setae 30–48 µm long; hind tibia 240–309 µm long; anal lobe seta 132–180 µm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC9563086EFF86DDD5F978FEA0DB14" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2016]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1688]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
Adult males of 11 species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DF02F979FD19DCEB" box="[528,686,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DF02F979FD19DCEB" box="[528,686,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Pseudococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described: 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DEB8F976FBF3DCEB" box="[938,1092,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antricolens">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DEB8F976FBF3DCEB" box="[938,1092,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. antricolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89D940F976FB4DDCEB" box="[1106,1274,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceolariae">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89D940F976FB4DDCEB" box="[1106,1274,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. calceolariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89D81BF976FA22DCEB" box="[1289,1429,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comstocki">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89D81BF976FA22DCEB" box="[1289,1429,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. comstocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DD85F915FEB1DCB6" box="[151,262,1739,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryptus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DD85F915FEB1DCB6" box="[151,262,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. cryptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DC05F915FE3EDCB7" box="[279,393,1739,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floriger">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DC05F915FE3EDCB7" box="[279,393,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. floriger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DC8BF915FD8FDCB7" box="[409,568,1739,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DC8BF915FD8FDCB7" box="[409,568,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. longispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DF5AF915FD7ADCB7" box="[584,717,1739,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycopodii">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DF5AF915FD7ADCB7" box="[584,717,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. lycopodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DFCCF915FCDEDCB6" box="[734,873,1739,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DFCCF915FCDEDCB6" box="[734,873,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DE6BF915FB24DCB7" authority="Beardsley" authorityName="Beardsley" box="[889,1171,1738,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiductus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DE6BF915FBAEDCB7" box="[889,1049,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. multiductus</emphasis>
Beardsley
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89D9B3F915FAF2DCB7" box="[1185,1349,1739,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipturicolus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89D9B3F915FAF2DCB7" box="[1185,1349,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. pipturicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89D895F915FF5FDD53" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89D895F915FF5FDD53" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. viburni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD2E892086EFF89DDE9F930FE02DD53" author="Beardsley" box="[251,437,1774,1799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" refString="Beardsley, J. W. (1960 [1959]) A preliminary study of the males of some Hawaiian mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 17, 199 - 243." type="journal article" year="1960">Beardsley 1960</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD2E892086EFF89DCD7F930FDB6DD53" author="Beardsley" box="[453,513,1774,1799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" refString="Beardsley, J. W. (1962 [1961]) Descriptions and notes on male mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 18, 81 - 98." type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
; Gilliomee 1961; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD2E892086EFF89DFCBF930FCEFDD53" author="Afifi" box="[729,856,1774,1799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" refString="Afifi, S. (1968) Morphology and taxonomy of the adult males of the families Pseudococcidae and Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). British Museum (Natural History), 2 nd Report on Economic Zoology, 13, 3 - 210." type="journal article" year="1968">Afifi 1968</bibRefCitation>
). With the exception of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89D96DF92EFA94DD53" box="[1151,1315,1775,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiductus">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89D96DF92EFA94DD53" box="[1151,1315,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. multiductus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which is Australasian), all the other species occur in the New World. The adult male of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89D917F8CDFB3ADD7F" box="[1029,1165,1811,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89D917F8CDFB3ADD7F" box="[1029,1165,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares the penial sheath medial slit lacking distinct lateral processes only with those of 
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DE65F8E6FBA9DD1B" box="[887,1054,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. ca l ce o l a r i a e</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89D921F8E6FB76DD1B" box="[1075,1217,1847,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comstocki">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89D921F8E6FB76DD1B" box="[1075,1217,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. comstocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89D9C1F8E6FAF7DD1B" box="[1235,1344,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. c r yp t us</emphasis>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89D895F8E6FF5FDD27" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89D895F8E6FF5FDD27" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. viburni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It differs from these four species (character-states for other species in parenthesis) in having: (a) tip of aedeagus simple (forked in 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89DCC2F85EFD89DDC3" box="[464,574,1919,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89DCC2F85EFD89DDC3" box="[464,574,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. viburni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), (b) dorsal and ventral abdominal setae subequal to or shorter than half the length of the segment they occupy (longer than half the length of the segment they occupy in 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE0086EFF89D9AEF87DFAD3DDEF" box="[1212,1380,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceolariae">
