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<mods:title id="8CCB055378289B52C2EC0FB2B2B7AA9B">Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E454298E3A56B0F81CB2A1F9D9" ID-CoL="97ZP4" authority="(Moore, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,643,1570,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discisignata">
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A56B0F81CB2A1F9D9" bold="true" box="[151,643,1570,1597]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A56B0F81CB1EEF9D8" bold="true" box="[151,460,1570,1597]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Phlogophora discisignata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB649654298E3A57FCF81CB258F9D9" author="Moore, F." box="[475,634,1570,1596]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" pagination="612 - 686" refId="ref20904" refString="Moore, F. (1867) On the lepidopterous insects of Bengal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867, 612 - 686." type="journal article" year="1867">Moore, 1867</bibRefCitation>
)
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[
<figureCitation id="130105E254298E3A56B9F879B0D0F984" box="[158,242,1607,1633]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[190,1391,209,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11–18. Habitus images of Phlogophora spp. 11. Phlogophora albovittata (Moore, 1867); 12. Phlogophora pectinata (Warren, 1888); 13. Phlogophora subpurpurea Leech, 1900 (dorsal); 14. Phlogophora subpurpurea Leech, 1900 (ventral); 15. Phlogophora calamistrata (Moore, 1882); 16. Phlogophora plumbeola (Hampson, 1894); 17. Phlogophora striatovirens (Moore, 1867); 18. Phlogophora discisignata (Moore, 1867)*. *Image procured from Dr Péter Gyulai, Hungary, through personal correspondence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5756738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5756738/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130105E254298E3A56D9F879B165F984" box="[254,327,1606,1633]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–50" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,861,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-315@20.[205,1383,849,1861]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 47–50. Male genitalia images of Phlogophora spp. 47–48. Phlogophora striatovirens (Moore, 1867), West Bengal, Gen. prep. SN/GAR24_2/2/21.V.18/42; 49–50. Phlogophora discisignata (Moore, 1867), Mechi, Nepal, Gen. prep. GYP 3412*. * Image procured from Dr Péter Gyulai, Hungary, through personal correspondence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5756750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5756750/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">49, 50</figureCitation>
]
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E454298E3A56B0F8B5B1DCF946" authority="Moore, 1867" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,510,1675,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Euplexia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discisignata">
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A56B0F8B5B150F946" box="[151,370,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Euplexia discisignata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB649654298E3A575FF8B2B1DCF946" author="Moore, F." box="[376,510,1675,1699]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" pagination="612 - 686" refId="ref20904" refString="Moore, F. (1867) On the lepidopterous insects of Bengal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867, 612 - 686." type="journal article" year="1867">Moore, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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,
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A542FF8B2B28EF946" box="[520,684,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Proc. Zool. Soc.</emphasis>
: 57.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85196754298E3A56B0F894B34DF927" blockId="21.[151,1147,1675,1822]" box="[151,879,1706,1730]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E454298E3A56B0F894B1E2F924" authority="Moore" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,448,1706,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Euplexia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discisignata">
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A56B0F894B150F927" box="[151,370,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Euplexia discisignata</emphasis>
Moore
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB649654298E3A57EEF894B24EF927" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[457,620,1706,1730]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" refId="ref20221" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1894) Fauna of British India (Moths), Part II. Taylor and Francis, London, 528 pp." type="book" year="1894">Hampson, 1894</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A5451F895B303F927" box="[630,801,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Fauna Brit. Ind.,</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A550FF894B317F927" bold="true" box="[808,821,1706,1730]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">2</emphasis>
: 213.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3204AEC54298E3A56B0F8F6B3E2F8FB" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B85196754298E3A56B0F8F6B428F904" blockId="21.[151,1147,1675,1822]" box="[151,1034,1736,1761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E454298E3A56B0F8F6B1E2F905" authority="Moore" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,448,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Euplexia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discisignata">
