treatments-xml/data/03/91/5A/03915A153A0EFF88FF0AEB18FCE2FD42.xml

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<mods:title id="8A0AF73B464B400A0EAC3ABD30E49970">A revison of the Lithocharis species of the Palaearctic, Oriental and Australian regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Medonina)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0EFF97FF0AEB18FBB1FBB7" blockId="14.[178,1031,1113,1136]" box="[178,1031,1113,1136]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
<heading id="D0CF5C6F3A0EFF97FF0AEB18FBB1FBB7" box="[178,1031,1113,1136]" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0EFF97FF0AEB18FD4AFBB7" ID-CoL="72L9P" authority="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD, 1868" authorityName="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD" authorityYear="1868" box="[178,764,1113,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythroptera">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0EFF97FF0AEB18FD0DFBB6" bold="true" box="[178,699,1113,1136]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0EFF97FF0AEB18FE04FBB7" bold="true" box="[178,434,1113,1135]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">Lithocharis erythroptera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A0EFF97FE01EB1BFDF7FBB6" author="GEMMINGER M &amp; DE HAROLD" box="[441,577,1114,1136]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" pagination="425 - 752" refId="ref28278" refString="GEMMINGER M. &amp; B. DE HAROLD (1868): Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. II. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae, Pselaphidae, Gnostidae, Paussidae, Scydmaenidae, Silphidae, Trichopterygidae, Scaphidiidae. - Monachii, E. H. Gummi: 425 - 752." type="book chapter" year="1868">GEMMINGER</bibRefCitation>
&amp; HAROLD
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0EFF97FD70EB1BFD4AFBB7" bold="true" box="[712,764,1114,1135]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">1868</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0EFF97FD44EB1BFBB1FBB7" bold="true" box="[764,1031,1113,1136]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
, revalidated (
<figureCitation id="1303F7863A0EFF97FC37EB18FBB6FBB7" box="[911,1024,1113,1135]" captionStart="Figs 34-41" captionStartId="16.[178,218,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[184,1090,222,1410]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[178,1091,212,1423]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 34-41: Lithocharis erythroptera GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD (34-35, 38, 40: lectotype of L. penicillata CAMERON): (34) male sternite VII; (35) postero-median portion of male sternite VII; (36) male sternite VIII; (37-40) aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view; (41) basal portion of dorsolateral apophysis in lateral view. Scale bars: 34, 36-41: 0.2 mm; 35: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184194/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">Figs 34-41</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322B8883A0EFF97FF0AEBC1FD1FFB11" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0EFF97FF0AEBC1FD60FB4E" blockId="14.[178,1086,1151,1524]" box="[178,726,1151,1174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB28CC2D3A0EFF97FF0AEBC1FD60FB4E" box="[178,726,1151,1174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
<treatmentCitation id="0A99CD123A0EFF97FF0AEBC1FDF6FB4D" author="KRAATZ G" box="[178,576,1151,1173]" page="138" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" year="1859">
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0EFF97FF0AEBC1FDF6FB4D" ID-CoL="8XXDR" authority="KRAATZ, 1859: 138" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityPageNumber="138" authorityYear="1859" box="[178,576,1151,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0EFF97FF0AEBC1FE30FB4D" box="[178,390,1152,1173]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">Lithocharis fuscipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A0EFF97FE34EBC1FDF6FB4D" author="KRAATZ G" box="[396,576,1151,1173]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref28526" refString="KRAATZ G. (1859): Die Staphylinen-Fauna von Ostindien, insbesondere der Insel Ceylan. - Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 25: 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1859">
KRAATZ, 1859: 
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f.; preoccupied.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0EFF97FF0AEBDBFC2FFB77" blockId="14.[178,1086,1151,1524]" box="[178,921,1178,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB28CC2D3A0EFF97FF0AEBDBFC2FFB77" box="[178,921,1178,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
<treatmentCitation id="0A99CD123A0EFF97FF0AEBDBFD55FB68" author="GEMMINGER M &amp; DE HAROLD" box="[178,739,1178,1200]" page="621" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" year="1868">
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0EFF97FF0AEBDBFD55FB68" ID-CoL="72L9P" authority="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD, 1868: 621" authorityName="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD" authorityPageNumber="621" authorityYear="1868" box="[178,739,1178,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythroptera">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0EFF97FF0AEBDBFE25FB77" box="[178,403,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">Lithocharis erythroptera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A0EFF97FE21EBDBFD55FB68" author="GEMMINGER M &amp; DE HAROLD" box="[409,739,1178,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" pagination="425 - 752" refId="ref28278" refString="GEMMINGER M. &amp; B. DE HAROLD (1868): Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. II. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae, Pselaphidae, Gnostidae, Paussidae, Scydmaenidae, Silphidae, Trichopterygidae, Scaphidiidae. - Monachii, E. H. Gummi: 425 - 752." type="book chapter" year="1868">GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD, 1868: 621</bibRefCitation>
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; replacement name.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0EFF97FF0AEBF5FD1FFB11" blockId="14.[178,1086,1151,1524]" box="[178,681,1204,1225]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB28CC2D3A0EFF97FF0AEBF5FD1FFB11" box="[178,681,1204,1225]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
<treatmentCitation id="0A99CD123A0EFF97FF0AEBF5FDE6FB11" author="CAMERON M" box="[178,592,1204,1225]" page="244" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" year="1928">
