139 lines
19 KiB
XML
139 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="5F5372085D854E509A7DA7D91D11AAD0" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4238.3.6SLASH10402" ID-CLB-Dataset="36339" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4238.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d97b6547-0416-4107-92ac-14e0d31817ad" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="345800" ID-ZooBank="A7B98CE6-E473-47D6-83E5-A92F296ADB6E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1488789862215" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas & Karraker, Nancy E." docDate="2017" docId="0393D425FF82FF94FF0681FC2CF6534C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4238.3.6SLASH10402.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4238 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chordodes caledoniensis (Villot, 1874) Romer 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="398" masterDocId="FFAAAC5DFF81FF90FF91847E286B5273" masterDocTitle="Nematomorpha from Hong Kong and description of a new species from Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="405" masterPageNumber="395" pageNumber="398" updateTime="1698437642672" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="403D6CF9E5F6F2ACEF1ECE790693940C">Nematomorpha from Hong Kong and description of a new species from Malaysia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA58B438937296D1B02382863B864C7F">Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="83CD822BE1F505385B615E3F804DF1A7">Karraker, Nancy E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D76AE8F423D35C9F7A0A626534D2B0B0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="98E2551060F815B4AF0094C08A891C2A">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="CDE38F36BB41790478B43453E29311A0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4238.3.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0393D425FF82FF94FF0681FC2CF6534C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052384" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127719349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6052384" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393D425FF82FF94FF0681FC2CF6534C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393D425FF82FF94FF0681FC2CF6534C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
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<subSubSection id="C32036B8FF82FF93FF0681FC295257CD" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B856533FF82FF93FF0681FC2B7A57EE" blockId="3.[151,785,1410,1470]" box="[151,785,1410,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
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<heading id="D0CDD25FFF82FF93FF0681FC2B7A57EE" bold="true" box="[151,785,1410,1437]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A1EB0FF82FF93FF0681FC2B7A57EE" ID-CoL="5YCHX" authority="(Villot, 1874) Romer, 1896" authorityName="(Villot, 1874) Romer" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,785,1410,1437]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="caledoniensis">
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<emphasis id="B94EB921FF82FF93FF0681FC2B7A57EE" bold="true" box="[151,785,1410,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
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<emphasis id="B94EB921FF82FF93FF0681FC29A857EF" bold="true" box="[151,451,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Chordodes caledoniensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB18C2FF82FF93FE4381FD2A0F57EE" author="Villot" box="[466,612,1411,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" refString="Villot, A. (1874) Monographie des Dragonneaux (Genre Gordius, Dujardin), introduction + premiere partie. Taxonomie et histoire naturelle. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 3, 39 - 72." type="journal article" year="1874">Villot, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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) Römer, 1896
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B856533FF82FF93FF0681DB295257CD" blockId="3.[151,785,1410,1470]" box="[151,313,1445,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130179B6FF82FF93FF0F81DB289557CD" box="[158,254,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,398,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,375,1693]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B. Chordodes bipilus (V 13393). A. Cuticular structures showing crowned areole cluster, two types of simple areoles (sar 1 and sar 2), thorn (thar) and tubercle (tuar) areoles. Unlabelled circle shows branching of apical filaments in the crowned areoles. B. Magnification of crowned areole cluster, unlabelled circle see A. C – E. Chordodes caledoniensis (V 13394). C. Overview on the cuticle showing simple areoles and clusters of crowned areoles with crowned areoles (crar) and circumcluster areoles (ccar). D. Magnification of crowned areole cluster. Arrows show simple areoles with “ knobby ” surface. E. Crowned areoles with long apical filaments along both sides of the ventral midline (vml)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/345802/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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C–E)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32036B8FF82FF93FF0681932AD8543D" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B856533FF82FF93FF0681932AD8543D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1517,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
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<materialsCitation id="3B526F6EFF82FF93FF0681932AD8543D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1438340311" collectingDate="2012-07-02" collectorName="N. E. Karraker" country="Hong Kong" elevation="172" location="Hamburg" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hamburg">
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<emphasis id="B94EB921FF82FF93FF06819329EA5475" bold="true" box="[151,385,1517,1542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Material examined.</emphasis>
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One female from Peel Rise stream in Aberdeen Country Park,
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<collectingCountry id="F32D25A3FF82FF93FBD881902CA65475" box="[1097,1229,1518,1542]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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(UTM Zone 50Q, 2464218N/206695E),