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A56B0F8F6B150F905" box="[151,370,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Euplexia discisignata</emphasis>
Moore
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB649654298E3A57EEF8F7B24EF904" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[457,620,1737,1761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" refId="ref20294" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1908) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, Volume VII. Order of the Trustees, London, 709 + 28 pp." type="book" year="1908">Hampson, 1908</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A5451F8F7B392F905" box="[630,944,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus</emphasis>
.,
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A55E5F8F7B3EDF904" bold="true" box="[962,975,1737,1761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">7</emphasis>
: 232;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85196754298E3A56B0F8D9B459F91A" blockId="21.[151,1147,1675,1822]" box="[151,1147,1767,1791]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E454298E3A56B0F8D9B1DEF91A" authority="(Moore)" baseAuthorityName="Moore" box="[151,508,1767,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discisignata">
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A56B0F8D9B1BFF91A" box="[151,413,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Phlogophora discisignata</emphasis>
(Moore)
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB649654298E3A5421F8D9B31CF91A" author="Kononenko, V. S. &amp; Pinratana, B. A." box="[518,830,1767,1791]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" refId="ref20703" refString="Kononenko, V. S. &amp; Pinratana, B. A. (2013) Moths of Thailand. Part 2. Noctuoidea. An illustrated Catalogue of Erebidae, Nolidae, Euteliidae and Noctuidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) in Thailand. Vol. 3. Brothers of Saint Gabriel in Thailand, Bangkok, 625 pp." type="book" year="2013">Kononenko &amp; Pinratana, 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A556FF8D9B428F91A" box="[840,1034,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">
Moths of
<collectingCountry id="F32D59F754298E3A558FF8D9B424F91A" box="[936,1030,1767,1791]" name="Thailand" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A5237F8D9B43FF91A" bold="true" box="[1040,1053,1767,1791]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">3</emphasis>
(2): 328.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85196754298E3A56B0F938B3E2F8FB" blockId="21.[151,1147,1675,1822]" box="[151,960,1798,1822]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E454298E3A56B0F938B1DEF8FB" authority="(Moore)" baseAuthorityName="Moore" box="[151,508,1798,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discisignata">
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A56B0F938B1BFF8FB" box="[151,413,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Phlogophora discisignata</emphasis>
(Moore)
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB649654298E3A5421F938B2E7F8FB" author="Gyulai, P. &amp; Ronkay, L. &amp; Ronkay, G. &amp; Saldaitis, A." box="[518,709,1798,1822]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" pagination="589 - 596" refId="ref20011" refString="Gyulai, P., Ronkay, L., Ronkay, G. &amp; Saldaitis, A. (2015) Two new species of Phlogophora Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China and Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3949 (4), 589 - 596. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3949.4.9" type="journal article" year="2015">
Gyulai
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A5476F939B2A8F8FB" box="[593,650,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">et al.,</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A54F7F939B30BF8FB" box="[720,809,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Zootaxa,</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A5508F938B340F8FB" bold="true" box="[815,866,1798,1822]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">3949</emphasis>
(4): 589.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3204AEC54298E3956B0F972B409FEF8" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B85196754298E3A56B0F972B28EF883" blockId="21.[151,1437,1867,2039]" box="[151,684,1867,1895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">
<materialsCitation id="3B52133A54298E3A56B0F972B28AF883" box="[151,680,1867,1895]" country="India" location="Darjeeling" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Bengal" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A56B0F972B11BF883" bold="true" box="[151,313,1868,1894]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">
<typeStatus id="5481A7C554298E3A56B0F972B0F0F883" box="[151,210,1868,1894]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<location id="8EE54FBC54298E3A5767F972B194F883" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393A87154298E3856B0F81CB548FEF8:8EE54FBC54298E3A5767F972B194F883" box="[320,438,1868,1894]" country="India" name="Darjeeling" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" stateProvince="West Bengal">Darjeeling</location>
[
<collectingCountry id="F32D59F754298E3A57E3F972B221F883" box="[452,515,1868,1894]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FED78554298E3A5429F973B283F883" box="[526,673,1867,1895]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85196754298E3A56E0F94EB3DEF84A" blockId="21.[151,1437,1867,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">