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0EFF97FF0AEBF5FDE6FB11" ID-CoL="3VKD5" authority="CAMERON, 1928: 244" authorityName="Cameron" authorityPageNumber="244" authorityYear="1928" box="[178,592,1204,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penicillata">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0EFF97FF0AEBF5FE37FB11" box="[178,385,1204,1225]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">Lithocharis penicillata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A0EFF97FE3FEBF5FDE6FB11" author="CAMERON M" box="[391,592,1204,1225]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" pagination="244 - 247" refId="ref27756" refString="CAMERON M. (1928): On the Oriental species of the Lithocharis ochracea group of Staphylinidae (Col.). - The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 64: 244 - 247." type="journal article" year="1928">CAMERON, 1928: 244</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0EFF97FDE1EBF5FD1FFB11" bold="true" box="[601,681,1204,1225]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">nov.syn.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322B8883A0EFF97FF0AEB8CFC54FA2C" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0EFF97FF0AEB8CFB94FAE6" blockId="14.[178,1086,1151,1524]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
Type material examined 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0EFF97FDF3EB8FFD7FFB3A" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1859" box="[587,713,1229,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0EFF97FDF3EB8FFD7FFB3A" box="[587,713,1229,1251]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">L. fuscipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0EFF97FD6EEB8CFD68FAFF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307490" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="548355A13A0EFF97FD6EEB8CFC87FB3A" box="[726,817,1229,1250]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
♂, present designation: &quot;92 / 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0EFF97FF0AEBA5FF42FB22" box="[178,244,1252,1274]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
/ Lithochar. fuscipennis / Coll. Kraatz / Syntypus / coll. DEI Eberswalde / DEI Müncheberg Col - 04261 / Lectotypus ♂ 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0EFF97FE7EEBBBFD54FAC8" authority="Kraatz" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1859" box="[454,738,1274,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0EFF97FE7EEBBBFD2BFAD7" box="[454,669,1274,1295]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">Lithocharis fuscipennis</emphasis>
Kraatz
</taxonomicName>
desig. V. Assing 2014 / 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0EFF97FC6DEBBBFE7CFAFF" authority="Gemm. &amp; Harold" authorityName="Gemm. &amp; Harold" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythroptera">Lithocharis erythroptera Gemm. &amp; Harold</taxonomicName>
, det. V. Assing 2014&quot; (SDEI)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0EFF97FD5FEA50FB94FAE6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307318" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<typeStatus id="548355A13A0EFF97FD5FEA50FCDDFAFF" box="[743,875,1297,1319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
: 2♂♂, 
<specimenCount id="9D3E208A3A0EFF97FC0DEA50FC50FAF3" box="[949,998,1297,1323]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" type="female">6♀♀</specimenCount>
: &quot; 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0EFF97FC42EA50FB8BFAFF" box="[1018,1085,1297,1319]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
/ Syntypus / Coll. Kraatz / coll. DEI Eberswalde / DEI Müncheberg Col - 04262-04269&quot; (SDEI).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0EFF97FF0AEA7EFC54FA2C" blockId="14.[178,1086,1151,1524]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0EFF97FF0AEA7EFE99FA8B" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1928" box="[178,303,1342,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penicillata">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0EFF97FF0AEA7EFE99FA8B" box="[178,303,1342,1364]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">L. penicillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0EFF97FE86EA7EFEBEFA41" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307410" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="548355A13A0EFF97FE86EA7EFE2FFA8C" box="[318,409,1343,1364]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
♂, present designation: &quot;Keppel Harb, 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0EFF97FCA1EA7FFCC3FA8C" box="[793,885,1342,1364]" name="Singapore" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">Singapore</collectingCountry>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0EFF97FC35EA7EFB8BFA8C" authority="Cam" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1928" box="[909,1085,1342,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penicillata">L. penicillata Cam</taxonomicName>
Type / Type / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147. / Lectotypus ♂ 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0EFF97FCD1EA14FEB3FA59" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penicillata">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0EFF97FCD1EA14FB8BFAB2" box="[873,1085,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">Lithocharis penicillata</emphasis>
Cameron
</taxonomicName>
desig. V. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A0EFF97FEDDEA2DFE61FA5A" author="ASSING V" box="[357,471,1388,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" pagination="191 - 206" refId="ref27538" refString="ASSING V. (2015): Two new genera of Medonina from China and Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae). - Linzer Biologische Beitrage 47 (1): 191 - 206." type="journal article" year="2015">Assing 2015</bibRefCitation>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0EFF97FE53EA2DFCC4FA5A" authority="Gemm. &amp; Harold" authorityName="Gemm. &amp; Harold" box="[491,882,1388,1410]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythroptera">Lithocharis erythroptera Gemm. &amp; Harold</taxonomicName>
, det. V. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A0EFF97FC79EA2DFB83FA5A" author="ASSING V" box="[961,1077,1388,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" pagination="191 - 206" refId="ref27538" refString="ASSING V. (2015): Two new genera of Medonina from China and Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae). - Linzer Biologische Beitrage 47 (1): 191 - 206." type="journal article" year="2015">Assing 2015</bibRefCitation>
&quot; (BMNH)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0EFF97FEABEAC2FE88FA77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307444" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<typeStatus id="548355A13A0EFF97FEABEAC2FE21FA41" box="[275,407,1411,1433]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
: 1♂: &quot;Dung / 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0EFF97FD9CEAC2FD36FA41" box="[548,640,1411,1433]" name="Singapore" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">Singapore</collectingCountry>
/ Syntype / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955- 147&quot; (BMNH)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0EFF97FEF4EAD8FDC0FA1E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307356" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
1♂, 
<specimenCount id="9D3E208A3A0EFF97FEC3EAD8FE2FFA6C" box="[379,409,1433,1460]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
: &quot;Dehra Dun, Dr. Cameron. 
