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<subSubSection id="C3236534FFB2FF8809F0FAAAAD72CFEE" box="[151,567,1389,1415]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8636BFFFB2FF8809F0FAAAAD72CFEE" blockId="29.[151,567,1389,1447]" box="[151,567,1389,1415]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D0CE81D3FFB2FF8809F0FAAAAD72CFEE" bold="true" box="[151,567,1389,1415]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF8809F0FAAAAD72CFEE" ID-CoL="9B39Y" authority="Baker, 1978" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,567,1389,1415]" class="Chromadorea" family="Rhabdiasidae" genus="Rhabdias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAADFFB2FF8809F0FAAAAD72CFEE" bold="true" box="[151,567,1389,1415]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B94DEAADFFB2FF8809F0FAAAAEDBCFEE" bold="true" box="[151,414,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rhabdias americanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B4EFFB2FF8808C2FAAAAD72CFEE" author="Baker, M. R." box="[421,567,1389,1415]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="2127 - 2141" refId="ref40361" refString="Baker, M. R. (1978) Morphology and taxonomy of Rhabdias spp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from reptiles and amphibians of southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56, 2127 - 2141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 78 - 289" type="journal article" year="1978">Baker, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3236534FFB2FFB509F0FA48ACCDCA9E" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8636BFFFB2FF8809F0FA48AFBCCFCE" blockId="29.[151,567,1389,1447]" box="[151,249,1423,1447]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
(
<figureCitation id="13022A3AFFB2FF8809F8FA48AFB4CFCE" box="[159,241,1423,1447]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,198,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-44@31.[202,1384,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 14. R. americanus. A—anterior part of body, lateral view (outer layer of cuticle mostly excluded); B—tail end, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5262657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5262657/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636BFFFB2FF8809F0FA1FAE21CC5E" blockId="29.[151,1436,1496,1988]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Hosts:
<emphasis id="B94DEAADFFB2FF880988FA1FAD44CC7D" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF880988FA1FAEB5CF86" box="[239,496,1496,1520]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Anaxyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">Anaxyrus americanus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF880B62FA1FADD3CF99" baseAuthorityName="Say in James" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[517,662,1496,1520]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Anaxyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cognatus">A. cognatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF880BCCFA1FAC64CF99" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[683,801,1496,1520]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Anaxyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="debilis">A. debilis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF880A50FA1FACA1CF99" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[823,996,1496,1520]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Anaxyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hemiophrys">A. hemiophrys</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF880A9DFA1FAB85CF99" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1018,1216,1496,1520]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Anaxyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microscaphus">A. microscaphus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF880DB2FA1FAA2BCF99" baseAuthorityName="Sanders &amp; Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1237,1390,1496,1520]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Anaxyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retiformis">A. retiformis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF880CE3FA1FAE5ECC7D" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Anaxyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="woodhousii">A. woodhousii</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF88085FFA3BAD44CC7D" baseAuthorityName="Girard in Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[312,513,1532,1556]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alvarius">Incilius alvarius</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF880B46FA3BADD2CC7D" box="[545,663,1532,1556]" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Amphibia</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF880BD3FA3BADBBCC7D" box="[692,766,1532,1556]" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Anura</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF880A7DFA3BACD6CC7D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[794,915,1532,1556]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bufonidae</taxonomicName>
),
<emphasis id="B94DEAADFFB2FF880ADEFA3BABE9CC7D" box="[953,1196,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF880ADEFA3BABEDCC7D" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1854" box="[953,1192,1532,1556]" class="Amphibia" family="Scaphiopodidae" genus="Scaphiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="couchii">Scaphiopus couchii</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB2FF880DA2FA3BAE25CC5E" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Amphibia" family="Scaphiopodidae" genus="Spea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplicata">
<emphasis id="B94DEAADFFB2FF880DA2FA3BAADECC7D" box="[1221,1435,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Spea multiplicata</emphasis>
(Scaphiopodidae)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636BFFFB2FF8809A0F983AE00CC35" blockId="29.[151,1436,1496,1988]" box="[199,325,1604,1628]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Site: lungs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636BFFFB2FF8809A0F9A0AB5ACC16" blockId="29.[151,1436,1496,1988]" box="[199,1055,1639,1663]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Distribution: Nearctic. From southern
<collectingCountry id="F32E762FFFB2FF880B12F9A0AD8CCC16" box="[629,713,1639,1663]" name="Canada" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Canada</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingRegion id="49FDF85DFFB2FF880B8AF9AFAC3BCC16" box="[749,894,1639,1663]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
in the
<collectingCountry id="F32E762FFFB2FF880AACF9A0ACBFCC16" box="[971,1018,1639,1663]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U.S.</collectingCountry>
A..