<emphasis id="B94EC57554298E3A56E0F94EB198F86F" bold="true" box="[199,442,1904,1930]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B52133A54298E3A57E0F94EB3DAF84A" collectingDate="2017-10-09" collectorName="A. K. Sanyal" country="India" elevation="1714" latitude="30.13751" location="Chilamdhar" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="80.24781" municipality="Askot Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<collectingCountry id="F32D59F754298E3A57E0F94EB227F86F" box="[455,517,1904,1930]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">India</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D3CD2EE54298E3A5430F94EB265F86E" box="[535,583,1904,1931]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FED78554298E3A547BF94EB2CBF86F" box="[604,745,1904,1930]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
, Dist. Pithoragarh,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE1831D54298E3A55F2F94EB522F86F" box="[981,1280,1904,1930]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Askot Wildlife Sanctuary</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE54FBC54298E3A5335F94EB5BAF86F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393A87154298E3856B0F81CB548FEF8:8EE54FBC54298E3A5335F94EB5BAF86F" box="[1298,1432,1904,1930]" country="India" latitude="30.13751" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="80.24781" municipality="Askot Wildlife Sanctuary" name="Chilamdhar" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Chilamdhar</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA054298E3A56B0F9AAB10BF84A" box="[151,297,1940,1967]" degrees="30.13751" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" precision="1" value="30.13751">30.13751° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA054298E3A5712F9AAB1F3F84A" box="[309,465,1940,1967]" degrees="080.24781" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" precision="1" value="80.24781">080.24781° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC2B48254298E3A57FAF9AAB216F84A" box="[477,564,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.714" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" unit="m" value="1714.0">
<elevation id="0017FE5454298E3A57FAF9AAB216F84A" box="[477,564,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.714" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" unit="m" value="1714.0">1714 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF843FA754298E3A5467F9AAB2E5F84B" box="[576,711,1940,1967]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" value="2017-10-09">
<collectingDate id="EFC0C64F54298E3A5467F9AAB2E5F84B" box="[576,711,1940,1967]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" value="2017-10-09">09. X. 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
; coll.
<collectorName id="26CF7CB154298E3A552EF9AAB3B8F84B" box="[777,922,1940,1967]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">A. K. Sanyal</collectorName>
&amp; team
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85196754298E3A56E0F986B29DF812" blockId="21.[151,1437,1867,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">
<materialsCitation id="3B52133A54298E3A56E0F986B299F812" collectingDate="2019-11-23" collectorName="A. K. Sanyal" elevation="1879" latitude="27.37864" location="Yuksom" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.22087" municipality="Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<specimenCount id="9D3CD2EE54298E3A56E0F986B0D6F836" box="[199,244,1976,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FED78554298E3A5727F986B176F837" box="[256,340,1976,2002]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
, Dist. West
<collectingRegion id="49FED78554298E3A57FCF986B20DF837" box="[475,559,1976,2002]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE1831D54298E3A541DF986B3CAF836" box="[570,1000,1976,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE54FBC54298E3A55D5F986B473F837" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393A87154298E3856B0F81CB548FEF8:8EE54FBC54298E3A55D5F986B473F837" box="[1010,1105,1976,2002]" latitude="27.37864" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.22087" municipality="Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve" name="Yuksom" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" stateProvince="Sikkim">Yuksom</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA054298E3A527BF986B4CDF836" box="[1116,1263,1976,2003]" degrees="27.37864" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" precision="1" value="27.37864">27.37864° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA054298E3A52DDF986B5B5F836" box="[1274,1431,1976,2003]" degrees="088.22087" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" precision="1" value="88.22087">088.22087° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC2B48254298E3A56B0F9E2B0CCF812" box="[151,238,2012,2039]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.879" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" unit="m" value="1879.0">
<elevation id="0017FE5454298E3A56B0F9E2B0CCF812" box="[151,238,2012,2039]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.879" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" unit="m" value="1879.0">1879 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF843FA754298E3A56DDF9E2B1A9F813" box="[250,395,2012,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" value="2019-11-23">
<collectingDate id="EFC0C64F54298E3A56DDF9E2B1A9F813" box="[250,395,2012,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332" value="2019-11-23">23. XI. 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
; coll.
<collectorName id="26CF7CB154298E3A57EAF9E2B27FF813" box="[461,605,2012,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="332">A. K. Sanyal</collectorName>
&amp; team
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B851967542A8E3956E0FEA9B409FEF8" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">
<materialsCitation id="3B52133A542A8E3956E0FEA9B0F0FF30" collectingDate="2018-10-18" county="Dist. Darjeeling" elevation="1905" latitude="27.1141" location="Rimbik" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="88.1105" municipality="Singalila National Park" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="West Bengal">
<specimenCount id="9D3CD2EE542A8E3956E0FEA9B0D3FF54" box="[199,241,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FED785542A8E3956D8FEA9B1B2FF54" box="[255,400,151,177]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62E461EB542A8E3957BCFEA9B273FF54" box="[411,593,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">Dist. Darjeeling</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE1831D542A8E39547BFEA9B347FF54" box="[604,869,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">Singalila National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE54FBC542A8E395557FEA9B3E5FF54" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393A87154298E3856B0F81CB548FEF8:8EE54FBC542A8E395557FEA9B3E5FF54" box="[880,967,151,177]" county="Dist. Darjeeling" latitude="27.1141" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="88.1105" municipality="Singalila National Park" name="Rimbik" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" stateProvince="West Bengal">Rimbik</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542A8E3955F5FEA9B474FF54" box="[978,1110,151,177]" degrees="27.1141" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" precision="5" value="27.1141">27.1141° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542A8E395246FEA8B4CCFF54" box="[1121,1262,150,177]" degrees="088.1105" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" precision="5" value="88.1105">088.1105° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC2B482542A8E3952DCFEA8B570FF54" box="[1275,1362,150,177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="1905.0">
<elevation id="0017FE54542A8E3952DCFEA8B570FF54" box="[1275,1362,150,177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="1905.0">1905 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF843FA7542A8E395379FEA9B0F0FF30" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" value="2018-10-18">
<collectingDate id="EFC0C64F542A8E395379FEA9B0F0FF30" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" value="2018-10-18">18. X 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B52133A542A8E3956F9FE85B381FF30" box="[222,931,187,213]" collectingDate="2018-10-30" elevation="2168" latitude="27.1147" location="Manedara" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="88.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="West Bengal">
<specimenCount id="9D3CD2EE542A8E3956F9FE85B12BFF30" box="[222,265,187,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EE54FBC542A8E395732FE85B1AAFF30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393A87154298E3856B0F81CB548FEF8:8EE54FBC542A8E395732FE85B1AAFF30" box="[277,392,187,213]" latitude="27.1147" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="88.1" name="Manedara" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" stateProvince="West Bengal">Manedara</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542A8E3957B4FE85B234FF30" box="[403,534,187,213]" degrees="27.1147" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" precision="5" value="27.1147">27.1147° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542A8E395407FE85B28CFF30" box="[544,686,187,213]" degrees="088.1000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" precision="5" value="88.1">088.1000° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC2B482542A8E39549DFE85B333FF30" box="[698,785,187,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.168" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="2168.0">
<elevation id="0017FE54542A8E39549DFE85B333FF30" box="[698,785,187,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.168" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="2168.0">2168 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF843FA7542A8E39553BFE85B381FF30" box="[796,931,187,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" value="2018-10-30">
<collectingDate id="EFC0C64F542A8E39553BFE85B381FF30" box="[796,931,187,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" value="2018-10-30">30. X. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<specimenCount id="9D3CD2EE542A8E395589FE85B3FAFF30" box="[942,984,187,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF843FA7542A8E3955C1FE85B44EFF30" box="[998,1132,187,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" value="2018-10-31">31. X. 2018</date>
;
<specimenCount id="9D3CD2EE542A8E39525FFE85B486FF30" box="[1144,1188,187,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF843FA7542A8E395288FE85B51DFF30" box="[1199,1343,187,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" value="2018-11-04">04. XI. 2018</date>
; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team;
<materialsCitation id="3B52133A542A8E395754FEE1B4FAFF1C" box="[371,1240,223,249]" collectingDate="2018-11-03" elevation="1909" latitude="27.07071" location="Palamajua" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.09071" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="West Bengal">
<specimenCount id="9D3CD2EE542A8E395754FEE1B196FF1C" box="[371,436,223,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D3CD2EE542A8E3957E5FEE1B227FF1C" box="[450,517,223,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EE54FBC542A8E395435FEE1B2A8FF1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393A87154298E3856B0F81CB548FEF8:8EE54FBC542A8E395435FEE1B2A8FF1C" box="[530,650,223,249]" latitude="27.07071" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.09071" name="Palamajua" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" stateProvince="West Bengal">Palamajua</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542A8E3954B1FEE1B30BFF1C" box="[662,809,223,249]" degrees="27.07071" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" precision="1" value="27.07071">27.07071° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542A8E395512FEE1B3F1FF1C" box="[821,979,223,249]" degrees="088.09071" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" precision="1" value="88.09071">088.09071° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC2B482542A8E3955C7FEE1B41AFF1C" box="[992,1080,223,249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.909" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="1909.0">
<elevation id="0017FE54542A8E3955C7FEE1B41AFF1C" box="[992,1080,223,249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.909" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="1909.0">1909 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF843FA7542A8E395262FEE1B4FAFF1C" box="[1093,1240,223,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" value="2018-11-03">
<collectingDate id="EFC0C64F542A8E395262FEE1B4FAFF1C" box="[1093,1240,223,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" value="2018-11-03">03. XI. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B52133A542A8E3952C2FEE1B3EBFEF8" collectingDate="2018-11-06" collectorName="K. Bhattacharyya" elevation="2054" latitude="27.00525" location="Khopidara" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="88.1189" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="West Bengal">
<specimenCount id="9D3CD2EE542A8E3952C2FEE1B530FF1C" box="[1253,1298,223,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EE54FBC542A8E395338FEE1B5BAFF1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393A87154298E3856B0F81CB548FEF8:8EE54FBC542A8E395338FEE1B5BAFF1C" box="[1311,1432,223,249]" latitude="27.00525" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="88.1189" name="Khopidara" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" stateProvince="West Bengal">Khopidara</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542A8E3956B0FF3CB10BFEF8" box="[151,297,258,285]" degrees="27.00525" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" precision="1" value="27.00525">27.00525° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542A8E395712FF3DB1E0FEF8" box="[309,450,259,285]" degrees="088.1189" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" precision="5" value="88.1189">088.1189° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC2B482542A8E3957E9FF3CB207FEF8" box="[462,549,258,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.054" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="2054.0">
<elevation id="0017FE54542A8E3957E9FF3CB207FEF8" box="[462,549,258,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.054" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="2054.0">2054 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF843FA7542A8E395416FF3DB2E3FEF8" box="[561,705,259,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" value="2018-11-06">
<collectingDate id="EFC0C64F542A8E395416FF3DB2E3FEF8" box="[561,705,259,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" value="2018-11-06">06. XI. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; coll.
<collectorName id="26CF7CB1542A8E395522FF3DB3EBFEF8" box="[773,969,259,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">K. Bhattacharyya</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
&amp; team.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3204AEC542A8E3956E0FF18B27BFDD8" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B851967542A8E3956E0FF18B178FE10" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E3956E0FF18B166FEA5" bold="true" box="[199,324,294,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Wing expanse: Male:
<quantity id="4CC2B482542A8E395462FF19B2E0FEA4" box="[581,706,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="28.0">28–30 mm</quantity>
, female:
<quantity id="4CC2B482542A8E39550CFF19B38AFEA4" box="[811,936,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="31.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="30.0">30–32 mm</quantity>
. Forewing ground colour of male is whitish pale yellow which is often greenish in fresh specimens; for females the ground colour of forewing more suffused with darker brown. The basal and postmedial area of forewing paler with few blackish streaks; medial area having ashy-brown patch from costa to submedian fold the lower part of which is sap green; reniform white with few brown specks; inner side of orbicular and reniform black; the marginal area suffused with purplish-grey with a black submarginal line.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B851967542A8E3956E0FFC1B27BFDD8" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E3956E0FFC1B15EFDFD" bold="true" box="[199,380,510,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
Uncus narrow, hook-shaped, valva spindle shaped with presence of a slender less-sclerotised harpe; aedeagus vesica broad, spherical.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3204AEC542A8E3856E0FC78B548FEF8" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B851967542A8E3956E0FC78B0C2FD4C" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E3956E0FC78B194FD85" bold="true" box="[199,438,582,608]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="F32D59F7542A8E39574AFC78B193FD85" box="[365,433,582,608]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">India</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49FED785542A8E3957E7FC79B26FFD84" box="[448,589,583,609]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FED785542A8E39547CFC79B28DFD84" box="[603,687,583,609]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FED785542A8E39549BFC79B372FD84" box="[700,848,583,609]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FED785542A8E395579FC79B3EBFD84" box="[862,969,583,609]" country="India" name="Nagaland" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">Nagaland</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542A8E3955FDFC79B44EFD84" author="Moore, F." box="[986,1132,583,609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" pagination="612 - 686" refId="ref20904" refString="Moore, F. (1867) On the lepidopterous insects of Bengal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867, 612 - 686." type="journal article" year="1867">Moore 1867</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542A8E39525DFC79B50EFD84" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[1146,1324,583,609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" refId="ref20294" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1908) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, Volume VII. Order of the Trustees, London, 709 + 28 pp." type="book" year="1908">Hampson 1908</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E395365FC78B5BEFD85" bold="true" box="[1346,1436,582,608]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">Global:</emphasis>
Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542A8E39540FFC55B2F1FD60" author="Dudgeon, G. C. &amp; Elwes, H. J. &amp; Hampson, G. F." box="[552,723,618,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" pagination="275 - 293" refId="ref19875" refString="Dudgeon, G. C., Elwes, H. J. &amp; Hampson, G. F. (1905) A Catalogue of the Heterocera of Sikkim and Bhutan. Part XVII. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11, 275 - 293." type="journal article" year="1905">Dudgeon 1905</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542A8E3954F8FC55B3B9FD60" author="Yoshimoto, H." box="[735,923,619,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" pagination="95 - 139" refId="ref21754" refString="Yoshimoto, H. (1994) Noctuidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 3. Tinea, 14, pp. 95 - 139." type="journal article" year="1994">Yoshimoto 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542A8E395580FC55B521FD60" author="Kononenko, V. S. &amp; Pinratana, B. A." box="[935,1283,619,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" refId="ref20703" refString="Kononenko, V. S. &amp; Pinratana, B. A. (2013) Moths of Thailand. Part 2. Noctuoidea. An illustrated Catalogue of Erebidae, Nolidae, Euteliidae and Noctuidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) in Thailand. Vol. 3. Brothers of Saint Gabriel in Thailand, Bangkok, 625 pp." type="book" year="2013">Kononenko &amp; Pinratana, 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542A8E395328FC55B0F6FD4C" author="Gyulai, P. &amp; Ronkay, L. &amp; Ronkay, G. &amp; Saldaitis, A." pageId="22" pageNumber="333" pagination="589 - 596" refId="ref20011" refString="Gyulai, P., Ronkay, L., Ronkay, G. &amp; Saldaitis, A. (2015) Two new species of Phlogophora Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China and Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3949 (4), 589 - 596. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3949.4.9" type="journal article" year="2015">
Gyulai
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E395344FC55B5BFFD60" box="[1379,1437,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B851967542A8E3956E0FC8CB4B9FCDC" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E3956E0FC8CB16FFD29" bold="true" box="[199,333,690,716]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">Bionomics:</emphasis>
Distributed in Western to Central Himalaya and North-Eastern Hills, the species was found to be active within a narrow altitudinal range of
<quantity id="4CC2B482542A8E39545FFCE9B337FD14" box="[632,789,727,753]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="1900.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="1700.0">1700–2100 m</quantity>
, preferably in Wet Temperate and Mixed Coniferous Forest. Individuals were recorded only in the post-monsoon months of October–November within a narrow average trap night temperature range of 15–16 ºC and annual precipitation range of
<quantity id="4CC2B482542A8E3955C4FD21B4B5FCDC" box="[995,1175,799,825]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="2200.0" valueMax="2600.0" valueMin="1800.0">1800–2600 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B851967542A8E3956B0FD58B248FC2C" blockId="22.[151,1436,870,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E3956B0FD58B165FC64" bold="true" box="[151,327,870,897]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">DNA Barcode:</emphasis>
The generated 13 DNA barcodes can be accessed in NCBI with respective accession numbers, as novel submissions of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E3957AEFDB5B1DCFC40" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[393,510,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distorta">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E3957AEFDB5B1B8FC41" box="[393,410,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E395780FDB5B1DCFC40" box="[423,510,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">distorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E39542BFDB5B282FC40" box="[524,672,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albovittata">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E39542BFDB5B282FC40" box="[524,672,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. albovittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E39548AFDB5B374FC40" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[685,854,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calamistrata">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E39548AFDB5B374FC40" box="[685,854,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. calamistrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E395544FDB5B3E8FC40" authorityName="Hreblay &amp; Ronkay" authorityYear="1998" box="[867,970,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E395544FDB5B3E8FC40" box="[867,970,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E3955FFFDB5B4A7FC40" baseAuthorityName="Draudt" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[984,1157,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meticulodina">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E3955FFFDB5B4A7FC40" box="[984,1157,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. meticulodina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the database with first submission of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E39571CFD91B1C6FC2C" authorityName="Leech" authorityYear="1900" box="[315,484,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpurpurea">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E39571CFD91B1C6FC2C" box="[315,484,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. subpurpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32D59F7542A8E39540EFD91B244FC2C" box="[553,614,943,969]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4549EF542A8E3956B0F8BCB418F97F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5756754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5756754" box="[151,1082,1666,1690]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5756754/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" startId="22.[151,250,1666,1690]" targetBox="[371,1217,997,1634]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8B851967542A8E3956B0F8BCB418F97F" blockId="22.[151,1082,1666,1690]" box="[151,1082,1666,1690]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E3956B0F8BCB102F97F" bold="true" box="[151,288,1666,1690]" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">FIGURE 55.</emphasis>
Neighbour-joining (NJ) tree of the
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E3954AEF8BCB31DF97F" box="[649,831,1666,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E3954AEF8BCB32DF97F" box="[649,783,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">Phlogophora</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
with bootstrap supports.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B851967542A8E3856E0F8F6B548FEF8" blockId="22.[151,1436,1736,2015]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">
The overall mean distance in the final dataset comprising of the generated sequences aligned with all the available sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E395746F8D2B1D7F8E3" authorityName="Treitschke" authorityYear="1825" box="[353,501,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E395746F8D2B1D7F8E3" box="[353,501,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">Phlogophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(14 species) from global database was found to be 4.8% (
<figureCitation id="130105E2542A8E395255F8D2B4E7F8E2" box="[1138,1221,1772,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[371,1217,997,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-354@22.[365,1221,990,1640]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 55. Neighbour-joining (NJ) tree of the Phlogophora spp. with bootstrap supports." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5756754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5756754/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
). The mean withinspecies distance of the dataset was 0.6% with highest of 2.5% in
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E39554CF92FB43EF8CF" box="[875,1052,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E39554CF92FB43AF8CF" authorityName="Leech" authorityYear="1900" box="[875,1048,1808,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpurpurea">P. subpurpurea</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Whereas, the highest interspecific genetic distance was resulted between
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E39546FF90BB2D3F8AB" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[584,753,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calamistrata">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E39546FF90BB2D3F8AB" box="[584,753,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. calamistrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E395500F90BB399F8AB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[807,955,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meticulosa">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E395500F90BB399F8AB" box="[807,955,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. meticulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(11.8%). The sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E3952D4F90BB5BEF8AB" authorityName="Leech" authorityYear="1900" box="[1267,1436,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpurpurea">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E3952D4F90BB5BEF8AB" box="[1267,1436,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. subpurpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was represented by a single clade with 4.5–11.1% of interspecific divergence (lowest with
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E395294F967B56AF897" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[1203,1352,1880,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="periculosa">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E395294F967B56AF897" box="[1203,1352,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. periculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E39537EF967B5BEF897" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[1369,1436,1881,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iris">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E39537EF967B5BEF897" box="[1369,1436,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. iris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and highest with
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E39577FF943B220F873" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[344,514,1916,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calamistrata">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E39577FF943B220F873" box="[344,514,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. calamistrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E39543EF943B28CF873" box="[537,686,1916,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albovittata">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E39543EF943B28CF873" box="[537,686,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. albovittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E3954C1F943B3B2F873" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[742,912,1916,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calamistrata">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E3954C1F943B3B2F873" box="[742,912,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. calamistrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
formed two separate clades with 9.5% genetic divergence between them.
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E3957E1F99FB252F85F" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[454,624,1952,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calamistrata">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E3957E1F99FB252F85F" box="[454,624,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. calamistrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed high divergences with all the other species used in the analysis (9.5–11.8%).
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E395715F9FBB187F83B" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[306,421,1988,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distorta">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E395715F9FBB187F83B" box="[306,421,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. distorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
formed sister clades with
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542A8E3954F4F9FBB34BF83B" box="[723,873,1988,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albovittata">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542A8E3954F4F9FBB34BF83B" box="[723,873,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="333">P. albovittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with interspecific divergence of 5.4%. All the 14 species showed cohesive clustering as per the NJ Tree except the 4 sequences generated for
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542B8E38529FFEA9B56DFF54" box="[1208,1359,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albovittata">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542B8E38529FFEA9B56DFF54" box="[1208,1359,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="334">P. albovittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which clustered with the unpublished sequence of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542B8E3854AAFE85B365FF30" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[653,839,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigroplumbea">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542B8E3854AAFE85B365FF30" box="[653,839,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="334">P. nigroplumbea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taken from BOLD database. As the two species are very similar in their outer morphology and genitalia structure, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542B8E3855B4FEE1B46EFF1C" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[915,1100,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigroplumbea">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542B8E3855B4FEE1B46EFF1C" box="[915,1100,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="334">P. nigroplumbea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being typically distributed in
<collectingCountry id="F32D59F7542B8E3856B0FF3DB126FEF8" box="[151,260,259,285]" name="Indonesia" pageId="23" pageNumber="334">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F32D59F7542B8E38571DFF3DB19AFEF8" box="[314,440,259,285]" name="Philippines" pageId="23" pageNumber="334">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542B8E3857E0FF3DB258FEF8" author="Holloway, J. D." box="[455,634,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="334" refId="ref20485" refString="Holloway, J. D. (1989) The Moths of Borneo. Part 12. Noctuidae: Noctuinae, Heliothinae, Hadeninae, Arconictinae, Amphipyrinae, Agaristinae. Malayan Nature Journal. Southdene Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, 228 pp." type="book" year="1989">Holloway 1989</bibRefCitation>
), the identity of the BOLD sequence of the same remains doubtful.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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