<date id="FF86CDC33A0EFF97FD00EAD8FC92FA76" box="[696,804,1433,1454]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" value="1921-10-22">22-10-1921</date>
. / penicillata / Syntype / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147.&quot; (BMNH)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0EFF97FD3EEAF1FD6BFA05" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307446" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">1♂: &quot;Raub, Pahang, F.M.S., Dr. Cameron. / Syntype / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147.&quot; (BMNH)</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0EFF97FD5FEA86FC54FA2C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307459" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
1♂: &quot;Sheung Shui, S. 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0EFF97FC12EA86FC52FA05" box="[938,996,1479,1501]" name="China" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">China</collectingCountry>
[today in Hong Kong], Dr. Cameron / Syntype / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147.&quot; (BMNH).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322B8883A0EFF96FF0AE943FF40FCC8" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1148" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0EFF96FF0AE943FE7FFED6" blockId="14.[178,1085,1537,1589]" lastBlockId="15.[178,1085,219,270]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1148" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">
Comment: The original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0EFF97FD3CE943FCA0F9CF" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1859" box="[644,790,1538,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0EFF97FD3CE943FCA0F9CF" box="[644,790,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">L. fuscipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is based on an unspecified number of 
<typeStatus id="548355A13A0EFF97FE9FE95EFE36F9EC" box="[295,384,1567,1588]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
from &quot;insula 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0EFF97FDADE95EFDE9F9ED" box="[533,607,1567,1589]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147">Ceylan</collectingCountry>
&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A0EFF97FDC0E95EFCB8F9ED" author="KRAATZ G" box="[632,782,1567,1589]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref28526" refString="KRAATZ G. (1859): Die Staphylinen-Fauna von Ostindien, insbesondere der Insel Ceylan. - Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 25: 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1859">KRAATZ 1859</bibRefCitation>
). Nine 
<typeStatus id="548355A13A0EFF97FCE5E95EFC0EF9EC" box="[861,952,1567,1588]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D3E208A3A0EFF97FC7EE95EFB8BF9ED" box="[966,1085,1567,1589]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1147" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D3E208A3A0FFF96FF67EF9AFEE0FF29" box="[223,342,219,241]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="female">six females</specimenCount>
, were located in the Kraatz collection at the SDEI. One of the males is designated as the 
<typeStatus id="548355A13A0FFF96FEDDEFB9FE73FED6" box="[357,453,248,270]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0FFF96FF0AEE5CFDCFFD80" blockId="15.[178,1086,285,600]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FF0AEE5CFDFAFEEB" authority="KRAATZ, 1859" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1859" box="[178,588,285,307]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FF0AEE5CFE13FEEA" box="[178,421,285,306]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Lithocharis fuscipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A0FFF96FE0AEE5FFDFAFEEB" author="KRAATZ G" box="[434,588,285,307]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref28526" refString="KRAATZ G. (1859): Die Staphylinen-Fauna von Ostindien, insbesondere der Insel Ceylan. - Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 25: 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1859">KRAATZ, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior primary homonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FC70EE5CFDA9FE88" authority="MOTSCHULSKY, 1858" authorityName="MOTSCHULSKY" authorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FC70EE5CFE92FE88" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Lithocharis fuscipennis</emphasis>
MOTSCHULSKY, 1858
</taxonomicName>
, which again is a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FC42EE7AFD9BFEB6" authority="(FABRICIUS, 1792)" baseAuthorityName="FABRICIUS" baseAuthorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Sunius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FC42EE7AFEE0FEB5" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Sunius melanocephalus</emphasis>
(FABRICIUS, 1792)
</taxonomicName>
, and was replaced with the nomen novum 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FB90EE18FE84FE52" authority="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD, 1868" authorityName="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythroptera">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FB90EE18FE84FE52" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">L. erythroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A0FFF96FED9EE34FD19FE53" author="GEMMINGER M &amp; DE HAROLD" box="[353,687,373,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" pagination="425 - 752" refId="ref28278" refString="GEMMINGER M. &amp; B. DE HAROLD (1868): Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. II. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae, Pselaphidae, Gnostidae, Paussidae, Scydmaenidae, Silphidae, Trichopterygidae, Scaphidiidae. - Monachii, E. H. Gummi: 425 - 752." type="book chapter" year="1868">GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD (1868)</bibRefCitation>
. Interestingly enough, BERNHAUER &amp; SCHUBERT (1912) cited 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FE13EED2FDF1FE7F" authority="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD, 1868" authorityName="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD" authorityYear="1868" box="[427,583,402,424]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythroptera">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FE13EED2FDF1FE7F" box="[427,583,402,424]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">L. erythroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FCBAEED2FCFFFE7F" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1859" box="[770,841,402,424]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vilis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FCBAEED2FCFFFE7F" box="[770,841,402,424]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">L. vilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FCC6EED2FBBBFE7F" authorityName="MOTSCHULSKY" authorityYear="1858" box="[894,1037,402,424]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FCC6EED2FBBBFE7F" box="[894,1037,402,424]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">L. fuscipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid species. So did 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A0FFF96FE34EEF1FDF6FE1E" author="CAMERON M" box="[396,576,432,454]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" refId="ref27790" refString="CAMERON M. (1931): The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera. Staphylinidae. Volume 2. - London, Taylor and Francis: viii + 257 pp." type="book" year="1931">CAMERON (1931)</bibRefCitation>
, who, however, misinterpreted the species, as can be inferred from the illustration of the male secondary sexual characters. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FC70EE8CFE92FE27" authorityName="MOTSCHULSKY" authorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FC70EE8CFE92FE27" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Lithocharis fuscipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was eventually synonymized with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FD1DEEAAFD46FE27" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1859" box="[677,752,490,512]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vilis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FD1DEEAAFD46FE27" box="[677,752,490,512]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">L. vilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A0FFF96FC9AEEAAFBB9FDD8" author="BLACKWELDER R" box="[802,1039,490,512]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" refId="ref27692" refString="BLACKWELDER R. E. (1973): Checklist of the Staphylinidae of Canada, United States, Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. Family no. 15 (yellow version). - North American Beetle Fauna Project; Biological Research Institute of America, Inc., Siena College, Loudonville, New York: 165 pp." type="book" year="1973">BLACKWELDER (1973)</bibRefCitation>
. An examination of the 
<typeStatus id="548355A13A0FFF96FEC4ED49FE1EFDC5" box="[380,424,520,541]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FD91ED49FCA2FDC5" authority="KRAATZ" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1859" box="[553,788,520,541]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FD91ED49FD0EFDC5" box="[553,696,520,541]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">L. fuscipennis</emphasis>
KRAATZ
</taxonomicName>
revealed, however, that it is not conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FE2AED64FE6DFDE2" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1859" box="[402,475,549,570]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vilis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FE2AED64FE6DFDE2" box="[402,475,549,570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">L. vilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but represents a distinct species. Hence, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FC26ED64FE52FD80" authority="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD, 1868" authorityName="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythroptera">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FC26ED64FB8BFDE2" box="[926,1085,549,570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">L. erythroptera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A0FFF96FF0AED03FE52FD80" author="GEMMINGER M &amp; DE HAROLD" box="[178,484,578,600]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" pagination="425 - 752" refId="ref28278" refString="GEMMINGER M. &amp; B. DE HAROLD (1868): Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. II. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae, Pselaphidae, Gnostidae, Paussidae, Scydmaenidae, Silphidae, Trichopterygidae, Scaphidiidae. - Monachii, E. H. Gummi: 425 - 752." type="book chapter" year="1868">GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is revalidated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0FFF96FF0AED26FF40FCC8" blockId="15.[178,1086,615,955]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">
The original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FE75ED29FDE3FDA4" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1928" box="[461,597,615,637]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penicillata">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FE75ED29FDE3FDA4" box="[461,597,615,637]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">L. penicillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is based on an unspecified number of 
<typeStatus id="548355A13A0FFF96FC5CED29FB8BFDA5" box="[996,1085,616,637]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
from &quot; 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0FFF96FF40EDC4FE87FD43" box="[248,305,645,667]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">India</collectingCountry>
: Dehra Dun. Malay Peninsula: Phang, Sinagpore. South 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0FFF96FC19EDC4FC57FD43" box="[929,993,645,667]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">China</collectingCountry>
: Sheung Shui&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A0FFF96FF46EDE3FE11FD60" author="CAMERON M" box="[254,423,674,696]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" pagination="244 - 247" refId="ref27756" refString="CAMERON M. (1928): On the Oriental species of the Lithocharis ochracea group of Staphylinidae (Col.). - The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 64: 244 - 247." type="journal article" year="1928">CAMERON 1928</bibRefCitation>
). Six 
<typeStatus id="548355A13A0FFF96FE53EDE3FDF2FD6F" box="[491,580,674,695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
were located in the Cameron collection at the BMNH. The male labelled by Cameron as the type is designated as the 
<typeStatus id="548355A13A0FFF96FC35EDFEFC5BFD0D" box="[909,1005,703,725]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. All the type specimens are conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FDFCED9CFD53FD29" authority="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD, 1868" authorityName="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD" authorityYear="1868" box="[580,741,732,754]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythroptera">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FDFCED9CFD53FD29" box="[580,741,732,754]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">L. erythroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, hence the synonymy proposed above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322B8883A0FFF96FF0AEC5BFE81FC63" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0FFF96FF0AEC5BFE81FC63" blockId="15.[178,1086,615,955]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">
