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<document id="24AAB5A66A33C72C39FA9F8C96C47563" ID-DOI="10.1002/tax.12600" ID-ISSN="1996-8175" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14047424" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1730917512589" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Manzitto-Tripp, Erin A., Darbyshire, Iain, Daniel, Lucinda A. McDade Thomas F. &amp; Kiel, Carrie A." docDate="2022" docId="03884F74FFCE8B6B45FBC8C296D4908D" docLanguage="en" docName="TAXON.71.1.103-153.pdf" docOrigin="TAXON 71 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12600" docStyle="DocumentStyle:239A75409313D6488D9D82529296B06F.1:TAXON.2020-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="239A75409313D6488D9D82529296B06F" docStyleName="TAXON.2020-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Tetrameriinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="FFB1370CFFE88B4D456CC919962F943F" masterDocTitle="Revised classification of Acanthaceae and worldwide dichotomous keys" masterLastPageNumber="153" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1731531918744" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F77DCCB12772FF1768565F73507F0DF8">Revised classification of Acanthaceae and worldwide dichotomous keys</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BC02AA6F9927A072B8FD9CA850CFD36E">Manzitto-Tripp, Erin A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C3722722A944B44AAAB5A086FB61108E">* Iain Darbyshire, &amp; University of Colorado, Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6B1E7528873C10AAC26EB00645406724">Darbyshire, Iain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BCFD4C3023DC71CF42A063A6B1056B2A">* &amp; Lucinda A. McDade &amp; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Herbarium, Richmond, Surrey, TW &amp; * &amp; Lucinda A. McDade &amp; AE, United Kingdom &amp; Honorary Research Associate, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag &amp; WITS 2050, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EFD8A317F3B6202BA9D9D845260AD622">Daniel, Lucinda A. McDade Thomas F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D58601820744DA1CC0FC471E360B644E">Kiel, Carrie A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DEAF1296952B04BD76EDD93779938CA3">California Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="3150A491B92B3B6916B5B9A69100E37F">2022</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B45FBC8C2971895CD" authority="T.F.Daniel, Kiel &amp; McDade" box="[151,311,475,498]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetrameriinae">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B45FBC8C2971895CD" bold="true" box="[151,311,475,498]" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Tetrameriinae</emphasis>
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T.F.Daniel, Kiel &amp; McDade,
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B47E1C8C2952995CD" bold="true" box="[653,774,475,498]" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">subtr. nov.</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFCE8B6B45A8C8E297FC962D" blockId="38.[151,799,474,1202]" box="[196,467,507,530]" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">
<typeStatus id="549A40C0FFCE8B6B45A8C8E296D1962D" box="[196,254,507,530]" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B4465C8E297FC962D" authority="Nees." authorityName="Nees." box="[265,467,507,530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Tetramerium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B4465C8E297BF962D" box="[265,400,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Tetramerium</emphasis>
Nees.
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Perennial herbs or shrubs with cystoliths; leaves opposite; inflorescences in 1- to many-flowered dichasia, these borne in leaf axils or in axils of bracts along spikes, racemes, or thyrses, which are sometimes branched into panicles, flowers subtended by paired bracteoles, bracts and/or bracteoles inconspicuous or conspicuous; corollas variable in size, shape and color, rugula absent; androecium of 2 stamens and no staminodes (4 stamens in
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B440ACBE29429972D" box="[358,518,763,786]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Chalarothyrsus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B440ACBE29429972D" box="[358,518,763,786]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Chalarothyrsus</emphasis>
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), anthers bithecous (monothecous in
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B4469CA0297A0970D" box="[261,399,795,818]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Clinacanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B4469CA0297A0970D" box="[261,399,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Clinacanthus</emphasis>
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), thecae of a pair equally or subequally inserted on filament, parallel to sagittate, lacking basal appendages; stigma usually 2-lobed; capsule clavate, 24-seeded, retinacula present and usually not separating from inner capsule wall at maturity (separating slightly in
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B4757CA8294A6978D" box="[571,649,923,946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Henrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B4757CA8294A6978D" box="[571,649,923,946]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Henrya</emphasis>
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and
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B47AFCA8296E797ED" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Tetramerium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B47AFCA8296E797ED" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Tetramerium</emphasis>
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); seeds distinct and expelled from capsule on dehiscence (indistinct by fusion with retinacula and capsule wall, and not expelled from capsule valves in
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B4480CAE294A5902D" box="[492,650,1019,1042]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Aphanosperma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B4480CAE294A5902D" box="[492,650,1019,1042]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Aphanosperma</emphasis>
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and
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B47ACCAE296CE900D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Chalarothyrsus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B47ACCAE296CE900D" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Chalarothyrsus</emphasis>
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); seeds compressed, surfaces and margin smooth or variously ornamented, trichomes usually absent (hygroscopic trichomes present in
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B44E4CD42946C904D" box="[392,579,1115,1138]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Henrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B44E4CD42946C904D" box="[392,579,1115,1138]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Henrya insularis</emphasis>
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); pollen usually 3- colporate, 6-pseudocolpate (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB08393FFCE8B6B449ACD6294EB90AD" author="Daniel, T. F. &amp; McDade, L. A. &amp; Manktelow, M. &amp; Kiel, C. A." box="[502,708,1147,1170]" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" pagination="416 - 436" refId="ref53170" refString="Daniel, T. F., McDade, L. A., Manktelow, M. &amp; Kiel, C. A. 2008. The &quot; Tetramerium Lineage &quot; (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Justicieae): Delimitation and intra-lineage relationships based on cp and nrITS sequence data. Syst. Bot. 33: 416 - 436. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364408784571581" type="journal article" year="2008">Daniel &amp; al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
for rare variants).
</paragraph>
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