<emphasis id="B9374971086EFF89D9AEF87DFAD3DDEF" box="[1212,1380,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. calceolariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), (c) penial sheath 131–162 µm long, with sides narrowed abruptly at level of base of style (penial sheath 200 µm long, tapering gradually to tip of style in 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DF29FF47FD1BDAE4" box="[571,684,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryptus">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DF29FF47FD1BDAE4" box="[571,684,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. cryptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and (d) basal ridge of penial sheath with a small anteromedial projection on each side, penial sheath ventrally with 2–6 small setae on anterior portion and a row of 2–6 minute setal sensilla along each side of medial slit (basal ridge of penial sheath lacking projections, penial sheath ventrally with about 12 small setae on medial portion and no row of minute setal sensilla along each side of medial slit in 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86D895FEDBFEB0DB14" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comstocki">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86D895FEDBFEB0DB14" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. comstocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC95630861FF86DDD5FE92FD72DBDC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DDD5FE92FE3BDB31" bold="true" box="[199,396,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Molecular data.</emphasis>
The DNA sequences of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DFD7FE92FC69DB30" box="[709,990,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DFD7FE92FC69DB30" box="[709,990,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Pseudococcus variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are available at GenBank under the following accession numbers and associated data:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC95630861FF86DDD5FE4AFD46D8D1" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<accessionNumber id="941008800861FF86DDD5FE4AFEF1DBF8" box="[199,326,404,428]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU234772" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">KU234772</accessionNumber>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DC4BFE4AFBA8DBF8" authority="von Ellenrieder &amp; Watson, U.S.A." authorityName="von Ellenrieder &amp; Watson, U.S.A." box="[345,1055,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DC4BFE4AFDC6DBF8" box="[345,625,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Pseudococcus variabilis</emphasis>
von Ellenrieder &amp; Watson, 
<collectingCountry id="F354D5F30861FF86DEC2FE4AFBA8DBF8" box="[976,1055,404,428]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
, California, San Diego County, Encinitas, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DC21FE66FE7DDB84" box="[307,458,440,464]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shawii">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DC21FE66FE7DDB84" box="[307,458,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Agave shawii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFFDB3A30861FF86DCC8FE66FDE5DB84" box="[474,594,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" value="2012-12-02">2 xii 2012</date>
, D. Kellum leg., CSCA- FTC code 11H102; 
<accessionNumber id="941008800861FF86D947FE66FB62DB84" box="[1109,1237,440,464]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU234773" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">KU234773</accessionNumber>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86D9F3FE67FE47DBA0" authority="von Ellenrieder &amp; Watson, U.S.A." authorityName="von Ellenrieder &amp; Watson, U.S.A." class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86D9F3FE67FADEDB84" box="[1249,1385,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. variabilis</emphasis>
von Ellenrieder &amp; Watson, 
<collectingCountry id="F354D5F30861FF86DCB0FE02FE47DBA0" box="[418,496,476,500]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
, California, San Diego County, Oceanside, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86D900FE02FB44DBA0" box="[1042,1267,476,500]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vilmoriniana">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86D900FE02FB44DBA0" box="[1042,1267,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Agave vilmoriniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFFDB3A30861FF86D816FE02FAC1DBA0" box="[1284,1398,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" value="2011-11-02">2 xi 2011</date>
, G. Terhall leg., CSCA- FTC code 11H103; 
<accessionNumber id="941008800861FF86DF7BFDDEFD5FD84C" box="[617,744,512,536]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU234774" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">KU234774</accessionNumber>
, same data but CSCA-FTC code 11H106; 
<accessionNumber id="941008800861FF86D9C4FDDEFAE2D84C" box="[1238,1365,512,536]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU234772" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">KU234772</accessionNumber>
, same data but on variegated 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DCB7FDFAFE5CD86F" box="[421,491,548,571]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DCB7FDFAFE5CD86F" box="[421,491,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CSCA- FTC code 11H110; 
<accessionNumber id="941008800861FF86DE50FDFAFC76D869" box="[834,961,548,573]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU234776" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">KU234776</accessionNumber>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DEC2FDFBFA2FD868" authority="von Ellenrieder &amp; Watson" authorityName="von Ellenrieder &amp; Watson" box="[976,1432,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DEC2FDFBFBECD868" box="[976,1115,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. variabilis</emphasis>
von Ellenrieder &amp; Watson
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F354D5F30861FF86DD85FD99FF58D834" box="[151,239,583,608]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, Jalisco, El Arenal, Llano Grande, 
<date id="FFFDB3A30861FF86DF9BFD96FCBDD834" box="[649,778,583,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" value="2014-11-29">29 xi 2014</date>
, H. González Hernández leg., CSCA-FTC code 15T336; 
<accessionNumber id="941008800861FF86DD85FDB2FEA1D8D0" box="[151,278,620,644]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU234777" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">KU234777</accessionNumber>
, same data but CSCA- FTC code 15T337.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC95630861FF86DDD5FD51FD03D8A4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
The COI sequences of the specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DF9FFD4FFCA2D8FC" box="[653,789,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DF9FFD4FFCA2D8FC" box="[653,789,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Encinitas and Oceanside in California differ by one base pair (out of about 600 base pairs), and they differ from the sequences of the specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F354D5F30861FF86D9F6FD6AFA8ED899" box="[1252,1337,692,717]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Mexico</collectingCountry>
by eight (about 1.3 %) and nine (about 1.5 %) base pairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC95630861FF86DDD5FD22FC1AD9D4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DDD5FD22FE69D940" box="[199,478,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DDD5FD22FE69D940" box="[199,478,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Pseudococcus variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the other 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DFEBFD22FC20D940" box="[761,919,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DFEBFD22FC20D940" box="[761,919,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Pseudococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species sequenced so-far for a comparable sequence of the COI (based on 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD2E8920861FF86DF1CFCC1FD7CD96C" author="Park" box="[526,715,799,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" refString="Park, D. - S., Suh, S. - J., Hebert, P. D. N., Oh, H. - W. &amp; Hong, K. - J. (2011) DNA barcodes for two scale insect families, mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 101, 429 - 434." type="journal article" year="2011">
Park 
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DF5FFCFFFD3ED96C" box="[589,649,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
sequences in GenBank and CSCA database) by 10–11 % (
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86D895FCFFFE8AD908" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudobscurus">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86D895FCFFFE8AD908" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. pseudobscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 11.8–12.3 % (
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DCEBFC9BFD3ED908" box="[505,649,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritimus">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DCEBFC9BFD3ED908" box="[505,649,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. maritimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DF8BFC9BFCB0D908" box="[665,775,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DF8BFC9BFCB0D908" box="[665,775,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. viburni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 13 % (
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DE62FC9BFC49D908" box="[880,1022,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comstocki">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DE62FC9BFC49D908" box="[880,1022,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. comstocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 12.9–13.2 % (
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86D9A9FC9BFAEDD908" box="[1211,1370,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinus">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86D9A9FC9BFAEDD908" box="[1211,1370,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. longispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and 14–15 % (
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DC1EFCB7FE04D9D4" box="[268,435,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceolariae">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DC1EFCB7FE04D9D4" box="[268,435,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. calceolariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DCD3FCB7FD99D9D4" box="[449,558,873,896]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryptus">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DCD3FCB7FD99D9D4" box="[449,558,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. cryptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DF2FFCB7FD66D92B" box="[573,721,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="importatus">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DF2FFCB7FD66D92B" box="[573,721,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. importatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DFF2FCB7FC2AD9D4" box="[736,925,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jackbeardsleyi">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DFF2FCB7FC2AD9D4" box="[736,925,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. jackbeardsleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC95630861FF86DDD5FC52FB79D99C" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DDD5FC52FEA6D9F1" bold="true" box="[199,273,908,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DC0AFC52FEE9D9F7" box="[280,350,908,931]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DC0AFC52FEE9D9F7" box="[280,350,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Agave</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., including 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DF00FC52FD1ED9F0" box="[530,681,908,932]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DF00FC52FD1ED9F0" box="[530,681,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">A. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DFA5FC52FC97D9F0" box="[695,800,908,932]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shawii">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DFA5FC52FC97D9F0" box="[695,800,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">A. shawii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DE3CFC52FC00D9F0" box="[814,951,908,932]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tequilana">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DE3CFC52FC00D9F0" box="[814,951,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">A. tequilana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