Additional material examined: 
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0FFF96FD0DEC5BFB8FFC9F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307412" collectedFrom="in elephant dung" collectingDate="1992-12-21" collectionCode="MHNG, cAss" collectorName="Cuccodoro" country="India" elevation="1000" latitude="11.7" location="Bandipur National Park" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="76.566666" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" specimenCount="7" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0FFF96FD0DEC5BFD57FCE8" box="[693,737,794,816]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">India</collectingCountry>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D3E208A3A0FFF96FD48EC5AFD4DFCE8" box="[752,763,795,816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">7</specimenCount>
exs., 
<collectingRegion id="49FC25E13A0FFF96FC8BEC5BFC39FCE8" box="[819,911,794,816]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EE7BDD83A0FFF96FC22EC5BFEB1FC9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03915A153A0EFF88FF0AEB18FCE2FD42:8EE7BDD83A0FFF96FC22EC5BFEB1FC9F" country="India" latitude="11.7" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="76.566666" name="Bandipur National Park" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" stateProvince="Karnataka">Bandipur National Park</location>
[ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0C8DC43A0FFF96FE8AEC70FECAFC9E" box="[306,380,817,838]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" precision="925" value="11.7">11°42'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0C8DC43A0FFF96FE3DEC70FE78FC9F" box="[389,462,817,839]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" precision="925" value="76.566666">76°34'E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<quantity id="4CC046E63A0FFF96FE64EC70FD97FC9F" box="[476,545,817,839]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation id="00150C303A0FFF96FE64EC70FD97FC9F" box="[476,545,817,839]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, in elephant dung, 
<date id="FF86CDC33A0FFF96FD7EEC70FCAAFC9E" box="[710,796,817,838]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" value="1992-12-21">
<collectingDate id="EFC2342B3A0FFF96FD7EEC70FCAAFC9E" box="[710,796,817,838]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" value="1992-12-21">21.XII.92</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="26CD8ED53A0FFF96FCF3EC70FC1DFC9F" box="[843,939,817,839]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Cuccodoro</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2973C63A0FFF96FC0EEC70FC4BFC9E" box="[950,1021,817,838]" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2973C63A0FFF96FBBEEC70FB82FC9F" box="[1030,1076,817,839]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">cAss</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0FFF96FF67EC08FDC8FC87" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307460" box="[223,638,840,863]" collectingDate="1980-09-22" collectingDateMax="1992-11" collectingDateMin="1980-09-22" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Champion" country="China" location="Bengal. Sarda" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
<specimenCount id="9D3E208A3A0FFF96FF67EC08FF4BFC86" box="[223,253,841,862]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, &quot; 
<location id="8EE7BDD83A0FFF96FEA8EC09FE39FC86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03915A153A0EFF88FF0AEB18FCE2FD42:8EE7BDD83A0FFF96FEA8EC09FE39FC86" box="[272,399,840,862]" country="China" name="Bengal. Sarda" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" stateProvince="Guizhou">Bengal. Sarda</location>
&quot;, leg. 
<collectorName id="26CD8ED53A0FFF96FE7EEC09FD97FC86" box="[454,545,840,862]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Champion</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2973C63A0FFF96FD95EC08FDC2FC87" box="[557,628,841,863]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0FFF96FD3BEC09FE1EFCAE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307324" collectingDate="1980-09-22" collectingDateMax="1992-11" collectingDateMin="1980-09-22" collectionCode="cAss" collectorName="Hammond" country="China" location="Guizhou" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0FFF96FD3BEC09FD01FC86" box="[643,695,840,862]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">China</collectingCountry>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D3E208A3A0FFF96FD7AEC08FD56FC86" box="[706,736,841,862]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49FC25E13A0FFF96FD53EC09FC8EFC86" box="[747,824,840,862]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A35F2213A0FFF96FCF9EC08FC7AFC86" box="[833,972,840,862]" location="Guilin" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">
<quantity id="4CC046E63A0FFF96FCF9EC08FCCCFC86" box="[833,890,840,862]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
S Guilin
</locationDeviation>
, 
<date id="FF86CDC33A0FFF96FC6DEC08FB8CFC86" box="[981,1082,841,862]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" value="1980-09-22">
<collectingDate id="EFC2342B3A0FFF96FC6DEC08FB8CFC86" box="[981,1082,841,862]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" value="1980-09-22">22.IX.1980</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="26CD8ED53A0FFF96FEBDEC21FED4FCAE" box="[261,354,864,886]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Hammond</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2973C63A0FFF96FED7EC21FE2BFCAE" box="[367,413,864,886]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">cAss</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0FFF96FE14EC21FBBEFCAE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307403" box="[428,1032,863,886]" collectingDate="1980-09-22" collectingDateMax="1992-11" collectingDateMin="1980-09-22" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Sauter" country="Taiwan" location="Dalin" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chiayi Hsien">
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0FFF96FE14EC21FE5BFCAE" box="[428,493,864,886]" name="Taiwan" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D3E208A3A0FFF96FE42EC21FDAEFCAD" box="[506,536,864,885]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49FC25E13A0FFF96FD9BEC21FD2EFCAE" box="[547,664,864,886]" country="Taiwan" name="Chiayi" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Chiayi Hsien</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EE7BDD83A0FFF96FD19EC21FD64FCAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03915A153A0EFF88FF0AEB18FCE2FD42:8EE7BDD83A0FFF96FD19EC21FD64FCAE" box="[673,722,864,886]" country="Taiwan" name="Dalin" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" stateProvince="Chiayi Hsien">Dalin</location>
[&quot;Taihorin&quot;], leg. 
<collectorName id="26CD8ED53A0FFF96FCCBEC21FC1DFCAD" box="[883,939,864,885]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Sauter</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2973C63A0FFF96FC0FEC21FC48FCAE" box="[951,1022,864,886]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0FFF96FBB4EC21FDE0FC55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307480" collectingDate="1980-09-22" collectingDateMax="1992-11" collectingDateMin="1980-09-22" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Walker" country="Hong Kong" location="Hong Kong" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0FFF96FBB4EC21FEA6FC54" name="Hong Kong" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D3E208A3A0FFF96FE98EC36FE88FC54" box="[288,318,887,908]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D3E208A3A0FFF96FEF4EC36FEE1FC54" box="[332,343,887,908]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">1</specimenCount>
ex., leg. 
<collectorName id="26CD8ED53A0FFF96FE0CEC36FE43FC55" box="[436,501,887,909]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Walker</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2973C63A0FFF96FDBDEC36FDFAFC55" box="[517,588,887,909]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0FFF96FDE6EC36FD5EFC7C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307313" collectingDate="1992-11" collectingDateMax="1992-11" collectingDateMin="1980-09-22" collectionCode="cSch, cAss" collectorName="Somsy" country="Laos" location="Mekong river" municipality="Luang Prabang" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Vientiane">
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0FFF96FDE6EC36FD3EFC54" box="[606,648,887,908]" name="Laos" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Laos</collectingCountry>
: 
<quantity id="4CC046E63A0FFF96FD20EC36FCA9FC55" box="[664,799,887,909]" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3324" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" unit="km" value="233240.0">
<specimenCount id="9D3E208A3A0FFF96FD20EC36FD7EFC54" box="[664,712,887,908]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A35F2213A0FFF96FD6FEC36FCA9FC55" box="[727,799,887,909]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">
<quantity id="4CC046E63A0FFF96FD6FEC36FCA9FC55" box="[727,799,887,909]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" unit="km" value="240.0">240 km</quantity>
</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
N 
<collectingRegion id="49FC25E13A0FFF96FCFAEC36FC2FFC55" box="[834,921,887,909]" country="Laos" name="Viangchan" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Vientiane</collectingRegion>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A35F2213A0FFF96FC1DEC36FC4DFC54" box="[933,1019,887,909]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">
<quantity id="4CC046E63A0FFF96FC1DEC36FC54FC55" box="[933,994,887,909]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
N
</locationDeviation>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE371793A0FFF96FBBDEC36FE9FFC7C" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Luang Prabang</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EE7BDD83A0FFF96FE8AECCFFE1BFC7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03915A153A0EFF88FF0AEB18FCE2FD42:8EE7BDD83A0FFF96FE8AECCFFE1BFC7C" box="[306,429,910,932]" country="Laos" municipality="Luang Prabang" name="Mekong river" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" stateProvince="Vientiane">Mekong river</location>
, 
<date id="FF86CDC33A0FFF96FE0EECCFFDB6FC7B" box="[438,512,910,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" value="1992-11">
<collectingDate id="EFC2342B3A0FFF96FE0EECCFFDB6FC7B" box="[438,512,910,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" value="1992-11">XI.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="26CD8ED53A0FFF96FD88ECCFFDDAFC7B" box="[560,620,910,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Somsy</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2973C63A0FFF96FDC0ECCFFD13FC7C" box="[632,677,910,932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">cSch</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2973C63A0FFF96FD08ECCFFD68FC7C" box="[688,734,910,932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">cAss</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B50E15E3A0FFF96FD55ECCFFE85FC63" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805307466" collectingDate="1980-09-22" collectingDateMax="1992-11" collectingDateMin="1980-09-22" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Malaysia" location="Sarawak" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Borneo">
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A0FFF96FD55ECCFFC8AFC7C" box="[749,828,910,932]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D3E208A3A0FFF96FCF0ECCFFCD0FC7B" box="[840,870,910,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49FC25E13A0FFF96FCC9ECCEFC02FC7C" box="[881,948,911,932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Borneo</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EE7BDD83A0FFF96FC05ECCFFBBCFC7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03915A153A0EFF88FF0AEB18FCE2FD42:8EE7BDD83A0FFF96FC05ECCFFBBCFC7C" box="[957,1034,910,932]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" stateProvince="Borneo">Sarawak</location>
, 
<location id="8EE7BDD83A0FFF96FBACECCEFB8BFC7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03915A153A0EFF88FF0AEB18FCE2FD42:8EE7BDD83A0FFF96FBACECCEFB8BFC7C" box="[1044,1085,911,932]" country="Malaysia" name="Pusa" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" stateProvince="Borneo">Pusa</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2973C63A0FFF96FF5DECE4FE9AFC63" box="[229,300,933,955]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322B8883A0FFF88FF0AEC88FEB5FE91" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="1150" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0FFF96FF0AEC88FCFEFC07" blockId="15.[178,840,969,991]" box="[178,840,969,991]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">
Redescription: In size and coloration similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A0FFF96FD45EC8BFCF4FC06" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1859" box="[765,834,969,991]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vilis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A0FFF96FD45EC8BFCF4FC06" box="[765,834,969,991]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">L. vilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0FFF96FF0AECAEFDC9FB85" blockId="15.[178,1085,1007,1117]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">
Head approximately as long as broad, lateral margins slightly converging posteriorly; punctation extremely fine and dense; interstices with microsculpture. Eyes large, approximately twice as long as postocular portion in dorsal view. Antennae 
<quantity id="4CC046E63A0FFF96FC7FEB68FB8BFBE7" box="[967,1085,1065,1087]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5-1.6 mm</quantity>
long; preapical antennomeres weakly oblong.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0FFF96FF0AEB2DFD71FB64" blockId="15.[178,1085,1132,1212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Pronotum approximately as wide as long and about 1.05 times as broad as head; posterior angles rounded, weakly marked; punctation very dense and fine; midline with narrow impunctate band; interstices without microsculpture.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0FFF96FF0AEB8DFEC0FAE1" blockId="15.[178,1085,1228,1337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Elytra approximately 1.05 times as long as pronotum; punctation very dense and fine; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings fully developed. Protarsomeres I-IV weakly dilated in both sexes. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II and III.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0FFF96FF0AEA08FC7FFAA4" blockId="15.[178,1085,1353,1404]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Abdomen narrower than elytra; punctation extremely fine and dense; interstices with distinct microreticulation; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A0FFF88FF0AEACDFEB5FE91" blockId="15.[178,1085,1419,1588]" lastBlockId="17.[178,1086,219,329]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="1150" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">
♂: sternite VII (
<figureCitation id="1303F7863A0FFF96FEE4EACAFE7BFA79" box="[348,461,1419,1441]" captionStart="Figs 34-41" captionStartId="16.[178,218,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[184,1090,222,1410]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[178,1091,212,1423]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 34-41: Lithocharis erythroptera GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD (34-35, 38, 40: lectotype of L. penicillata CAMERON): (34) male sternite VII; (35) postero-median portion of male sternite VII; (36) male sternite VIII; (37-40) aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view; (41) basal portion of dorsolateral apophysis in lateral view. Scale bars: 34, 36-41: 0.2 mm; 35: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184194/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Figs 34-35</figureCitation>
) strongly transverse, posterior margin weakly convex in the middle and with a weakly bisinuate comb of approximately 20 moderately long palisade setae, on either side of this comb without long setae; sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="1303F7863A0FFF96FCCCEA87FC76FA04" box="[884,960,1478,1500]" captionStart="Figs 34-41" captionStartId="16.[178,218,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[184,1090,222,1410]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[178,1091,212,1423]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 34-41: Lithocharis erythroptera GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD (34-35, 38, 40: lectotype of L. penicillata CAMERON): (34) male sternite VII; (35) postero-median portion of male sternite VII; (36) male sternite VIII; (37-40) aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view; (41) basal portion of dorsolateral apophysis in lateral view. Scale bars: 34, 36-41: 0.2 mm; 35: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184194/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
) transverse, median portion without pubescence, posterior excision broadly and deeply V-shaped, lateral margins of this excision each with a conspicuous tuft of long yellowish setae; aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="1303F7863A0FFF96FEA7E95FFE27F9EC" box="[287,401,1566,1588]" captionStart="Figs 34-41" captionStartId="16.[178,218,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[184,1090,222,1410]" captionTargetId="figure-1@16.[178,1091,212,1423]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 34-41: Lithocharis erythroptera GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD (34-35, 38, 40: lectotype of L. penicillata CAMERON): (34) male sternite VII; (35) postero-median portion of male sternite VII; (36) male sternite VIII; (37-40) aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view; (41) basal portion of dorsolateral apophysis in lateral view. Scale bars: 34, 36-41: 0.2 mm; 35: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184194/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148">Figs 37-41</figureCitation>
) large, approximately 
<quantity id="4CC046E63A0FFF96FDC6E95FFD6FF9EB" box="[638,729,1566,1588]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" unit="mm" value="0.85">0.85 mm</quantity>
long (total length 
<quantity id="4CC046E63A0FFF96FC20E95FFB9CF9EB" box="[920,1066,1566,1587]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="1148" unit="mm" value="0.885" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.87">0.87-0.90 mm</quantity>
), ventral process lamellate, thin and semi-transparent, and distinctly separated from remainder of aedeagus; dorso-lateral apophyses composed of a stout, sclerotized, and moderately long basal portion, and of a rather large, lamellate, semitransparent apical portion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF47BB8B3A10FF89FF0AEAE1FCDDFA22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5184194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184194/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1149" startId="16.[178,218,1440,1462]" targetBox="[184,1090,222,1410]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A10FF89FF0AEAE1FCDDFA22" blockId="16.[178,1086,1440,1531]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1149">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A10FF89FF0AEAE1FEACFA6D" bold="true" box="[178,282,1440,1462]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1149">Figs 34-41</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A10FF89FE93EAE1FCBEFA6D" authority="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD" authorityName="GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD" box="[299,776,1440,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythroptera">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A10FF89FE93EAE1FDA4FA6D" box="[299,530,1440,1461]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1149">Lithocharis erythroptera</emphasis>
GEMMINGER &amp; HAROLD
</taxonomicName>
(34-35, 38, 40: lectotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A10FF89FB92EAE0FECAFA14" authority="CAMERON" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penicillata">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A10FF89FB92EAE0FEA5FA14" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1149">L. penicillata</emphasis>
CAMERON
</taxonomicName>
): (
<emphasis id="B94C37113A10FF89FE21EAF6FE06FA14" bold="true" box="[409,432,1463,1484]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1149">34</emphasis>
) male sternite VII; (
<emphasis id="B94C37113A10FF89FDCEEAF6FD3BFA14" bold="true" box="[630,653,1463,1484]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1149">35</emphasis>
) postero-median portion of male sternite VII; (
<emphasis id="B94C37113A10FF89FF02EA8FFF67FA3B" bold="true" box="[186,209,1486,1507]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1149">36</emphasis>
) male sternite VIII; (
<emphasis id="B94C37113A10FF89FE2CEA8FFE7EFA3B" bold="true" box="[404,456,1486,1507]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1149">37-40</emphasis>
) aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view; (
<emphasis id="B94C37113A10FF89FCF2EA8FFCD7FA3B" bold="true" box="[842,865,1486,1507]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1149">41</emphasis>
) basal portion of dorsolateral apophysis in lateral view. Scale bars: 34, 36-41: 0.2 mm; 35: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C322B8883A11FF88FF0AEE19FD23FE3A" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A11FF88FF0AEE19FD23FE3A" blockId="17.[178,1085,344,483]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">
Comparative notes: This species is characterized by the distinctive shapes and chaetotaxy of the male sternites VII and VIII, as well as by the morphology of the aedeagus. It additionally differs from the externally similar 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A11FF88FCAAEED2FCE1FE7F" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1859" box="[786,855,402,424]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vilis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A11FF88FCAAEED2FCE1FE7F" box="[786,855,402,424]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">L. vilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the narrower head, the denser punctation and distinct microsculpture of the head, the slightly longer antennae, and the weakly dilated protarsomeres I-IV.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322B8883A11FF88FF0AEEB3FCE2FD42" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B87EB033A11FF88FF0AEEB3FCE2FD42" blockId="17.[178,1085,498,667]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">
Distribution and natural history: Confirmedmale-basedrecords of this species are known from North and South 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A11FF88FD54ED4EFC95FDFD" box="[748,803,527,549]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A11FF88FC8DED4EFC12FDFD" box="[821,932,527,549]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, South 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A11FF88FBB8ED4EFB8AFDFD" box="[1024,1084,527,549]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49FC25E13A11FF88FF01ED6CFEA3FD9B" box="[185,277,557,579]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A11FF88FE9FED6CFEC3FD9B" box="[295,373,557,579]" name="Taiwan" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A11FF88FE39ED6CFE4DFD9A" box="[385,507,557,578]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A11FF88FDBEED6CFDD9FD9B" box="[518,623,557,579]" name="Singapore" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A11FF88FD1DED6CFCB4FD9B" box="[677,770,557,579]" name="Malaysia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49FC25E13A11FF88FCA8ED6CFCE8FD9B" box="[784,862,557,579]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">Pahang</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A11FF88FCD1ED6CFC73FD9B" box="[873,965,557,579]" name="Malaysia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA996F23A11FF88FC6EED6CFF40FDB8" author="CAMERON M" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150" refId="ref27790" refString="CAMERON M. (1931): The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera. Staphylinidae. Volume 2. - London, Taylor and Francis: viii + 257 pp." type="book" year="1931">CAMERON (1931)</bibRefCitation>
reports it (as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A11FF88FE3DED0AFDA5FD87" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1859" box="[389,531,586,608]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A11FF88FE3DED0AFDA5FD87" box="[389,531,586,608]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">L. fuscipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) also from Sumatra, but his interpretation of this species is clearly erroneous. The additional material from South 
<collectingCountry id="F32FAB933A11FF88FC81ED26FCDBFDA5" box="[825,877,615,637]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">India</collectingCountry>
was collected from elephant dung at an altitude of 
<quantity id="4CC046E63A11FF88FE54EDC4FD8DFD42" box="[492,571,645,666]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
, together with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3890803A11FF88FD69EDC4FCF8FD42" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1859" box="[721,846,645,666]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Lithocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororcula">
<emphasis id="B94C37113A11FF88FD69EDC4FCF8FD42" box="[721,846,645,666]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1150">L. sororcula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>