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636BFFFB2FF8809A0F94BAD66CDAD" blockId="29.[151,1436,1496,1988]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Description (after
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B4EFFB2FF8808FBF94BADC0CCCD" author="Kuzmin Y. &amp; Tkach, V. V. &amp; Snyder S. D." box="[412,645,1676,1700]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="101 - 114" refId="ref43337" refString="Kuzmin Y., Tkach, V. V. &amp; Snyder S. D. (2003) The Nematode Genus Rhabdias (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from Amphibians and Reptiles of the Nearctic. Comparative Parasitology, 70, 101 - 114. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1654 / 4075" type="journal article" year="2003">
Kuzmin
<emphasis id="B94DEAADFFB2FF880B65F94AAD7BCCCD" box="[514,574,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
, modified). Body elongated. Body length 12.46 (10.74–14.14) mm, maximum width 265 (210–310). Body cuticle inflated, especially on anterior and posterior parts. Oral opening oval-shaped. Pseudolabia comparatively large, elongated. Submedian lips small. Buccal capsule depth 10, width 13 (12–15). Oesophagus elongated, 804 (770–870) long, (6.5 [5.8–7.3] % of body length), with anterior dilation at middle of muscular part. Oesophagus width 40 (37–42) at anterior end, 52 (50–57) at middle of muscular region, 48 (45–50) at middle of glandular region; posterior bulb 82 (75–90) wide. Nerve ring at 199 (180–210) from anterior end of oesophagus (24.8 [22.8–27.3] % of oesophagus length). Distance from anterior end to vulva 6.27 (5.35–7.25) mm (50.3 [47.9–52.2] % of body length). Tail 493 (450–550) long (4.0 [3.3–4.5] % of body length). Cuticular inflation reaching tail tip.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF466637FFB1FF8B09F0F866AC82CDBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5262655" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5262655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5262655/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" startId="30.[151,250,1953,1976]" targetBox="[212,1382,213,1913]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="8B8636BFFFB1FF8B09F0F866AC82CDBC" blockId="30.[151,1436,1953,2006]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B94DEAADFFB1FF8B09F0F866AE64CDD1" bold="true" box="[151,289,1953,1976]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB1FF8B084EF865AE80CDDE" authorityName="Kuzmin, Tkach and Snyder" authorityYear="2001" box="[297,453,1953,1975]" class="Chromadorea" family="Rhabdiasidae" genus="Rhabdias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ambystomae">
<emphasis id="B94DEAADFFB1FF8B084EF865AE80CDDE" box="[297,453,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">R. ambystomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A—anterior part of body, lateral view; B—head end, lateral view; C—head end, apical view; D—tail end, lateral view. Scale bars: A—0.1 mm; B, C—0.05 mm; D—0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF466637FFB0FF8A09F0F866AEA7CDBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5262657" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5262657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5262657/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[151,250,1953,1976]" targetBox="[209,1377,198,1927]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="8B8636BFFFB0FF8A09F0F866AEA7CDBC" blockId="31.[151,1436,1953,2006]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B94DEAADFFB0FF8A09F0F866AE66CDD1" bold="true" box="[151,291,1953,1976]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFFB0FF8A084BF865AE84CDDE" box="[300,449,1954,1975]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Anaxyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAADFFB0FF8A084BF865AE84CDDE" box="[300,449,1954,1975]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">R. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A—anterior part of body, lateral view (outer layer of cuticle mostly excluded); B—tail end, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8636BFFF8FFFB509A0FF50AC1BCAC6" blockId="32.[151,1436,151,248]" box="[199,862,151,176]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Material studied:
<specimenCount id="9D3FFD36FF8FFFB508EBFF50AD66CAC6" box="[396,547,151,175]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C394D3CFF8FFFB50B0FFF5FAC1BCAC6" authority=", SIZK." authorityName="SIZK." box="[616,862,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Anaxyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAADFF8FFFB50B0FFF5FAC4FCAC6" box="[616,778,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. americanus</emphasis>
, SIZK.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636BFFF8FFFB509A0FF7BACCDCA9E" blockId="32.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
References:
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B4EFF8FFFB50830FF7BAEACCABD" author="Baker, M. R." box="[343,489,188,212]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="2127 - 2141" refId="ref40361" refString="Baker, M. R. (1978) Morphology and taxonomy of Rhabdias spp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from reptiles and amphibians of southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56, 2127 - 2141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 78 - 289" type="journal article" year="1978">Baker (1978</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B4EFF8FFFB5089DFF7BAD70CABD" author="Baker, M. R." box="[506,565,188,212]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="161 - 178" refId="ref40416" refString="Baker, M. R. (1979) The free-living and parasitic development of Rhabdias spp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) in amphibians. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 57, 161 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 79 - 014" type="journal article" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B4EFF8FFFB50B29FF7BACE4CABD" author="Goldberg, S. R. &amp; Bursey, C. R." box="[590,929,188,212]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="142 - 146" refId="ref41501" refString="Goldberg, S. R. &amp; Bursey, C. R. (1991) Helminths of 3 toads, Bufo alvarius, Bufo cognatus (Bufonidae) and Scaphiopus couchii (Pelobatidae), from Southern Arizona. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 58, 142 - 146." type="journal article" year="1991">Goldberg and Bursey (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B4EFF8FFFB50AD6FF7BABF6CABD" author="Goldberg, S. R. &amp; Bursey, C. R. &amp; Ramos I." box="[945,1203,188,212]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="57 - 61" refId="ref41625" refString="Goldberg, S. R., Bursey, C. R. &amp; Ramos I. (1995) The component parasite community of three sympatric toad species, Bufo cognatus, Bufo debilis (Bufonidae), and Spea multiplicata (Pelobatidae) from New Mexico. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 62, 57 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1654 / 4084" type="journal article" year="1995">
Goldberg
<emphasis id="B94DEAADFF8FFFB50D41FF7AAB21CABD" box="[1062,1124,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
(1995
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B4EFF8FFFB50DA3FF7BAA45CABD" author="Goldberg, S. R. &amp; Bursey, C. R. &amp; Malmos, K. B. &amp; Sullivan, B. K. &amp; Cheam, H." box="[1220,1280,188,212]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="369 - 374" refId="ref41555" refString="Goldberg, S. R., Bursey, C. R., Malmos, K. B., Sullivan, B. K. &amp; Cheam, H. (1996) Helminths of the southwestern toad, Bufo microscaphus, Woodhouse's toad, Bufo woodhousii (Bufonidae), and their hybrids from central Arizona. Great Basin Naturalist, 56, 369 - 374." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
),
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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