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<elevation id="00178200FF82FF93FE02826F2A24545A" box="[403,591,1553,1578]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" unit="m" value="172.0">
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elevation
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<quantity id="4CC2C8D6FF82FF93FD92826C2A24545A" box="[515,591,1554,1578]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" unit="m" value="172.0">172 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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. Collected by
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<collectorName id="26CF00E5FF82FF93FD65826C2BFF5459" box="[756,916,1553,1578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">N.E. Karraker</collectorName>
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on
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<collectingDate id="EFC0BA1BFF82FF93FC53826F2C385459" box="[962,1107,1553,1578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" value="2012-07-02">
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<date id="FF8443F3FF82FF93FC53826F2C385459" box="[962,1107,1553,1578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" value="2012-07-02">July 2, 2012</date>
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</collectingDate>
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. Deposited in the Zoological Museum
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<collectingRegion id="49FEABD1FF82FF93FE91824B2907543D" box="[256,364,1589,1614]" country="Germany" name="Hamburg" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
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, accession numbers
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<accessionNumber id="9469F8D0FF82FF93FDC082482AC4543D" box="[593,687,1590,1614]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V13394" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" type="EnaNcbi">V13394</accessionNumber>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32036B8FF82FF93FF5682272BFE5539" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B856533FF82FF93FF5682272BFE5539" blockId="3.[151,1437,1517,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
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<emphasis id="B94EB921FF82FF93FF56822729325401" bold="true" box="[199,345,1625,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Description.</emphasis>
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The specimen is
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<quantity id="4CC2C8D6FF82FF93FDB182242A155402" box="[544,638,1626,1650]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" unit="mm" value="290.0">290 mm</quantity>
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long and has a diameter of
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<quantity id="4CC2C8D6FF82FF93FC2A82242C7E5402" box="[955,1045,1626,1650]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
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. The body color is medium brown and has a strong pattern of darker patches (“leopard pattern”). Simple areoles are rounded and have tiny “knobs” on the surface (
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<figureCitation id="130179B6FF82FF93FEBB82DF291854C9" box="[298,371,1697,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,398,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,375,1693]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B. Chordodes bipilus (V 13393). A. Cuticular structures showing crowned areole cluster, two types of simple areoles (sar 1 and sar 2), thorn (thar) and tubercle (tuar) areoles. Unlabelled circle shows branching of apical filaments in the crowned areoles. B. Magnification of crowned areole cluster, unlabelled circle see A. C – E. Chordodes caledoniensis (V 13394). C. Overview on the cuticle showing simple areoles and clusters of crowned areoles with crowned areoles (crar) and circumcluster areoles (ccar). D. Magnification of crowned areole cluster. Arrows show simple areoles with “ knobby ” surface. E. Crowned areoles with long apical filaments along both sides of the ventral midline (vml)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/345802/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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D). Others, slightly larger and more elevated, have a smooth surface; these may represent bulging areoles (
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<figureCitation id="130179B6FF82FF93FEC082BB29FF54AD" box="[337,404,1733,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,398,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,375,1693]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B. Chordodes bipilus (V 13393). A. Cuticular structures showing crowned areole cluster, two types of simple areoles (sar 1 and sar 2), thorn (thar) and tubercle (tuar) areoles. Unlabelled circle shows branching of apical filaments in the crowned areoles. B. Magnification of crowned areole cluster, unlabelled circle see A. C – E. Chordodes caledoniensis (V 13394). C. Overview on the cuticle showing simple areoles and clusters of crowned areoles with crowned areoles (crar) and circumcluster areoles (ccar). D. Magnification of crowned areole cluster. Arrows show simple areoles with “ knobby ” surface. E. Crowned areoles with long apical filaments along both sides of the ventral midline (vml)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/345802/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C). Tubercle areoles are present, and thorn areoles are very rare, but present. Crowned areole clusters are composed of a pair of crowned areoles with short apical filaments (<15 µm), surrounded by 8–12 broad and round circumcluster areoles with a smooth surface (