blue variety, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86D992FC52FA87D9F0" box="[1152,1328,908,932]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vilmoriniana">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86D992FC52FA87D9F0" box="[1152,1328,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">A. vilmoriniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86D82DFC52FA2ED9F1" box="[1343,1433,908,933]" class="Liliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Liliales</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DD85FC6EFEA0D99C" box="[151,279,944,968]" class="Liliopsida" family="Agavaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Agavaceae</taxonomicName>
). The single record on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DF05FC6EFC98D99C" box="[535,815,943,968]" class="Liliopsida" family="Xanthorrhoeaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DF05FC6EFDFCD99C" box="[535,587,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Aloe</emphasis>
(Xanthorrhoeaceae)
</taxonomicName>
is probably an error in host labeling.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359C6E80861FF86DDD5FC0AFCFADF23" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFC95630861FF86DDD5FC0AFCFADF23" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DDD5FC0AFE90D9B9" bold="true" box="[199,295,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Biology.</emphasis>
Adult females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DCE3FC0BFDC0D9B8" box="[497,631,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DCE3FC0BFDC0D9B8" box="[497,631,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
produce cottony ovisac wax that, in heavy infestations, coalesces into a mass of wax mixed with females, eggs, crawlers and males (
<figureCitation id="137889E60861FF86DE2EFC29FCCBDE44" box="[828,892,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1390,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1390,1901]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. Macroscopic appearance. 1 a. Adult female, ovisac wax, eggs and juveniles on Agave sp. leaf from Nursery in Irwindale, California, U. S. A. Photograph: Gevork Arakelian. 1 b. Agave sp. plant at the San Diego Zoo in California, U. S. A., with infestation of Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. near base and on underside of lower leaves. Photograph: Tracy Ellis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271263/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
a). The mealybugs are generally restricted to the underside of the leaves and infestations are usually heavier on the lower leaves (
<figureCitation id="137889E60861FF86D934FBC2FBD1DE61" box="[1062,1126,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1390,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1390,1901]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. Macroscopic appearance. 1 a. Adult female, ovisac wax, eggs and juveniles on Agave sp. leaf from Nursery in Irwindale, California, U. S. A. Photograph: Gevork Arakelian. 1 b. Agave sp. plant at the San Diego Zoo in California, U. S. A., with infestation of Pseudococcus variabilis sp. n. near base and on underside of lower leaves. Photograph: Tracy Ellis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271263/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
b), which appear shriveled, brown, and covered in wax, and can eventually die. In 
<collectingCountry id="F354D5F30861FF86DFEAFBE1FCE7DE0C" box="[760,848,1087,1112]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DE48FB9FFC57DE0C" box="[858,992,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DE48FB9FFC57DE0C" box="[858,992,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported infesting 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86D9F7FB9EFA2BDE0C" box="[1253,1436,1088,1112]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tequilana">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86D9F7FB9EFA2BDE0C" box="[1253,1436,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Agave tequilana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(blue variety) plants, used in the production of tequila, from the base near the roots to the underside of the leaves and the leaves at the heart (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD2E8920861FF86DCD9FB59FC81DEF4" author="Gonzalez" box="[459,822,1159,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" refString="Gonzalez Hernandez, H., del Real Laborde, J. I. &amp; Solis Aguilar, J. F. (2007) Manejo de plagas del agave tequilero. Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Mexico, viii + 123 pp." type="book" year="2007">
González Hernández 
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DFACFB57FD40DEF4" box="[702,759,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DE4FFB56FC4CDEF4" box="[861,1019,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DE4FFB56FC4CDEF4" box="[861,1019,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Pseudococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204F40A0861FF86D911FB57FBE9DEF4" box="[1027,1118,1160,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD2E8920861FF86D963FB59FF56DE90" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" refString="Gonzalez Hernandez, H., del Real Laborde, J. I. &amp; Solis Aguilar, J. F. (2007) Manejo de plagas del agave tequilero. Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Mexico, viii + 123 pp." type="book">
González Hernández 
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86D871FB57FA2BDEF4" box="[1379,1436,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
studied the fluctuations in population density of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DE1EFB73FC24DE90" box="[780,915,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DE1EFB73FC24DE90" box="[780,915,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in three areas of Jalisco where 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86D9EAFB72FA35DE90" box="[1272,1410,1196,1220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tequilana">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86D9EAFB72FA35DE90" box="[1272,1410,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">A. tequilana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is grown and found that it peaks in July, or July and August, and decreases in winter, from December to March or April. They also mentioned that several unidentified species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DE45FB2AFB35DF58" authority="(Hymenoptera)" baseAuthorityName="Hymenoptera" box="[855,1154,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera)</taxonomicName>
parasitize 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86D9E8FB2BFAC8DF58" box="[1274,1407,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86D9E8FB2BFAC8DF58" box="[1274,1407,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in these populations. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD2E8920861FF86DC7EFAC6FD25DF64" box="[364,658,1304,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" refString="Lopez Dominguez, O. (2008) Parasitoides asociados a la escama armada (Acutaspis agavis) y al piojo harinoso (Pseudococcus sp.), plagas del agave tequilero (Agave tequilana Weber), en Jalisco, Mexico. Tesis de Maestria. Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Chapingo, Mexico, 61 pp." type="book">López Domínguez (2008)</bibRefCitation>
recorded an average incidence of 7.12 % by the encyrtid parasitoid 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DD85FAE2FD0EDF01" authority="Noyes and Shauff" authorityName="Noyes and Shauff" box="[151,697,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Pseudleptomastix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DD85FAE2FE61DF00" box="[151,470,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Pseudleptomastix mexicana</emphasis>
Noyes and Shauff
</taxonomicName>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DFE3FAE3FC37DF00" box="[753,896,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DFE3FAE3FC37DF00" box="[753,896,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Jalisco. Populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86D9D8FAE3FAE0DF00" box="[1226,1367,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86D9D8FAE3FAE0DF00" box="[1226,1367,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from California are occasionally found coexisting with 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DFD5FABFFCF1DF2C" box="[711,838,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Paracoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillianae">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DFD5FABFFCF1DF2C" box="[711,838,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P. gillianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359C6E80861FF86DDD5FA5AFE1ADCCC" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFC95630861FF86DDD5FA5AFE1ADCCC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DDD5FA5AFED7DFC9" bold="true" box="[199,352,1412,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DC7AFA5AFDCEDFC8" box="[360,633,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DC7AFA5AFDCEDFC8" box="[360,633,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Pseudococcus variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not recorded by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD2E8920861FF86DE7CFA5AFB82DFC9" author="McKenzie" box="[878,1077,1412,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" refString="McKenzie, H. L. (1967) Mealybugs of California with Taxonomy, Biology, and Control of North American Species (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 526 pp." type="book" year="1967">McKenzie (1967)</bibRefCitation>
for California, so it is probably native to 
<collectingCountry id="F354D5F30861FF86DC16FA79FEEDDF94" box="[260,346,1447,1472]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and is only more recently adventive to southern California. The species appears to be moving about in the nursery trade on 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DCFDFA12FDDADFB0" box="[495,621,1484,1508]" class="Liliopsida" family="Agavaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Agavaceae</taxonomicName>
, and it could also have been introduced to other southern states of the United Sates where its host plants are used for landscaping. In California, it has been found in nurseries in Los Angeles, San Diego, Santa Barbara and Riverside Counties, and outdoors in landscaped areas in the first three counties. In 
<collectingCountry id="F354D5F30861FF86DC36F9E9FECBDC04" box="[292,380,1591,1616]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded from Jalisco State as 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DE79F9E6FBBEDC04" box="[875,1033,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DE79F9E6FBBEDC04" box="[875,1033,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Pseudococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A204F40A0861FF86D900F9E6FBDDDC1B" box="[1042,1130,1592,1615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD2E8920861FF86D968F9E9FA20DC04" author="Solis" box="[1146,1431,1591,1616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" refString="Solis Aguilar, J. F., Gonzalez Hernandez, H., Flores Mendoza, F. J., Santos Cabrera, M., Hernandez Calderon, E., Valle de la Paz, A. R., Equihua Martinez, A., Leyva Vazquez, J. L. &amp; Martinez Garza, A. (1999) Insectos Asociados con Agave tequilana Weber, var. Azul, en cinco localidades de Jalisco, Mexico. In: Bautista-Martinez, N., Morales-Galvan, O., Ruiz- Montiel, C. (Eds.), Memorias del XXXIV Congreso Nacional de Entomologia, Soc. Mex. de Entomologia. Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, 23 - 26 May, 1999, pp. 455 - 457." type="journal article" year="1999">
Solis Aguilar 
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86D808F9E7FAE3DC04" box="[1306,1364,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD2E8920861FF86DD85F982FDBADC20" author="Gonzalez" box="[151,525,1628,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" refString="Gonzalez Hernandez, H., del Real Laborde, J. I. &amp; Solis Aguilar, J. F. (2007) Manejo de plagas del agave tequilero. Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Mexico, viii + 123 pp." type="book" year="2007">
González Hernández 
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DC9CF983FE7EDC20" box="[398,457,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
) infesting 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DF98F982FCF3DC20" box="[650,836,1628,1652]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tequilana">
<emphasis id="B93749710861FF86DF98F982FCF3DC20" box="[650,836,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Agave tequilana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but it most likely has a wider distribution and host range within 
<taxonomicName id="4C43EEE00861FF86DC39F95EFE1DDCCC" box="[299,426,1664,1688]" class="Liliopsida" family="Agavaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Agavaceae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>