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<figureCitation id="130179B6FF82FF93FCC383732BFD5555" box="[850,918,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,398,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,375,1693]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B. Chordodes bipilus (V 13393). A. Cuticular structures showing crowned areole cluster, two types of simple areoles (sar 1 and sar 2), thorn (thar) and tubercle (tuar) areoles. Unlabelled circle shows branching of apical filaments in the crowned areoles. B. Magnification of crowned areole cluster, unlabelled circle see A. C – E. Chordodes caledoniensis (V 13394). C. Overview on the cuticle showing simple areoles and clusters of crowned areoles with crowned areoles (crar) and circumcluster areoles (ccar). D. Magnification of crowned areole cluster. Arrows show simple areoles with “ knobby ” surface. E. Crowned areoles with long apical filaments along both sides of the ventral midline (vml)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/345802/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C, D). On both sides along the ventral midline are crowned areoles with long (>100 µm) apical filaments (
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<figureCitation id="130179B6FF82FF93FCA0834F2B1F5539" box="[817,884,1841,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,398,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,375,1693]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B. Chordodes bipilus (V 13393). A. Cuticular structures showing crowned areole cluster, two types of simple areoles (sar 1 and sar 2), thorn (thar) and tubercle (tuar) areoles. Unlabelled circle shows branching of apical filaments in the crowned areoles. B. Magnification of crowned areole cluster, unlabelled circle see A. C – E. Chordodes caledoniensis (V 13394). C. Overview on the cuticle showing simple areoles and clusters of crowned areoles with crowned areoles (crar) and circumcluster areoles (ccar). D. Magnification of crowned areole cluster. Arrows show simple areoles with “ knobby ” surface. E. Crowned areoles with long apical filaments along both sides of the ventral midline (vml)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/345802/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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E).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32036B8FF82FF94FF56832B2CF6534C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B856533FF82FF94FF56832B2CF6534C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1517,2010]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">
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<emphasis id="B94EB921FF82FF93FF56832B2950551D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1877,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The described structure of the cuticle corresponds best to the description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A1EB0FF82FF93FAB3832B294455E2" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="caledoniensis">
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<emphasis id="B94EB921FF82FF93FAB3832B294455E2" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">Chordodes caledoniensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This species was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB18C2FF82FF93FD2183072B2E55E1" author="Villot" box="[688,837,1913,1938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" refString="Villot, A. (1874) Monographie des Dragonneaux (Genre Gordius, Dujardin), introduction + premiere partie. Taxonomie et histoire naturelle. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 3, 39 - 72." type="journal article" year="1874">Villot (1874)</bibRefCitation>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F32D25A3FF82FF93FC0383042C2E55E1" box="[914,1093,1913,1938]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="3" pageNumber="398">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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and reinvestigated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB18C2FF82FF93FAC28307288F55C5" author="Dorier" pageId="3" pageNumber="398" refString="Dorier, A. (1946) Revision de quelques especes de Gordiaces. Bulletin du Museum National de Histoire Naturelle, 18, 480 - 494." type="journal article" year="1946">Dorier (1946)</bibRefCitation>
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. Both Villot and Dorier included only drawings of the cuticle. Especially the larger, round areoles among the simple areoles and the broad, round shape of the circumcluster areoles correspond well between the drawings and the
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<collectingCountry id="F32D25A3FF85FF94FF5184E6292F52C3" box="[192,324,152,176]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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specimen. Additionally, crowned areoles have very short bristles in both specimens. Thorn areoles are not described from the
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<collectingCountry id="F32D25A3FF85FF94FE5D84C32A1052A6" box="[460,635,188,213]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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specimen, but as they are very rare in the
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<collectingCountry id="F32D25A3FF85FF94FBF484C32C8152A6" box="[1125,1258,189,213]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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specimen, they may have been overlooked. The fine “knobs” on the surface of the simple areoles is not described from the
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<collectingCountry id="F32D25A3FF85FF94FAF6849E2962536E" name="New Caledonia" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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specimen, but this may be due to not using SEM. Therefore, with minor differences that could be due to observation techniques, the
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<collectingCountry id="F32D25A3FF85FF94FE5E85562A385333" box="[463,595,296,320]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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specimen fits to the description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A1EB0FF85FF94FC4C85562CFE5333" box="[989,1173,296,320]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="399" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="caledoniensis">
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<emphasis id="B94EB921FF85FF94FC4C85562CFE5333" box="[989,1173,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="399">C. caledoniensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |